CA2426836A1 - Retaining wall made of sandbags - Google Patents
Retaining wall made of sandbags Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2426836A1 CA2426836A1 CA 2426836 CA2426836A CA2426836A1 CA 2426836 A1 CA2426836 A1 CA 2426836A1 CA 2426836 CA2426836 CA 2426836 CA 2426836 A CA2426836 A CA 2426836A CA 2426836 A1 CA2426836 A1 CA 2426836A1
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- sandbags
- course
- extending
- adjacent
- wall face
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
A retaining wall structure for supporting fill material without using geogrid comprises a plurality of courses of sandbags which form a wall face and support a mass of fill material. Sandbags are also placed extending from the wall face into the fill material at spaced-apart positions along selected courses in order to stabilize the wall face and the fill. Interconnecting members are positioned so as to attach the courses and the extending sandbags together, forming a retaining wall structure having a high degree of stability. The system may also be used to construct freestanding walls.
Description
~~TAININ~ WA~,~, I~A~E ~~ sA~~~~~s Technical Field The invention pertains to retaining walls and methods of constructing retaining walls. In particular, it pertains to retaining walls made of sandbags which support fill material without the use of geogrid.
hack round Retaining walls are used in a wide variety of civil engineering and landscaping applications, for example to support slopes and embankments for highways, support noise barriers, etc. Retaining walls are commonly made having a supporting face structure made of interconnecting blocks with soil or other fill material placed and compacted in back of the wall, and generally with sheets of geogrid laid in the fill at various levels, extending back from the wall and attached to it.
International patent application No. W~ OOI61 X80 published ~ctober 19, 2000 discloses a system of building retaining walls from sandbags which uses interconnecting members to attach the sandbags in adjacent courses to each other so as to stabilize and strengthen the sandbag wall structure, permitting the construction of permanent retaining wall structures (and, if desired, temporary ones) and ones that may be higher and steeper than conventional sandbag retaining walls.
The interconnecting members are plates having projections on both sides thereof that protrude into horizontally and vertically adjacent sandbags.
~ptionally, sheets of geogrid may be attached to the interconnecting members to extend at selected courses into the fill material supported by the sandbags in order to help stabilize the fill and anchor the sandbag structure to the fill.
Geogrid is a costly product, and for some applications where sandbag retaining walls with geogrid are effective, it would be desirable to be able to construct the walls so as to have a high degree of stability but without using geogrid.
Summary of Invention The invention provides a retaining wall structure comprising a plurality of courses of sandbags which form a wall face, supporting a mass of fill material. In this specification, a "sandbag" means any bag, or soft-walled container, holding any suitable fill material, including sand, soil, mixtures thereof, and including fill mixed with seed for grass or other plants. Interconnecting members are positioned between adjacent courses of sandbags to connect sandbags of adjacent courses together. Sandbags also extend from the wall face into the fill material, preferably at spaced-apart positions along a course. Depending on the height of the wall and the number of courses in it, sandbags may extend from the wall face into the fill material at a plurality of courses of the wall.
The invention also provides a method of constructing a retaining wall as aforesaid. A plurality of sandbags is placed to form a first course and interconnecting members are placed on it. It is to be understood that the "first" course is not necessarily the bottommost course, but can be any suitable course in a wall having a plurality of courses. A second course of sandbags is placed above the first course, with the interconnecting members connecting the two courses together.
Within the second course, sandbags is placed so as to extend into the fill material supported by the wall. Interconnecting members are placed on the extending sandbag so as to attach them t~ the other sandbags of the second course. A third course of sandbags is then placed above the second course, covering the interconnecting members on the second course and on the extending sandbags.
Brief Description of Drawings Figure 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a retaining wall structure according to one embodiment of the invention.
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional plan view thereof.
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional plan view of a retaining wall structure according to a second embodiment, showing a freestanding wall .
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional side view of the wall of Figure 3.
Figure 5 is a perspective view showing the placement of interconnecting members on sandbags in a course.
Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view through an interconnecting member on the line 6-6 of Figure 5.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments Referring to Figures 1 and 2, a retaining wall structure 10 according to the invention is constructed on ground 12 and comprises a ~0 plurality of courses 14 of sandbags 16, forming a wall face 18. Each course 14 is preferably laid approximately horizontal, though it may follow the contour of the ground as required. The face of the wall is preferably sloped to enhance stability, though it may be vertical if desired. Fill material 20 is compacted behind and supported by sandbags 16.
The sandbags are preferably made of a geotextile material that is durable and that permits water to flow into and through the bags, and seedlings to grow out, while retaining fine soil particles within the bag.
The material of the bags should not be biodegradable, for durability of the wall.
At selected, longitudinally-spaced positions along selected, vertically-spaced courses, sandbags are placed in courses 14 so as to extend from the wall face into the fill material 20. Within a given course, such extending sandbags 22 may be positioned, for example, between every second and third sandbags, or at such other spacing as is appropriate for effective stabilization of the wall face in a particular application. Likewise, the extending sandbags 22 may be positioned at selected levels during the construction of the wall, for example at every third course (as illustrated in Figure 1), or as required for a particular application. Sandbags 16 are preferably generally rectangular in shape (in plan view) having a length significantly greater than their width. In such case, the sandbags employed as extending sandbags 22 may be the same size sandbags as those used to form the courses 14, simply being positioned so that their long side extends back from the wall face when they are used as extending sandbags. Alternately, for use as extending sandbags, sandbags may be selected that have a length that is greater than the length of the sandbags that form the wall face. In either case, it will be apparent that extending sandbags must extend a distance into the fill material that is effective to anchor the wall face and stabilize the fill material.
_q._ Interconnecting members 24 are used m the construction of the retaining wall 10. Generally, the interconnecting members may be of the types described in International Patent Publication No. WO
OOI61880 dated October 19, 2000. Referring particularly to Figures 5 S and 6, interconnecting member 24 preferably comprises a plate 26, generally rectangular and planar, with a plurality of projections 28 extending vertically from both sides of the plate. Projections 28 are sufficiently strong and pointed to protrude into the sandbags.
Interconnecting member 24 is preferably made of plastics or aluminum other non-corrodible material. Preferred dimensions of the interconnecting member are about 286 millimeters in length, 100 millimeters in width and 42 millimeters in height (including the projections).
Interconnecting members 24 are used m the construction of the retaining wall by placing them on top of sandbags 16 in a given course so that projections 28 on the lower side protrude into the sandbags.
When a second course of sandbags is placed on top of the first course and the interconnecting members 24, the projections on the upper side of the plate protrude into the sandbags in the second course, and the weight of such sandbags presses the interconnecting members so that the projections 28 on their lower side protrude fully into the sandbags in the first course. The projections 28 can be configured to fully penetrate the sandbags, or, preferably, to simply indent them. In either case, the projections are considered to "protrude" into the sandbags.
Interconnecting members 24 are of a size and configuration such that, when plate 26 is placed covering a portion of two abutting sandbags within a course, some of projections 28 on the lower side of the plate will protrude into each of the two abutting bags, connecting them together, and when a sandbag is placed on top of such plate, i.e. in laying a vertically adjacent course, projections 28 on the upper side of such plate will protrude into that sandbag, attaching the upper sandbag to the two lower sandbags. Thus, the interconnecting members attach both horizontally and vertically adjacent sandbags at the same time.
The interconnecting members 24 are likewise used to attach the extending sandbags 22 to the other sandbags 16 forming a course, as best seen in Figure 2, by placing interconnecting members so as to extend over sandbag 22 and each of the two sandbags 16 that it abuts within a course. Then, a further course of sandbags is placed on top of said course, covering said interconnecting members 24 and effectively anchoring said extending sandbags 22 to the laterally adjacent sandbags 16 and to the sandbag 16 in the vertically adjacent upper course.
Optionally, a further sandbag 30 may be attached to an extending sandbag 22 in order to increase the anchoring of the wall. Re:Eerring to Figures 1 and 2, such sandbag 30 is positioned generally parallel to the wall face 18 at the free end of an extending sandbag 22. An interconnecting member 24 is placed to extend between sandbags 22 and 30, and a further sandbag 16 is placed on top of the interconnecting member to secure the attachment of the interconnecting member to the two sandbags 22, 30.
The invention may also be used in the construction of freestanding walls. Referring to Figures 3 and 4, wall 40 comprises wall faces 42, 44 which support fill material 46 therebetween. The wall faces may be sloped (as illustrated in Figure 4) or vertical if desired. Each wall face comprises generally horizontal courses of sandbags 16 attached together with interconnecting members 24 in the manner described above. At selected longitudinal intervals along the wall, an extending sandbag 22 is placed extending from one wall face to the other wall face and attached to each wall face by means of the interconnecting members 24, again as described above. Extending sandbags 22 are placed at such positions longitudinally along a course, and in multiple courses, as may be required to support both wall faces of a wall having a given length, height and width.
As will be apparent to those skilled in the art in tlhe light of the foregoing disclosure, many alterations and modifications are possible in the practice of this invention without departing from the scope thereof.
Accordingly, the scope of the invention is to be construed in accordance with the substance defined by the following claims.
hack round Retaining walls are used in a wide variety of civil engineering and landscaping applications, for example to support slopes and embankments for highways, support noise barriers, etc. Retaining walls are commonly made having a supporting face structure made of interconnecting blocks with soil or other fill material placed and compacted in back of the wall, and generally with sheets of geogrid laid in the fill at various levels, extending back from the wall and attached to it.
International patent application No. W~ OOI61 X80 published ~ctober 19, 2000 discloses a system of building retaining walls from sandbags which uses interconnecting members to attach the sandbags in adjacent courses to each other so as to stabilize and strengthen the sandbag wall structure, permitting the construction of permanent retaining wall structures (and, if desired, temporary ones) and ones that may be higher and steeper than conventional sandbag retaining walls.
The interconnecting members are plates having projections on both sides thereof that protrude into horizontally and vertically adjacent sandbags.
~ptionally, sheets of geogrid may be attached to the interconnecting members to extend at selected courses into the fill material supported by the sandbags in order to help stabilize the fill and anchor the sandbag structure to the fill.
Geogrid is a costly product, and for some applications where sandbag retaining walls with geogrid are effective, it would be desirable to be able to construct the walls so as to have a high degree of stability but without using geogrid.
Summary of Invention The invention provides a retaining wall structure comprising a plurality of courses of sandbags which form a wall face, supporting a mass of fill material. In this specification, a "sandbag" means any bag, or soft-walled container, holding any suitable fill material, including sand, soil, mixtures thereof, and including fill mixed with seed for grass or other plants. Interconnecting members are positioned between adjacent courses of sandbags to connect sandbags of adjacent courses together. Sandbags also extend from the wall face into the fill material, preferably at spaced-apart positions along a course. Depending on the height of the wall and the number of courses in it, sandbags may extend from the wall face into the fill material at a plurality of courses of the wall.
The invention also provides a method of constructing a retaining wall as aforesaid. A plurality of sandbags is placed to form a first course and interconnecting members are placed on it. It is to be understood that the "first" course is not necessarily the bottommost course, but can be any suitable course in a wall having a plurality of courses. A second course of sandbags is placed above the first course, with the interconnecting members connecting the two courses together.
Within the second course, sandbags is placed so as to extend into the fill material supported by the wall. Interconnecting members are placed on the extending sandbag so as to attach them t~ the other sandbags of the second course. A third course of sandbags is then placed above the second course, covering the interconnecting members on the second course and on the extending sandbags.
Brief Description of Drawings Figure 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a retaining wall structure according to one embodiment of the invention.
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional plan view thereof.
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional plan view of a retaining wall structure according to a second embodiment, showing a freestanding wall .
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional side view of the wall of Figure 3.
Figure 5 is a perspective view showing the placement of interconnecting members on sandbags in a course.
Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view through an interconnecting member on the line 6-6 of Figure 5.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments Referring to Figures 1 and 2, a retaining wall structure 10 according to the invention is constructed on ground 12 and comprises a ~0 plurality of courses 14 of sandbags 16, forming a wall face 18. Each course 14 is preferably laid approximately horizontal, though it may follow the contour of the ground as required. The face of the wall is preferably sloped to enhance stability, though it may be vertical if desired. Fill material 20 is compacted behind and supported by sandbags 16.
The sandbags are preferably made of a geotextile material that is durable and that permits water to flow into and through the bags, and seedlings to grow out, while retaining fine soil particles within the bag.
The material of the bags should not be biodegradable, for durability of the wall.
At selected, longitudinally-spaced positions along selected, vertically-spaced courses, sandbags are placed in courses 14 so as to extend from the wall face into the fill material 20. Within a given course, such extending sandbags 22 may be positioned, for example, between every second and third sandbags, or at such other spacing as is appropriate for effective stabilization of the wall face in a particular application. Likewise, the extending sandbags 22 may be positioned at selected levels during the construction of the wall, for example at every third course (as illustrated in Figure 1), or as required for a particular application. Sandbags 16 are preferably generally rectangular in shape (in plan view) having a length significantly greater than their width. In such case, the sandbags employed as extending sandbags 22 may be the same size sandbags as those used to form the courses 14, simply being positioned so that their long side extends back from the wall face when they are used as extending sandbags. Alternately, for use as extending sandbags, sandbags may be selected that have a length that is greater than the length of the sandbags that form the wall face. In either case, it will be apparent that extending sandbags must extend a distance into the fill material that is effective to anchor the wall face and stabilize the fill material.
_q._ Interconnecting members 24 are used m the construction of the retaining wall 10. Generally, the interconnecting members may be of the types described in International Patent Publication No. WO
OOI61880 dated October 19, 2000. Referring particularly to Figures 5 S and 6, interconnecting member 24 preferably comprises a plate 26, generally rectangular and planar, with a plurality of projections 28 extending vertically from both sides of the plate. Projections 28 are sufficiently strong and pointed to protrude into the sandbags.
Interconnecting member 24 is preferably made of plastics or aluminum other non-corrodible material. Preferred dimensions of the interconnecting member are about 286 millimeters in length, 100 millimeters in width and 42 millimeters in height (including the projections).
Interconnecting members 24 are used m the construction of the retaining wall by placing them on top of sandbags 16 in a given course so that projections 28 on the lower side protrude into the sandbags.
When a second course of sandbags is placed on top of the first course and the interconnecting members 24, the projections on the upper side of the plate protrude into the sandbags in the second course, and the weight of such sandbags presses the interconnecting members so that the projections 28 on their lower side protrude fully into the sandbags in the first course. The projections 28 can be configured to fully penetrate the sandbags, or, preferably, to simply indent them. In either case, the projections are considered to "protrude" into the sandbags.
Interconnecting members 24 are of a size and configuration such that, when plate 26 is placed covering a portion of two abutting sandbags within a course, some of projections 28 on the lower side of the plate will protrude into each of the two abutting bags, connecting them together, and when a sandbag is placed on top of such plate, i.e. in laying a vertically adjacent course, projections 28 on the upper side of such plate will protrude into that sandbag, attaching the upper sandbag to the two lower sandbags. Thus, the interconnecting members attach both horizontally and vertically adjacent sandbags at the same time.
The interconnecting members 24 are likewise used to attach the extending sandbags 22 to the other sandbags 16 forming a course, as best seen in Figure 2, by placing interconnecting members so as to extend over sandbag 22 and each of the two sandbags 16 that it abuts within a course. Then, a further course of sandbags is placed on top of said course, covering said interconnecting members 24 and effectively anchoring said extending sandbags 22 to the laterally adjacent sandbags 16 and to the sandbag 16 in the vertically adjacent upper course.
Optionally, a further sandbag 30 may be attached to an extending sandbag 22 in order to increase the anchoring of the wall. Re:Eerring to Figures 1 and 2, such sandbag 30 is positioned generally parallel to the wall face 18 at the free end of an extending sandbag 22. An interconnecting member 24 is placed to extend between sandbags 22 and 30, and a further sandbag 16 is placed on top of the interconnecting member to secure the attachment of the interconnecting member to the two sandbags 22, 30.
The invention may also be used in the construction of freestanding walls. Referring to Figures 3 and 4, wall 40 comprises wall faces 42, 44 which support fill material 46 therebetween. The wall faces may be sloped (as illustrated in Figure 4) or vertical if desired. Each wall face comprises generally horizontal courses of sandbags 16 attached together with interconnecting members 24 in the manner described above. At selected longitudinal intervals along the wall, an extending sandbag 22 is placed extending from one wall face to the other wall face and attached to each wall face by means of the interconnecting members 24, again as described above. Extending sandbags 22 are placed at such positions longitudinally along a course, and in multiple courses, as may be required to support both wall faces of a wall having a given length, height and width.
As will be apparent to those skilled in the art in tlhe light of the foregoing disclosure, many alterations and modifications are possible in the practice of this invention without departing from the scope thereof.
Accordingly, the scope of the invention is to be construed in accordance with the substance defined by the following claims.
Claims (11)
1. A retaining wall structure comprising:
(a) a plurality of courses of sandbags forming a wall face supporting a mass of fill material, each of said courses comprising a plurality of sandbags;
(b) interconnecting members positioned between adjacent courses to connect sandbags of each course to said sandbags of each adjacent course;
(c) at least one sandbag extending from said wall face into said fill material; and (d) said extending sandbag being attached by means of an interconnecting member to one or more of said sandbags forming said wall face.
(a) a plurality of courses of sandbags forming a wall face supporting a mass of fill material, each of said courses comprising a plurality of sandbags;
(b) interconnecting members positioned between adjacent courses to connect sandbags of each course to said sandbags of each adjacent course;
(c) at least one sandbag extending from said wall face into said fill material; and (d) said extending sandbag being attached by means of an interconnecting member to one or more of said sandbags forming said wall face.
2. A retaining wall structure according to claim 1 wherein said extending sandbag is positioned between two adjacent sandbags of one of said courses, and said extending sandbag is attached by means of said interconnecting members to each of said two adjacent sandbags.
3. A retaining wall structure according to claim 1 or 2 wherein there is a plurality of said extending sandbags, spaced apart from each other and extending from said wall face into said fill material, said extending sandbags each being attached by means of said interconnecting members to one or more of said sandbags forming said wall face.
4. A retaining wall structure according to claim 3 wherein one or more of said extending sandbags extends into said fill material from a different one of said courses than one or more other of said extending sandbags.
5. A retaining wall structure according to claim 1 further comprising a sandbag attached by means of said interconnecting members to a free end of said extending sandbag, said further attached sandbag being positioned generally parallel to said wall face.
6. A retaining wall structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein said interconnecting member is a plate having an upper side and a lower side, each said side having a plurality of projections thereon, said plate being capable of extending across at least part of two adjacent sandbags in one said course with said projections on said upper side or said lower side protruding into said adjacent sandbags within said course.
7. A method of constructing a retaining wall structure having a plurality of courses of sandbags supporting a mass of X11 material and connected together by means of interconnecting members, comprising the steps of:
(a) placing a first plurality of sandbags to form a first course;
(b) placing interconnecting members on said first course;
(c) placing a second plurality of sandbags to form a second course vertically adjacent to said first course, with said interconnecting members placed on said first course being between said first course and said second course;
(d) placing a plurality of sandbags extending from said second course into said fill material;
(e) placing interconnecting members on said extending sandbags and on said sandbags of said second course, so as to attach said extending sandbags to said sandbags of said second course; and (f) placing a third plurality of sandbags to form a third course vertically adjacent to said second course, said third course covering said interconnecting members that are on said second course and on said extending sandbags.
(a) placing a first plurality of sandbags to form a first course;
(b) placing interconnecting members on said first course;
(c) placing a second plurality of sandbags to form a second course vertically adjacent to said first course, with said interconnecting members placed on said first course being between said first course and said second course;
(d) placing a plurality of sandbags extending from said second course into said fill material;
(e) placing interconnecting members on said extending sandbags and on said sandbags of said second course, so as to attach said extending sandbags to said sandbags of said second course; and (f) placing a third plurality of sandbags to form a third course vertically adjacent to said second course, said third course covering said interconnecting members that are on said second course and on said extending sandbags.
8. A method according to claim 7 wherein said interconnecting members comprise a plate having an upper side and a lower side, each said side having a plurality of projections thereon, said plate being capable of extending across at least part of two adjacent sandbags in a course, with said projections protruding into said two adjacent sandbags.
9. A wall structure comprising:
(a) a plurality of courses of sandbags forming a first wall face, each said course comprising a plurality of sandbags;
(b) a second plurality of courses of sandbags forming a second wall face, each said course comprising a plurality of sandbags;
(c) interconnecting members positioned between adjacent courses of each wall face to connect sandbags of each course to sandbags of each adjacent course;
(d) a mass of fill material between said two wall faces and supported thereby;
(e) a plurality of sandbags extending between said first and said second wall faces through said fill material; and (f) each of said extending sandbags being attached by means of an interconnecting member to one or more of said sandbags of said first wall face and to one or more of said sandbags of said second wall face.
(a) a plurality of courses of sandbags forming a first wall face, each said course comprising a plurality of sandbags;
(b) a second plurality of courses of sandbags forming a second wall face, each said course comprising a plurality of sandbags;
(c) interconnecting members positioned between adjacent courses of each wall face to connect sandbags of each course to sandbags of each adjacent course;
(d) a mass of fill material between said two wall faces and supported thereby;
(e) a plurality of sandbags extending between said first and said second wall faces through said fill material; and (f) each of said extending sandbags being attached by means of an interconnecting member to one or more of said sandbags of said first wall face and to one or more of said sandbags of said second wall face.
10. A wall structure according to claim 9 wherein each said extending sandbag is positioned between two adjacent sandbags of a course of said first wall face and between two adjacent sandbags of a course of said second wall face, each said extending sandbag being attached by means of said interconnecting members to each of said two adjacent sandbags of said first wall face and of said second wall face.
11. A retaining wall structure according to claim 9 or 10 wherein said interconnecting member is a plate having an upper side and a lower side, each said side having a plurality of projections thereon, said plate being capable of extending across at least part of two adjacent sandbags in one said course with said projections on said upper side or said lower side protruding into said adjacent sandbags within said course.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2426836 CA2426836A1 (en) | 2003-04-25 | 2003-04-25 | Retaining wall made of sandbags |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2426836 CA2426836A1 (en) | 2003-04-25 | 2003-04-25 | Retaining wall made of sandbags |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2426836A1 true CA2426836A1 (en) | 2004-10-25 |
Family
ID=33315175
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2426836 Abandoned CA2426836A1 (en) | 2003-04-25 | 2003-04-25 | Retaining wall made of sandbags |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2426836A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006084356A1 (en) * | 2005-02-08 | 2006-08-17 | Deltalok Inc. | Sandbag wall system with sandbags having a waist portion |
| WO2006084359A1 (en) * | 2005-02-08 | 2006-08-17 | Deltalok Inc. | Sandbag wall system with multi-compartment sandbag |
| WO2007028228A1 (en) * | 2005-09-08 | 2007-03-15 | Deltalok Inc. | Constructions and reinforcement structures of connected sandbags |
| CN101314948B (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2010-05-26 | 深圳万向泰富环保科技有限公司 | Three-dimensional water discharge coupling button apparatus |
-
2003
- 2003-04-25 CA CA 2426836 patent/CA2426836A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006084356A1 (en) * | 2005-02-08 | 2006-08-17 | Deltalok Inc. | Sandbag wall system with sandbags having a waist portion |
| WO2006084359A1 (en) * | 2005-02-08 | 2006-08-17 | Deltalok Inc. | Sandbag wall system with multi-compartment sandbag |
| WO2007028228A1 (en) * | 2005-09-08 | 2007-03-15 | Deltalok Inc. | Constructions and reinforcement structures of connected sandbags |
| CN101314948B (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2010-05-26 | 深圳万向泰富环保科技有限公司 | Three-dimensional water discharge coupling button apparatus |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Dead |