CA2407317A1 - Dihydropyridine compounds and methods of use - Google Patents

Abstract

Compounds having the formula (I) are useful in treating diseases prevented b y or ameliorated with potassium channel openers. Also disclosed are potassium channel opening compositions and a method of opening potassium channels in a mammal.

Description

DIHYDROPYRIDINE COMPOUNDS AND METHODS OF USE
TECHNICAL FIELD
Novel dihydropyridine compounds and their derivatives can open potassium channels and are useful for treating a variety of medical conditions.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
Potassium channels play an important role in regulating cell membrane excitability.
When the potassium channels open, changes in the electrical potential across the cell membrane occur and result in a more polarized state. A number of diseases or conditions can be treated with therapeutic agents that open potassium channels; see (K.
Lawson, Phannacol.
to Ther., v. 70, pp. 39-63 (1996)); (D.R. Gehlert et al., Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol & Biol.
Psychiat., v. 18, pp. 1093-1102 (1994)); (M. Gopalakrishnan et al., Drug Development Research, v. 28, pp. 95-127 (1993)); (J.E. Freedman et al., The Neuroscientist, v. 2, pp. 145-152 (1996)); (D. E. Nurse et al., Br. J. Urol., v. 68 pp. 27-31 (1991)); (B.
B. Howe et al., J.
Phaxmacol. Exp. Ther., v. 274 pp. 884-890 (1995)); and (D. Spanswick e1: al., Nature, v. 390 pp. 521-25 (December 4, 1997)). Such diseases or conditions include asthma, epilepsy, hypertension, male sexual dysfunction, female sexual dysfunction, migraine, pain, urinary incontinence, stroke, Raynaud's Syndrome, eating disorders, functional bowel disorders, and neurodegeneration.
Potassium channel openers also act as smooth muscle relaxants. Because urinary incontinence can result from the spontaneous, uncontrolled contractions of the smooth muscle of the bladder, the ability of potassium channel openers to hyperpolarize bladder cells and relax bladder smooth muscle provides a method to ameliorate or prevent urinary incontinence.
WO 9408966, EP 0539153 A1 and EP 0539154 A1 disclose a group of acridinedione and quinolone compounds that belong to the larger general chemical class of dihydropyridines.
Dihydropyridines of differing chemical structure may possess a variety of biological activities. DE 3605742 Al and US 4,284,634 disclose compounds that are calcium channel antagonists.

US 5,025,011 discloses pyridine compounds as possessing both calcium channel and (3-receptor blocking activity while EP 299727 discloses compounds that act as platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonists.
Compounds of the present invention are novel, hyperpolarize cell membranes, open potassium channels, relax smooth muscle cells, inhibit bladder contractions and are useful for treating diseases that can be ameliorated by opening potassium channels.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In its principle embodiment, the present invention discloses compounds having l0 formula I:
R~
A~
n H Rs, n. R7, I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, amide, ester, or prodrug thereof, wherein n and n' are independently 1-3;
15 A is selected from O, -NR2, and S;
A' is selected from O, -NR2~, S, and CR4~R5 ;
D is selected from CHZ and C(O);
D' is selected from CH2, C(O), S(O), and S(O)Z;
Rl is selected from aryl and heterocycle;
2o R2 and R2~ are independently selected from hydrogen, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocyclealkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, -NZ1Z2, and (NZ1Z2)alkyl wherein Zl and Z2 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, and formyl;
R4. and R5~ are independently selected from hydrogen and alkyl;
25 R6~ and R~~ are independently selected from hydrogen and alkyl;
with the proviso that when D is CH2 then D' is other than CH2;
with the proviso that when D' is S(O) or S(O)2 then A' is CR4~R5 ; and with the proviso that the following compounds are excluded, 8-[2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,7-dioxo-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrodipyrrolo[3,4-b:3,4-30 a]pyridine-2,6-dipropanoic acid, (8-[2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,7-dioxo-2,3,4, 5, 6, 8-hexahydrodipyrrolo [3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-2,6-ethyldipropanate, 8-[2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-6-methyl-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1 H-faro [3,4-b]pyrrolo [3,4-a]pyridine-1, 7(3 H)-dione, 8-[2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2,6-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrodipyrrolo[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7-dione, 2,6-dimethyl-8-phenyl-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrodipyrrolo[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7-dione, 8-(3 -nitrophenyl)-5, 8-dihydro-1 H,3 H-difuro [3,4-b : 3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(4-iodophenyl)-5, 8-dihydro-1 H, 3 H-difuro [3 ,4-b :3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(4-bromophenyl)-5, 8-dihydro-1 H, 3 H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7 (4H)-dione, 8-(3-bromophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1 H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(2-fluorophenyl)-5, 8-dihydro-1 H,3 H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-phenyl-5,8-dihydro-1 H,3H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(2-aminophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-[2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-5,8-dihydro-1 H,3 H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-2o 1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(2-chlorophenyl)-5, 8-dihydro-1 H, 3 H-difuro [3,4-b :3,4-a]pyridine-1, 7(4H)-dione, 8-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1 H,3H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5,8-dihydro-1 H,3 H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(2-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)-5, 8-dihydro-1 H, 3 H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7 (4H)-dione, 8-(4-nitrophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 3 o 8-(3-chlorophenyl)-5, 8-dihydro-1 H, 3 H-difuro [3 ,4-b: 3,4-a]pyridine-1, 7(4H)-dione, 8-(2-nitrophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1 H,3H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl-3,4,5,6,7,10-hexahydro-1 H,9H-dipyrano [4,3-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,9-dione, 6,6-dimethyl-9-phenyl-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, 9-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-f,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, 9-(3-methoxyphenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, 9-(2-methoxyphenyl)-6,6-dimethyl-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro [3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, 6, 6-dimethyl-9-(2-nitrophenyl)-5,6, 7, 9-tetrahydrofuro [3,4-b] quinoline-1, 8 (3 H,4H)-dione, 6,6-dimethyl-9-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, and 9-[3-(benzyloxy)phenyl]-6,6-dimethyl-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro [3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione.
' DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
All patents, patent applications, and. literature references cited in the specification are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In the case of inconsistencies; the present disclosure, including definitions, will prevail.
It is understood that the foregoing detailed description and accompanying examples 2o are merely illustrative and are not to be taken as limitations upon the scope of the invention, which is defined solely by the appended claims and their equivalents. Various changes and modifications to the disclosed embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications, including without limitation those relating to the chemical structures, substituents, derivatives, intermediates, syntheses, formulations and/or methods of use of the invention, may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.
In its principle embodiment, the present invention discloses compounds having formula I:
R~
D D' n H R6 n, R7, I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, amide, ester, or prodrug thereof, wherein n and n' are independently 1-3;
A is selected from O, -NR2, and S;
A' is selected from O, -NR2~, S, and CR~~R$~;
D is selected from CH2 and C(O);
D' is selected from CHa, C(O), S(O), and S(O)2;
Rl is selected from aryl and heterocycle;
R2 and R~~ are independently selected from hydrogen, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocyclealkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, -NZ1Z2, and (NZ1Z2)alkyl wherein Z1 and Z2 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, 1o alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl,. and formyl;
R4~ and R5. are independently selected from hydrogen and alkyl;
R6~ and R7~ are independently selected from hydrogen and alkyl;
with the proviso that when D is CH2 then D' is other than CHZ;
with the proviso that when D' is S(O) or S(O)Z then A' is CR4~R5~; and with the proviso that the following compounds are excluded, 8-[2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]=1,7-dioxo-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrodipyrrolo[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-2,6-dipropanoic acid,::. .
(8-[2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,7-dioxo-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrodipyrrolo[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-2,6-ethyldipropanate, .
2o 8-[2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-6-methyl-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1 H-faro[3,4-b]pyrrolo [3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(3 H)-dione, 8-[2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2,6-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrodipyrrolo[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7-dione, 2,6-dimethyl-8-phenyl-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrodipyrrolo[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7-dione, 8-(3-nitrophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1 H,3H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H) dione, 8-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5,8-dihydra-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 3o 8-(4-iodophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(4-bromophenyl)-5, 8-dihydro-1 H, 3 H-difuro [3,4-b: 3,4-a]pyridine-1,7 (4H)-dione, 8-(3 -bromophenyl)-5, 8-dihydro-1 H,3 H-difuro [3 ,4-b :3,4-a]pyridine-1, 7(4H)-dione, 8-(2-fluorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-phenyl-5, 8-dihydro-1 H, 3 H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1, 7(4H)-dione, 8-(2-aminophenyl)-5, 8-dihydro-1 H, 3 H-difuro [3,4-b: 3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-[2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(2-chlorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1 H,3H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1 H,3H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5, 8-dihydro-1 H, 3 H-difuro [3,4-b: 3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(2-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(4-nitrophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1 H,3H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(3-chlorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1 H,3H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(2-nitrophenyl)=5,8'-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl-3,4,5,6,7,10-hexahydro-1 H,9H-dipyrano [4,3-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1, 9-dione, 6, 6-dimethyl-9-phenyl-5, 6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro [3,4-b] quinoline-1, 8 (3 H,4H)-dione, 9-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, 9-(3-methoxyphenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, 9-(2-methoxyphenyl)-6,6-dimethyl-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, 6,6-dimethyl-9-(2-nitrophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, 6,6-dimethyl-9-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, and 9-[3-(benzyloxy)phenyl]-6,6-dimethyl-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione.

In another embodiment, the present invention discloses compounds having formula II:
p n H
II, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, or prodrug thereof wherein, n, n', A, A', Rl, Rb~, and R7. are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula IT
wherein, A is NR2; A' is NR2~; n' is 1; and n, Rl, R2, RZ~, R6~, and R7~ axe as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula II
wherein, to A is NR2; A' is O; n' is 1; and n, Rl, R2, R6~, and R7~ are as defined in formula I. ' In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula. II
wherein, A is NR2; A' is S; n' is l; and n, Rl, R2, R6~, and R~~ are as defined in formula I. ' ~ . . , In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula II
wherein, A is NR2; A' is CR4~R5; n'~is 1; and n, Rl, R2, R4~, RS~, R6~, and R7. are as defined in formula I.
15 In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula II
wherein, A is O; A' is NR2; n' is l; and n, Rl, R2~, R6~, and R7~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula II
wherein, A is O; A' is O; n' is 1; and n, Rl, R6~, and R7. are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula II
wherein, 2o A is O; A' is S; n' is 1; and n, Rl, R6~, and R7~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula II
wherein, A is O; A' is CR4~R5,; n' is l; and n, Rl, R~~, RS~, R6~, and R~~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula II
wherein, A is S; A' is NR2; n' is 1; and n, Rl, RZ~, R6~, and R7. are as defined in formula I.
~5 In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula II
wherein, A is S; A' is O; n' is l; and n, Rl, R6~, and R7~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula II
wherein, A is S; A' is S; n' is 1; and n, Rl, R6~, and R7. are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula II
wherein, 3o A is S; A' is CR4~R5; n' is 1; and n, Rl, R4., RS., Rb~, and R~~ are as defined in formula I.

In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula II
wherein, A is NR2; A' is NR2 ; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R2, R2~, R6~, and R~~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula II
wherein, A is NR2; A' is O; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R2, R6., and R7~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula II
wherein, A is NR2; A' is S; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R2, R6~, and R7~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula II
wherein, A is NR2; A' is CR4~R5~; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R4~, RS., R6~, and R7~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula II
wherein, to A is O; A' is NR2; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R2., R6~, and R~~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula II
wherein, A is O; A' is O; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R6~, and R7~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula II
wherein, A is O; A' is S; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R6~, and R7. are as defined in formula I.
' 15 In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula II
wherein, A is O; ~A' is CR4~R5 ; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R4~, RS~,, Rb~, and R~~ are as defined in formula I: . ' .
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula'II
wherein, A is S; A' is NR2 ; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R2., R6~, and R~~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula II
wherein, 20 A is S; A' is O; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R6~, and R7~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula II
wherein, A is S; A' is S; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R6~, and R7~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula II
wherein, A is S; A' is CR4~R5 ; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R4~, RS~, R6~, and R7~ are as defined in formula I.

In another embodiment, the present invention discloses compounds having formula III:
O R~ O
~n ' H Rs, n. R7.
III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, or prodrug thereof wherein, n, n', A, A', Rl, R6~, and R~~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is NR2; A' is NR2; n' is 1; and n, Rl, R2, RZ~, R6~, and R7~ are as defined in formula I.
to In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is NRZ; A' is NRZ; n' is l; n is 1; R6~ is hydrogen; R7. is hydrogen; and Rl, R2, and R2. are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formulae III
rwherein, A is NR2; A' is O; n' is 1; and n, Rl, R2, R6~, and R7~ are as defined in formula I
~ y In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is NRZ; A' is O; n' is 1; n is 1; R6~ is hydrogen; R7. is hydrogen;
and Rl and R2 are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is NR2; A' is S; n' is 1; and n, Rl, R2, R6~, and R~~ are as defined in formula I.
2o In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is NR2; A' is CR4~R5 ; n' is 1; and n, Rl, R2, R4~, RS., R6~, and R7. are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is NRa; A' is CR4~R5 ; n' is 1; n is l; R6. is hydrogen; R~~ is hydrogen; and Rl, R2, R4~, and RS~, axe as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is NRa; A' is CR4~R5; n' is 1; n is 2; R6~ is hydrogen; R~~ is hydrogen; and Rl, R2, R4~, and RS., are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is O; A' is NRZ; n' is 1; and n, Rl, R2~, R6~, and R~~ are as defined in formula I.

In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is O; A' is O; n' is 1; and n, Rl, R6~, and R7. are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is O; A' is O; n' is l; n is l; R~~ is hydrogen; R7~ is hydrogen;
and Rl is as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is O; A' is S; n' is 1; and n, Rl, R6~, and R7~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is O; A' is CR4~R5 ; n' is 1; and n, Rl, R4~, RS~, R6~, and R7. are as defined in formula 1o I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is O; A' is CR4~R5; n' is 1; n is 1; R6~ is hydrogen; R7~ is hydrogen; and Rl, R4~, and R5. are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is O; A' is CR4~R5; n' is 1; n is 2; R6~ is hydrogen; R~~ is hydrogen; and Rl, R4., and RS~ axe as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, °compounds have formula III
wherein, A is S; A' is NR2; n' is l; and n, Rl, R2., R6~, and R7. are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
2o wherein, A is S; A' is O; n' is l; and n, Rl, R6~, and R~~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is S; A' is S; n' is 1; and n, Rl, R6~, and R~~ axe as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is S; A' is CR4~R5~; n' is l; and n, Rl, R4., RS~, R6~, and R7. are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is NR2; A' is NR2; n' is 2; and n, Rl, RZ, Ra~, Rb~, and R~~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is NR2; A' is NR2 ; n' is 2; n is 2; R6~ is hydrogen; R7~ is hydrogen; and Rl, RZ, and R2. axe as defined in formula I.

In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is NR2; A' is O; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R2, R6~, and R7. are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is NR2; A' is S; n' is 2; and n,. R1; Rz,-R6~, and R7~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is NR2; A' is CR4~R5 ; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R2, R4~, RS~, R6~, and R7~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is NR2; A' is CR4~R5~; n' is 2; n is 1; R6. is hydrogen; R7. is hydrogen; and Rl, R2, 1 o Rø~, and R5. are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is NR2; A' is CR4~R5 ; n' is 2; n is 2; R6~ is hydrogen; R~~ is hydrogen; and Rl, R2, R4~, and R5. are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
15 wherein, A is O; A' is NR2; n' is 2; and n, Rl, RZ~, R6~, and R7~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is O;. A' is O; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R6~, and Rya are. as defined in formula I
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is O; A' is O; n' is 2; n is 1; R6~ and R7~ are hydrogen; and Rl is as defined in 2o formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is O; A' is O; n' is 2; n is 2; R6~ and R7. are hydrogen; and RI is as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
25 wherein, A is O; A' is S; n' is 2; and n, Rl, Rb~, and R~~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is O; A' is CR4~R5 ; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R4~, RS., R6~, and R~~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
30 wherein, A is O; A' is CR4~R5 ; n' is 2; n is 1; Rb~ is hydrogen; R~~ is hydrogen; and Rl, R4., and R5. are as defined in formula I.

In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is O; A' is CR4~R5; n' is 2; n is l; R4~ is hydrogen; R5~ is hydrogen; R6. is hydrogen;
R~~ is hydrogen; and Rl is as defined~in formula I.
In another embodiment of the.present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is O; A' is CR4~R5~; n' is~2; n is 1; R4~ is methyl; R5. is methyl;
R6~ is hydrogen; R~
is hydrogen; and Rl is as defined in foimula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is O; A' is CR4~R5~; n' is 2; n is 2; Rb~ is hydrogen; R7. is hydrogen; and Rl, R4., and R5~ are as defined in formula I.
to In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is S; A' is NR2; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R2~, R6~, and R~~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
wherein, A is S; A' is O; n' is 2; and n, Rl, Rb~, and R7~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula III
15 wherein, A is S; A' is S; n' is 2; and n, Rl, Rs~, and R7. are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present .invention, compounds have formula. III
wherein, A is S; A' is CR4~R5~; n' is 2; and n; RIv;~Rq~,.RS~, R6~, and R~~
are as defined.iri formula I.
2o In another embodiment, the present invention discloses compounds having formula IV:
O R~ O O
R4' A' 1I N~~ ~~R5, n H R6 n, R7, IV, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, or prodrug thereof wherein, n, n', A, R1, 25 R4~ and RS~, R6~, and R7~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula IV
wherein, A is NR2; n' is 1; and n, Rl, R2, R4~, RS~, Rb~, and R7. are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula IV
wherein, A is NR2; n' is 1; n is 1; R6~ is hydrogen; R7~ is hydrogen; and Rl, R2, R4~, and R5~ are 30 as defined in formula I.

In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula IV
wherein, A is NRZ; n' is 1; n is 2; R6~ is hydrogen; R~~ is hydrogen; Rl, R2, R4., RS., are as defined in formula I. , .
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula IV .
wherein, A is O; n' is 1; arid n, Rl, R4~, RS~, R6~, and R7~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula IV
wherein, A is S; n' is 1; and n, Rl, R4.~, RS~, R6~, and R7~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula IV
wherein, A is NR2; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R2, R4~, RS~, R6~, and R~~ are as defined in formula I
l0 In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula IV
wherein, A is NRZ; n' is 2; n-is' 1; R6~ is hydrogen; R7~ is hydrogen; and Rl, R2, R4~, and RS~~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula IV
wherein, A is O; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R4~, RS~, R6~, and R7~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula IV
:wherein, A is O; n' is 2; n is ,1; R6~: is hydrogen; R7. is hydrogen; and RlR4~, and R5~ are as defined in formula I. . ; . . , In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula IV
wherein, A is S; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R4~, RS~, R6~, and R7~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment, the present invention discloses compounds having formula V
O
n H
V, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, or prodrug thereof wherein, n, n', A, A', Rl, R6~, and R7~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula V
wherein, A is NR2; A' is NR2~; n' is l; and n, Rl, RZ, R2~, Rb~, and R~~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula V
wherein, 3o A is NR2; A' is O; n' is 1; and n, Rl, R2, R6., and R7. are as defined in formula I.

In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula V
wherein, A is NR2; A' is S; n' is 1; and n, Rl, R2, R6~, and R7. are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula V
wherein, A is NR2; A' is CI~~RS; n' is 1; and n, Rl, RZ, R4~, RS~, R6~, and R~~ are as defined in formula T:
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula V
wherein, A is O; A' is NR2~; n' is 1; and n, Rl, R2., R6~, and R~~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula V
wherein, A is O; A' is O; n' is 1; and n, Rl, R6~, and R7. are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula V
wherein, l0 A is O; A' is S; n' is .1; and n, Rl, Rg,, and R~~ are as defined in formula I
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula V
wherein, A is O; A' is CR4~R5~; n' is l; and n, Rl, R4~, RS~, R6~, and R7. are as defined in formula I. ° ' In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula V
wherein, A is S; A' is NR2; n' is 1; and n, Rl, RZ~, R6~, and R7~ are as defined in formula I.
15 In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula V
wherein, A is S; A' is O; n' is:l;,~and.ri;~Rl;~R6~,. and R7, are as defined in formula I. . . .
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula V
wherein, ~~
A is S; A' is S; n' is 1; and n, Rl, Rg~, and R7~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula V
wherein, 2o A is S; A' is CR4~R5~; n' is 1; and n, Rl, R4~, RS~, R6~, and R7~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula V
wherein, A is NRZ; A' is NR2 ; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R2, RZ~, R6~, aald R~~ axe as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula V
wherein, A is NRZ; A' is O; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R2, R6., and R~~ axe as defined in formula I.
25 In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula V
wherein, A is NR2; A' is S; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R2, R6~, and R7. are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula V
wherein, A is NR2; A' is CR4~R5 ; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R2, R4., RS~, R6~, and R~~ axe as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula V
wherein, 30 A is O; A' is NR2; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R2~, R6~, and R7~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula V
wherein, A is O; A' is O; n' is 2; and n, Rl, Rb~, and~R~~ axe as defined in formula I.

In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula' V
wherein, A is O; A' is S; n' is 2; and n, Rl, Rb~, and R7. are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula V
wherein, A, is'O: A' is CR~~RS~; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R4., RS~, R6~, and R~~ are as defined in formula L
w. In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have forinula'V
wherein, A is SA' is NRZ; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R2., R6~, and R7. are as defined in formula I
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula" V
wherein, A is S; A' is O; n' is 2; and n, Rl, Rb~, and R7. are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula V
wherein, to A. is S; A' is S; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R6~, and R~~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula: V
wherein, A is S; A' is CR4~R5 ; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R4~, RS~, R6~, and R~~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment, the present invention discloses compounds having formula VI:
R~. O"~ . , .
., , . , . A ~~ I ,.\~~RS, .
n H R6, n, R~, VI, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, or prodrug thereof wherein, n, n', A, Rl, R4~, RS~, R6~, and R7~ are as defined in formula I.
2o In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula VI
wherein, A is NR2; n' is 1; and n, Rl, R2, R4~, RS~, R6~, and R7~ axe as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula VI
wherein, A is O; n' is 1; and n, Rl, R4~, RS~, R6~, and R~~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula VI
wherein, A is S; n' is l; and n, Rl, R4~, RS~, R6~, and R~~ are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula VI
wherein, A is NR2; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R2, R4., RS., R6~, and R7. are as defined in formula I.
In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula VI
wherein, A is O; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R4~, RS., Rb~, and R7. are as defined in formula I.

In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds have formula VI
wherein, A is S; n' is 2; and n, Rl, R4~, RS~, R6~, and R7~ are as defined in formula I.
Another embodiment of the present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I-VI or a ~ . pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, or prodrug thereof in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
' Yet another embodiment of the invention relates to a method of treating hypertension comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I-VI
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, or prodrug thereof.
Yet another embodiment of the invention relates to a method of treating asthma, epilepsy, hypertension, Raynaud's syndrome, migraine, pain, eating disorders, urinary incontinence, functional bowel disorders, neurodegeneration, stroke, female sexual dysfunction including, but not limited to, female anorgasmia, clitoral erectile insufficiency, vaginal engorgement, dyspareunia, and vaginismus, and male sexual dysfunction including, but not limited to, male erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation comprising administering a therapeutically effecti~~e,amount of a compound of formula I:-V:I:including.8-[2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,7-dioxo-2,3,4~5,6,8-hexahydrodipyrrolo[3,4-b:3~---a]pyridine-2,6-dipropanoic acid; (8-.[2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,7-dioxo-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrodipyrrolo[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-2,6-ethyldipropanate; 8-[2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-6-methyl-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1H-faro[3,4-b]pyrrolo[3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione; 8-[2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2,6-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrodipyrrolo[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7-dione; 2,6-dimethyl-8-phenyl-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrodipyrrolo[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7-dione; 8-(3-nitrophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione; 8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione; 8-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione; 8-(4-iodophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione; 8-(4-bromophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione; 8-(3-bromophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione; 8-(2-fluorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-3o a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione; 8-phenyl-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione; 8-(2-aminophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione; 8-[2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-5, 8-dihydro-1 H,3 H-difuro [3 ,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1, 7(4H)-dione;

8-(2-chlorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione; 8-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione;
8-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione; 8-(2-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3;4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione; 8-(4-nitrophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione; 8-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione; 8-(3-chlorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione; 8-(2-nitrophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione; 3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl-3,4,5,6,7,10-hexahydro-1H,9H-dipyrano[4,3-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,9-dione;
6,6-1o dimethyl-9-phenyl-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione;
9-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione; 9-(3-methoxyphenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1;8(3H,4H)-dione; 9-(2-methoxyphenyl)-6,6-dimethyl-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione; 6,6-dimethyl-9-(2-nitrophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione; 6,6-dimethyl-9-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-. ~; :dione; and 9-[3-(benzyloxy)phenyl]-6,6-dimethyl-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[34-b]quinoline-1;8(3H,4H)-dione or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, arriide;~or prodrug thereof.
Definition of Terms 2o The term "alkenyl," as used herein, refers to a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon containing from 2 to 10 carbons and containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond formed by the removal of two hydrogens. Representative examples of alkenyl include, but are not limited to, ethenyl, 2-propenyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl, 3-butenyl, 4-pentenyl, 5-hexenyl, 2-heptenyl, 2-methyl-1-heptenyl, 3-decenyl and the like.
The term "alkoxy," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an oxy moiety, as defined herein.
Representative examples of alkoxy include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, 2-propoxy, butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy and the like.
The term "alkoxyalkoxy," as used herein, refers to an alkoxy group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through another alkoxy group, as defined herein.
Representative examples of alkoxyalkoxy include, but are not limited to, tert-butoxymethoxy, 2-ethoxyethoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, methoxymethoxy, and the like.

The term "alkoxyalkoxyalkyl," as used herein, refers to an alkoxyalkoxy group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group, as defined herein. Representative examples of alkoxyalkoxyalkyl include, but are not limited to, tert-butoxymethoxymethyl, ethoxymethoxymethyl,:(2-methoxyethoxy)methyl, 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl, and the like.
The term "alkoxyalkyl," as used herein, refers to an alkoxy group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group, as defined herein.
Representative examples of alkoxyalkyl include, but are not limited to, tert-butoxymethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, methoxymethyl, and the like.
to The term "alkoxycarbonyl," as used herein, refers to an alkoxy group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety.through a carbonyl group, as defined herein.
Representative examples of alkoxycarbonyl include, but are not limited to, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, tent-butoxycarbonyl, and the like.
The term "alkoxycarbonylalkyl,"'as used herein, refers to an alkoxycarbonyl group, as 15 defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group, as defined herein. Representative .examples of alkoxycarbonylalkyl include, but are not limited to,. 3-methoxycarbonylpropyl, 4-ethoxycarbonylbutyl, 2-tert-biztoxycarbonylethyl, and the like.
The term "alkyl," as used herein, refers to a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Representative examples of alkyl include, but are not 20 limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, 3-methylhexyl, 2,2-dimethylpentyl, 2,3-dimethylpentyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, and the like.
The term "alkylcarbonyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group, as defined herein.
25 Representative examples of alkylcarbonyl include, but are not limited to, acetyl, 1-oxopropyl, 2,2-dimethyl-1-oxopropyl, 1-oxobutyl, 1-oxopentyl, and the like.
The term "alkylcarbonylalkyl," as used herein, refers to an alkylcarbonyl group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group, as defined herein. Representative examples of alkylcarbonylalkyl include, but are not limited to, 2-30 oxopropyl, 3,3-dimethyl-2-oxopropyl, 3-oxobutyl, 3-oxopentyl, and the like.
The term "alkylcarbonyloxy," as used herein, refers to an alkylcarbonyl group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an oxy moiety, as defined herein. Representative examples of alkylcarbonyloxy include, but are not limited to, acetyloxy, ethylcarbonyloxy, tert-butylcarbonyloxy, and the like.
The term "alkylsulfinyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety,through a sulfinyl group, as defined herein.
Representative examples of alkylsulfinyl include, but are not limited, methylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, and the like The term "alkylsulfonyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfonyl group, as defined herein.
Representative examples of alkylsulfonyl include, but are not limited, methylsulfonyl, 1 o ethylsulfonyl, and the like.
The term "alkylthio," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through a thio moiety, as defined herein.
Representative examples of alkylthio include, but are not limited, methylsulfanyl, ethylsulfanyl, tert-butylsulfanyl, hexylsulfanyl, and the like.
15 The term "alkynyl," as used herein, refers to a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon group containing from 2 to 10 carbon atoms.arid containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. Representative examples of alkynyl include; but are not limited, to acetyleiiyl,. l-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 3-butynyl, 2-pentynyl, 1-butynyl and the like.
The term "aryl," as used herein, refers to a monocyclic carbocyclic ring system or a 2o bicyclic carbocyclic fused ring system having one or more aromatic rings.
Representative examples of aryl include, azulenyl, indanyl, indenyl, naphthyl, phenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, and the like.
The aryl groups of this invention can be substituted with l, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, 25 alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylthio, alkynyl, aryl, azido, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, aryloxy, carboxy, cyano, formyl, halogen, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, mercapto, nitro, sulfo, sulfonate, -NR8oR81 (wherein, R8o and R81 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl and formyl), and -C(O)NR82R83 (wherein, R82 and R83 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, 3o and arylalkyl).
The term "arylalkoxy," as used herein, refers to an aryl group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkoxy group, as defined herein.

Representative examples of arylalkoxy include, but are not limited to, 2-phenylethoxy, 3-naphth-2-ylpropoxy, 5-phenylpentyloxy, and the like.
The term "arylalkoxycarbonyl," as used herein, refers to an arylalkoxy group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group, as defined herein. Representative examples of arylalkoxycarbonyl include, but are not limited to, benzyloxycarbonyl, naphth-2-ylmethoxycarbonyl, and the like.
The term "arylalkyl," as used herein, refers to an aryl group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group, as defined herein.
Representative examples of arylalkyl include, but are not limited to, benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, 3-1 o phenylpropyl, 2-naphth-2-ylethyl, and the like.
The term "arylcarbonyl;" as used' herein, refers to an aryl group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group, as defined herein.
Representative examples of arylcarbonyl include, but are not limited to, benzoyl, naphthoyl;
and the like.
15 The term "aryloxy," as used herein, refers to an aryl group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moietyahrough an oxy moiety, as defined herein.
~. Representative examples of aryloxy include., but are not limited to, phenoxy;:naphthyloxy, 3-bromophenoxy, 4-chlorophenoxy, 4-methylphenoxy, 3,5-dimethoxyphenoxy, and the like.
The term "aryloxyalkyl," as used herein, refers to an aryloxy group, as defined herein, 2o appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group, as defined herein.
Representative examples of aryloxyalkyl include, but are not limited to, 2-phenoxyethyl, 3-naphth-2-yloxypropyl, 3-bromophenoxymethyl, and the like.
The term "azido," as used herein, refers to a -N3 group.
The term "carbonyl," as used herein, refers to a -C(O)- group.
25 The term "carboxy," as used herein, refers to a -C02H group.
The term "carboxyalkyl," as used herein, refers to a carboxy group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group, as defined herein.
Representative examples of carboxyalkyl include, but are not limited to, carboxymethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, 3-carboxypropyl, and the like.
30 The term "cyano," as used herein, refers to a -CN group.
The term "cyanoalkyl," as used herein, refers to a cyano group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group, as defined herein.

Representative examples of cyanoalkyl include, but are not limited to, cyanomethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, 3-cyanopropyl, and the like.
The term "cycloalkyl," as used herein, refers to a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon group containing from 3 to ~ carbons. Representative examples of cycloalkyl include, but are not -limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl and the .
like.
The term "cycloalkylalkyl," as used herein, refers to cycloalkyl group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group, as defined herein.
Representative examples of cycloalkylalkyl include, but are not limited to, l0 cyclopropylmethyl, 2-cyclobutylethyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl and 4-cycloheptylbutyl, and the like.
The term "formyl," as used herein, refers to a -C(O)H group.
The term "halo" or "halogen," as used herein, refers to -Cl, -Br, -I or -F.
The term "haloalkoxy," as used herein, refers to at least one halogen, as defined 15 herein, appended to the. parent molecular moiety through an alkoxy group, as defined herein.
., Representative example~:of haloalkoxy include, but are not limited to, chloromethoxy, 2,2,2- ,.
trifluoroethoxy, trifluoromethoxy; ~.pentafluoroethoxy~ and the like.
The term "haloalkyl," as used herein, refers to at least one halogen, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group, as defined herein.
2o Representative examples of haloalkyl include, but are not limited to, chloromethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2-chloro-3-fluoropentyl, and the like.
The term "heterocycle," as used herein, refers to a monocyclic- or a bicyclic-ring system. Monocyclic ring systems are exemplified by any 5- or 6-membered ring containing l, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. The 5-25 membered ring has from 0-2 double bonds and the 6-membered ring has from 0-3 double bonds. Representative examples of monocyclic ring systems include, but are not limited to, azetidine, azepine, aziridine, diazepine, 1,3-dioxolane, dioxane, dithiane, furan, imidazole, imidazoline, imidazolidine, isothiazole, isothiazoline, isothiazolidine, isoxazole, isoxazoline, isoxazolidine, morpholine, oxadiazole, oxadiazoline, oxadiazolidine, oxazole, oxazoline, 30 oxazolidine, piperazine, piperidine, pyran, pyrazine, pyrazole, pyrazoline, pyrazolidine, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrrole, pyrroline, pyrrolidine, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrothiophene, tetrazine, tetrazole, thiadiazole, thiadiazoline, thiadiazolidine, thiazole, thiazoline, thiazolidine, thiophene, thiomorpholine, thiomorpholine sulfone, thiopyran, triazine, triazole, trithiane, and the like. Bicyclic ring systems are exemplified by any of the above monocyclic ring systems fused to an aryl group as defined herein, a cycloalkyl group as defined herein, or another monocyclic ring system as defined herein.
Representative examples of bicyclic ring systems include but are not limited to, for example;
benzimidazole, benzothiazole, benzothiadiazole, benzothiophene, benzoxadiazole, benzoxazole, benzofuran, benzopyran, benzothiopyran, benzodioxine, 1,3-benzodioxole, cinnoline, indazole, indole, indoline, indolizine, naphthyridine, isobenzofuran, isobenzothiophene, isoindole, isoindoline, isoquinoline, phthalazine, pyranopyridine, quinoline, quinolizine, quinoxaline, quinazoline, to ~ tetrahydroisoquinoline, tetrahydroquinoline, thiopyranopyridine, and the like.
The heterocycle groups of this invention can be substituted with 1, 2,or 3 substituents independently selected from alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy, alkoxyalkyl;
alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylcaxbonyloxy, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylthio, alkynyl, aryl, azido, arylalkoxy, arylalkoxycaxbonyl, arylalkyl, aryloxy, carboxy, cyano, formyl, halogen, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, mercapto, vitro, sulfo, sulfonate,. -NR8oR81 (wherein, R8o and R81 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl; . ~ , alkylcarbonyl, aiyi, arylalkyl and formyl), and -C(O)NR82R83 (wherein, R8z and R83 are . . r~
independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, and arylalkyl).
The term "heterocyclealkyl," as used herein, refers to a heterocycle, as defined herein, 2o appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group, as defined herein.
Representative examples of heterocyclealkyl include, but are not limited to, pyrid-3-ylmethyl, 2-pyrimidin-2-ylpropyl, and the like.
The term "hydroxy," as used herein, refers to an -OH group.
The term "hydroxyalkyl," as used herein, refers to a hydroxy group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkyl group, as defined herein.
Representative examples of hydroxyalkyl include, but are not limited to, hydroxymethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 2-ethyl-4-hydroxyheptyl, and the like.
The term "lower alkyl," as used herein, refers to a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon group containing from 1-to-4 carbon atoms. Representative examples of lower 3o alkyl include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, tent-butyl, and the like.
The term "mercapto," as used herein, refers to a -SH group.

The term "nitro," as used herein, refers to a -N02 group.
The term "N-protecting group" or "nitrogen protecting group,"as used herein, refers to ,those groups intended to protect an amino group against undesirable reactions during . , synthetic procedures. N-protecting groups comprise carbamates, amides including those containing hetero arylgroups, N-alkyl derivatives, amino acetal derivatives; N-benzyl derivatives, imine derivatives, enamine derivatives and N-heteroatom derivatives. Preferred N-protecting groups are formyl, acetyl, benzoyl, pivaloyl, phenylsulfonyl, benzyl, triphenylmethyl (trityl), t-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc), benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz), and the like.
. Commonly used N-protecting groups are disclosed in T.H. Greene and P.G.M.
Wuts, to Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1991), which is hereby incorporated by reference.
The term "-NZ1Z2," as used herein, refers to two groups, Z1 and Z?, which are appended to the parent molecular moiety through a nitrogen atom. Z1 and Z2 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, and formyl.
Representative examples of -NZ1Z2 include, but are not limited to, amino, benzylamino, methylamino, acetylamino, acetylmethylamino, and the. like. ... . . , .
The term "oxo~" as used herein, refers. to .a =O moiety. .
The term "oxy," as used herein, refers to a -O- moiety.
The term "sulfinyl," as used herein, refers to a -S(O)- group.
2o The term "sulfo," as used herein, refers to a -S03H group.
The term "sulfonate," as used herein, refers to -S(O)20R96 group, wherein R96 is selected from alkyl, aryl, and arylalkyl, as defined herein.
The term "sulfonyl," as used herein, refers to a -S02- group.
The term "thio," as used herein, refers to a -S- moiety.
The term "pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs" as used herein represents those prodrugs of the compounds of the present invention which are, within the scope of sound medical judgement, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response, and the like, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio, and effective for their intended use, as well as the zwitterionic 3o forms, where possible, of the compounds of the invention. Prodrugs of the present invention may be rapidly transformed in vivo to the parent compound of the above formula, for example, by hydrolysis in blood. A thorough discussion is provided in (T.
Higuchi and V.

Stella, Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems, V. 14 of the A.C.S. Symposium Series, and in Edward B. Roche, ed., Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design, American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press (1987)).
The present invention contemplates pharmaceuticallyactive metabolites formed by in ° vivo biotransformation of compounds of formula I-VI. The term pharmaceutically active metabolite, as used herein, refers to a compound formed by the in vivo biotransformation of compounds of formula I-VI. A thorough discussion of biotransformation is provided in Goodman and Gilman's, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, seventh edition.
Compounds of the present invention may exist as stereoisomers wherein asymmetric or chiral centers are present. These stereoisomers are "R" or "S" -depending on the configuration of substituents around the chiral carbon atom. The present invention contemplates various stereoisomers and mixtures thereof. Stereoisomers include enantiomers and diastereomers, and mixtures of enantiomers or diastereomers. Individual stereoisomers of compounds of the present invention may be prepared synthetically from commercially 15, available starting materials which contain asymmetric or chiral centers or by preparation of racemic mixtures followed by resolution.well-known to those of ordinary skill~iri.the art.
These methods of resolution are exemplified by (1) attachment of a mixture of enantiomers to a chiral auxiliary, separation of the resulting mixture of diastereomers by recrystallization or chromatography and liberation of the optically pure product from the auxiliary or (2) direct 2o separation of the mixture of optical enantiomers on chiral chromatographic columns.
Preferred compounds of formula I include, but are not limited to:
9-(4-chloro-3-methylphenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, 9-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)-5, 6,7, 9-tetrahydrofuro [3,4-b] quinoline-1, 8 (3 H,4H)-dione, 25 9-[4-fluoro-3-(2-fiuyl)phenyl]-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, 9-(3-bromo-4-methylphenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, 9-(2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-5-yl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro [3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-30 dione, 9-(3-bromo-4-chlorophenyl)-5, 6,7, 9-tetrahydrofuro [3,4-b] quinoline-1, 8 (3 H,4H)-dione, 9-[3-bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1, 8 (3 H,4H)-dione, 9-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1, 8 (3 H,4H)-dione, .
9-(4-bromo-3 -chlorophenyl)-5,6,7, 9-tetrahydrofuro [3,4-b] quinoline-1, 8 (3 H,4H)-dione, 9-(4-bromo-3-methylphenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, 9-(3-iodo-4-methylphenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, l0 9-[3-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, 9-(5-bromo-4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro [3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, 9-[3-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro [3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, 9-[3-iodo-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4=b]quinoline- .
... 1,8(3H,4H)-dione, ~ , .. .
9-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-5-yl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, 2o 8-(3,4-dibromophenyl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1 H-cyclopenta[b]faro [3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, 8-(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1 H-cyclopenta[b]faro[3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, 8-(4-fluoro-3-iodophenyl)-4, 5, 6, 8-tetrahydro-1 H-cyclopenta[b] faro [3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, 8-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]faro[3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, 8-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1 H-cyclopenta[b]faro [3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, 3 0 8-(4-chloro-3 -methylphenyl)-4, 5,6, 8-tetrahydro-1 H-cyclopenta[b] faro [3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, 8-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1 H-cyclopenta[b]faro [3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, 8-[4-fluoro-3-(2-furyl)phenyl]-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]faro[3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, 8-(3-bromo-4-methylphenyl)-4,5;6,8-tetrahydro-IH-cyclopenta[b]faro[3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, 8-(2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-5-yl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1 H-cyclopenta[b]faro[3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, 8-(3-bromo-4-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1 H-cyclopenta[b]faro [3,4-a]pyridine-l0 1,7(3H)-dione, 8-[3-bromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1 H-cyclopenta[b]faro[3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, 8-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]faro[3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, 8-(4-bromo-3-chlorophenyl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1 H-cyclopenta[b]faro [3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione,. ,., . . , 8-(4-bromo-3-methylphenyl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1 H-cyclopenta[b]faro[3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, 8-(3-iodo-4-methylphenyl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1 H-cyclopenta[b]faro [3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, 8-[3-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]faro[3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, 8-(5-bromo-4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1 H-cyclopenta[b]faro [3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, 8- [3-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4, 5, 6, 8-tetrahydro-1 H-cyclopenta[b] faro [3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, 8-[3-iodo-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4, 5, 6, 8-tetrahydro-1 H-cyclopenta[b]
faro [3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, and 8-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-5-yl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1 H-cyclopenta[b]faro [3,4-3o a]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, or prodrug thereof.
More preferred compounds of formula I include, but are not limited to:

8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrodipyrrolo[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7-dione, 8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrodipyrrolo[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7-dione, 8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrolo[3,4-a]pyridine-1,7-dione, 8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-ethyl-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrolo[3,4-a]pyridine-1,7-dione, 8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1 H,3H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-to dione, 8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-4;5,6,8-tetrahydro-1 H-cyclopenta[b]faro[3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, 8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrolo[3,4-a]pyridine-1,7-dione, 15 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1 H-pyrrolo [3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione, . .
.; .9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-ethyl-2;3~5,6,7;:9-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3.,4-.
b] quinoline-1, 8 (4H)-dione, 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro [3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-20 dione, 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1 H-pyrrolo [3,4-b]quinoline-1, 8 (4H)-dione, 8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrolo[3,4-a]pyridine-1,7-dione hydrochloride, 25 8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrolo[3,4-a]pyridine-1,7-dione hydrochloride, 9-(3 -bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2, 3, 5,6,7, 9-hexahydro-1 H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione, (9R)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1 H-pyrrolo [3,4-3o b]quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione, (9R)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, (9R)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1 H-pyrrolo [3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione, (9 S)-9-(3 -bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-5, 6,7, 9-tetrahydrofuro [3,4-b] quinoline-1, 8 (3 H,4H)-dione, (9S)-9-(3-bromo-4=fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1 H-pyrrolo[3,4-b] quinoline-1, 8 (4H)-dione~
(9S)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinoline-1, 8 (4H)-dione, 9-(3-cyanophenyl)-2-methyl-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinoline-1, 8 (4H)-dione, 8-(3-bromo-4'-fluorophenyl)-6-methyl-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydro-7H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]thieno[2,3-a]pyridin-7-one 1,1-dioxide, 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b] [1,6]naphthyridine-1,8(2H)-dione, 10-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,6,7,8,10-hexahydrobenzo [b] [1,6]naphthyridine-1,9(2H,5H)-dione, (9 S)-9-(4-fluoro-3-iodophenyl)-5; 6 ~ 7~9-tetrahydrofuro [3 ,4-b] quinoline-1, 8 (3 H,4H)-dione, 10-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,6,7,8,10-hexahydropyrido[4,3-b]
[1,6]naphthyridine-1,9(2H,5H)-dione, 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-7-methyl-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]thiopyrano[2,3-a]pyridin-8(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide, 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,6,9-tetrahydro-2H-faro [3,4-b]thiopyrano [2,3-a]pyridin-8(5H)-one 1,1-dioxide, (8R)-8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrolo[3,4-a]pyridine-1,7-dione, (9 S)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,6,9-tetrahydro-2H-faro [3,4-b]thiopyrano [2,3-a]pyridin-8(SH)-one 1,1-dioxide, (8S)-8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-2,3,4,5,6,8-3o hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrolo[3,4-a]pyridine-1,7-dione, (9R)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,6,9-tetrahydro-2H-faro[3,4-b]thiopyrano[2,3-a]pyridin-8(5H)-one 1,1-dioxide, 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione, (9R)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H- ~
. .
pyrrolo [3,4-b] quinoline-1, 8 (4H)-dione, (9S)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1 H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione, (9S)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-cyclopropyl-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1 H-pyrrolo [3 ,4-b] quinoline-1, 8 (4H)-dione, 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydrothieno[3,2-b]
[1,6]naphthyridin-l0 8(4H)-one l,l-dioxide, (9R)-9-(4-fluoro-3-iodophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, (9R)-9-(3 -chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-5, 6, 7, 9-tetrahydrofuro [3,4-b]quinoline-1, 8 (3 H,4H)-dione, 9-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1 H-cyclopenta[b] [1,6]naphthyridine-1,8(2H)-dione 9-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluorom~thyl)phenyl]-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1 H- .
cyclopenta[b] [1,6]naphthyridine-1,8(2H)-dione, 9-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1 H-2o cyclopenta[b][1,6]naphthyridine-1,8(2H)-dione, 9-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1 H-cyclopenta[b]
[1,6]naphthyridine-1,8(2H)-dione, 9-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3,4, 5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1 H-cyclopenta[b] [ 1, 6] naphthyridine-1, 8 (2H)-dione, 9-(3,4-dibromophenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1 H-cyclopenta[b] [
1,6]naphthyridine-1, 8 (2H)-dione, 9-(3-cyanophenyl)-3,4, 5, 6, 7, 9-hexahydro-1 H-cyclopenta[b] [ 1, 6]
naphthyridine-1, 8 (2H)-dione, 9-(5-chloro-2-thienyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]
[1,6]naphthyridine-1,8(2H)-dione, 9-(3-nitrophenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b][1,6]naphthyridine- .
1, 8 (2H)-dione, 9-(5-nitro-2-thienyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]
[1,6]naphthyridine-1,8(2H)-dione, 9: (5-nitro-3-thienyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b][1,6]naphthyridine-1,8(2H)-dione, 9-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro [3,4-b]quinoline--1,8(3H,4H)-dione, 9-(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, 8-[4-fluoro-3-(2-furyl)phenyl]-5,8-dihydro-1 H,3H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, (8S)-8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]faro[3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, (8R)-8-(3 -bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-4, 5,6, 8-tetrahydro-1 H-cyclopenta [b] faro [3,4=
a]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, 8-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5,8-dihydro-1 H,3H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, (9S)-9-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline- . ..
1,8(3H,4H)-dione, , (9R)-9-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, 8-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(4-methyl-3-nitrophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1 H,3 H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, (9S)-9-(3,4-dibromophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, (9R)-9-(3,4-dibromophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, (9S)-9-(4-methyl-3-nitrophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, 3 0 (9R)-9-(4-methyl-3-nitrophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro [3,4-b] quinoline-1, 8 (3 H,4H)-dione, (9S)-9-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, (9R)-9-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5, 6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro [3,4-b] quinoline-.1., 8 (3 H,4H)-dione, (9S)-9-(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, (9R)-9-(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, (9S)-9-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, (9R)-9-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, (8 S)-8-(4-methyl-3-nitrophenyl)-4,5,6, 8-tetrahydro-1 H-cyclopenta[b] faro [3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, (8R)-8-(4-methyl-3-nitrophenyl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]faro[3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, :,:(8S)-8.-(3;4-dichlorophenyl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]faro[3,4-a]pyridixie~
1,7(3H)-dione; . ., . ~ . , .
(8R)-8-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1 H-cyclopenta[b]faro [3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, (8S)-8-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1 H-cyclopenta[b]faro[3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, (8R)-8-[4-fluoro-3 -(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4, 5, 6, 8-tetrahydro-1 H-cyclopenta[b]faro[3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, (9S)-9-(3-bromo-4-methylphenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, (9R)-9-(3 -bromo-4-methylphenyl)-5,6, 7, 9-tetrahydrofuro [3,4-b] quinoline-1, 8 (3 H,4H)-dione, 8-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(3,4-dibromophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(3-bromo-4-methylphenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-[4-chloro-3 -(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5, 8-dihydro-1 H,3 H-difuro [3,4-b:3, a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, ~ 8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1H-faro[3;4-b]pyrrolo[3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, 2-(2-aminoethyl)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione, 8-(4-bromo-3-methylphenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1 H,3H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-. 1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(4-fluoro-3-isopropenylphenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1 H,3H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, (9S)-2-(2-aminoethyl)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1 H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione, 8-(3 -iodo-4-methylphenyl)-5, 8-dihydro-1 H, 3 H-difuxo [3,4-b: 3,4-e]
pyridine-1, 7(4H)-done; :.- ~ . ..
(-) 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]c~uinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, (+) 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, 8-[3-(2-fiuyl)-4-methylphenyl]-5, 8-dihydro-1 H,3 H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrano[3,4-a]pyridine-1, 8-dione, 10-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,6,7,8,10-hexahydro-1 H-pyrano [4,3-b]quinoline-1,9(SH)-dione, 10-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3,4,6,7,8,10-hexahydro-1H-pyrano[4,3-b]quinoline-1,9(SH)-dione, 9-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrano[3,4-a]pyridine-1,8-dione, 10-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,10-hexahydro-1 H,9H-dipyrano[4,3-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,9-dione, 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-4,5,6,9-tetrahydro-1 H-faro [3 ,4-b]pyrano [3,4-a]pyridine-1,8(3H)-dione, 8-(4-fluoro-3-iodophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(4-bromo-3-chlorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1 H,3H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-[4-fluoro-3-(3-furyl)phenyl]-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-[4-fluoro-3-(2-thienyl)phenyl]-5,8-dihydro-1 H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-l0 1,7(4H)-dione, and 8-(3-bromo-4-chlorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H;3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, or prodrug thereof.
Preparation of Compounds of The Invention 15 The compounds and processes of the present invention will be better understood in .. .connection with the following synthetic schemes and methods which.illustrate a means by . . which the compounds of the' invention can be prepared. . . '.
The compounds of this invention can be prepared by a variety of synthetic routes.
Representative procedures are shown in Schemes 1-41.
2o Scheme 1 R~ R~ O R~ O
Et02C C02Et Et02C C02Et R2NH2 NBS I I (3) R2N ll ~NR2, N MeOH N ~ J~/N
( ) Br (2) Br R2,-R2 (4) R~ O R~ O
Et02C C02Et ~ gp °C
-' O ~ ~ O
N neat N
H H
Br (2) Br (5) Dihydropyridines of general formula (4), wherein R2=R2~ and Rl and R2 are as defined in formula I, can be prepared as described in Scheme 1. Diester (1), prepared by the Hantzsch reaction (Singer, A. And McElvain, S.M., Org. Synth., Coll. Vol. II
(1943) 214), 25 can be treated with with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) to provide dibrominated dihydropyridine (2). Dibrominated dihydropyridine (2) can be treated with a primary amine (R2NH2) or ammonia in a erotic solvent such as ethyl or methyl alcohol to provide dihydropyridines of general formula (4).
Dihydropyridines of general formula (5), wherein Rl is as defined in formula I, can be prepared by heating dibromide (2) neat at 180°C:
Scheme 2 O O R~ O
O O
v -OR + R~CHO + ~ EtOH RO

(7) H2N n. H ~-~n~
(8') .
O O O R~ O
RO I + R~CHO + EtOH RO
NH2 (~) O Vin' H n' (10) (11) (9) Brominating O R~ O R2NH2 O R~ O
agent RO I I (3) R2N
N
H ~n H n Br (12) (13) O R~ O
(12) 180 ° ,C O
neat H n' (14) Dihydropyridines of the general formula (13), wherein Rl, R~, and n' are as defined in l0 formula I, can be prepared as described in Scheme 2. (3-Keto esters of general formula (6), wherein R is lower alkyl, aldehydes of general formula (7), and cyclic enaminones of general formula (8) can be combined in ethanol with heat to provide dihydropyridines of general formula (9). Dihydropyridines of general formula (9) can be prepared using an alternate method. 3-Aminocrotonates of general formula (10), wherein R is lower alkyl, aldehydes of general formula (7), and cyclic dicarbonyls of general formula (11) can be combined and heated in ethanol to provide dihydropyridines of general formula (9).
Dihydropyridines of general formula (9) can be treated with a brominating agent such as pyridinium tribromide in pyridine/chloroform or NBS in a solvent such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or chloroform to provide bromomethyl dihydropyridines of general formula (12).
Bromomethyl dihydropyridines of general formula (12) can be treated with a primary amine of general formula (3) in an alcoholic solvent to provide dihydropyridines of general formula (13).
Dihydropyridines of general formula (14), wherein Rl and n' are as defined in formula I, can be prepared by heating bromomethyl dihydropyridines of general formula (12) neat at 180 °C.
to Scheme 3 A + R CHO EtO~i A I I A' (15) O (7) N
H
(16) Dihydropyridines of the general formula (16), wherein A=A' and A is as defined in formula I, can be prepared as described in' Scheme 3. Dicarbonyl compounds of general formula (15) can be treated with aldehydes of general formula (7) in ammonia and ethanol to provide dihydropyridines of general formula (16). Some dicarbonyl compounds of general formula (15) may be prepared as described in (Nakagawa, S., Heterocycles 13 (1979) 477;
D'Angelo, J., Tetrahedron Letters 32 (1991) 3063.
Scheme 4 A, , ~ EtOH A, 1;
+ R1CH0 ~+

(15) O (7) (8) n H n (17) Dihydropyridines of the general formula (17), wherein A, Rl, and n' are as defined in formula I, can be prepared as described in Scheme 4. Dicarbonyl compounds of general formula (15), aldehydes of general formula (7), and cyclic enaminones of general formula (8) can be combined in ethanol and heated to provide dihydropyridines of the general formula 2s (17).

Scheme 5 O R~ O O R~ O
RO ~ ~ BCI3 HO
H n CH2CI2 H n, (9), (18) O R~ O- p R~ O
(18) 1 ) SOCI2 _ HO HO O
2) (+) or (-) _ O
mandelic acid ~
H~n' O H- lln, (19) (20) 1 ) ( ~ 2) 180 °C 1 ) I ~ 2) 180 °C
+ H Br3 + H Br3 or I or ' 2) R2NH2 1 ) ~ \ 2) R2NH2 + H -Br3 + H Br3 O R~ O O R~ O O R~ O O R~ O
O~ ~ R2N~ ~ O~ ~ R2N
H n, H n, H n. H n.
(22) or (23) (24) or (25) Dihydropyridines of general formula (22-25), wherein Rl, R2, and n' are as defined in formula I, can be prepared as described in Scheme 5. Dihydropyridines of general formula (9), from Scheme 2, can be treated with boron trichloride in methylene chloride to provide dihydropyridines of general formula (18). Dihydropyridines of general formula (18) can be treated with thionyl chloride and then (+) or (-) mandelic acid to provide diastereomers of general formula (19) and (20). Diastereomers of general formula (19) and (20) can be separated by column chromatography on silica gel. Each separated diastereomeric ester can l0 then be processed as described in Scheme 2 to provide enantiomeric dihydropyridines of general formula (22-25).
Enantiomeric dihydropyridines of general formula (22-25) can be prepared using an alternative method. Diastereomers of general formula (19) and (20) can be treated with MeOH/NaOMe to provide the trans esterified compounds. The methyl esters can then be treated as described in Scheme 2 to provide enantiomeric dihydropyridines of general formula (22-25).
In addition to the use of the method illustrated in Scheme 5, individual enantiomers of.
compounds of the present Invention may be also be separated by chiral chromatography.
Both of the aforementioned methods of obtaining single enantiomers of the invention may also be applied to the preparation of other compounds, the methods for the preparation of which appear in the Schemes 6-41.
Scheme 6 O Oa ~O O R~ O
RO I + R~CHO + S EtOH RO I I ~S~'O
(7) ~~n~
NH2 O H n' (10) (26) (27) O R~ O R~ O
(27) Scheme 2 RO ' , O S~'O Scheme 2 O I I ~S~'O
N-~~ , ~N~n~
H n Br H
(28) (29) O R~ O
(28) Scheme 2 R2N I I \S/~O
~N~n~
H
(30) Dihydropyridines of general formula (29) and (30), wherein Rl, RZ, acid n' are as defined in formula I, can be prepared as described in Scheme 6. 3-Aminocrotonates of general formula (10), wherein R is lower alkyl, aldehydes of general formula (7), and cyclic (3-keto sulfones of general formula (26) can be combined and heated in a solvent such as ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile or toluene to provide dihydropyridines of general formula (27). In the case where n'=l, an additional heating step at an elevated temperature in the presence or the absence of an acid such as hydrochloric acid or para-toluenesulfonic acid may be necessary to drive the reaction to completion. Dihydropyridines of general formula (27) 2o can be processed as described in Scheme 2, using reagents such as NBS, pyridinium tribromide or a similar brominating agent, to provide dihydropyridines of general formula (28). Dihydropyridines of general formula (28) can be processed as described in Scheme 2 to provide dihydropyridines of general formula (29) and (30). Dihydropyridines of general formula (27) may also be treated with chlorinating reagents such as S02C12, PC15 or NCS to provide the analgous chloromethyl derivatives which can also be processed as described in Scheme 2 to provide dihydropyridines of general formula (29) and (30).
Scheme 7 O O s0 O R~ ~ ~O
A NHs A
+ R~CHO +
(15) O (7) O
(26) (31 ) Dihydropyridines of general formula (31), wherein A, Rl, and n' are as defined in to formula I, can be prepared as described in Scheme 7. Dicarbonyl compounds of general formula (15) can be treated with a suitable ammonia source such as NH3, NH40H
or NH40Ac, then aldehydes of general formula (7) and cyclic (3-keto sulfones of general formula (26) can~be: added and the reaction mixture heated to provide dihydropyridines of ~ ~.
general formula (31). In the case where n'=1, an additional heating step at elevated temperature in the presence or the absence of an acid such as hydrochloric acid or para-toluenesulfonic acid may be necessary to drive the reaction to completion.

Scheme 8 O O O R~ O
~,c~~ RO ~ RO
+ R~CHO + ~ N
z O (32) (7) ('I O) NH ( 3).
O R~ O O R~ O
Scheme 2 RO I I A~ Scheme 2 R2N
(33) A
N " N
Br H H
(34) (35) O R~ O
(34) Scheme 2 O~ Y ' ,A' I~I /IN
H
(36) Dihydropyridines of the general formula (35) and (36), wherein Rl, R2, and A' are as defined in formula I, can be prepared as described in Scheme 8. 3-Aminocrotonates of general formula (10), wherein R is lower. alkyl, aldehydes of general formula (7); and cyclic dicarboriyls of general formula (32), preparation of some dicarbonyls is described in (Nakagawa, S., Heterocycles 13 (1979) 477; D'Angelo, J., Tetrahedron Letters 32 (1991) 3063), can be combined and heated in a solvent such as ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile or toluene to provide dihydropyridines of general formula (33). Dihydropyridines of general to formula (33) can be processed as described in Scheme 2 with NBS, pyridinium tribromide or similar brominating agents to provide dihydropyridines of general formula (34).
Dihydropyridines of general formula (34) can be processed as described in Scheme 2 to provide dihydropyridines of the general formulas (35) and (36). The preparation of compounds of general formula (35) and (36) may also be accomplished via the chloro analog of (34).

Scheme 9 O
R~ RO
-NH R~ O
O O z + R~CHO A (10) A I I OR
(38) n (7) (39) n n H
(40) R~ O R~ O
(40) Scheme 2 A I I ~OR Scheme 2 A I ~NR2, n H ~ n J~/H
(41) Br (42) R~ O
(41 ) Scheme 2 A I ~O
n N
H
(43) Dihydropyridines of general formulas (42) and (43), wherein Rl, R2~, A, and n are as 1 defined in formula I, can be prepared as described in Scheme 9.
Condensatiori~ of carbonyl compounds of general formula (38) with aldehydes of general formula (7) using the Aldol reaction provides a,(3-unsaturated ketones of general formula (39). The reaction is preferably performed by first forming an enamine derivative of (38) with a secondary amine such as morpholine, pyrrolidine, or piperidine. The enamine obtained is then treated directly with (7) under thermal conditions to form (39). a,[3-Unsaturated ketones of general formula (39) can to be treated with 3-aminocrotonates of general formula (10), wherein R is lower alkyl, such as methyl 3-aminocrotonate, to provide dihydropyridines of general formula (40).
An alternate method of preparing (40) can be accomplished with (39), methyl acetoacetate, and ammonia with heating. Dihydropyridines of general formula (40) can be processed as described in Scheme 2 to provide bromomethyl dihydropyridines of general formula (41).
Dihydropyridines of general formula (41) can also be processed as desribed in Scheme 2 to provide dihydropyridines of general formula (42) and (43).

Scheme 10 R~
O R~ O
O
A + \ ' ~ A~ ~' " n H2N n n N n (39) (8) H
(45) R~
O R~ O
O NHs ' A
"n O n . n N n (39) (11 ) H
(45) Dihydropyridines of general formula (45), wherein RI, A, n, and n' are as defined in formula I, can be prepared as described in Scheme 10. a,(3-Unsaturated ketones of general formula (39), from Scheme 9, can be treated with cyclic enaminones of general formula (8) with heating to provide dihydropyridines of general formula (45). An alternate method uses (39), ammonia and dicarbonyl compounds of general formula (11), with heat to provide (45).
Scheme 11 R~
O~ ,O R~ O
O S O. .~
NH3 ( I S
-, A
-(') n O ~ n Non' (39) (26) ( 6) Dihydropyridines of general formula (46), wherein Rl, A, n, and n' are as defined in formula I, can be prepared as described in Scheme 11. a,(3-Unsaturated ketones of general formula (39), from Scheme 9, can be treated with cyclic (3-keto sulfones of general formula (26) and a suitable source of ammonia (see Scheme 7) with heating to produce dihydropyridines of general formula (46).

Scheme 12 R~ O R~ O
O
A~ + A
n O /n H
(39) (32) (48) Dihydropyridines of general formula (48), wherein Rl, A, A', and n are as defined in formula I, can be prepared as described in Scheme 12. a,(3-Unsaturated ketones of general formula (39), from Scheme 9, can be treated with dicarbonyl compounds of general formula (32) and ammonia or suitable source of ammonia (see Scheme 7) with heating to provide dihydropyridines of general formula(48).
Scheme 13 O R~ O R~ O

H n' ~ n' (~ 3) (45) An alternate method of preparing dihydropyridines of general formula (45), wherein A is NRZ and R2 and n' are as defined in formula I, can be accomplished as described in Scheme 13. Dihydropyridines of general formula (13), from Scheme 2, can be reduced to provide dihydropyridines of general fornmla (45). Preferably, this transformation can be accomplished by conversion of (13) to the iminoether with trimethyl or triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate and reduction with sodium borohydride. Alternatively, the amide can be converted to the thioamide using Lawesson's reagent. Desulfurization of the thioamide can be accomplished with Raney Nickel under a hydrogen atmosphere. Desulfurization can also be accomplished by conversion to the sulfonium species via addition of an alkyl halide such iodomethane and then reduction with sodium borohydride.

Scheme 14 O R~ R~ O
O. ..O .. ..O
R2N I I S Scheme 13 A I I S
mn~
(46) An alternate method of preparing dihydropyridines of general formula (46), wherein A is NR2 and R2 and n' are as defined in formula I, can be accomplished as described in Scheme 14. Dihydropyridines of general formula (30), from Scheme 6, can be reduced to provide dihydropyridines of general formula (46) as described in Scheme 13.
Preferably, this transformation can be accomplished by conversion of (30) to the iminoether with trimethyl or triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate and reduction with sodium borohydride.
to Scheme 15 R~ O R~ O
Et02C I I C02Et NBS Et02C ( I C02Et 180 °C Et0 I I O
MeOH N .. N~.
H
(1 ) (50) Br (51 ) O R~ O R NH O R~ O

(51 ) - NBS EtO ~ ~O (~ RAN ~ II .O
MeOH H ~H
Br (52) (53) Dihydropyridines of general formula (53), wherein Rl and R2 are as defined in formula I, can be prepared as described in Scheme 15. Dihydropyridine (1), from Scheme l, can be mono brominated to provide (50) and then heated at 180 °C to provide 15 dihydropyridine (51). Dihydropyridine (51) can be brominated to provide dihydropyridine (52). Dihydropyridine (52) can then be treated with primary amines of general formula (3) as described in Scheme 2 to provide dihydropyridines of general formula (53).
Alternatively the sequence of reactions can be rearranged as dihydropyridine (50) can be treated with a primary amine of general formula (3) followed by a brominating agent as described in Scheme 2 and 2o then heat to provide dihydropyridines of general formula (53).

Scheme 16 O O O R~ O
A, 1 ~A' NH3 A I I A.
+ R~CHO +
(15) O (~) O (32) H
(55) Dihydropyridines of general formula (55), wherein Rl, A, and A' are as defined in formula I, can be prepared as described in Scheme 16. Dicarbonyl compounds of general formula (15) can be treated with ammonia and then treated with aldehydes of general formula (7) and dicarbonyl compounds of general formula (32) with heating to provide dihydropyridines of general formula (55).
Scheme 17 R~
S I S R~CHO
S
).
O N
n. , n O ) .
(58) (59) (60) n ;,~
O
O R~ O
R~ O A~ S +
w S + A
O
(15) N n.
(60) O n. H
(61 ) (62) Dihydropyridines of general formula (62), wherein Rl, A, and n' are as defined in formula I, can be prepared as described in Scheme 17. Carbonyl compounds of general formula (58) can be treated with secondary amines such as morpholine, pyrrolidine or piperidine to provide enamines (59). Enamines (59) can be treated aldehydes of general formula (7) in an appropriate organic solvent to provide sulfides of general formula (60).
Oxidation of the sulfide with an oxidant such as meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid provides sulfoxides of general formula (61) that can then be treated with dicarbonyl compounds of general formula (15) and a source of ammonia such as ammonia, ammonium acetate or ammonium hydroxide with heating in a solvent such as ethyl alcohol or similar alcoholic solvent, acetonitrile or dimethylformamide to provide dihydropyridines of general formula (62).

Scheme 18 R1 O_ R1 O_ R02C R1 ~ R02C g O
S + I I + Scheme 2 A I I S +
NH2 O n' N~n~ ~N~n~
(10) (61) H H
(64) (65) Dihydropyridines of general formula (65), wherein Rl, A, and n' are as defined in formula I, can be prepared as described in Scheme 18. 3-Aminocrotonates of general formula (10) can be treated with sulfoxides of general formula (61), from Scheme 17, with heating in a solvent such as ethyl alcohol or similar alcoholic solvent, acetonitrile or dimethylformamide to provide bicyclic dihydropyridine sulfoxides of general formula (64).
Dihydropyridine sulfoxides of general formula (64) can then be processed as described in to Scheme 2 to provide dihydropyridines of general formula (65).
Scheme 19 O R1 O O ~ ' O ~_ 1 O O O R1 O
A I I ,S~~ +BuOK A I I S'/ + A I I S~~O
~N~n~ ( ) or (-) ' ' n H 8-phenylmenthyl n N n n N n chloroformate ~O ~O
~O O
(68) ' Ph (69) ~Ph MeONa THF
O -R1 O ~~O O R1 O
S,O
n N n. n N n.
A
H H
(70) (71 ) Dihydropyridines of general formula (70) and (71 ), wherein Rl, A, n, and n' are as defined in formula I, can be prepared as described in Scheme 19. Racemic sulfones of general formula (67) can be treated with potassium t-butoxide (1 equivalent) in tetrahydrofuran followed by (+) or (-) 8-phenylmenthyl chloroformate to generate a mixture of diastereomeric 8-phenylmenthyl carbamates (68) and (69). The diastereomers (68) and (69) can be separated by column chromatography over silica gel and the 8-phenylmenthol moiety removed by reaction with sodium methoxide in methanol to provide single enantiomers of general formula (70) and (71).
' Scheme 20 R02C O R~ O R , R4~ Scheme 8 R02C
+ R~CHO + I ~R5, NH2 (7) R5' (73) N
H
(10) O
(74) Scheme 5 or R~ O R O
chiral chromatography R02C R4~ RO C ~ R4' (74) I ~ R5, + 2 N I \ i~~Rs, H N
(75) H
(76) Scheme 2 O R~ O O R~ O
R,~, A~N~R5, A~N~R5, H ~ ~/H
(77) (78) Dihydropyridines of general formula (77) and (78), wherein Rl, R4~, RS~, and A
are as defined in formula I, can be prepared as described in Scheme 20. 3-Aminocrotonates of general formula (10) can be treated with aldehydes of general formula (7) and alkyl l0 substituted cycloalkanediones of general formula (73) as described in Scheme 8 to provide dihydropyridines of general formula (74). Dihydropyridines of general formula (74) can be separated into individual enantiomers (75) and (76) using either chiral chromatography or the method from Scheme 5. Enantiomers (75) and (76) can be processed as described in Scheme 2 to provide enantiomeric dihydropyridines of general formula (77) and (78).

Scheme 21 O O O R~ O
R4, R4, '4~ + R~CHO + R5, A~ I~~~R .
O (7) H2N n, N J. ~~_,J(n~~ s (80) H
(15) (81) Dihydropyridines of general formula (81), wherein R1, R4~, RS., A and n' are as defined in formula I, can be prepared as described in Scheme 21. Dicarbonyl compounds of general formula (15) can be treated with aldehydes of general formula (7) and alkyl substituted cyclic enaminones of general formula (80) with heating in a solvent such as ethyl alcohol or other similar alcoholic solvent, acetonitrile, or dimethylformamide to provide dihydropyridines of general formula (81 ).
to Scheme 22 O O O R~ O
+ R~CHO + R4' A~~ I R4, ( ) R5' ~ R5~
NH2 7 O n' H n, ;
(82) (83) (81 ) .
An alternative method of preparing dihydropyridines of general formula (81), wherein Rl, R4~, RS., A and n' are as defined in formula I, can be used as described in Scheme 22.
Heterocyclic enamines of general formula (82) can be treated with aldehydes of general formula (7) and alkyl substituted cyclic diones of general formula (83) with heating in a solvent such as ethyl alcohol or other similar alcoholic solvent, acetonitrile, or dimethylformamide to provide dihydropyridines of general formula (81).
Scheme 23 O O O R~ O
A + R~CHO + ~ ) n, O (7) H2N ~\R7' (82) Rs, H Rs, R~, (85) (86) Dihydropyridines of general formula (86), wherein Rl, R6~, R7., A and n' are as defined in formula I, can be prepared as described in Scheme 23. Heterocyclic dicarbonyl compounds of general formula (82) can be treated with aldehydes of general formula (7) and alkyl substituted cyclic enaminones of general formula (85) with heating in a solvent such as ethyl alcohol or other similar alcoholic solvent, acetonitrile, or dimethylformamide to provide dihydropyridines of general formula (86).
Scheme 24 O COzR O R1 + R~CHO + I R2N

O (7) H2N H
(88) (10) (89) W
O R~ O R~ O
( ) N +~Br3 RzN I I C02R ~0 ~C R2N I I O
8g H
H~r H
(90) (53) Rz,NHz O R~ O
(91 ) (g0) RzN I I NRz, N
H
(4) Alternative methods of preparing dihydropyridines of general formula (53) and (4), wherein Rl, R2, and R2~ are as defined in formula I, can be used as described in Scheme 24.
2,4-Pyrrolidinedione derivatives of general formula (88), aldehydes of general formula (7), to and 3-aminocrotonates of general formula (10), wherein R is lower alkyl, can be condensed to provide dihydropyridines of general formula (89). Dihydropyridines of general formula (89) can be treated with a suitable brominating agent such as pyridinium bromide perbromide or N-bromosuccinimide in a solvent such as chloroform or methanol to provide dihydropyridines of general formula (90). Dihydropyridines of general formula (90) can be 15 heated at 70 °C to provide dihydropyridines of general formula (53).
Dihydropyridines of general formula (90) can also be heated in the presence of a primary amine of general formula (91) to provide dihydropyridines of general formula (4).
Many of the starting materials necessary to carry out the methods described in the 2o preceeding Schemes may be purchased from commercial sources whereas others axe known in the chemical literature. Appropriate literature references may be found in the following section or in the Examples section for such known entities. For starting materials not previously described in the literature the following Schemes are intended to illustrate their preparation through a general method.
Scheme 25 O O O
~ R3' ~ ~ ~ R3 ~ I ~. R ' O n. R0 n. H2N n.
(92) (93) (94) Enamines of general formula (94), wherein n' is an integer 1-3 and R3~ is absent or can be 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from alkyl can be prepared according to the to general method shown in Scheme 25. This method entails reaction of an appropriate cycloalkanedione of general formula (92) with an alcohol such as ethanol or methanol with catalysis by an acid such as sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid or other similar acid to form an intermediate enol ether of general formula (93), wherein R is lower alkyl such as ethyl or .
methyl. The enol ether (93) can be converted to an enamine of general formula (94) by reaction with ammonia typically in a solvent such as methanol, ethanol or tetrahydrofuran.
This method is preferred for the preparation of 3-amino-4,4-dimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one and 3-amino-6,6-dimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one.
Scheme 26 ~SO OSO
Rs~ ~ RsW~ --, Ra'\~
n' O ~ n' OR ~ n~ NH2 (95) (96) (97) As shown in Scheme 26, enamines of general formula (97), wherein n' is an integer from 1-3 and R3~ is absent or can be 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from alkyl can be prepared by procedures directly analogous to those described in Scheme 25 wherein the carbonyl compound of general formula (95) can be converted to an intermediate enol ether of general formula (96), wherein R is lower alkyl, and then to the enamine (97).

Many of the starting aryl and heteroaryl aldehydes necessary to carry out the methods described in the preceeding and following Schemes may be purchased from commercial sources or may be synthesized by known procedures found in the chemical literature.
Appropriate literature references for the preparation of aryl and heteroaryl aldehydes may be found in the following section or in the Examples. For starting materials not previously described in the literature the following Schemes are intended to illustrate their preparation through a general method.
The preparation of aldehydes used to synthesize many preferred compounds of the invention may be found in the following literature references: Pearson, Org.
Synth. Coll. Vol to V (1973), 117; Nwaukwa, Tetrahedron Lett. (1982), 23, 3131; Badder, J.
Indian Chem. Soc.
(1976), 53, 1053; Kharma, J. Med. Chem. (1997), 40, 1634; Rinkes, Recl. Trav.
Chim. Pays-Bas (1945), 64, 205; van der Lee, Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas (1926), 45, 687;
Widman, Chem. Ber. (1882), 15, 167; Hodgson, J. Chem. Soc. (1927), 2425; Clark, 3.
Fluorine Chem.
(1990), 50, 411; Hodgson, J. Chem. Soc. (1929), 1635; Duff, J. Chem. Soc.
(1951), 1512;
Crawford, J. Chem. Soc. (1956), 2155; Tanouchi, J. Med. Chem. (1981), 24, 1149;
Bergmann, J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1959), 81, 5641';Other: Eistert, Chem. Ber.
(1964), 97, ' .
1470; Selcikawa, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. (1959), 32~ 551:
Scheme 27 Rio Rio R~2 H O H O
(100) (99) Rio Rio W I ~ R~2 / /
RO ~OR RO OR
(101) (102) Meta, para-disubstituted aldehydes of general formula (100), wherein Rlo is selected from alkyl, haloalkyl, halo, haloalkoxy, alkoxy, alkylthio, -NZ1Z2, and -C(O)NZ1Z2, wherein Z1 and ZZ are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, and formyl and R12 is selected from nitro, halo, and alkylcarbonyl, can be prepared according to the method described in Scheme 27. A pare substituted aldehyde of general formula (99) or the corresponding acetal protected aldehyde of general formula (101), wherein R is selected from alkyl or together with the oxygen atoms to which they are attached form a 5 or 6 membered ring wherein 1,3-dioxolanes are preferred, may by subjected to conditions of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction to provide aldehydes of general formula (100) or protected aldehydes of general formula (102). Preferred protecting groups for compounds of general formula (101) and (102) include dimethyl or diethyl acetals or the 1,3-dioxolanes.
These protecting groups can be introduced at the beginning and removed at the end to to provide substituted aldehydes of general formula (100) using methods well known to those skilled in the art of organic chemistry.
Scheme 28 Rio Rio ~ R12 HO I ~ ~ . HO -. ~. . . HO
(104) CHO CHO
(105) (106) Aldehydes of general formula (106), wherein Rlo is selected from alkyl, haloalkyl, halo, haloalkoxy, alkoxy, alkylthio, -NZ1Z2, and -C(O)NZ1Z2, wherein Z1 and Z2 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, and formyl and R12 is selected from nitro, halo, and alkylcarbonyl, can be prepared by the method described in Scheme 28. A mete substituted phenol (104) is converted to the pare substituted salicylaldehyde (105) by reaction with a base such as sodium hydroxide and a reagent such as trichloromethane or tribromomethane, known as the Reimer-Tiemann reaction. An alternate set of reaction conditions involves reaction with magnesium methoxide and paraformaldehyde (Aldred, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 (1994), 1823). The aldehyde (105) may be subjected to conditions of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction to provide mete, pare disubstituted salicylaldehydes of general formula (106).

Scheme 29 R1o R1o \ R12 ~ \ R12 .
HO ~ HO
(107) (106) CHO
An alternative method of preparing meta, para disubstituted salicylaldehydes of general formula (106), wherein Rlo is selected from alkyl, haloalkyl, halo, haloalkoxy, alkoxy, alkylthio, -NZ1Z2, and -C(O)NZ1Z2, wherein Z1 and ZZ are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, and formyl and R12 is selected from .
nitro, halo, and alkylcarbonyl, can be used as described in Scheme 29. A meta, para disubstituted phenol of general formula (107) can be reacted with a base such as sodium hydroxide and a reagent such as trichloromethane or tribromomethane, known as the Reimer-l0 Tiemann reaction, to provide disubstituted salicylaldehydes of general formula (106). An alternate set of reaction conditions involves reaction with magnesium methoxide and paraformaldehyde (Aldred, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 (1994), 1823).
Scheme 30 Br R1o R1o \ R12 \ R12 \ R12 RO OR RO OR H O
(108) (102) (100) An alternative method of preparing benzaldehydes of general formula (100), wherein R12 is selected from alkyl, haloalkyl, chlorine, fluorine, haloalkoxy, alkoxy, alkylthio, nitro, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, -NZ1Z2, and -C(O)NZ1Z2, wherein Z1 and Z2 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, and formyl, and Rlo is selected from alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkylthio, alkylcarbonyl, and formyl, is described in Scheme 30.
Protected benzaldehydes of general formula (108), wherein R is selected from alkyl or together with the oxygen atoms to which they are attached form a 5 or 6 membered ring wherein 1,3-dioxolanes are preferred, can be converted to the 3,4-disubstituted benzaldehyde of general formula (102) via conversion of the bromide to an intermediate lithio or magnesio derivative, followed by reaction with an appropriate electrophile such as an aldehyde, dialkyldisulfide, a Weinreb amide, dimethylformamide, an alkyl halide or other electrophile followed by deprotection of the acetal to provide benzaldehydes of general formula (100).
Scheme 31 Rio Rio Rio ~ Br ( ~ R~2 ( ~ R~z i ~ / /
RO ~OR RO FOR H ~O
(110) (102) (100) An alternative method of preparing benzaldehydes of general formula (100), wherein Rlo is selected from alkyl, haloalkyl, chlorine, fluorine, haloalkoxy, alkoxy;
alkylthio, -NZiZ2, and -C(O)NZ1Z2, wherein Z1 and Z2 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, and formyl, R12 is selected from alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkylthio, to alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, and formyl, can be used as described in Scheme 31. Protected benzaldehydes of general formula (110), wherein R is selected from alkyl or together with the oxygen atoms to which they are attached form a 5 or 6 membered ring wherein 1,3- . .
dioxolanes are preferred can be processed as described in Scheme 30 to provide benzaldehydes of general formula (100).
Scheme 32 R~° Rio OH O.
R~s O H O H
(112) (113) Benzaldehydes of general formula (113), wherein Rlo is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cyano, haloalkyl, halo, haloalkoxy, nitro, alkoxy, 2o alkylthio, -NZiZ2, and -C(O)NZ1Z2, wherein Zl and ZZ are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, and formyl, and R13 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, arylalkyl, and haloalkyl wherein preferred haloalkyl groups are selected from difluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl and bromodifluoromethyl, can be prepared as described in Scheme 32. 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde of general formula (112) can be treated with suitable allcylating reagents such as benzylbromide, iodomethane, 2-iodo-1,1,1-trifluoroethane, chlorodifluoromethane, or dibromodifluoromethane in the presence of base such as potassium carbonate, potassium tert-butoxide or sodium tert-butoxide, to provide benzaldehydes of general formula (113). The synthesis of useful 3-hydroxybenzaldehydes of general formula (112) may be found in the following literature references:
rJ°Chem. Soc.
(1923), 2820; J. Med Ghem. (1986), 29, 1982; Monatsh. Chem. (1963), 94,1262;
Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. (1897), 294, 381; J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 (1990), 315;
Tetrahedron Lett. (1990), 5495; J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 (1981), 2677.
to Scheme 33 OH R~s~O
~ R~2 \ R12 O H O H
(114) . (115) Benzaldehydes of general formula (115), wherein Rla is selected from hydrogen;
' .
alkyl, alkylsulforiyl; aryl, heteroaryl, cyano, haloalkyl, halo, haloalkoxy, nitro, ~alkoxy, alkylthio, -NZ1Z2, and -C(O)NZ1Z2, wherein Z1 and Z2 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, and formyl, and R13 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, arylalkyl, and haloalkyl wherein preferred haloalkyl groups are selected from difluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, and bromodifluoromethyl, can be prepared as described in Scheme 33. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehydes of general formula (114) can be treated with suitable alkylating reagents such as benzylbromide, iodomethane, 2-iodo-1,1,1-trifluoroethane, chlorodifluoromethane, or dibromodifluoromethane, in the presence of base such as potassium carbonate, potassium tert-butoxide or sodium tert-butoxide to provide benzaldehydes of general formula (115). The synthesis of useful 4-hydroxybenzaldehydes of general formula (114) may be found in the following literature references:
Angyal, J. Chem.
Soc. (1950), 2141; Ginsburg, J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1951), 73, 702; Claisen, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. (1913), 401, 107; Nagao, Tetrahedron Lett. (1980), 21, 4931;
Ferguson, J. Am.
Chem. Soc. (1950), 72, 4324; Barnes, J. Chem. Soc. (1950), 2824; Villagomez-Ibarra, Tetrahedron (1995), 51, 9285; Komiyama, J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1983), 105, 2018;
DE 87255;
Hodgson, J. Chem. Soc. (1929), 469; Hodgson, J. Chem. Soc. (1929), 1641.

Scheme 34 Rio R~z O H O H
(116) (100) An alternate method for introduction of substituents at the 3-position of benzaldehydes of general formula (100), wherein Rl° is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cyano, haloalkyl, halo, haloalkoxy, nitro, alkoxy, alkylthio, and -C(O)NZ1Z2, wherein Z1 and ZZ are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, and formyl can be used as described in Scheme 34. This method, also known as the Sandmeyer reaction, involves converting 3-amino benzaldehydes to of general formula (116) to an intermediate diazonium salt with sodium nitrite. The diazonium salts can be treated with a bromine or iodine source to provide the bromide or . ,iodide. The Sandmeyer reaction and conditions for effecting the transformatiomare well known to those skilled in the art of organic chemistry. The types of R12 substituents that may be introduced in this fashion include cyano, hydroxy, or halo. In order to successfully carry out this transformation it may in certain circumstances be advantageous to perform the Sandmeyer reaction on a protected aldehyde. The resulting iodide or bromide can be treated with unsaturated halides, boronic acids or tin reagents in the presence of a palladium catalyst such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0) to provide benzaldehydes of general formula (100). The diazonium salts may also be treated directly with unsaturated 2o halides, boronic acids or tin reagents in the presence of a palladium catalyst such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0) to provide benzaldehydes of general formula (100).

Scheme 35 R1o ~ 12 / . ~ /
O~H O H
(117) (100) An alternate method for introduction of substituents at the 4-position of benzaldehydes of general formula (100), wherein R12 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cyano, haloalkyl, halo, haloalkoxy, nitro, alkoxy, alkylthio, and -C(O)NZ1Z2, wherein Z1 and Z2 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, and formyl, can be used as described in Scheme 35. This method, also known as the Sandmeyer reaction, involves converting 4-amino benzaldehydes of general formula (117) to an intermediate diazonium salt with sodium nitrite and then to treating the diazonium salts in a similar manner as that described in Scheme 34. The types of Rlo substituents that may be introduced in this fashion include cyano, hydroxy, or halo. The . . Sandmeyer reaction and conditions for effecting the transformation are well ;kriown.to those .. . , skilled in the art of organic chemistry. In order to successfully caiTy out this transformation it may in certain circumstances be advantageous to perform the Sandmeyer reaction on a protected aldehyde.
Scheme 36 NH2 (CI) Br OCF3 ~ OCF3 1 ) Ac20 / 2) BuLi, DMF /
Br 3) H2S04 4) Sandmeyer O H
4-Bromo-3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzaldehyde or 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzaldehyde can be prepared as described in Scheme 36. The commercially available 4-bromo-2-(trifluoromethoxy)aniline can be protected on the amino group with a suitable N-protecting group well known to those skilled in the art of organic chemistry such as acetyl or tent-butoxycarbonyl. The bromine can then be converted to the lithio or magnesio derivative and reacted directly with dimethylformamide to provide the 4-aminoprotected-3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzaldehyde derivative. Removal of the N-protecting group followed by conversion of the amine to a bromide or chloride via the Sandmeyer method of Scheme 35 provides 4-bromo-3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzaldehyde or 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzaldehyde.
Scheme 37 ~ I ~ NO2 I ~ N02 O OH O OH OH

NH2 I ~ X I ~ X
/ ' / /
CHO
OH OH
(118) (119) 4-Trifluoromethylbenzaldehydes of general formula (119), wherein X is selected from cyano, vitro, and halo may be prepared according to the method of. Scheme 37.

Trifluoromethylbenzoic acid is first nitrated, using suitable conditions well known in the 1 o literature such as nitric acid with sulfuric acid, and the carboxylic acid group reduced with borane to provide 3-vitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzyl alcohol. From this benzyl alcohol may be obtained the 3-vitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde by oxidation with typical reagents such as manganese dioxide. The vitro benzylic alcohol can be reduced to the aniline using any of a number of different conditions for effecting this transformation among which a preferred method is hydrogenation over a palladium catalyst. The aniline can be converted to either a halo or cyano substituent using the Sandmeyer reaction described in Scheme 34.
Benzyl alcohols of general formula (118) can be oxidized using conditions well known to those skilled in the art such as manganese dioxide or swern conditions to provide benzaldehydes of general formula (119).
For certain aromatic ring substitutions of R1 for compounds of the present invention it is preferable to effect transformations of the aromatic ring substitutions after the aldehyde has been incorporated into the core structure of the present invention. As such, compounds of the present invention may be further transformed to other distinct compounds of the present invention. These transformations involve Stille, Suzuki and Heck coupling reactions all of which are well known to those skilled in the art of organic chemistry. Shown below are some representative methods of such transformations of compounds of the present invention to other compounds of the present invention.
Scheme 38 ~ R12 1.' Di-t-butyldicarbonate DMAP, MeCN

D D' ' D D

A ~ A' 2. Pd(PPh3)4, Rl2SnR3A ~ A' ~ ~~
~ ~

N DMF, 110 C C N ~
n (~'~,Rs~ ~Rs n H n H

(120) (121 ) Dihydropyridines of general formula (121), wherein A, A', D, D', n and n' are as to defined in formula I, R3~ is 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from hydrogen or alkyl, Rlo is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cyano, haloalkyl, chlorine, fluorine, haloalkoxy, nitro, alkoxy, and alkylthio, and -C(O)NZ1Z2, wherein Z1 and ZZ are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, and formyl, Rll is selected from hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, and arylalkoxy, R12 is selected from alkyl, vinyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cyano and the like, can be prepared as described in Scheme 38. Compounds of general formula (120), wherein X is selected from bromine, iodine, and triflate, are protected with a tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) group using standard procedures. The aromatic bromide, iodide, or triflate can be treated with a suitable tin, boronic acid, or unsaturated halide reagent in the presence of a palladium 2o catalyst with heating in a solvent such as dimethylformamide to effect a coupling reaction that provides dihydropyridines of general formula (121). The conditions for this transformation also effect the removal of the Boc protecting group.

Scheme 39 R1o R11 ~ R11 1. Di-t-butyldicarbonate DMAP, MeCN
D$R3~ 2. Pd(PPh3)o, Rl2SnR3 AD ~ ~ DAR .
( n N~ n, DMF, 110 C ( N~ , s H n H n (122) (123) Dihydropyridines of general formula (123), wherein A, A', D, D', n and n' are as defined in formula I, R3~ is 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from hydrogen or alkyl, Ria is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cyano, haloalkyl, chlorine, fluorine, haloalkoxy, nitro, alkoxy, alkylthio, and -C(O)NZ1Z2, wherein Z1 and Z2 are independentlyselected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, and formyl, Rll is selected from hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, and arylalkoxy, Rlo is selected from alkyl, vinyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cyano and the like, can be prepared as described to in Scheme 39. Dihydropyridines of general formula (122), wherein X is selected from bromine, iodine, and triflate, can be protected with a tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) group using standard procedures. The aromatic bromide, iodide, or triflate can be reacted with a suitable tin, boronic acid, or unsaturated halide reagent in the presence of a palladium catalyst with heating in a solvent such as dimethylformamide to effect a coupling reaction that provides dihydropyridines of general formula (123). The conditions for this transformation also effect the removal of the Boc protecting group.

Scheme 40 ~~ o _l ~ ~~ _cF3 R~ i ~ 1. Di-t-butyldicarbonate R~ ~
DMAP, MeCN
2. Pd(PPh3)4 D D
A I ~I W~ . R'Zn~CF AD I I D\ ' n N~) n~R3 3 ( N~~Rs n H n (125) (126) Dihydropyridines of general formula (126), wherein A, A', D, D', n and n' are as defined in formula I, R3~ is 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from hydrogen or alkyl, Rlo is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cyano, haloalkyl, chlorine, fluorine, haloalkoxy, nitro, alkoxy, alkylthio, and -C(O)NZ1Z2, wherein Z1 and Z2 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, and formyl, and Rl1 is selected from.hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, and arylalkoxy, can be prepared as described in Scheme 40. Dihydropyridines of general formula (125), wherein X is selected from bromine, iodine; .and .triflate can be protected W ith a tert-butoxycarbonyl .
(Boc) group using standard procedures.' The aromatic bromide, iodide, or triflate can be treated with a suitable halozinc reagent in the presence of a palladium catalyst with heating in a solvent such as dimethylformamide to effect a coupling reaction that provides dihydropyridines of general formula (126). The conditions for this transformation also effect the removal of the Boc protecting group. The types of meta substituents that may be introduced in this fashion include trihalopropenyl and more specifically the trifluoropropenyl group.

Scheme 41 Rio R~~
1. Di-t-butyldicarbonate DMAP, MeCN
2. Pd(PPh3)4 R'Zn~CF ~ \R '' R , 3 n H )n 3 (127) (128) Dihydropyridines of general formula (128), wherein A, A', D, D', n and n' are as defined in formula I, R3~ is 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from hydrogen or alkyl, Rlo is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cyano~
haloalkyl, chlorine, fluorine, haloalkoxy, vitro, alkoxy, alkylthio, -C(O)NZ1Z2, wherein Z1 and Z2 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, and formyl, Rl l is selected from hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, and arylalkoxy, can be .
prepared as described in Scheme 41. Dihydropyridines of general formula (127), wherein ~:, is selected from bromine, iodine, and triflate can be protected with a tent-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) group using standard procedures. The aromatic bromide, iodide, or triflate can be treated with a suitable halozinc reagent in the presence of a palladium catalyst with heating in a solvent such as dimethylformamide to effect a coupling reaction that provides dihydropyridines of general formula (128). The conditions for this transformation also effect the removal of the Boc protecting group. The types of para substituents that may be introduced in this fashion include trihalopropenyl and more specifically the trifluoropropenyl group.
The following methods are intended as an illustration of and not a limitation upon the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. Further, all citations herein are incorporated by reference.
Example 1 8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrodipyrrolo(3,4-b:3,4-e~pyridine-1,7-dione Example 1 A
diethyl 4-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridine dicarboxylate A solution of 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde (6.00 g, 29.6 mmol) and ethyl acetoacetate (7.81 g, 60 mmol) in ethyl alcohol (15 mL) and methylene chloride (15 mL) was treated with concentrated ammonium hydroxide (6.2 mL) in two portions over.a.period of two days with heating at reflux. The reaction was allowed to cool to ambient temperature.
The solvent was evaporated and the crude material purified by flash chromatography (1:3-ethyl acetate:hexane) to provide 11.3 g of the title compound as a light yellow solid.
1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) 8 1.22 (t, 6H), 2.35 (s, 6H), 4.10 (m, 4H), 4.94 (s, 1H), 5.56 (s, 1 H), 6.95 (t, 1 H), 7.18 (m, 1 H), 7.42 (dd, 1 H);
MS (DCI/NH3) m/z 443 (M+NH4)+.
Example 1 B
diethyl 2,6-bis-(bromomethyl)-4-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-3,5-pyridine dicarboxylate A solution of the product from Example 1A (1.27 g, 3.00 mmol) in methyl alcohol (60 mL) was treated with N-bromosuccinimide (1.068 g, 6.00 mmol) and stirred for 1.5 hours at ambient temperature: . The reaction was poured into water and the resultant precipitate ~. .. . .
collected. The precipitate was crystallized from ace'tone/hexane to provid 685 mg of the title. .
compound as a yellow solid.
1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) b 1.25 (t, 6H), 4.15 (m, 4H), 4.76 (AB qu, 4H), 4.96 (s, 1H), 6.48 (s, 1 H), 6.99 (t, 1 H), 7.18 (m, 1 H), 7.43 (dd, 1 H);
MS (APCI+) m/z 584 (M+H)+.
Example 1 C
8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2, 3 ,4, 5, 6, 8-hexahydrodipyrrolo X3,4-b : 3,4-e~
pyridine-1, 7-dione The product from Example 1B (0.29 g, 0.50 mmol) was treated with liquid ammonia (25 mL) in ethyl alcohol (25 mL) in a high pressure bomb for 2 days at ambient temperature.
The solvent was evaporated and the resultant solid triturated with hot ethyl alcohol/ethyl acetate. This solid was washed with water then diethyl ether and dried to provide 26 mg of the title compound as a yellow solid.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 3.95 (q, 4H), 4.58 (s, 1H), 7.25 (d, 2H), 7.42 (s, 2H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 9.83 (s, 1H);
MS (APCI+) m/z 364 (M+H)+;

MS (APCI-) m/z 362 (M-H)-;
Anal. calcd for C15H11BrFN302~0.3 H20~0.5 C2H60: C, 48.95; H, 3.75; N, 10.70.
Found: C, 48.64; H, 3.96; N, 10.33.
Example 2 8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrodipyrrolo [3,4-b:3,4-e~pyridine-1,7-dione The product from Example 1B (0.812 g, 1.4 mmol) was treated with 2.0 M methyl amine/methyl alcohol (7.0 mL) for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the l0 resultant white precipitate triturated with diethyl ether/methylene chloride/methyl alcohol.
The solid was washed with water and dried to give 183 mg of the title compound.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 2.80 (s, 6H), 4.05 (q, 4H), 4.59~(s, 1H), 7.22 (d, 2H)~ 7.45 (d, 1H), 9.88 (s, 1H);
MS (APCI+) m/z 392 (M+H)+;
MS, (APCI-) m/z 390 (M-H)-;
::anal: calcd for C17H~SBrFN30~.~0.25:H20:,C,.51.47; H, 3.94; N, 10.59. Found:
C5:1.13;'H, . <
4.1.9; N; 10.3,6. ' .
Example 3 8-L3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrocyclopenta[b~pyrrolo[3,4-e]pyridine-1,7-dione Example 3A
methyl 4-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2-methyl-5-oxo-1H-cyclopenta[b~pyridine-3-carboxylate 3-Bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde (3.045 g, 15 mmol), methyl acetoacetate (2.09 g, mmol) and 3-aminocyclopent-2-enone (1.45 g, 15 mmol) were heated to 65°C in methyl alcohol for 5 days. The reaction was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and the white precipitate collected, washed with methyl alcohol and dried to provide 2.29 g of the title 3o compound. Flash chromatography (5% methyl alcohol/methylene chloride) of the filtrate provided an additional 1.46 g of the title compound.

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) 8 2.45 (s, 3H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 4.90 (s, 1H), 6.33 (s, 1H), 6.98 (t, 1 H), 7.23 (m, 1 H), 7.3 7 (d, 1 H);
MS (APCI+) m/z 380 (M+H)+;
Anal. calcd for Cl7HisBrFN03: C, 53.70; H, 3.98; N, 3.68. -Found: C, 53.57; H, 3.91; N, 3.48.
Example 3B
methyl 4-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-(bromomethyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-5-oxo-1 H-cyclopenta~b~pyridine-3-carboxylate to A solution of the product from Example 3A (1.9 g, 5.0 mmol) in isopropyl alcohol (30 mL) was treated with N-bromosuccinimide (890 mg, 5.0 mmol) and stirred at ambient temperature for 45 minutes. The solvent was evaporated and the 'crude flash chromatographed to provide 1.19 g of the title compound. .
1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) ~ 2.47 (m, 2H), 2.65 (m, 2H), 3.63 (s, 3H), 4.83 (AB
q, 2H), 4.90 (s, 1 H), 6.80 (br s, 1 H), 7.00 (t, 1 H), 7.23 (m, 1 H), 7.40 (dd1 H).
Example 3 C
8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrocyclopenta~b~pyrrolo~3,4 e~pyridine-1,7-dione 2o The product from Example 3B (0.110 g, 0.24 mmol) in methyl alcohol (1.5 mL) was treated with 2M methylamine/methyl alcohol (1 mL) and stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the crude flash chromatographed (10% methyl alcohol/methylene chloride). The product was triturated with diethyl ether to provide 51.6 mg of the title compound as a white powder.
1H NMR (DMSO-d6) 8 2.30 (d, 2H), 2.65 (m, 2H), 4.08 (q, 2H), 4.55 (s, 1H), 7.22 (m, 2H), 7.45 (d, 1H), 10.32 (s, 1H);
MS (APCI+) m/z 377 (M+H)+;
MS (APCI-) m/z 375 (M-H)-;
Anal. calcd for C17Hi4BrFN202: C, 54.13; H, 3.74; N, 7.43. Found: C, 53.76; H, 3.94; N, 7.34.
Example 4 8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-ethyl-2,3,4, 5,6, 8-hexahydrocyclopenta~b~pyrrolo ~3,4-e~pyridine-1,7-dione The product from Example 3B (0.30 g, 0.52 mmol) in methyl alcohol (2 mL) was treated with 2M ethylamine/methyl alcohol (2.~. mL) and stirred 1 hour at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the crude flash chromatographed (7.5% methyl alcohollmethylene chloride) to provide 100 mg of the title compound as a brown solid.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 1.04 (t, 3H), 2.30 (t, 2H), 2.62 (t, 2H), 3.26 (q, 2H), 4.08 (q, 2H), 4.53 (s, 1 H), 7.22 (m, 2H), 7.43 (d, 1 H), 10.3 5 (s, 1 H);
to MS (APCI+) m/z 391 (M+H)+;
MS (APCI-) m/z 389 (M-H)';
Anal. calcd for C1gH16BrFN202: C, 55.26; H, 4.12; N, 7.16. Found: C, 54.92; H, 4.16; N, 6.99.
Example 5 8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuror3,4-b:3,4-e~pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione . .
The product from Example 1 B (90 mg) was heated in an oil bath at 180 °C foa l hour and then allowed to cool to ambient temperature. The residue was triturated with acetone and the solid collected, washed with acetone, and dried to provide 32 mg of the title compound as 2o a light-yellow solid.
mp >260 °C;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 4.69 (s, 1H), 4.98 (q, 4H), 7.32 (m, 2H), 7.57 (d, 1H), 10.73 (s, 1 H);
MS (ESI-) m/z 364 (M-H)';
Anal. Calcd for C15H9BrFN04: C, 49.21; H, 2.48; N, 3.83. Found: C, 49.23; H, 2.61; N, 3.69.
Example 6 8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1 H-cyclopenta~b~furo X3,4-e~pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione The product from Example 3B (85 mg, 0.19 mmol) was heated in an oil bath at °C for 1 hour and then allowed to cool to ambient temperature. The residue was triturated with acetone and the solid collected, washed with acetone, and dried to provide 30 mg of the title compound as an orange solid.
mp >260 °C;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 2.3.5 (t; 2H), 2.70 (m, 2H), 4.60 (s, 1H), 4.98 (q, 2H), 7.26 s (m, 2H), 7.50 (d, 1H), 10.71 (s, 1H);
MS (ESI-) m/z 362 (M-H)-;
Anal. Calcd for Cl6HnBrFNO3~0.2 H20: C, 51.91; H, 2.97; N, 3.77. Found: C, 52.25; H, 3.12; N, 3.81.
l0 Example 7 8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2, 3,4, 5, 6, 8-hexahydrocyclopenta[b~pyrrolo[3,4-e~pyridine-1,7-dione The product from Example 3B (300 mg, 0.65 mmol) in methanol was treated with 2-methoxyethylamine (488 mg, 6.5 mmol) at ambient temperature overnight. The solvent was 15 evaporated and the residue flash chromatographed on silica gel (10%
methanol/methylene chloride). The.product was triturated with ether, collected; and dried to provide 93 mg. of~the title compound as a yellow solid. .
mp 100 °C (dec);
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) b 2.32 (t, 2H), 2.67 (m, 2H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 3.42 (m, 4H), 4.13 20 (q, 2H), 4.57 (s, 1 H), 7.22 (m, 2H), 7.44 (d, 1 H), 10.63 (s, 1 H);
MS (ESI+) m/z 421 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI-) m/z 419 (M-H)-;
Anal. Calcd for C19H18BrFNz03~0.2 H20: C, 53.71; H, 4.37; N, 6.59. Found: C, 53.29; H, 4.59; N, 6.27.
Example 8 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1 H-pyrrolo[3,4-b~quinoline 1,8(4H)-dione 3o Example 8A
methyl 4-(3-Bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-3 carboxylate 3-Bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde (3.05 g, 15 mmol), methyl 3-aminocrotonate (1.73 g;
15 mmol) and 1,3-cyclohexanedione (1.68 g, 15 mmol) were heated in methanol at reflux for 2 hours and then allowed to cool. to ambient temperature. The precipitate was collected and dried to provide 4.89 g of the title. compound.
1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) 8 1:8-2.1 (m, 2H), 2.25-2.50 (m, 4H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 3.62 (s, 3H), 5.07 (s, 1H), 5.86 (br s, 1H), 6.95 (t, 1H), 7.23 (m, 1H), 7.39 (dd, 1H);
MS (ESI+) m/z 394 (M+H)+.
Example 8B
to methyl4-(3-Bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-(bromomethyl)-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate The product fom Example 8A (3.94 g, 10 mmol) in chloroform (25 mL) and pyridine (0.97 mL, 12 mmol) was treated with 90% pyridinium tribromide (4.26 g, 12 mmol) at -10 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 3.5 hours, quenched onto water, and extracted with chloroform (3x). The organic phases were dried (MgS04), filtered and the solvent evaporated to provide 5.5 g of the title COli~po'~2C1 as~~a yellow foam.
1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) ~ 1.80-2.15 (m; 2H), 2.30-2.62 (m, 4H), 3.66 (s; '3H~, 4.80 (s, 2H), 5.08 (s, 1 H), 6.32 (br s, 1 H), 6.97 (t, 1 H), 7.23 (m, 1 H), 7.42 (dd, 1 H).
Example 8C
9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexah dro-1H-pyrrolo~3,4-b~quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione The product from Example 8B (100 mg) in methanol (2 mL) was treated with 2.0 M
methylamine in methanol (0.75 mL) and stirred overnight. The solvent was evaporated and the crude purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (10%
methanol/methylene chloride) to provide 41 mg of the title compound as a white solid.
mp >260 °C;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 1.91 (m, 2H), 2.23 (t, 2H), 2.55 (m, 2H), 2.80 (s, 3H), 4.00 (q, 2H), 4.70 (s, 1H), 7.19 (m, 2H), 7.44 (d, 2H), 9.83 (s, 1H);
3o MS (ESI+) m/z 391 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI-) m/z 389 (M-H)~;

Anal. Calcd for C18H16BrFN202: C, 55.26; H, 4.12; N, 7.16. Found: C, 54.97; H, 4.15; N, 6.90.
Example 9 9~bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-ethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo~3,4-b~quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione The product from Example 8B (0.35 g) in methanol (2 mL) was treated with 2.0 M
ethylamine in methanol (2.35 mL) and stirred overnight. The solvents were evaporated and the crude purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (10%
methanol/methylene chloride).
to The product was triturated with ether/methanol/methylene chloride to provide 138 mg of the title compound as a white solid.
mp 241-247 °C .
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) b 1.02 (t; 3H), 1.91 (m, 2H), 2.23 (m, 2H), 2.56 (m, 2H), 3.21 (q, 2H), 4.00 (q, 2H), 4.70 (s, 1 H), 7.19 (m, 2H), 7.42 (d, 1 H), 9.83 (s, 1 H);
1s MS (ESI+) m/z 405 (M+H)+; .
MS (ESI-) m/z 403 (M-H)-; ,~ .,,, . ;.,:.~ . .
Anal. Calcd for C19H18BrFN202: C, 5,6:31; H, 4.48; N, 6.91. Found: C, 55.95;
H, 4.44; N, 6.84.
20 Example 10 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro (3,4-b~quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione The product from Example 8B (100 mg) was heated to 180 °C in an oil bath for 1 hour and then allowed to cool to ambient temperature. The residue was triturated with acetone, collected, washed with acetone and dried to provide 40 mg of the title compound as 25 a pink solid.
mp >260 °C;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) ~ 1.91 (m , 2H), 2.25 (m , 2H), 2.58 (m, 2H), 4.68 (s, 1H), 4.90 (q, 2H), 7.23 (m, 2H), 7.44 (d, 1 H), 10.19 (s, 1 H);
MS (ESI+) m/z 378 (M+H)+;
3o MS (ESI-) m/z 376 (M-H)-;
Anal. Calcd for C17H13BrFN03: C, 53.99; H, 3.46; N, 3.70. Found: C, 53.91; H, 3.46; N, 3.58.

Example 11 9-~3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo~3,4-b~quinoline-1,8(4H) dione The product from Example 8B (0.40 g) in methanol (35 mL) was treated with ammonia (35 mL) at ambient temperature for 20 hours in a high pressure bomb.
The solvent was evaporated and the precipitate collected, washed with 10%
methanol/methylene chloride, water, and dried under vacuum at 90 °C overnight to provide 93 mg of the title compound as a gray powder.
mp >260 °C;.
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 1.90 (m, 2H), 2.25 (m, 2H), 2.55 (m, 2H), 3.92 (q~
2H)', 4.70 (s, 1H), 7.19 (m, 2H), 7.44 (m, 2H), 9.78 (s, 1H);
MS (ESI+) m/z 377 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI-) m/z 375 (M-H)-;
Anal. Calcd for C17H14BrFN202~0.6 H20: C, 52.62; H, 3.95; N, 7.22. Found: C, 52.29; H,.
3.76; N, 7.38. ..
Example 12 8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-~2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl~-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrocyclopenta~b~pyrrolo~3,4-e~pyridine-1,7-dione hydrochloride 2-(4-Morpholino)ethylamine was substituted for methylamine and processed as described in Example 3C to provide the title compound as a white solid. The free amine (80 mg) was dissolved in methyl alcohol and treated with hydrochloric acid (1M in diethyl ether, 10 equiv). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 minutes. After removal of the volatiles, the residue was triturated with diethyl ether to provide the title compound (82 mg) as a brown solid.
MS (ESI(+)) m/z 476 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 474 (M-H)-;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) ~ 2.32 (t, 2H), 2.68 (m, 2H), 3.0-4.0 (m, 8H), 4.22 (q, 2H), 4.59 (s, 1H), 7.25 (m, 2H), 7.51 (d, 1H), 10.28 (br s, 1H), 10.61 (s, 1H);

Anal. Calcd for C22H24BrC1FN303~0.65 CH2C12~2.5 H2O: C, 44.38; H, 4.98; N, 6.85; Cl, 13.32. Found: C,44.01; H, 5.04; N, 7.02; Cl, 13.57.
Example 13 8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-~2-(dimethylamino)ethyl-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrocyclopenta~b~pyrrolo~3,4-e~pyridine-1,7-dione hydrochloride 2-Dimethylaminoethylamine was substituted for methylamine and processed as described in Example 3C to provide the title compound as a white solid. The free amine was dissolved in methyl alcohol and treated with hydrochloric acid (1M in diethyl ether, 10 equiv). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 minutes. After removal of the volatiles, the residue was triturated with diethyl ether to provide the title compound (75 mg) as a brown solid.
MS (ESI(+)) m/z 434 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 432 (M-H)-;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 2.32 (t, 2H), 2.49 (s, 6H), 2.55-2.80 (m, 4H), 3.48-(m, 2H), 4.17 (s, 2H),.4.59 (s, 1H), 7.23 (d, 2H), 7.48 (d, 1H), 9.43 (br s, 1H), 10.53 (s, 1H); ' , Anal. Calcd for CzoH2zBrC1FN302~0.2 CHZCl2~ 1:8 H20: C, 46.64; H, 5.04; N, 8.08; Cl, 10:09:' Found: C,46.26; H, 5.21; N, 7.74; Cl, 9.88.
2o Example 14 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1 H-pyrrolo ~3,4-b~quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione 2-Methoxyethylamine was substituted for methylamine and processed as described in Example 8C to provide the title compound as a white solid.
mp 206-208 °C;
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 433 (M-H)';
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 1.92 (m, 2H), 2.23 (t, 2H), 2.55 (m, 2H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 3.32 (t, 2H), 3.39 (m, 2H), 4.05 (q, 2H), 4.70 (s, 1H), 7.20 (m, 2H), 7.42 (d, 1H), 9.83 (s, 1H);
Anal. Calcd for CaoHZOBrFN203: C, 55.19; H, 4.63; N, 6.44. Found: C, 54.86; H, 4.44; N, 6.06.
Example 15 (9R)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1 H-pyrrolo ~3,4-b~quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione Example 15A
4-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid Boron trichloride (1M in methylene chloride, 200 mL) was added to a solution of the product from Example 8A (19.7 g, 50 mmol) in 50 mL of methylene chloride cooled in an ice bath. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at ambient temperature and then was diluted to with 1000 mL of ice-water and 750 mL of ethyl acetate. After the addition of ethyl acetate, a fine solid was formed, collected, washed with additional ethyl acetate and dried under vacuum at 90 °C to provide the title compound (16.9 g, 89%) as a white powder.
mp 225-228 °C;
MS (ESI(+)) m/z 380 (M+H)+;
.MS (ESI(-)) m/z 378 (M-H)-; , -1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 1.70-.1.95 ~(m, 2H), 2.20 (t, 2H), 2.30 (s~
3H~,'2:4~ (m2H), 4. 87 (s, 1 H), 7.13 (m, 1 H), 7.20 (t, 1 H), ' 7.3 6 (d, 1 H), 9.14 (s, 1 H), 11. 8 (br s; ~ 1 H); ' v .
Anal. Calcd for C17H15BrFN03: C, 53.70; H, 3.98; N, 3.68. Found: C, 53.43; H, 3.92; N, 3.56.
Example 15B
(2R)-( ~ (4-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-1,4, 5, 6, 7, 8-hexahydro-quinolinyl~carbonyl)oxy)(phenyl)ethanoic acid To a solution of Example 15A (16.9 g, 44.5 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (150 mL) at -10 °C was added thionyl chloride (5.29 g, 44.5 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at -10 °C for 1.5 hours. (R)-mandelic acid (6.77 g, 44.5 mmol) was added, followed by the addition of triethylamine (4.5 g, 44.5 mmol). The reaction mixture was kept at -10 °C for another 2 hours and at ambient temperature for an hour before it was quenched with ethyl acetate:diethyl ether (1:2) and water. The organic layer was dried, filtered, and concentrated to provide the crude diastereomeric mixture (20 g). The title compound was isolated as the more polar diastereomer after flash chromatography (silica, methyl alcohol:methylene chloride:acetic acid, 10:90:0.5) as yellow solid.

MS (ESI(+)) m/z 514 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI(-)) mlz 512 (M-H)-;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) b 1.70-1.81 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.94 (m, 1H), 2.20 (m, 2H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.48 (m, 2H), 4.87 (s, 1H), 7.13-7.28 (m, 3H), 7.38-7.45 (m, SH), 9.37 (s, 1H);
Anal. Calcd for C25H21BrFN05: C, 58.38; H, 4.12; N, 2.72. Found: C, 57.93; H, 4.47; N, 2.33.
Example 15C
methyl (4R)-4-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-3-l0 quinolinecarboxylate The product from Example 15B (257 mgt 0.5 mmol) was dissolved in methyl alcohol (50 mL). Metallic sodium (0.58 g, 25 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was refluxed overnight. After concentration, the residue was treated with hydrochloric acid (2M) to pH 7, and diluted with water (50 mL). After being allowed to cool, the mixture was extracted several times with methylene chloride. The combined organic layers were dried .;over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to provide the title compound as a.white foamy solid (153 mg, 84%). .
Example 15D
(9R)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo~3,4-b~quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione The product from Example 15C was processed as described in Example 8C to provide the title compound as a white powder.
MS (ESI(+)) m/z 391 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 389 (M-H)-;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 1.91 (m, 2H), 2.23 (m, 2H), 2.55 (m, 2H), 2.79 (s, 3H), 4.02 (q, 2H), 4.70 (s, 1 H), 7.19 (m, 2H), 7.42 (d, 1 H), 9.82 (s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C18H16BrFNa02 0.4 CH2C12: C, 51.97; H, 3.98; N, 6.59. Found:
C, 51.95; H, 3.89; N, 6.60.
Example 16 (9R)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro(3,4-b~quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione The product from Example 15C was processed as described in Example 10 to provide the title compound as a brown solid.
MS (APCI-) m/z 376 (M-H)'; .
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 1.92 (m, 2H),~2.25 (m, 2H), 2.57 (m, 2H), 4.68 (s, 1H), 4.88 (q, 2H), 7.23 (m, 2H), 7.44 (d, 1H), 10.18'(s, 1H);
Anal. Calcd for C17H13BrFN03: C, 53.99 ; H, 3.46; N, 3.70. Found: C, 54.10; H, 3.69; N, 3.88.
Example 17 to (9R)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,5,6;7,9-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo~3,4-b~quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione The product from Example 15C was processed as described in Example 11 to provide the. title compound as a yellow powder.
MS (APCI-) m/z 375 (M-H)-, 411 (M+Cl-)-;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 1.90 (m, 2H), 2.23 (m; 2H), 2.55 (m, 2H), 3.93 (q, 2H), 4.70 (s, 1 H), 7.2 0 (m, 2H), 7.42 (d, 1 H), 7.47 (s, 1 H), 9:80 (s; 1 H); .
Anal. Calcd for C17H14BrFN202Ø5 HZO: C, 52.87; H, 3.91; N, 7.25. Found: C, 52.87; H, .
3.80; N, 7.21.
2o Example 18 (9S)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro~3,4-b~quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione Example 18A
4-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid Boron trichloride (1 M in methylene chloride, 200 mL) was added to a solution of the product from Example 8A (19.7 g, 50 mmol) in 50 mL of methylene chloride cooled in an ice bath. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at ambient temperature and then diluted with 1000 mL of ice-water and 750 mL of ethyl acetate. After the addition of ethyl acetate, a fine solid was formed, collected, washed with additional ethyl acetate and dried under vacuum at 90 °C to provide the title compound (16.9 g, 89%) as a white powder.

mp 225-228 °C;
MS (ESI(+)) m/z 380 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI(-)) mlz 378 (M-H)';
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 1.70-1.95 (m, 2H), 2.20 (t, 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.45 (m, 2H), 4. 8 7 (s, 1 H), 7.13 (m, 1 H), 7.20 (t, 1 H); 73 6 (d, 1 H), 9.14 (s, 1 H), 11. 8 (br s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C17H15BrFN03: C, 53.70; H, 3.98; N, 3.68. Found: C, 53.43; H, 3.92; N, 3.56.
Example 18B
to (2R)-({ ~4-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-3-guinolinyl~carbonyl~oxy)(phenyl)ethanoic acid To a solution of the product from Example 18A (16.9 g, 44.5 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (150 mL) at -10 °C was added thionyl chloride (5.29 g, 44.5 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at -10 °C for 1-.5 hours. (R)-mandelic acid (6.77 g, 44.5 mmol) was added, followed by the addition of triethylamine (4.5 g, 44.5 mmol). The reaction mixture was kept at -10 °C for another 2°liours arid at ariibient temperature for an hour, before it was quenched with ethyl acetate:diethyl ether (1:2), and water. The organic layer was dried, filtered, and concentrated to provide the crude diastereomeric mixture (20 g).
The title compound was isolated as the less polar diastereomer after flash chromatography (silica, 2o methyl alcohol:methylene chloride:acetic acid, 10:90:0.5) as a yellow solid.
MS (ESI(+)) m/z 514 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 512 (M-H)';
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 1.70-1.81 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.94 (m, 1H), 2.20 (m, 2H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 2.48 (m, 2H), 4.87 (s, 1H), 7.13-7.28 (m, 3H), 7.38-7.45 (m, SH), 9.37 (s, 1H);
Anal. Calcd for C25H21BrFN05 0.2 C7H8: C, 59.52; H, 4.28; N, 2.63. Found: C, 59.90; H, 4.57; N, 2.35.
Example 18C
methyl (4S)-4- 3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexah dro-3-quinolinecarboxylate The product from Example 18B (257 mg, 0.5 mmol) was dissolved in methyl alcohol (50 mL). Metallic sodium (0.58 g, 25 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was refluxed overnight. After concentration, the residue was treated with hydrochloric acid (2 M) to pH 7, and diluted with water (50 mL). After being allowed to cool, the mixture was extracted several times with methylene chloride. The combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered; and concentrated to provide the title compound as a white foamy solid (153 mg, 84%).~ Absolute stereochemistry was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis.
Example 18D
(9S)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro~3,4-b~quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione to The product from. Example 18C was processed as described in Example 10 to provide the title compound as a light.pink powder.
MS (ESI(-)) mlz 376 (M-H)-;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) b 1.91 (m, 2H), 2.26 (m, 2H), 2.58 (m , 2H), 4.68 (s, 1H), 4.89 (q, 2H), 7.23 (m, 2H), 7.44 (d, 1H), 10.17 (s, 1H);
Anal. Calcd for C17H13BrFN03Ø2, H20: C, 53.48; H, 3.54; N, 3.67. Found: C, 53.18; H, 3:92; N,.3.46. .. . , , .
Example 19 (9S)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1 H-pyrrolo ~3,4-2o b]quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione The product from Example 18G was processed as described in Example 8C to provide the title compound as a pale yellow solid.
MS (ESI(+)) m/z 391 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 389 (M-H)-;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 1.90 (m, 2H), 2.24 (m, 2H), 2.55 (m, 2H), 2.78 (s, 3H), 4.02 (q, 2H), 4.69 (s, 1 H), 7.18 (m, 2H), 7.43 (d, 1 H), 9.80 (s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C18H16BrFN202: C, 55.26; H, 4.12; N, 7.16. Found: C, 54.99; H, 4.08; N, 7.03.
3o Example 20 (9S)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo~3,4-b~quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione The product from Example 18C was processed as described in Example 11 to provide the title compound as a beige solid.
MS (ESI(+)) m/z 377 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 375 (M-H)';
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 1.90 (m, 2H), 2.23 (m, 2H), 2.55 (m, 2H), 3.93 (q, 2H), 4.69 (s, 1H), 7.19 (m, 2H), 7.42 (d, 1H), 7.48 (s, 1H), 9.80 (s, 1H);
Anal. Calcd for C17H14BrFN202Ø4 CH2C12: C, 50.83; H, 3.63; N, 6.81. Found:
C, 50.67; H, 3.80; N, 6.75.
Example 21 9-L-cyanophenyl)-2~methyl-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo~3,4-b~guinoline-1,8(4H)-dione 3-Cyanobenzaldehyde was substituted for 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde and processed as described in Example 8C to provide the title compound as a yellow solid.
MS (ESI +) m/z 320 (M~H)~;
MS (ESI -) m/z 318 (M-H)'; , 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) ~ 1.88-1.94 (m, 2H), 2.21-2.26 (m, 2H), 2.54-2.57 (m, 2H), e°
2.78 (s, 3H), 4.00 (q, 2H), 4.74 (s, 1H), 7.42 (t, 1H), 7.52-7.58 (m, 3H), 9.83 (s, 1H);
Anal. Calcd for C19H17N3O2Ø6 H20: C, 69.33; H, 5.27; N, 12.77. Found: C, 68.87; H, 5.71;
2o N, 12.42.
Example 22 8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-6-methyl-2,3,4,5,6, 8-hexahydro-7H-pyrrolo X3,4-b~thieno ~2,3-e~pyridin-7-one 1,1-dioxide Example 22A
methyl 7-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-2,3,4,7-tetrahydrothieno X3,2-b~pyridine-6-carboxylate 1,1-dioxide 3-Bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde (2.03 g, 10 mmol), 3-aminocrotonate (1.15 g, 10 3o mmol) and tetrahydrothiophene-3-oxo-1,1-dioxide prepared as described in (J. Heterocycl.
Chem., v. 27 pp. 1453 (1990)) (1.29 g, 9.6 mmol) were suspended in methyl alcohol (30 mL).
The reaction mixture was stirred in a sealed tube at 65 °C overnight.
The white precipitate formed (hemiaminal intermediate) was filtered and washed with acetone. That intermediate was suspended again in methyl alcohol and treated with hydrochloric acid (1M
in diethyl ether, 10 mL). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 2 hours. After concentration, the white residue was triturated with diethyl ether and filtered to provide the title compound (2:88 g~ .
72%) as a white 'solid.
mp 232-234 °C;
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 416 (M-H)-;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.75-3.05 (m, 2H), 3.28-3.35 (m, 2H), 3.52 (s, 3H), 4.87 (s, 1H), 7.19 (m, 1H), 7.26 (t, 1H), 7.48 (d, 1H), 9.50 (s, 1H);
l0 Anal. Calcd for C16H15BrFN04S: C, 46.17; H, 3.63; N, 3.36. Found: C, 46.13;
H; 3.78; N;
3.27.
Example 22B
8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-6-methyl-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydro-7H-pyrrolo~3,4-b~thienol2,3-e~pyridin-7-one l , l -dioxide The product. from Example 22A (104 mg, 0.25 mmol) was dissolved in chloroform (2' mL) and treated with pyridiriium tribromide (58 mg, 0.275 mW o1) at -10 °C. The reaction"
mixture was warmed up to ambient temperature gradually, and stirred for 2 hours.
Methylamine (2.0M in methyl alcohol, 1.4 mL) was added to the reaction mixture. After 2o stirring at ambient temperature overnight, the reaction mixture was concentrated, and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography (silica, 7.5% methyl alcohol-methylene chloride) to provide the title compound (26 mg, 25%) as a light yellow powder.
MS (ESI(+)) m/z 413 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 411 (M-H)-;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 2.78 (s, 3H), 2.82-3.10 (m , 2H), 3.36 (t, 2H), 4.04 (q, 2H), 4.78 (s, 1 H), 7.27 (m , 2H), 7.48 (d, 1 H), 9.96 (s, 1 H).
Example 23 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1 H-cyclopenta~b~ ~
1,6~naphthyridine-1 8(2H)-dione 3-Bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde (1 mmol, 203 mg), piperidine-2,4-dione, prepared using a similar procedure as described in (Lowe, G. and Yeung, H.W., J. Chem.
Soc. Perkin I, (1973) 2907-2910, from (3-alanine ethyl ester hydrochloride and ethyl malonyl chloride), (1 mmol, 113 mg) and 3-amino-2-cyclopenten-1-one (1 mmol, 97 mg) were suspended in ethyl alcohol (5 mL). The reaction mixture was heated in a sealed tube at 80 °C.for'a period of 48 hours. The precipitate formed was collected by filtration, washed with cold ethyl alcohol and dried under vacuum to provide the title compound (122 mg, 32%).
MS (APCI+) m/z 377 (M+H)+;
1H NMR (DMSO-d6) b 2.25 (t, 2H), 2.40-2.70 (m, 4H), 3.15-3.35 (m, 2H), 4.70 (s, 1H), 7.07 (bs, 1 H), 7.17-7.22 (m, 2H), 7.42 (dd, 1 H), 9.83 (s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C17Hi4Na0aFBr: C, 54.13; H, 3.74; N, 7.43. Found: C, 53.91; H, 3.82; N, ' 7.42:
Example 24 10-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,6,7,8,10-hexahydrobenzo~b~ ~1,6~naphthyridine-1,9(2H,SH)-dione 3-Bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde (1 mmol, 203 mg), piperidine-2,4-dione (1 mmol, mg) and3-amino-2-cyclohexen-1-one: (1 mmol, 1'1:l mg) were suspended in ethyl:alcohoh (5 . ' mL). The reaction mixture was heated in a'sealed~tube at 50 °C for a period of 72 hours. The precipitate formed was collected by filtration, washed with cold ethyl alcohol and dried under vacuum to provide the title compound (218 mg, 56%).
2o MS (ESI+) m/z 391 (M+H)+;
1H NMR (DMSO-d6) 8 1.70-1.97 (m, 2H), 2.15-2.25 (m, 2H), 2.36-2.59 (m, 4H), 3.13-3.23 (m, 2H), 4.90 (s, 1 H), 7.00 (bs, 1 H), 7.15-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.39 (dd, 1 H), 9.28 (s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C18H16N202FBr: C, 55.26; H, 4.12; N, 7.16. Found: C, 55.06; H, 4.32; N, 7.14.
Example 25 (9S)-9-(4-fluoro-3-iodophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro~3,4-b~quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione Example 25A
(3-amino-4-fluorophenyl)methanol 3-Amino-4-fluorobenzoic acid (15 g, 97 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran at 0 °C
was treated with 1.0 M borane-tetrahydrofuran complex (50 mL), stirred overnight at room temperature, treated with an additional 130 mL of 1.0 M borane-tetrahydrofuran complex, stirred 10 hours, quenched by the addition of methanol, stirred 3 hours at room temperature, concentrated and partitioned between aqueous sodium bicarbonate/methylene chloride. The methylene chloride layer was dried (sodium sulfate), filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica gel (ethyl acetate/hexane 1:1 ) to provide 7.0 g of the title compound.
1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) 8 4.58 (s, 2H), 6.67 (br m, 1H), 6.81 (d, 1H), 6.95 (t, 1H).
Example 25B
(4-fluoro-3-iodophenyl)methanol The product from Example 25A (7.0 g, 50 mmol) in water (100 mL) at 0 °C was treated slowly with concentrated sulfuric acid (30 mL) at a rate to maintain the temperature below 10 °C and then treated dropwise with an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite (3.45 g, 50 mmol). This solution was then added to a solution of potassium iodide (8.13 g, 50 mmol) in water (15 mL), heated to 60 °C for 2 hours, cooled and extracted with methylene chloride.
The methylene chloiide layer was washed with 10% sodium hydroxide, washed with 1 M ' sodium thiosulfate; washed with 10% hydrochloric acid; washed with aqueous sodium bicarbonate, dried (sodium sulfate), filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica gel (ethyl acetate/hexane 7:3) to provide 6.4 g of the title 2o compound.
1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) S 1.69 (t, 1H), 4.66 (d, 2H), 7.05 (t, 1H), 7.60 (d, 1H), 7.78 (dd, 1 H).
Example 25C
4-fluoro-3-iodobenzaldehyde The product from Example 25B (6.4 g, 26 mmol) in chloroform (300 mL) was treated with manganese dioxide (4.5 g, 50 mmol), stirred overnight, treated with an additional portion of manganese dioxide (2.25 g), stirred overnight, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica gel (ethyl acetate/hexane 1:4) to 3o provide 1.9 g of the title compound.
1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) 8 7.23 (t, 1H), 7.89 (m, 1H), 8.32 (dd, 1H), 9.91 (s, 1H).

Example 25D
(9S)-9-(4-fluoro-3-iodophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro~3,4-blquinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione 4-Fluoro-3-iodobenzaldehyde.was substituted for 3=bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde and processed as described in Example 18C toeprovide the title compound as a white powder.
MS (ESI(+)) m/z 426 (M+H)~; . .
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 424 (M-H)-;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 1.85-1.95 (m, 2H), 2.22-2.27 (m, 2H), 2.56-2.59 (m, 2H), 4.63 (s, 1 H), 4. 89 (q, 2H), 7.12 (t, 1 H), 7.20 (dt, 1 H), 7.60 (dd, 1 H), 10.18 (br s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C17H13FIN03: C, 48.02; H, 3.08; N, 3.29. Found: C, 47.86; H, 3.35; N, 3.22.
to Example 26 10-(3-bromo-4-fluoropheriyl)-3,4,6,7,8,10-hexahydropyrido~4,3-b~ ( 1,6~naphthyridine 1,9(2H,SH)-dione A mixture of 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde (1 mmol, 203 mg) and piperidine-2,4-dione (2 mmol, 226 mg) in ethyl alcohol (5 mL) was treated with ammonia (2 M
in ethyl alcohol, 1 mmoh 0.5 mL). The reaction mixture;was heated in a sealed tube at 70 °C for a period of 48 hours. The precipitate formed was collected ;by filtration, washed with cold ethyl .
alcohol and dried under vacuum to provide the title compound (150 mg, 38%).
MS (APCI+) m/z 392 (M+H)+;
1H NMR (DMSO-d6) 8 2.32-2.56 (m, 4H), 3.12-3.22 (m, 4H), 4.93 (s, 1H), 6.94 (bs, 2H), 7.18-7.22 (m, 2H), 7.42 (dd, 1 H), 8.98 (s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C17Hi5N302FBr: C, 52.06; H, 3.85; N, 10.71. Found: C, 52.09;
H, 4.11; N, 10.36.
Example 27 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-7-methyl-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydropyrrolo~3,4-b~thiopyrano~2,3-e~pyridin-8(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide Example 27A
methyl8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-6-methyl-3,4,5,8-tetrahydro-2H-thiopyrano~3,2-b~pyridine-7-carboxylate 1,1-dioxide 3-Bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde (2.03 g, 10 mmol), 3-aminocrotonate (1.15 g, 10 mmol) and tetrahydrothiopyran-3-one-1,1-dioxide prepared as described in (J.
Heterocycl.
Chem. (1990), 27, 1453) (1.48 g, 10 mmol) were suspended in methyl alcohol (30 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred in a sealed tube at 65 °C overnight. The precipitate formed was collected and washed with acetone to provide the desired product (3.11 g, 72%) as a white powder.
mp 255 °C; ' MS (ESI(-)) m/z 430 (M-H)';
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 2.18 (m, 2H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.43-2.55 (m, 2H), 3.14-3.22 (m, 2H), 3.5 8 (s, 3H), 4.97 (s, 1 H); 7.19 (m, 1 H), 7.25 (t, 1 H), 7.3 6 (d, 1 H), 9.12 (s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C17H17BrFN04S: C; 47:45; H, 3.98; N, 3.26. Found: C, 47.40; H, 4.11; N, 3.21.
Example 27B
9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-7-methyl-3',4,5;6,7,9-hexahydropyrrolo~3,4-b~thiopyrano[2,3-e~pyridin-8(2H)-one- l,l-dioxide The product from Example 27A (107:5 mg, 0.25 mmol) was dissolved in chloroform (2 mL) and treated with pyridine (0.30 mmol). The reaction mixture was cooled to -10 °C, and then pyridinium tribromide (98 mg, 0.275 mmol) was added. After stirring at -10 °C for 1 2o hour and at ambient temperature for another 1 hour, the reaction mixture was treated with hydrochloric acid (1 M, 2 mL), and extracted with chloroform (3 x 3 mL). The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give a white foamy solid. This solid was dissolved in methyl alcohol (2 mL) and treated with methylamine (2 M
in methyl alcohol, 1.25 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight.
Following concentration, the residue was flash chromatographed (silica gel, 10% methyl alcohol-methylene chloride) to provide the title compound (49 mg, 46%) as a light yellow powder.
MS (ESI(+)) m/z 427 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI(-)) mlz 425 (M-H)-;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 2.18-2.24 (m, 2H), 2.58 (m, 2H), 2.78 (s, 3H), 3.16-3.22 (m, 2H), 3.98 (q, 2H), 4.86 (s, 1 H), 7.26 (m, 2H), 7.43 (d, 1 H), 9.60 (s, 1 H);

Anal. Calcd for Cl7HisBrFN203S: C, 47.79; H, 3.77; N, 6.56. Found: C, 47.31;
H, 4.03; N, 6.31.
Example 28 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,6,9-tetrahydro-2H-furo~3,4-b~thiopyranor2,3-e~pyridin-8(SH)-one 1,1-dioxide The product from Example 27A (860 mg, 2 mmol) was dissolved in chloroform (15 mL) and treated with pyridine (2.4 mmol). The reaction mixture was cooled to -10 °C, and then pyridinium tribromide (782 mg, 2.2 mmol) was added. After stirring at -10 °C for 1 hour 1 o and at ambient temperature for another 1 hour, the reaction mixture was treated with hydrochloric acid (1 M, 15 mL); and extracted with chloroform (3 x 15 mL). The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give a white foamy solid. This solid was heated at 144 °C for 1 hour. Flash chromatography (silica gel, 10%
methyl alcohol-methylene chloride) provided the title compound (345 mg, 63%) as a white 1s solid.
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 412 (M-H)-, . . , 1-H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 2:18-2:22 (m, 2H), 2.56-2.61 (m, 2H), 3'.1'8=3.23 (m, 2H), 4.86 (s, 1H), 4.87 (q, 2H); 7.28 (m, 2H), 7.47 (d, 1H), 10.03 (br s, 1H);
Anal. Calcd for C16H13BrFN04S: C, 46.39; H, 3.16; N, 3.38. Found: C, 46.65; H, 3.46; N, 20 3.31.
Example 29 (8R)-8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrocyclopenta(b~pyrrolo~3,4-e~pyridine-1,7-dione 25 The enantiomerically pure title compound was obtained after chiral HPLC
resolution (Chiralcel OD, 4.6x250mm, hexane:ethanol, 90:10) of the corresponding racemate prepared as described in Example 3C.
light yellow crystalline solid;
MS (ESI(+)) m/z 377 (M+H)+;
3o MS (ESI(-)) m/z 375 (M-H)-;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 2.30 (t, 2H), 2.55-2.67 (m, 2H), 2.80 (s, 3H), 4.08 (q, 2H), 4.56 (s, 1 H), 7.21 (m, 2H), 7.44 (d, 1 H);
82 ..

Anal. Calcd for C17H14BrFN202: C, 54.13; H, 3.74; N, 7.43. Found: C, 53.96; H, 3.89; N, 7.17.
Example 30 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,6,9-tetrahydro-2H-furo~3,4-b~thiopyrano~2,3-e~pyridin-8(5H)-one 1,1-dioxide Example 30A
~1R,2S,SR)-5-methyl-2-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)cyclohexyl 9- 3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-8-l0 oxo-2,3,4,6,8,9-hexahydro-SH-furo~3,4-b~thiopyrano[2,3-e~pyridine-5-carboxylate 1,1-dioxide To a suspension of the product from Example 28 (1.02 g, 2.46 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) kept at 0 °C under nitrogen was added slowly potassium t-butoxide (1 M in tetrahydrofuran, 2.46 mL). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm up to ambient temperature for a period of l0,minutes and then cooled back to 0 °C.
Then a solution of 8-phenylmenthol chloroformate prepared from (-)-8-phenylmenthol as described in (Reference:
Yamamoto, Y., J. Amer. Chem°°. Soc.,,(19.92), 114, 121-125) (0.727 g, 2.46 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (25 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm up to ambient temperature again and stirred for another two hours. Then it was poured into an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and extracted with a mixture of diethyl ether and ethyl acetate (4:1, 3 x 25 mL). The layers were separated and the organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. Flash column chromatography (silica, diethyl ether:hexane, 85:15) of the residue provided the less polar diastereomer (750 mg) and the more polar diastereomer (655 mg).
Example 30B
9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,6,9-tetrahydro-2H-furo~3,4-b~thiopyrano(2,3-e~pyridin-8 (SH)-one l , l -dioxide A solution of the less polar diastereomer from Example 30A (639 mg) in methyl 3o alcohol (10 mL) was treated with a 25% sodium methoxide solution in methyl alcohol (three drops) under nitrogen. The solution slowly turned into a suspension. After completion of the reaction (evidenced by TLC) a few drops of acetic acid were added resulting in the formation of a precipitate that was isolated by filtration and air dried to provide the title compound (210 mg, 53% yield) as a white solid.
MS (ESI(-)) mlz 412 (M-H)-;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 2.18-2.22 (m, 2H), 2.56-2.61 (m, 2H), 3.18-3.23 (in~2I~;' 4.86 (s, ~l H); 4:87 (q, 2H), 7.28 (m, 2H), 7.47 (d, 1 H), 10.03 (br s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C16H13BrFNOaS: C, 46.39; H, 3.16; N, 3.38. Found: C, 46.55; H, 3.1'6; N, 3.23.
Example 31 to (8S)-8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-2,3;4,5,6,8-hexahydrocyclopenta~b~pyrrolo~3;4~~
e~pyridine-1,7-dione The enantiorrierically pure title compound was obtained after chiral HPLC
resolution (Chiralcel OD, 4.6x250mm, hexane:ethanol, 90:10) of the corresponding racemate prepared as described in Example 3C. Absolute stereochemistry was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis.
light yellowcrystalline~solid::;
MS (ESI(+)) m/z 377 (M+H)+;~,, MS (ESI(-)) mlz 375 (M-H)-;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 2.30 (t, 2H), 2.55-2.67 (m, 2H), 2.80 (s, 3H), 4.08 (q, 2H), 2o 4.56 (s, 1 H), 7.21 (m, 2H), 7.44 (d, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C17Hi4BrFN20aØ5 H20: C, 52.87; H, 3.91; N, 7.25. Found: C, 53.16; H, 4.13; N, 6.78.
Example 32 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,6,9-tetrahydro-2H-furo~3,4-b~thiopyrano~2,3-e~pyridin-8(SH)-one 1,1-dioxide The more polar diastereomer from Example 30A (655 mg) was processed as described in Example 30B to provide the title compound as a white solid (290 mg, 72°f°).
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 412 (M-H)-;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 2.18-2.22 (m, 2H), 2.56-2.61 (m, 2H), 3.18-3.23 (m, 2H), 4.86 (s, 1H), 4.87 (q, 2H), 7.28 (m, 2H), 7.47 (d, 1H), 10.03 (br s, 1H);

Anal. Calcd for C16Hi3BrFN04S: C, 46.39; H, 3.16; N, 3.38. Found: C, 46.39; H;
3.24; N, 3.33 Example 33 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro=1H-pyirolo~3,4-b~ quinoline-1, 8 (4H)-dione ' 2-Ethoxyethylamine was substituted for methylamine and processed as described in Example 8C to provide the title compound.
MS (APCI(+)) m/z 451 (M+H)+;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) ~ 1.15 (t, 3H), 1.82-1.97 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.30 ~(ni, 2H), 2.50-2.65 (rig, 2H), 3.35-3.45 (m, 6H), 4.08 (q, 2H), 4.72 (s, 1H), 7.15-7.25 (m, 2H),°7°:45 (m, 1H), 9.80 (s,' 1H).
Example 34 f9Rl-9-(3-bromo-4-fluoronhenvl)-2-(2-ethoxvethvl)-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahvdro-1H-pvrrolof3~4-b~quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione The enantiomerically pure title compound was obtained as described in Example-: BC~
using the product from Example 18C, and substituting 2-ethoxyethylamine for methylamine.
MS (APCI(+)) m/z 451 (M+H)+;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 1.08 (t, 3H), 1.82-1.98 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.30 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.65 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.50 (m, 6H), 4.06 (q, 2H), 4.70 (s, 1H), 7.15-7.25 (m, 2H), 7.45 (m, 1H), 9.79 (s, 1H).
Example 35 (9S)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo~3,4-b~ quinoline-1, 8 (4H)-dione The enantiomerically pure title compound was obtained as described in Example using the product from Example 15C and substituting 2-ethoxyethylamine for methylamine.
yellow solid:
3o MS (ESI(+)) m/z 449 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 447 (M-H)-;

1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) b 1.6 (t, 3H), 1.85-1.94 (m, 2H), 2.22-2.28 (m, 2H), 2.53-2.58 (m, 2H), 3.34-3.45 (m, 6H), 4.18 (q, 2H), 4.70 (s, 1H), 7.17-7.22 (m, 2H), 7.42 (d, 1H), 9.82 (s, 1H);
Anal. Calcd for C21Ha2BrFN2O3: C, 56.14; H, 4.94; N, 6.23. Found: C, 56:43; H, 4.99; N, 5:98.
Example 36 (9S)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-cyclopropyl-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1 H-pyrrolo~3,4-b~quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione l0 The enantiomerically pure title compound was obtained as described in Example 8C
using the product from Example 15C, and substituting cyclopropylamine for methylamine.
MS (APCI(+)) m/z 419 (M+H)+;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 0.58-0.65 (m, 4H), 1.80-1.98 (m, 2H), 2.0'5 (s;.1H), 2.20-2.28 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.65 (m, 2H), 3.90 (q, 2H), 4.65 (s, 1H), 7.15-7.22 (m, 2H), 7:45 (m, 1H), 1 s 9.80 (s, 1~H).
Example' 37 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydrothieno X3,2-b~ ~
1,6~naphthyridin-8(4H)-one 1,1-dioxide 2o A suspension of 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde (2.19 mmol, 444 mg), piperidine-2,4-dione (2.19 mmol, 247 mg) and tetrahydrothiophene-3-oxo-1,1-dioxide (2,19 mmol, 293 mg) in ethyl alcohol (10 mL) was treated with ammonium acetate (1.5 equiv, 3.29 mmol) and heated in a sealed tube at 80 °C for a period of 72 hours. The white precipitate formed was collected by filtration. Flash column chromatography (silica gel, methylene chloride:methyl 25 alcohol, 10:1 to 5:1) of that precipitate afforded the title compound (80 mg, 9% yield).
MS (APCI+) m/z 413 (M+H)+;
1H NMR (DMSO-d6) ~ 2.33-2.53 (m, 2H), 2.73-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.94-3.07 (m, 2H), 3.13-3.22 (m, 2H), 4.90 (s, 1H), 7.08 (bs, 1H), 7.19-7.27 (m, 2H), 7.41 (dd, 1H), 9.50 (s, 1H);
Anal. Calcd for C16Hi4N2O3SFBr: C, 46.50; H, 3.41; N, 6.78. Found: C, 46.24;
H, 3.55; N, 30 6.72.
Example 38 ~9R)-9-(4-fluoro-3-iodophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro~3,4-b~quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione The product from Example 15C and 4-Fluoro-3-iodobenzaldehyde from Example 25C
were processed as described in Example 16 to provide the title compound as a pink powder.
MS (ESI(+)) m/z 426 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI(-)) mlz 424 (M-H)-;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 1.85-1.95 (m, 2H), 2.22-2.27 (m, 2H), 2.56-2.59 (m, 2H), 4.63 (s, 1 H), 4. 89 (q, 2H), 7.12 (t, 1 H), 7.20 (dt, 1 H), 7.60 (dd, 1 H), 10.18 (br s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C17HI3FINO3: C, 48.02; H, 3.08; N, 3.29. Found: C, 47.92; H, 3.06; N, 3.10.
lo.. Example 39 (9R)-9-~3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro (3,4-b~quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione The product from Example 15C and 3-chloro-4-fluorobenzaldeliyde were processed as described in Example 16 to provide the title compound as a brown solid.
MS (ESI(+)) m/z 334 (M+H)~;
-MS (ESI(-)) mlz 332 (M-H)';
1H,NMR (300.MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 1.85-1:95, (m, 2H), 2.23-2.29 (m, 2H); 2:"5f'-2:60 (rri~2H);
4.69'(s~; 1H), 4.90 (q, 2H), 7.19 (m,'lH); 7:28 (t, 1H), 7.32 (d, 1H), 10:20 (s;'1.H)~,;
Anal. Calcd for C17H13C1FN03Ø2 H20: C, 60.53; H, 4.00; N, 4.15. Found: C, 60.29; H, 3.97; N, 4.15.
Example 40 9-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1 H-cyclopenta~b~ ~
1,6~naphthyridine-1,8(2H)-dione 3-Chloro-4-fluorobenzaldehyde was substituted for 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde and processed as described in Example 23 to provide the title compound.
MS (APCI(+)) m/z 333 (M+H)+;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) ~ 2.15 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.63 (m, 4H), 3.15-3.34 (m, 2H), 4.85 (s, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 7.13-7.35 (m, 3H), 9.95 (s, 1H).
3o Example 41 9-~4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1 H-cyclopenta~b~ ~1,6~naphthyridine-1,8(2H)-dione 4-Fluoro-3-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde was substituted, for 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde and processed as described in Example 23 to provide the title compound.
MS(APCI+) m/z 367(M+H)+;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 2.15 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.65 (m, 4H), 3.26-3.40 (m, 2H), 4.90 (s, 1H), 7.07 (s, 1H), 7.26-7.43 (m, 3H), 9.80 (s, 1H).
Example 42 9-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1 H-cyclopenta~b~ ~
1,6~naphthyridine-1,8(2H)-dione l0 4-Chloro-3-fluorobenzaldehyde was substituted for: 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde and processed as described in Example 23 to provide the title compound.
MS (APCI(+)) m/z 333 (M+H)+;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 2.10 (m, 2H), 2.25-2.70(m, 4H), 3.10-3.35 (m, 2H), 4.80 (s, 1H), 6.95-7.65(m, 4H), 959(s, 1H).
Example 43 9=(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3,4,5;6';7;9-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta~b~
~1,6~naphthyridine-1,8(2H)-dione 3,4-Dichlorobenzaldehyde was substituted for 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde and 2o processed as described in Example 23 to provide the title compound.
MS (APCI(+)) m/z 349(M+H)+;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 2.20 (m, 2H), 2.25-2.80 (m, 4H), 3.25-3.45 (m, 2H), 4.90(s, 1H), 7.05-7.58(m, 4H), 9.90(s, 1H).
2s Example 44 9- f 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1 H-cyclopenta~b~ ~ 1,6~naphthyridine-1, 8 (2H)-dione 4-Chloro-3-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde was substituted for 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde and processed as described in Example 23 to provide the title compound.
3o MS (APCI(+)) xn/z 383 (M+H)+;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 2.15(m, 2H), 2.20-2.70(m, 4H), 3.10-3.40 (m, 2H), 4.80 (s, 1H), 7.10(s, 1H), 7.40-7.70 (m, 3H), 9.85 (s, 1H).

Example 45 9-(3,4-dibromophenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1 H-cyclopenta~b~ ~
1,6~naphthyridine-1,8(2H)-dione 3,4-Dibromobenzaldehyde was substituted for 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde and processed as described in Example 23 to provide the title compound.
MS (APCI(+)) xn/z 439 (M+H)+;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) b 2.14 (m, 2H), 2.19-2.75 (m, 4H), 3.15-3.45 (m, 4H), 4.70 (s, 1 H), 7.00-7.63 (m, 4H), 9.85 (s, 1 H).
l0 Example 46 9-(3-cyanophenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1 H-cyclopenta~b~ ~ 1,6~naphthyridine-1,8(2H)-dione 3-Cyanobenzaldehyde was substituted for 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde and processed as described in Example 23 to provide the title compound.
MS (APCI(+)) m/z 306 (M+H)~;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 2:15 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.70 (m, 4H), 3.15-3:40 (m, 2H), 4.79 (s, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 7.40-7-.60-(m; 3H), 9.90 m(s, 1H).
Example 47 9-(5-chloro-2-thienyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b~~l,6~naphthyridine-1,8(2H)-dione 5-Chloro-2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde was substituted for 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde and processed as described in Example 23 to provide the title compound.
MS (APCI(+)) m/z 321 (M+H)+;
IH NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 2.20-2.75 (m, 6H), 3.15-3.40 (m, 2H), 4.85 (s, 1H), 6.50 (d, 1 H), 6.80 (d, 1 H), 7.20 (s, 1 H), 9.90 (s, 1 H).
Example 48 9-(3-nitrophenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1 H-cyclopenta~b~ ~1,6~naphthyridine-1,8(2H)-dione 3-Nitrobenzaldehyde was substituted for 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde and processed as described in Example 23 to provide the title compound.
MS (APCI(+)) m/z 326 (M+H)+;

1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 2.25 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.70 (m, 4H), 3.15-3.40 (m, 2H), 4.85 (s, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 7.50-8.00 (m, 3H), 9.90 (s, 1H).
Example 49 9-(5-nitro-2-thienyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta~b~~l,6~naphthyridine-1,8(2H)-dione 5-Nitro-2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde was substituted for 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde and processed as described in Example 23 to provide the title compound.
MS (APCI(+)) m/z 332 (M+H)+;
l0 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 2.25-2:80 (m,~6H), 3.20-3.45 (m, 2H), 5.00 (s, 1H), 6.90 (d, 1 H), 7.25 (s, 1 H), 7.90 (d, 1 H), 10.05 (s; 1 H).
Example 50 9-(5-nitro-3-thienyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1 H-cyclopenta~b~ ~
1,6~naphthyridine-1,8(2H)-dione 5-Nitro-3-thiophenecarboxyaldehyde was substituted for 3-bioino-4-~luorobenzaldehyde and processed as described in Example 23 to provide the title compound.
MS (APCI(+)) m/z 332 (M+H)+;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 2.25 (m, 2H), 2.39-2.80 (m, 4H), 3.20-3.40 (m, 2H), 4.80 (s, 1H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 7.59(s, 1H), 7.85 (s, 1H), 9.90 (s, 1H).
Example 51 9- ~4-fluoro-3 -(trifluoromethyl)phenyl~-5, 6, 7, 9-tetrahydrofuro X3,4-b~
quinoline-1, 8 (3 H,4H)-dione 4-Fluoro-3-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde was substituted for 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde and processed as described in Example 10 to provide the title compound as a white solid.
MS (ESI(+)) m!z 368 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 366 (M -H)-;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 1.88-1.95 (m, 2H), 2.24-2.28 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.61 (m, 2H), 4.78 (s, 1 H), 4.90 (q, 2H), 7.49 (t, 1 H), 7.52 (m, 2H), 10.21 (s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C1gH13F4NO3: C, 58.86; H, 3.57; N, 3.81. Found: C, 58.71; H, 3.60; N, 3.80.

Example 52 9-(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro~3,4-b~quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione 4-Chloro-3-nitrobenzaldehyde was;substituted for 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde and processed as described in Example 10 to provide the title compound as a yellow solid.
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 359 (M-H)-;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 1.88-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.25-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.56-2.61 (m, 2H), 4.79 (s, 1 H), 4.90 (q, 2H), 7.55 (d, 1.H), 7.65 (d, 1 H), 7.81 (s, 1 H), 10.27 (s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C17H13C1N205Ø1 CH2C12: C, 55.62; H, 3.60; N, 7.59. Found: C, 55.71; H, l0 3.75; N, 7.40.
Example' S3 8-~4-fluoro-3-(2-furyl)phenyl~-5,8-dihydro-1 H,3H-difuro ~3,4-b:3,4-e~pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione The title compound from Example 5 was processed as described in Example 91 to provide the title compound.
MS (ESI (-)),m/z:352.(M-H)'; , 1H NMR (300 MHz; DMSO-d6) b 4.71 (s, 1H), 4.91'- 5:07 (m;,4H), 6.67 (m, 1H), 6.85v(t,' J=3.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.22 (m, 1 H), 7.27 (m, 1 H), 7.66 (dd, J=7.3, 2.2 Hz, 1 H), 7.85 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1 H), 10.71 (s, 1 H);
2o Anal. Calcd for C19Hi2FN05Ø3 H20: C, 63.62; H, 3.54; N, 3.90. Found: C, 63.53; H, 3.93;
N, 3.96.
Example 54 8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1 H-cyclopenta~b~furo X3,4-e~pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione The enantiomerically pure title compound was obtained as the less polar enantiomer, retention time = 22.5 minutes, after chiral HPLC resolution (Gilson 215-automated liquid handler/HPLC, (R,R)-Whelk-Ol column (2.1 cm x 25 cm), flow rate=l OmL/minute, hexane:methyl alcohol:methylene chloride(50:33:17) of the corresponding racemate prepared 3o as described in Example 6.
yellow solid:
MS (ESI(+)) m/z 364 (M+H)+;

MS (ESI(-)) m/z 362 (M-H)';
IH NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) b 2.35 (t, 2H), 2.70 (m, 2H), 4.60 (s, 1H), 4.98 (q, 2H), 7.26 (m, 2H), 7.50 (d, 1H), 10.71 (s, 1H);
Anal. Calcd for Cl6HuBrFN03: C, 52:77;~~H, 3.04; N, 3.85. Found: C, 52.39; H, 3.18; N, 3.75.
Example 55 8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta~b~furo~3,4-e~pyridine-1 7(3H)-dione The enantiomerically pure title compound was obtained as the more polar enantiomer, retention time = 28 minutes, after chiral HPLC resolution (Gilson 215-automated liquid handler/HPLC, (R,R)-Whelk-O1 column (2.1 cm x 25 cm), flow rate=l OmL/minute, hexane:methyl alcohol:methylene chloride(50:33:17) of the corresponding racemate prepared as described in Example 6.
yellow solid:
MS (ESI(~)) m/z 3.64 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI(-)):m/z 362 (M-H)';
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 2.35 (t, 2H), 2.70 (m, 2H), 4.60 (s, °1H), 4.98 (q, 2H), 7.26 (m, 2H), 7.50 (d, 1 H), 10.71 (s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C16H11BrFN03: C, 52.77; H, 3.04; N, 3.85. Found: C, 52.54; H, 3.18; N, 3.75.
Example 56 8-~4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-5,8-dihydro-1 H,3H-difuro X3,4-b:3,4-e~pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione 4-Fluoro-3-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde was substituted for 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde and processed as in Example 5 to provide the title compound as a white solid.
MS (DCI/NH3) m/z 373 (100%) (M+NH4);
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 4.82 (s, 1H), 4.98 (q, 4H), 7.44 (t, 1H), 7.63 (m, 2H), 10.78 (s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C16H9F4NO4: C, 54.10; H, 2.55; N, 3.94. Found: C, 53.81; H, 2.65; N, 3.86.

Example 57 9-~4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro~3,4-b~quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione The enantiomerically pure title compound was obtained as the less polar enantiomer, retention time = 65 minutes, after chiral HPLC resolution (Gilson 215-automated liquid handler/HPLC, (R,R)-Whelk-Ol column (2.1 cm x 25 cm), flow rate=1 OmL/minute, hexane:methyl alcohol:methylene chloride(75:16.5:8.5) of the corresponding racemate prepared as described in Example 10 substituting 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde with 4-to fluoro-3-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde.
MS (ESI(+)) m/z 368 (M+H)~.
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 366 (M-H)';
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) S 1.82-1:98 (m, 2H), 2.23-2.28 (m, 2H), 2.54-2.60 (m, 2H), 4.77 (s, 1 H), 4.89 (q, 2H), 7.3 8 (t, 1 H), 7.53 (m, 2H), 10.21 (s, 1 H);
Anal.. Calcd for C18H13F4N03: C, 58.86; H, 3.57; N, 3.81. Found: C, 58.75; H, 3.84; N, 3.62.
Example 58 9-~4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro~3,4-b~quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione 2o The enantiomerically pure title compound was obtained as the more polar enantiomer, retention time = 77 minutes, after chiral HPLC resolution (Gilson 215-automated liquid handlerlHPLC, (R,R)-Whelk-O1 column (2.1 cm x 25 cm), flow rate=lOmLlminute, hexane:methyl alcohol:methylene chloride(75:16.5:8.5) of the corresponding racemate prepared as described in Example 10 substituting 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde with 4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde.
MS (ESI(+)) m/z 368 (M+H)~;
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 366 (M-H)-;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 1.82-1.98 (m, 2H), 2.23-2.28 (m, 2H), 2.54-2.60 (m, 2H), 4.77 (s, 1 H), 4. 89 (q, 2H), 7.3 8 (t, 1 H), 7.53 (m, 2H), 10.21 (s, 1 H);
3o Anal. Calcd for C18H13F4N03: C, 58.86; H, 3.57; N, 3.81. Found: C, 58.70;
H, 3.83; N, 3.67.
Example 59 8-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro~3,4-b:3,4-e~pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione 3,4-Dichlorobenzaldehyde was substituted for 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde and processed as in Example S.to provide the title compound as a white solid.
MS (DCI/NH3) m/z 346 (100%) (M+NH4);
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO=d6) 8 4.78 (s, 1H), 4.98 (q, 4H), 7.42 (d, 1H), 7.55 (d, 1H), 7.82 (s, 1 H), 10.74 (s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C15H9C12N04:0.25H20: C, 52.58; H, 2.79; N, 4.09. Found: C, 52.64; H, 2.60;
N, 4.04.
. . . ~ . Example 60 8-(4-methyl-3-nitrophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1 H,3H-difuro ~3,4-b:3,4-e~pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione 4-Methyl-3-nitrobenzaldehyde was substituted for 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde and processed as in Example 5 to provide the title compound as a yellow solid.
MS (DCI/NH3) m/z 355 (100%) (M+NH4);
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 3..37 (s, 3H), 4.68 (s, 1H), 4.97 (q, 4H), 7.29 (d, 1H), 7.50 (s, 1 H), 7.52 (d, 1 H), 10.70 (s; 1 H);. : . . . , -Anal. Calcd for C16H12N2~4~ C, 58:54;t~H~, 3:68; N, 8.53. Found: C, 58.20;'H3.72; N, 8.47.
Example 61 9-(3,4-dibromophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro~3,4-b~quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione The enantiomerically pure title compound was obtained as the less polar enantiomer, retention time = 23.5 minutes, after chiral HPLC resolution (Gilson 215-automated liquid handler/HPLC, (R,R)-Whelk-O1 column (2.1 cm x 25 cm), flow rate=l OmL/minute, hexane:methyl alcohol:methylene chloride(60:26:13) of the corresponding racemate prepared as described in Example 10 substituting 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde with 3,4-dibromobenzaldehyde.
MS (ESI(+)) m/z 440 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 438 (M-H)';
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 1.87-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.22-2.28 (m, 2H), 2,55-2.60 (m, 2H), 4.64 (s, 1 H), 4.90 (q, 2H), 7.13 (d, 1 H), 7.52 (s, 1 H), 7.62 (d, 1 H), 10.18 (br s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C17H13BrZNO3.O.1 C6H14: C, 47.22; H, 3.24; N, 3.13. Found: C, 47.16; H, 3.39; N, 2.93.

Example 62 9-(3,4-dibromophenyl)-5, 6, 7,9-tetrahydrofuro X3,4-b~ q uinoline-1, 8 (3 H,4H)-dione. . .
The enantiomerically pure title compound was obtained as the more polar enantiorrier; ~.
retention time = 32:5' minutes, after chiral HPLC resolution (Gilson 215-automated liquid handler/HPLC, (R,R)-Whelk-O1 column (2.1 cm x 25 cm), flow rate=lOmL/minute, hexane:methyl alcohol:methylene chloride(60:26:13) of the corresponding racemate prepared as described in Example 10 substituting 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde with 3,4-dibromobenzaldehyde..
1o MS (ESI(+)) m/z 440 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 438 (M-H)-;
1H NMR (300 MHz; DMSO-d6) 8 1.87-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.22-2.28 (m, 2H), 2,55-2.60 (m, 2H), 4.64 (s, 1 H), 4.90 (q, 2H), 7.13 (d, 1 H), 7.52 (s, 1 H), 7.62 (d, 1 H), 10.18 (br s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C17H13Br2NO3: C, 46.50; H, 2.98; N, 3.19. Found: C, 46.68; H, 3.13; N, 3.03. . . . , Example 63 9-(4-methyl-3-nitrophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro ~3,4-b~quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione The enantiomerically pure title compound was obtained as the less polar enantiomer, 2o retention time = 32 minutes, after chiral HPLC resolution (Gilson 215-automated liquid handler/HPLC, (R,R)-Whelk-O1 column (2.1 cm x 25 cm), flow rate=l OmL/minute, hexane:methyl alcohol:methylene chloride(60:26:13) of the corresponding racemate prepared as described in Example 10 substituting 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde with 4-methyl-3-nitrobenzaldehyde.
MS (ESI(+)) m/z 341 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 339 (M-H)-;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 1.86-1.97 (m, 2H), 2.22-2.29 (m, 2H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2.55-2.62 (m, 2H), 4.75 (s, 1 H), 4.90 (q, 2H), 7.37 (d, 1 H), 7.48 (d, 1 H), 7.73 (s, 1 H), 10.20 (br s, 1H);
3o Anal. Calcd for C18H16N2O5: C, 63.52; H, 4.74; N, 8.23. Found: C, 63.27; H, 4.83; N, 8.01.
Example 64 9-(4-methyl-3-nitrophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro~3,4-b~quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione , The enantiomerically pure title compound was obtained as the more polar enantiomer, retention time = 37 minutes, after chiral HPLC resolution (Gilson 215-automated liquid:
handler/HPLG, (R,R)-Whelk-O1 column (2.1 cm x 25 cm), flow rate=1 OmL/minufe~°'' .
hexarie:methyl alcohol:methylene chloride(60:26:13) of the corresponding racemate:prepared as described in Example 10 substituting 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde with 4-methyl-3-nitrobenzaldehyde.
MS (ESI(+)) m/z 341 (M+H)~;
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 339 (M-H)';
l0 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) b 1.86-1.97 (m, 2H), 2.22-2.29 (m, 2H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 2:55-2.62 (m, 2H)4.75 (s, 1H), 4.90 (q, 2H), 7.37 (d, 1H), 7.48 (d, 1H), 7.73 (s;
1H), 10.20 (br s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C18H16N20$: C, 63.52; H, 4.74; N, 8.23. Found: C, 63.36; H, 4.85; N, 8.17.
Example 65 9-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro~3,4-b~quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione '~, The enantiomerically pure title compound was obtained as the less polar enantiomer, : ..
retention time = 28.5 minutes, after chiral HPLC resolution (Gilson 215-automated liquid handler/HPLC, (R,R)-Whelk-Ol column (2.1 cm x 25 cm), flow rate=l OmL/minute, 2o hexane:methyl alcohol:methylene chloride(60:26:13) of the corresponding racemate prepared as described in Example 10 substituting 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde with 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde.
MS (ESI(+)) m/z 350 (M+H)''~;
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 348 (M-H)';
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 1.87-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.24-2.29 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.61 (m, 2H), 4.68 (s, 1 H), 4. 8 8 (q, 2H), 7.18 (d, 1 H), 7.3 7 (s, 1 H), 7.49 (d, 1 H), 10.19 (br s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C17H13C12NO3: C, 58.31; H, 3.74; N, 4.00. Found: C, 58.12; H, 3.85; N, 3.89.
3o Example 66 9-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro~3,4-b~quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione The enantiomerically pure title compound was obtained as the more polar enantiomer, retention time = 39 minutes, after chiral.HPLC resolution (Gilson 215-automated liquid handler/HPLC, (R,R)-Whelk-Ol column (2.1 cm x 25 cm), flow rate=l OmL6minute, .hexane:methyl alcohol:methylene chloride(60:26:13) of the corresponding racemate prepared ~ ;as described in Example 10 substituting 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde with.3,4-=dichlorobenzaldehyde.
MS (ESI(+)) m/z 350 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 348 (M-H)-;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 1.87-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.24-2.29 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.61 (m, 2H), . 4.68 (s, 1H), 4.88 (q, 2H), 7.18 (d, 1H), 7.37 (s, 1H), 7.49 (d, 1H), 10.19 (br s1H);
Anal: Calcd for C17H13C12NO3: C, 58.31; H, 3.74; N, 4.00. Found: C, 58.01°; H, '3.82; N, 3.87.
Example 67 9-(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro~3,4-b~quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione '.~'he :enantiomerically pure title compound was obtained as the less polar enantiomer, retention dime .'_, 33 minutes, after chiral. HPLC resolution (Gilson 215-automated liquid handler/HPLC, (R,R)-Whelk-Ol column (2.1 cm x 25 cm), flow rate=l OmL/minute, hexane:methyl alcohol:methylene chloride(60:26:13) of the corresponding racemate from 2o Example 52.
white solid:
MS (ESI(+)) m/z 361 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 359 (M-H)-;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) ~ 1.88-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.25-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.56-2.61 (m, 2H), 4.79 (s, 1 H), 4.90 (q, 2H), 7.5 5 (d, 1 H), 7.65 (d, 1 H), 7. 81 (s, 1 H), 10.27 (s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C17H13C1N2O5 : C, 56.60; H, 3.63; N, 7.70. Found: C, 56.36; H, 4.02; N, 7.29.
Example 68 9-(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro~3,4-b~quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione The enantiomerically pure title compound was obtained as the more polax enantiomer, retention time = 45 minutes, after chiral HPLC resolution (Gilson 215-automated liquid handler/HPLC, (R,R)-Whelk-Ol column (2.1 cm x 25 cm), flow rate=l OmL/minute, hexane:methyl alcohol:methylene chloride(60:26:13) of the corresponding racemate from . Example 52.
. white solid:
w5 . MS (ESI(+)) m/z 361 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 359 (M-H)-;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 1.88-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.25-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.56-2.61 (m, 2H), 4.79 (s, 1 H), 4.90 (q, 2H), 7.55 (d, 1 H), 7.65 (d, 1 H), 7.81 (s, 1 H), 10.27 (s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C17Hi3C1N205 : C, 56.60; H, 3.63; N, 7.70. Found: C, 56.37; H, 3.90; N, 7.53.
Example 69 9-(3 ,4-difluorophenyl)-5, 6, 7,9-tetrahydrofuro X3,4-b~ quinoline-1, 8 (3 H,4H)-dione The enantiomerically pure title compound was obtained as the less polar enantiomer, ,retention time = 22.5 minutes, after chiral HPLC resolution (Gilson 215-automated liquid .. -handler/HPLC, (R,R)-Whelk-O1 column (2.l cm x 25 cm), flow rate=l.Orril;/rninute':
~hexane:methyl alcohol:methylene. chloride(60:26:13) of the correspondingracemate prepared as described in Example 10 substituting 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde with 3,4-difluorobenzaldehyde.
2o white solid:
MS (ESI(+)) m/z 318 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 316 (M-H)-;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 1.88-1.98 (m, 2H), 2.22-2.30 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.64 (m, 2H), 4.68 (s, 1H), 4.89 (q, 2H), 7.05 (br s, 1H), 7.17 (t, 1H), 7.28 (q, 1H), 10.16 (s, 1H);
Anal. Calcd for C17Hi3F2NOs: C, 64.35; H, 4.13; N, 4.30. Found: C, 64.20; H, 4.37; N, 3.96.
Example 70 9-(3 ,4-difluorophenvll-5 , 6,7.9-tetrahvdrofuro f 3 .4-bl ~ uinoline-1, 8 (3 H.4H)-dione The enantiomerically pure title compound was obtained as the more polar enantiomer, 3o retention time = 27 minutes, after chiral HPLC resolution (Gilson 215-automated liquid handler/HPLC, (R,R)-Whelk-Ol column (2.1 cm x 25 cm), flow rate=l OmL/minute, hexane:methyl alcohol:methylene chloride(60:26:13) of the corresponding racemate prepared as described in Example 10 substituting 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde with 3,4-difluorobenzaldehyde.
white solid:
MS (ESI(+)) m/z 318 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 316 (M-H)-;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 1.88-1.98 (m, 2H), 2.22-2.30 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.64 (m, 2H), 4.68 (s, 1 H), 4.89 (q, 2H), 7.05 (br s, 1 H), 7.17 (t, 1 H), 7.28 (q, 1 H), 10.16 (s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C17H13F2N03: C, 64.35; H, 4.13; N, 4.30. Found: C, 63.97; H, 4.22; N, 4.07.
to Example 71 8-(4-methyl-3-nitrophenyl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1 H-cyclopenta~b~furo X3,4-e~pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione The enantiomerically pure title compound was obtained as the less polar enantiomer, retention time = 30 minutes, after chiral HPLC resolution (Gilson 215-automated liquid handler/HPLC, (R,R)-Whelk-O1 column (2.1 cm x 25 cm), flow rate=.10 mL/minute, ,~..he~ane:rnethyl alcohol:methylene chloride(50:33:17) ofthe corresponding,racemate prepared :,: as described in Example 6 substituting 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde with.4-methyl-3-nitrobenzaldehyde.
white solid:
2o MS (ESI(+)) m/z 327 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 325 (M-H)-;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 2.34 (t, 2H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 2.62-2.74 (m, 2H), 4.67 (s, 1H), 4.98 (q, 2H), 7.40 (d, 1H), 7.50 (d, 1H), 7.78 (s, 1H), 10.67 (br s, 1H);
Anal. Calcd for C17Hi4NaOsØ4 H20: C, 61.22; H, 4.47; N, 8.40. Found: C, 61.27; H, 4.48;
2s N, 7.94.
Example 72 8-(4-methyl-3-nitrophenyl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1 H-cyclopenta~b~furo X3,4-e~pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione 3o The enantiomerically pure title compound was obtained as the more polar enantiomer, retention time = 36 minutes, after chiral HPLC resolution (Gilson 215-automated liquid handler/HPLC, (R,R)-Whelk-O1 column (2.1 cm x 25 cm), flow rate=10 mL/minute, hexane:methyl alcohol:methylene chloride(50:33:17) of the corresponding racemate prepared as described in Example 6 substituting 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde with 4-methyl-3-nitrobenzaldehyde.
yellow solid:
MS (ESI(+)) m/z 327 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 325 (M-H)';
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) b 2.34 (t, 2H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 2.62-2.74 (m, 2H), 4.67 (s, 1H), 4.98 (q, 2H), 7.40 (d, 1 H), 7.50 (d, 1 H), 7.78 (s, 1 H), 10.67 (br s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for Cl7HiaN20sØ25 H20: C, 61.72; H, 4.42; N, 8.47. Found: C, 62.08; H, 4.66;
1 o N, 7.99.
Example 73 8-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4, 5, 6, 8-tetrahydro-1 H-cyclopenta ~b~ faro X3,4-e~pyridine-1,7(3 H)-dione I5 , The enantiomerically pure title compound was obtained as the less polar enantiomer, . , , .. . retention time = 23 minutes, after chiral HPLC resolution (Gilson 2I5-automated liquid handler/HPLC, .(R,R)-Whelk-O 1 column (2.1 cm x 25 cm), flow xate=10 mL/minute, hexane:methyl alcohol:methylene chloride(50:33:17) of the corresponding racemate prepared as described in Example 6 substituting 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde with 3,4-2o dichlorobenzaldehyde.
MS (ESI(+)) mlz 336 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 334 (M-H)';
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 2.34 (t, 2H), 2.59-2.78 (m, 2H), 4.60 (s, 1H), 4.96 (q, 2H), 7.22 (d, 1H), 7.43 (s, 1H), 7.52 (d, 1H), 10.59 (s, 1H);
25 Anal. Calcd for C16H11C12N03Ø1 C6H14Ø4 HZO: C, 56.64; H, 3.78; N, 3.98.
Found: C, 56.73; H, 3.58; N, 3.55.
Example 74 8-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1 H-cyclopenta~b~furo X3,4-e~pyridine-1,7(3H)-30 dione The enantiomerically pure title compound was obtained as the more polar enantiomer, retention time = 30.5 minutes, after chiral HPLC resolution (Gilson 215-automated liquid handler/HPLC, (R,R)-Whelk-O1 column (2.1 cm x 25 cm), flow rate=10 mL/minute, hexane:methyl alcohol:methylene chloride(50:33:17) of the corresponding racemate prepared as described in Example 6 substituting 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde with 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde.
MS (ESI(+)) m/z 336 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 334 (M-H)-;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 2.34 (t, 2H), 2.59-2.78 (m, 2H), 4.60 (s, 1H), 4.96 (q, 2H), 7.22 (d, 1 H), 7.43 (s, 1 H), 7. 52 (d, 1 H), 10. 5 9 (s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C16H11C12N03Ø15 C6H14Ø3 H20: C, 57.26; H, 3.9; N, 3.95.
Found: C, 57.46; H, 3.62; N, 3.48.
Example 75 8-~4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl~-4,5,6, 8-tetrahydro-1 H-cyclopenta~b~
faro ~3,4-e~pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione The enantiomerically pure title compound was obtained as the less polar enantiomer, retention time= 62.5 minutes, after chiral HPLC resolution (Gilson 215-automated liquid .
'. handler/HPLC, (R,R)-~IVhelk-O1 column (2.1 cm x 25 cm); flow rate=10'inL/minute,' hexane:methyl alcohol:methylene chloride(75:16.5:8.5) of the corresponding racemate prepared as described in Example 6 substituting 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde with 4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde.
MS (ESI(+)) m/z 354 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 352 (M-H)-;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) ~ 2.29 (t, 2H), 2.55-2.74 (m, 2H), 4.70 (s, 1H), 4.88 (q, 2H), 7.39 (t, 1H), 7.52-7.60 (m, 2H), 10.70 (br s, 1H);
Anal. Calcd for C17H11F4N03: C, 57.80; H, 3.14; N, 3.96. Found: C, 57.82; H, 3.18; N, 3.60.
Example 76 8-~4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl~-4,5,6, 8-tetrahydro-1 H-cyclopenta~b~furo ~3,4-e~pyridine-1,7 (3 H)-dione 3o The enantiomerically pure title compound was obtained as the more polar enantiomer, retention time = 71 minutes, after chiral HPLC resolution (Gilson 215-automated liquid handler/HPLC, (R,R)-Whelk-O1 column (2.1 cm x 25 cm), flow rate=10 mL/minute, hexane:methyl alcohol:methylene chloride(75:16.5:8.5) of the corresponding racemate prepared as described in Example 6 substituting 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde with 4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde. .
MS (ESI(+)) m/z 354 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 352 (M-H)-;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 2.29 (t, 2H), 2.55-2.74 (m, 2H), 4.70 (s, 1H), 4.88 (q, 2H), 7.3 9 (t, 1 H), 7.52-7.60 (m, 2H), 10.70 (br s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for Cl7HnF4N03: C, 57.80; H, 3.14; N, 3.96. Found: C, 57.53; H, 3.06; N, 3.59.
l0 Example 77 9-(3-bromo-4-methvlnhenvl)-5,6,7.9-tetrahvdrofurof3.4-blauinoline-1.813H.4H1-dione The enantiomerically pure title compound was obtained as the less polar enantiomer, retention time = 23 minutes, after chiral HPLC resolution (Gilson 215-automated liquid handler/HPLC, (R,R)-Whelk-Ol column (2.1 cm x 25 cm), flow rate=10 mL/minute, hexane:methyl alcohol:methylene chloride(60:26.5:.13.5) of the corresponding racemate prepared as described in Example 10 substituting.3-.bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde with 3-v.
bromo-4-methylbenzaldehyde (Reference: Pearson et al., J..Org. Chem. (1958), 23, 1412-,' 1416).
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 373 (M-H)-1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) ~ 1.91 (m, 2H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.26 (m, 2H), 2.58 (m , 2H), 4.68 (s, 1H), 4.89 (q, 2H), 7.07 (dd, J=8.0, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1 H), 10.17 (s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C18H16BrN03: C, 57.77; H, 4.31; N, 3.74. Found: C, 57.61; H, 4.51; N, 3.80.
Example 78 9-(3-bromo-4-methvlphenvll-5,6.7,9-tetrahvdrofuro f 3.4-blauinoline-1.8f 3H.4H1-dione The enantiomerically pure title compound was obtained as the more polar enantiomer, retention time = 28 minutes, after chiral HPLC resolution (Gilson 215-automated liquid handlerlHPLC, (R,R)-Whelk-Ol column (2.1 cm x 25 cm), flow rate=10 mL/minute, hexane:methyl alcohol:methylene chloride(60:26.5:13.5) of the corresponding racemate prepared as described in Example 10 substituting 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde with 3-bromo-4-methylbenzaldehyde.

MS (ESI(-)) mlz 373 (M-H)-1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 1.91 (m, 2H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.26 (m, 2H), 2.58 (m , 2H), 4.68 (s, 1H), 4.89 (q, 2H), 7.07 (dd, J=8.0, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1 H), 10.17 (s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C1gH16BrN03: C, 57.77; H, 4.31; N, 3.74. Found: C, 57.61; H, 4.51; N, 3.80.
Example 79 8-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1 H,3H-difuro~3,4-b:3,4-e~pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione 3-Chloro-4-fluorobenzaldehyde was substituted for 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde to and processed as in Example 5 to provide the title compound as a white.solid.
MS (DCI/NH3) m/z 339 (100%) (M+NH4);
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 4.68 (s, 1H), 4.98 (q, 4H), 7.28 (m, 2H), 7.33 (d, 1H), 10.70 (s, 1H);
Anal. Calcd for C15H9NFC104: C, 56.01; H, 2.82; N, 4.35. Found: C, 55.99; H, 2.77; N, 4.19.
. ~~ Exariiple .80:. .
8-(3,4-dibromophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H3H-difuro~3,4-b3,4-e~pyridine-1,7(4H)'=dione ..
3,4-Dibromobenzaldehyde was substituted for 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde and processed as in Example 5 to provide the title compound as a white solid.
2o MS (DCI/NH3) m/z 445 (100%) (M+NH4);
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) S 4.64 (s, 1H), 4.98 (q, 4H), 7.21 (d, 1H), 7.61 (s, 1H), 7.68 (d, 1 H), 10.72 (s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C15H9NBr2O4.O.25C3H6O: C, 42.84; H, 2.40; N, 3.17. Found: C, 42.82; H, 2.24; N, 3.07.
Example 81 8-(3-bromo-4-methylphenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1 H,3H-difuro ~3,4-b:3,4-e~pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione 3-Bromo-4-methylbenzaldehyde (Reference: Pearson et al., J. Org. Chem. (1958), 23, 1412-1416) was substituted for 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde and processed as described in 3o Example 5 to provide the title compound.
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 361.01 (M-H)-;

1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-dg) 8 4.60 (s, 1H), 4.88 - 5.05 (m, 4H), 7.17 (dd, J=7.7, 1.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.28 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1 H), 7.42 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1 H), 10.68 (s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C16Hi2BrN04: C, 53.06; H, 3.34; N, 3.87. Found: C, 52.77; H, 3.44; N, 3.68.
' Example 82 8-~4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro~3,4-b:3,4-e~pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione 4-Chloro-3-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde was substituted for 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde and processed as in Example 5 to provide the title compound as a white 1o solid.
MS (DCI/NH3) m/z 389 (100%) (M+NH4);
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) b 4.82 (s, 1H), 4.99 (q, 4H), 7.59 (d, 1H), 7.66 (d, 1H), 7.74 (s, 1H), 10.78 (s, 1H);
Anal. Calcd for C16H9C1FN04: C, 51.70; H, 2.44; N, 3.77. Found: C, 50.86; H, 2.22; N, 3.59.
. r Example. 83 . 8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1 H-faro X3,4-blpyrrolo X3;4=e~pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione 2o Example 83A
methyl 4-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1 H-pyrrolo ~3,4-b~pyridine-3-carboxylate A mixture of pyrrolidine-2,4-dione (Reference: G. Lowe, H. W. Yeung, J. Chem.
Soc.
Perkin Trans. I, (1973), 2907-2910) (2 mmol, 198 mg), 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde (2 mmol, 406 mg) and methyl 3-aminocrotonate (2 mmol) in ethyl alcohol (7 mL) was heated in a sealed tube at 80 °C for a period of 48 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and the residue was flash chromatographed (silica gel, methylene chloride:ethyl acetate:methyl alcohol, 4:2:0.5) to provide the title compound as a yellow solid (165 mg, 22%
yield).
3o Example 83B
8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-4,5,6, 8-tetrahydro-1 H-faro X3,4-b~pyrrolo X3,4-e~pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione A suspension of the product from Example 83A (0.42 mmol, 159 mg) in chloroform (4 mL) was treated at 0 °C with pyridine (1.2 equiv, 0.04 mL) and pyridinium tribromide (1.1 equiv, 147 mg). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm up to ambient temperature over a .
period of 1 hour, and stirred at that temperature for another one hour. The homogeneous solution was poured into a dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, and the layers were separated. The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.
The solid residue was dissolved in chloroform (2 mL), and heated at 75 °C overnight.
Following concentration, flash chromatography (silica gel, methylene chloride:ethyl acetate:methyl alcohol, 4:2:0.7 to 4:2:1.7) of the residue provided the title compound (42 mg, 28% yield).
MS (APCI+) mlz 365 (M+H)+;
1H NMR (DMSO-d6) b 4.00 (ABq, 2H), 4.61 (s, 1H), 4.91 (ABq, 2H), 7.24-7.30 (m, 2H), 7.50 (d, 1 H), 7.5 8 (s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for ClSHioNi03FBr '1.0 H20: C, 47.02; H, 3.16; N, 7.31. Found: C, 47.00; H, 2.81; N, 7.07.
Example 84 2-(2-aminoethyl)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1 H-pyrrolo (3,4-b~quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione Ethylenediamine was substituted for methylamine and processed as described in Example 8C to provide the title compound as a yellow solid.
MS (APCI+) m/z 420 (M+H)+;
1H NMR (DMSO-d6) 8 1.82-1.97 (m, 2H), 2.19-2.29 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.60 (t, 2H), 3.07-3.20 (m, 2H), 4.08 (ABq, 2H), 4.71 (s, 1 H), 7.16-7.23 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.45 (m, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C19H19N3~2FBr'1.0 H20: C, 52.07; H, 4.83; N, 9.59. Found: C, 51.61; H, 5.01; N, 11.36.
Example 85 8-(4-bromo-3-methylphenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro~3,4-b:3,4-e~pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione Example 85A
4-bromo-3-methylbenzaldehyde - A solution of 2,5-dibromotoluene (S.OOg, 2.75 mL, 20.0 mmol) in diethyl ether (50 mL) was stirred under nitrogen at -78 °C. N-Butyllithium (10 mL, 2.0 M, 20.0 mmol) was added dropwise over 10 minutes and stirring continued for a further 1 hour.
Anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (2.19 g, 2.32 mL, 30.0 mmol) was added dropwise over 15 minutes and the solution allowed to reach -40 °C over 4 hours. The reaction mixture was quenched by the addition of aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate. The solvent was removed in vacuo, and the residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate (100 mL) and water (100 mL).
The organic phase was washed with water (2 x 50 mL), brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to 'give a colorless oil (55% yield) as a 7:3 mixture of 4-bromo-1 o methylbenzaldehyde to 4-bromo-2-methylbenzaldehyde.
Example 85B
8-(4-bromo-3 -methylphenyl)-5, 8-dihydro-1 H, 3 H-difuro ~3 ,4-b: 3 ,4-e~pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione 4-Bromo-3-methylbenzaldehyde (1.43 equivalents) was processed as described in Example 5 to provide the title compound as a white solid.
MS (DCI/NH3) m/z 3.81 (100%) (M+NH4); . . , 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 2.30 (s, 3H), 4.58 (s; 1H), 4:97 (q, 4H), 7.01 (d, 1H), 7.22 (s, 1 H), 7.48 (d, 1 H), 10.70 (s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C16Hi2BrN04: C, 53.06; H, 3.34; N, 3.87. Found: C, 52.67; H, 3.23; N, 3.60.
Example 86 8-(4-fluoro-3-isopropenylphenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1 H,3H-difuro X3,4-b:3,4-e~pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione Example 86A
tributyl(isopropenyl)stannane Tributyltin chloride (S.OOg, 4.17 mL, 15.3 mmol) was dissolved in dry tetrahydrofuran (30 mL) and isopropenylmagnesium bromide (30.7 mL, 0.5 M, 15.3 mmol) in hexane was added dropwise over 10 minutes. The solution was warmed to 50 °C, allowed 3o to cool to ambient temperature, and stirred for 18 hours. The solution was poured into hexane (200 mL), filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to yield a colorless oil (4.44g, 87% yield).

1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) 8 0.88 (m, 1 SH), 1.30 (m, 6H), 1.48 (m, 6H), 4.58 (s, 1H), 1.96 (s, 3H), 5.04 (s, 1H), 5.68 (s, 1H).
Example 86B
8-(4-fluoro-3-isopropenylphenyl)-S,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro~3,4-b:3,4-e~pyridirie=1,7(4H)-dione The product from Example 5 was processed as described in Example 91 substituting tributyl(2-furyl)stannane with the product from Example 86A to provide the title compound as a white solid.
to MS (DCI/NH3) m/z 34S (100%) (M+NH4);
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 2.07 (s, 3H), 4.63 (s, 1H), 4.97 (q, 4H), 5:20 (s'1H), S.2S
(s, 1 H), 7.16 (m, 2H), 7.24 (d, 1 H), 10.70 (s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C18H14FN04Ø25 HZO: C, 65.16; H, 4.40; N, 4.22. Found: C, 65.40; H, 4.17;
N, 3.89.
Example 87 ~S)-2-(2-aminoethyl)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo~3;4-' b~quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione The product from Example 18C was treated with ethylenediamine and processed as described in Example 8C to provide the title compound as a yellow powder.
MS (ESI(+)) mlz 420 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI(-)) xn/z 418 (M-H)-;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 1.85-1.97 (m, 2H), 2.15-2.30 (m, 4H), 2.52-2.58 (m, 2H), 3 .18-3 .3 0 (m, 2H), 4.07 (m, 2H), 7.18 (m, 2H), 7.41 (d, 1 H), 9.79 (s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C19Hi9BrFN302Ø4 C6H14: C, S6.S2; H, S.OS; N, 9.24. Found: C, 56.79; H, 5.06; N, 9.00.
Example 88 8-(3-iodo-4-methylphenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1 H,3H-difuro ~3,4-b:3,4-e~pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione Example 88A
3-Iodo-4-methylbenzaldehyde To a slurry of 3-iodo-4-methylbenzoic acid (5.0 g, 19.1 mmol) in 100 mL of dry tetrahydrofuran was added borane-methyl sulfide complex (2.3 mL, 22.9 mmol).
This mixture was refluxed for 60 minutes and then cooled to room temperature. After concentration a dark brown oil was obtained. This oil was dissolved in 32 mL
of methylene chloride and the solution was treated with pyridinium chlorochromate (4.55 g, 21 mmol).
This mixture was refluxed for 60 minutes, cooled to ambient temperature, and concentrated.
The dark red oil obtained was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed succesively with water, 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid, aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate, and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography l0 , on silica gel using hexane-ethyl acetate (20:1) as eluent to yield the title aldehyde as a pale yellow solid (1.7g, 36% yield).
Example 88B
8-(3-iodo-4-methylphenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1 H,3H-difuro f 3,4-b:3,4-e~pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione 3-Iodo-4-methylbenzaldehyde was substituted for 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde and processed as described in Example 5 to. provide the title compound as a wk~ite. solid:
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 408 (M-H)'; . ~ ..
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 2.32 (s, 3H), 4.57 (s, 1H), 4.98 (q, J=12.54 Hz, 4H), 7.19 (dd, J=8.07, 1.11 Hz, 1 H), 7.26 (d, J=8.07 Hz, 1 H), 7.66 (d, J=1.11 Hz, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for Cl6HizINO4: C, 46.97; H, 2.96; N, 3.42. Found: C, 46.65; H, 2.80; N, 3.26.
Example 89 ~9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro~3,4-b~quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione Example 89A
methyl 4-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2,6,6-trimethyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-quinolinecarboxylate A stirred solution of 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde (1.80 g, 8.87 mmol), 4,4-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione (1.24 g, 8.87 mmol), and methyl 3-aminocrotonate (1.02 g mg, 8.87 mmol) in methanol (50 mL) was treated with anhydrous ammonium acetate (957 mg, 12.4 mmol) and the mixture was heated at reflux for 36 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and the white solid that precipitated was isolated by filtration.
The solid was triturated sequentially with cold methanol followed by diethyl ether to provide the title compound as a white solid: 1.54 g (3.64 mmol, 41 %).
Enantiomers were resolved by chiral HPLC using a (R,R)-Whelk-O l column (2.1 cm x 25 5. cm), 25% EtOH/hexanes, flow rate=10 mL/min.
Less polar isomer, retention time=29 minutes:
MS (DCI/NH3) m/z 422 (M+H)+;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 0.91 (s, 3H), 1.02 (s, 3H), 1.64-1.78 (m, 2H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 3.31-3.39 (m, 2H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 4.86 (s, 1H), 7.12-7.23 (m, 2H), 7.36 (dd, J=6.6, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 9.20 (br s, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for C2oH21BrFN03: C, 56.88; H, 5.01; N, 3.32. Found: C, 56.69; H, 5.16; N, 3.34.
More polar isomer, retention time=36 minutes:
MS (DCI/NH3) m/z 422 (M+H)~;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 0.91 (s, 3H), 1.02 (s, 3H), 1.64-1.78 (m, 2H), 2.31 (s, 3H), ''.3:31-3.39 (m, 2H), 3.57 (s; 3H),'4.86 (s, 1H), 7.12-7.23 (m, 2H), 7.36 (dd, J '6.6, 2:I~.Hz, 1H), :9:20 (br s, 1 H); , .
Anal. Calcd for C2oH21BrFN03: C, 56.88; H, 5.01; N, 3.32. Found: C, 56.74; H, 5.07; N, 3.40.
Example 89B
-) 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-7,7-dimethyl=5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro(3,4-b~quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione The more polar enantiomer (272 mg, 0.644 mmol) from Example 89A was dissolved in chloroform (6 mL) and N-bromosuccinimide (115 mg, 0.644 mmol) was added at 23 °C.
After 3 hours of stirring at 23 °C, the reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate (20 mL) and water (8 mL). The organic portion was washed with brine (5 mL) and then dried (sodium sulfate), filtered, and concentrated to give an off yellow solid. The crude solid was placed in a 25 mL round bottom flask and immersed in a pre-heated (130 °C) oil bath 3o under a stream of nitrogen for 1.5 hours. The resulting residue was dissolved in a minimum volume of methylene chloride and purified by flash chromatography (silica, elution with 10%

ethyl acetate/methylene chloride) to provide the title compound as an off white solid (194 mg, 0.478 mmol, 74%).
~ajD23 -109° (c 0.3, CHC13);
mp 197-198 °C;
s 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 0.87 (s, 3H), 0.94 (s, 3H), 1.75 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.48-2.69 (m, 2H), 4.61 (s, 1H), 4.83 (ABq, JAB=16.5 Hz, wAB=29.7 Hz, 2H), 7.13-7.24 (m, 2H), 7.38 (dd, J=6.7, 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 10.11 (br s, 1 H);
i3C NMR (DMSO-d6) ~ 23.6, 24.1, 24.8, 33.7, 33.9, 65.2, 101.3, 107.2, 109.0, 116.1, 128.5, 132.0, 143.4, 151.2, 156.3, 171.3, 199.5;
1o MS (DCI/NH3) m/z 423 (M+NH4)+;
Anal. Calcd for C19Hi7BrFN03: C, 56.17; H, 4.22; N, 3.45. Found: C, 56.09; H, 4.16; N, 3.44.
Example 90 15 (+) 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuror3,4-b~quinoline-l,g(3H,4H)-dione . , .
The less polar isomer from Example 89A was subjected to the bromination/lactonization procedure described in Example 89B to provide the title compound.
20 Via,]D23 +114° (c 0.3, CHC13);
mp 197-198 °C;
MS (DCI/NH3) m/z 423 (M+NH4)+;
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 0.87 (s, 3H), 0.94 (s, 3H), 1.75 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.48-2.69 (m, 2H), 4.61 (s, 1H), 4.83 (ABq, JAB=16.5 Hz, wAB=29.7 Hz, 2H), 7.13-7.24 (m, 2H), 7.38 25 (dd, J=6.7, 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 10.11 (br s, 1 H);
13C NMR (DMSO-d6) 8 23.6, 24.1, 24.8, 33.7, 33.9, 65.2, 101.3, 107.2, 109.0, 116.1, 128.5, 132.0, 143.4, 151.2, 156.3, 171.3, 199.5;
Anal. Calcd for C19H17BrFNO3: C, 56.17; H, 4.22; N, 3.45. Found: C, 56.10; H, 4.26; N, 3.51.
Example 91 8-~3-(2-furyl)-4-methylphenyl~-5, 8-dihydro-1 H,3 H-difuro X3,4-b:3,4-e~pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione To a slurry of the product from Example 81 (130 mg, 0.36 mmol) in 5 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide was added tributyl(2-furyl)stannane (0.14 mL, 0.43 mmol), di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (75 mg, 0.36 mmol) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (46 mg, 0.04 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 120 °C in a sealed high pressure tube overnight.
Then it was cooled to ambient temperature and diluted with ethyl acetate. The solution was washed succesively with brine, 1N hydrochloric acid, aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by l0 flash chromatography on silica gel using methylene chloride-methyl alcohol (20:1 ) as eluent to yield the title compound as a pale yellow solid. The title compound was recrystallized from methylene chloride-methyl alcohol-diethyl ether (1:1:20) (62mg, 49%).
MS (ESI(-)) m/z 348 (M-H)-;
1HNMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8 2.40 (s, 3H), 4.62 (s, 1H), 4.98 (q, J=12.54 Hz, 4H), 6.63 1 s (q, J=1.04 Hz, 1 H), 6.70 (d, J=3 .31 Hz, 1 H), 7.10 (dd, ;J.=7.72, 1.84 Hz, 1 H), 7.22 (d, J=8.09 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (d, J=1.84 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d, J=1.11 Hz, 1H);
Anal. Calcd for C2oH15N05Ø2 H20: C, 68.76; H, 4.33; N, 4.01. Found: C, 67.82; H, 4:23;' N, 3.63.
2o Example 92 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydrocyclopenta~b~pyrano~3,4-e~pyridine-1,8-dione Example 92A
25 4-( 1-ethoxyethoxy)-1-butyne 3-Butyn-1-of (46.33 g, 0.661 mole) was dissolved in methylene chloride (700 mL) and treated with ethyl vinyl ether (0.661 mole, 63.2 mL) and pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (0.033, 8.31 g) (note: upon addition of pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate an exothermic reaction takes place). After stirring for a period of 2 hours, the reaction mixture was concentrated and 30 filtered through a pad of silica gel (ethyl acetate:hexane, 1:1) to provide the title compound as a colorless liquid (80.29 g, 85.5% yield).

Example 92B
benzyl 5-( 1-ethoxyethoxy)-2-pentynoate A solution of the product from Example 92A (79.99 g, 0.563 mole) in tetrahydrofuran (1 L) was treated dropwise at -78 °C with n-butyllithium (2.5 M in hexane, 0.563 mole, 225 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred~at -78 °C for half an hour and then benzyl chloroformate (0.563 mole, 80:4 rriL) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at -78 °C for 2 hours, allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stirred overnight. After quenching with water, ethyl acetate was added and the layers were separated.
The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate; filtered and concentrated. Flash chromatography of to the residue (silica, hexane to hexane:ethyl acetate, 30:1 to 4:1) provided the title compound as a colorless oil (155.5 g, 78% yield).
Example 92C
benzyl 5-hydroxy-2-pentynoate A solution of the product from Example 92B (122.1 g, 0.442 mole) in acetone (400 mL) was treated at ambient temperature with.~n aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (0.5:N, 200 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for~6 houxs and then diluted with water.and ethyl acetate. The layers were separated, and the organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to provide the title compound as a colorless oil (90.17 g, 100%
2o yield).
1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) 8 2.61 (t, 2H), 3.79 (t, 2H), 5.19 (s, 2H), 7.32-7.40 (m, SH).
Example 92D
4-(benzyloxy)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one A heterogeneous mixture of benzyl alcohol (2.65 mole, 274.4 mL), mercury(II) oxide (red) (13.26 mmol, 2.87 g) and boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (0.133 mole, 16.3 mL) was heated at 60 °C for 3 hours (eventually turned homogeneous). Then a solution of the product from Example 92C (90.17 g, 0.442 mole) in benzyl alcohol (91.5 mL) was added at ambient temperature, and the reaction mixture was stirred at 70 °C for 4 hours and again at ambient 3o temperature overnight. It was poured into an aqueous saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. Flash chromatography (silica, hexane to hexane:ethyl acetate, 30:1 to 1:2) provided the title compound as a white solid (49.6 g, 55% yield).
1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13) 8 2.60 (t, 2H), 4.38 (t, 2H), 4.95 (s, 2H), 5.28 (s, 1H), 7.32-7.46 (m~ SH)_ Example 92E
dihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione The product from Example 92D (9.17 g, 0.045 mole) was dissolved in isopropanol (500 mL) and treated with palladium hydroxide (20 wt. % palladium, dry basis, on carbon) (4 to g) under nitrogen atmosphere.- The reaction mixture was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere at atmospheric pressure overnight. It was filtered through a pad of silica gel (elution with ethyl acetate). The filtrate was concentrated to provide the title compound as a white solid (4.28 g, 84%).
1H NMR (300 MHz, CDC13)' 8 2.73 (t, 2H), 3.57 (s, 2H), 4.61 (t, 2H).
Example 92F
9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3,4;5;6;79-liexahydrocyclopenta(b~pyrano(3;4=e~pyridine-1,8 ~. dione A mixture of the product from Example 92E (1.5 mmol, 171 mg), 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde (1.5 mmol, 305 mg) and 3-amino-2-cyclopenten-1-one (1.5 mmol, 146 2o mg) was suspended in ethyl alcohol (5 mL). The reaction mixture was heated in a sealed tube at 80 °C over a period of 72 hours. The precipitate formed was collected by filtration and dried to provide the title compound (246 mg, 43% yield).
MS (APCI+) m/z 378 (M+H)+;
1H NMR (DMSO-d6) 8 2.28 (t, 2H), 2.52-2.86 (m, 4H), 4.20-4.38 (m, 2H), 4.63 (s, 1H), 7.20-7.27 (m, 2H), 7.45 (d, 1 H), 10.27 (bs, 1 H);
Anal. Calcd for Cl7HisN03FBr: C, 53.99; H, 3.46; N, 3.70. Found: C, 53.38; H, 3.76; N, 3.49.
Example 93 10-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,6,7,8,10-hexahydro-1 H-pyrano (4,3-b~
quinoline-1,9(5H)-dione A mixture of the product from Example 92E (1.5 mmol, 171 mg), 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde (1.5 mmol, 305 mg) and 3-amino-2-cyclohexen-1-one (1.5 mmol, 167 mg) was suspended in ethyl.alcohol (5 mL). The reaction mixture was heated in a sealed tube at 80 °C over a period of 72 hours. The precipitate formed was collected by filtration and dried to provide the title compound (265 mg, 45% yield).
MS (APCI-) m/z 390 (M-H)-;
1H NMR (DMSO-d6) 8 1.73-2.00 (m, 2H), 2.19-2.29 (m, 2H), 2.54-2.80 (m, 4H), 4.10-4.35 (m, 2H), 4.80 (s, 1H), 7.18-7.23 (m, 2H), 7.39 (dd, 1H), 9.72 (bs, 1H);
Anal. Calcd for C18H15N03FBr: C, 55.12; H, 3.85; N, 3.57. Found: C, 55.00; H, 3.79; N, io 3.54.
Example 94 10-~4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-3,4,6,7,8,10-hexahydro-1H-pyrano (4,3-b~quinoline-1 9(5H)-dione 4-Fluoro-3-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde was substituted for 3-bromo-4-- .,.: fluorobenzaldehyde and prooe5sed ~s.described in Example 93 to provide the title compound.
MS (APCI+) m/z 382 (M+H)+; . ~ . .. .. :
1H NMR (DMSO-d6) 8 1.74-2.00 (m, 2H), 2.19-2.29 (m, 2H), 2.54-2.80 (m, 4H), 4.12-4.35 (m, 2H), 4.87 (s, 1H), 7.35 (dd, 1H), 7.47-7.56 (m, 2H), 9.77 (bs, 1H);
2o Anal. Calcd for C19H15NO3F4: C, 59.85; H, 3.96; N, 3.67. Found: C, 59.66;
H, 3.88; N, 3.60.
Example 95 9-f 4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydrocyclopenta~b~pyrano~3,4-e~pyridine-1,8-dione 4-Fluoro-3-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde was substituted for 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde and processed as described in Example 92 to provide the title compound.
MS (APCI+) m/z 368 (M+H)+;
1H NMR (DMSO-d6) 8 2.28 (t, 2H), 2.52-2.86 (m, 4H), 4.21-4.38 (m, 2H), 4.72 (s, 1H), 7.38 (dd, 1H), 7.50-7.59 (m, 2H), 10.31 (bs, 1H);
3o Anal. Calcd for C18H13N03F4: C, 58.86; H, 3.57; N, 3.81. Found: C, 58.55;
H, 3.82; N, 3.63.
Example 96 10-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,10-hexahydro-1 H,9H-dipyrano X4,3-b:3,4-e~pyridine-1,9-dione Dihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione (0.456 g, 4.0 mmol) and 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde (0.406 g, 2.0 mmol) were treated with a methanolic solution of ammonia (6.0 mmol, 3.0 mL) and stirred in a sealed tube at 75 °C for 72 hours.
After cooling to ambient temperature, the reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue purified by flash chromatography over silica gel, ethyl acetate:dichloromethane:methanol (7:1:0.1 to 7:1:1) to provide the title compound as a pale yellow solid (0.080 g, 10% yield).
1H NMR (DMSO-d6) 8 2.57 (ddd, 2H), 2.73 (ddd, 2 H), 4.16-4.22 (m, 2H), 4.27-4.33 (m, 2H), 4.76 (s, 1H), 7.23-7.27 (m, 2H), 7.44 (dd, 1H), 9.86 (bs, 1H);
MS (APCI+) m/z 394 (M+H)+;
Anal. Calcd for C17Hi3BrFN04: C, 51.99; H, 3.77; N, 3.88. Found: C, 51.80; H, 2.92; N, 3.68.
Example 97 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)=45,6,9-tetrahydro-lH~furo~3,4-b~pyrano~3,4-e~pyridine-' . ~ ..,:
1,8(3H)-dione Example 97A
2o methyl4-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-5-oxo-1,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano~4,3-b~pyridine-3-caxboxylate Dihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione (0.171 g, 1.5 mmol), 3-bromo-4-fluorobenzaldehyde (0.304 g, 1.5 mmol) and methyl 3-aminocrotonate (0.173 g, 1.5 mmol) in ethanol (5.0 mL) were stirred in a sealed tube at 80 °C for 72 hours.
After cooling to ambient temperature, the reaction mixture was filtered to provide the title compound (0.120 g).
Example 97B
9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-4,5,6,9-tetrahydro-1H-faro(3,4-b~pyrano~3,4-e~pyridine-1,8(3H)-dione The product from Example 97A (0.235 g, 0.59 mmol) was suspended in chloroform (5.9 mL) and treated successively with pyridine (1.2 equiv, 0.06 mL) and pyridinium tribromide (1.1 equiv, 0.232 g) at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature over 1 hour and stirred at that temperature for one more hour. The mixture was poured over 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid solution and the layers were separated. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated.
Thenesidue was dissolved in chloroform (5.0 mL) and stirred at 50 °C
for 12 hours:. After concentration, the residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica, dichloromethane:methanol, 15:1 to 10:1) to provide the title compound (O.OSOg, 22% yield).
1H NMR (DMSO-d6) S 2.61 (ddd, 1H), 2.79 (ddd, 1H), 4.22-4.36 (m, 2H), 4.94 (s;
1H), 4.91 (ABq, 2H), 7.23-7.32 (m, 2H), 7.48 (dd, 1H), 10.34 (bs, 1H);
MS (APCI+) m/z 380 (M+H)+; ..
to Anal. Calcd for C16H11BrFN04: C, 50.99; H, 3.47; N, 3.29. Found: C, 50.55;
H; 2:92; N, 3.55.
Example 98 8-(4-fluoro-3-iodophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1 H,3H-difuro ~3,4-b:3,4-e~pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione Example 98A
dimethyl 4-(4-fluoro-3-iodophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate 4-Fluoro-3-iodobenzaldehyde (125mg, 0.5 mmol), methyl acetoacetate (116mg, 1 mmol) and ammonia hydroxide (0.1 mL) in methanol (4 mL) were heated 65 °C for 3 days.
The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue purified by flash chromatography (silica, hexanes:ethyl acetate 3:1) to provide the diester (150 mg, 67%
yield). The diester (140 mg) in methanol was treated with N-bromosuccinimide (112mg, 0.63mmol) at ambient temperature. After 3 hours, the reaction mixture was quenched with water and extracted with methylene chloride. The organic phase was dried, concentrated and heated neat 130°C for an hour. The resultant black residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica, 10% methanol/methylene chloride) to provide the title compound as fine white crystals (32mg, 25% yield).
1H NMR (DMSO-d6) cS 4.66 (s, 1H), 4.98 (q, 4H), 7.19 (t, 1H), 7.30 (m, 1H), 7.68 (dd, 1H), 10.65 (s, 1H);
MS (ESI-) m/z 414 (M+H)+;
MS (ESI-) m/z 412 (M-H)-;

Anal. Calcd for C15H9FIN04: C, 43.61; H, 2.20; N, 3.39. Found: C, 43.98; H, 2.29; N, 3.36.
. . Example 99 . ,8-(4-bromo-3-chlorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro~3,4-b:3,4-e~pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione , Example 99A
4-bromo-3-nitrobenzaldehyde A suspension of sodium nitrate (1.37 g, 16.2 mmol) in concentrated sulfuric acid (15 . . mL) was stirred at 10 °C until homogeneous and then treated with 4-bromobenzaldehyde to . (2.50 g, 13.5 mmol) portionwise over a 20 minute period. The solution.
was poured onto ice (50 g) and filtered. The filter cake was washed with copious amounts of water and then dried at 30 °C under reduced pressure to provide the title compound (2.95 g, 12.8 mmol, 95%) as a pale yellow solid.
MS (DCI/NH3) m/e 229 (M+H)+.
Example 99B
3-Amirio-4=bromobenzaldehyde (Reference: Park, K. K.; Oh, C. H.; Joung, W. K. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 7446) The product from Example 99A (992 mg, 4.31 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (6 mL) was treated 2o with water (1.5 mL) and N,N'-diheptyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dibromide (43 mg, 10 mg/mmol of substrate) at 23 °C. The biphasic mixture was cooled to 5 °C and treated with a solution of sodium dithionite (3.00 g, 17.2 mmol) and K2C03 (2.68 g, 19.4 mmol) in water (3.5 mL).
The cooling bath was removed and the biphasic mixture stirred vigorously at 23 °C for 4 hours. The mixture was partitioned between additonal CHZC12 (15 mL) and water (10 mL) and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH2C12 (10 mL). The organic portions were combined, washed with brine (10 mL), and dried (Na2S04). Ethyl acetate (5 mL) was added along with silica gel (5 g) and the suspension was filtered through a small pad of Celite, rinsing with 10% ethyl acetate/CH2C12 (15 mL). The filtrate was concentrated to provide the title compound as an off yellow powder (716 mg, 3.58 mmol, 82%).
MS (DCI/NH3) m/e 218 (M+NH4)+.
Example 99C

4-Bromo-3-chlorobenzaldehyde The product from Example 99B (1.97 g, 9.85 mmol) in concentrated HCl (20 mL) was treated with NaN02 (714 mg, 10.3 mmol) at 0 °C. After stirring for 30 minutes, the mixture was transferred cold in portionwise fashion by dropping pipet to a stirred solution of CuCI (1.37 g, 13.8 mmol) in concentrated HCl (15 mL) at 23 °C
(significant frothing!). The lime green solution was heated at 60 °C for 45 minutes, cooled, and diluted with ethyl acetate (200 mL) and water (50 mL) and the layers were partitioned. The organic portion was washed in succession with water (4 x 50 mL), aqueous NaHC03 (2 x 60 mL), brine (100 mL), dried (Na2S04) and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatogrpahy to (elution with 10% ethyl acetatelhexanes) to provide the title compound as a waxy off white solid (1.45 g, 6.59 mmol, 68%).
MS (DCI/NH3) mle 234 (M+NH4)+.
Example 99D
8-(4-bromo-3-chloronhenvll-5,8-dihvdro-1H.3H-difurof3.4-b:3:4-elnvridine-1.7(4Hl-dione The product from Example 99C (329mg, 1.5 mmol), methyl acetoacetate (348 mg, 3 mmol) and ammonia acetate (138 mg; '1.8 mmol) in methanol (lOmL) were,heated ~
65°C for 3 days. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue purified by flash chromatography (silica, hexanes:ethyl acetate 4:1) to provide the diester 2o (450 mg, 72% yield). The diester (350 mg) in chloroform was treated with pyridinium tribromide (848mg, 2.38mmo1) at ambient temperature. After stirring for 2 hours, the reaction mixture was quenched with water and extracted with chloroform. The organic phase was dried, concentrated and heated neat 130°C for 1 hour. The residue was triturated with acetone and filtered to provide the title compound as an off white solid (115mg, 28% yield).
1H NMR (DMSO-d6) 8 4.69 (s, 1H), 4.97 (q, 4H), 7.20 (d, 1H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 7.70 (d, 1H);
MS (ESI-) m/z 380 (M-H)-;
Anal. Calcd for C15H9BrC1N04: C, 47.09; H, 2.37; N, 3.66. Found: C, 46.98; H, 2.58; N, 3.37.
3o Example 100 8-~4-fluoro-3-(3-furyl)phenyl~-5,8-dihydro-1 H,3H-difuro ~3,4-b:3,4-e~pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione The product from Example 5 (100 mg), tributyl(2-furyl)stannane (0.2 ml), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (32 mg), and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (130 mg) in N,N-dimethylformamide (5 mL) were processed as described in Example 91 to provide the title compound (44 mg, 45% yield).
1H NMR (DMSO) 8 4.68 (s, 1H), 4.90 - 5.07 (q, 4H,~J=16.54 Hz), 6.98 (m, 1H), 7.14 (m, 1 H), 7.57 (m, 1 H), 7.82 (m, 1 H), 8.10 (m, 1 H), 10.71 '(s; 1 H);
MS (ESI-) m/z 352 (M-H)-; ' Anal. Calcd for Cl9HiZFN05~0.3 H20: C, 63.62; H, 3.54; N, 3.90. Found: C, 63.53; H, 3.93;
N, 3.96.
1 o Example 1 O 1.
8-~4-fluoro-3-(2-thienyl)phenyl-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro~3,4-b:3,4-e~pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione The product from Example 5 (100 mg), tributyl(2-thienyl)stannane (95 ~L), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (32 mg), and di-tert-butyl dicaxbonate (65 mg) in N,N-dimethylformamide (5 mL) were processed as described in Example 91 to provide the . . ~ :: title compound (76 rng, .76%). ~ . , , 1H NMR (DMSO-d6) 8 4.72 (s, 1H), 4.91-5.07 (m, 4H), 7.18-7:31 (m; 3H), 7.54-7.55 (d, 1H, J=2.5 Hz), 7.66-7.69 (m, 3H), 7.95 (s, 1H);
MS (ESI-) m/z 368 (M-H)';
Anal. Calcd for Cl9HiaFN04S~0.3 H20: C, 61.78; H, 3.27; N, 3.79. Found: C, 60.50; H, 3.59;
N, 3.50.
Example 102 8-(3-bromo-4-chlorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro~3,4-b:3,4-e~pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione Example 102A
3-Amino-4-chlorobenzaldehyde (Reference: Park, K. K.; Oh, C. H.; Joung, W. K. Tetrahedron Lett., (1993) 34, 7445-7446) 4-Chloro-3-nitrobenzaldehyde (4.00 g, 21.6 mmol) in methylene chloride (150 mL) was treated with water (50 mL) and N,N'-diheptyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dibromide (220 mg, 10 mg/mmol of substrate) at ambient temperature. The biphasic mixture was cooled to 5 °C and treated with a solution of sodium dithionite (15.0 g, 86.0 mmol) and KZC03 (13.4 g, 87.0 mmol) in water (45 mL).~ The cooling bath was removed and the biphasic mixture was stirred vigorously at ambient temperature for 4 hours. The mixture was partitioned between methylene chloride (75 mL) and water (50 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with methylene chloride (75 mL) and the organic..phases were combined, washed with brine (75 mL), dried (NaZS04), and concentrated. The residue was slurried in ethyl acetate (25 mL) and silica gel (75 g) and then filtered through a small pad of Celite, rinsing with 10% ethyl acetate/methylene chloride (15 mL). The filtrate was concentrated to provide the title compound as an off yellow powder(3.01, 19.3 mmol, 88%).
MS (DCI/NH3) m/e 218 (M+NH4)+.
Example -102B
3-Bromo-4-chlorobenzaldehyde The product from Example 102A (1.76 g, 11.3 mmol) in 48% aq. HBr (25 mL) was treated with NaN02 (781 mg, 11.3 mmol) at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes and then was transferred cold portionwise via pipet to a stirred solution of CuBr (2.27 g, 15~8-mmol). in 48% aq. HBr (15 mL) at 23 °C (significant frothing!). Water (12 rnL) : .
was added and the purple solution was heated at 60 °C 'for 45 minutes, cooled and diluted .
with ethyl acetate (200 mL). Water (50 mL) was added and the layers partitioned. The organic phase was washed in succession with water (3 x 50 mL), aq. NaHC03 (2 x 60 mL), 2o brine (100 mL), dried (Na2S04), and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatogrpahy (silica, 10% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to provide the title compound as a waxy off white solid (1.41 g, 57% yield).
MS (DCI/NH3) m/e 234 (M+NH4)+.
Example 102C
dimethyl 4-(3-bromo-4-chlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate 3-Bromo-4-chlorobenzaldehyde (747 mg, 3.45 mmol) and methyl acetoacetate (402 mg, 6.91 mmol) in methanol (50 mL) was treated with anhydrous ammonium acetate (346 mg, 4.49 mmol). After heating at reflux for 36 hours, the reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and filtered. The filter cake was triturated sequentially with cold methanol and then diethyl ether to provide the title compound as a white solid (960 mg, 67%
yield).

MS (DCI/NH3) m/e 231 (M+NH4)+.
Example 102D
8-(3-bromo-4-chlorophenyl)-5;8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro~3,4-b:3,4-e~pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione The product from Example 102C (911 mg, 2.20 mmol) in chloroform (25 mL) was treated with pyridinium tribromide (1.44 g, 4.50 mmol) in chloroform (10 mL) at 0 °C. The solution was allowed to warm to ambient temperature over a period of 3 hours and was then stirred an additonal 1.5 hours. The reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate (75 mL) and water (20 mL). The organic portion was washed with brine (20 mL), dried to (Na2S04), filtered, and concentrated to provide a yellow oil. The yellow oil was purified by filtration through a short plug 'of silica gel (10% ethyl acetate/methylene chloride) to provide the intermediate dibromide as an off yellow solid which was used without further purification.
The above dibromide was placed in a 25 mL round bottom flask and immersed in a pre-heated (130 °C) oil bath under a stream of nitrogen for 1.5 hours.
The resulting residue was triturated with 2:1 diethyl ether:acetone to provide ahe title compound as a~ finely divided light tan powder (446 mg, 53% 2-step yield): ~ v sx mp >270 °C;
1H NMR (DMSO-d6) d 4.68 (s, 1 H), 4.98 (ABq, 4H, JAB=12.1 Hz, DnAB=20.9 Hz), 7.31 (dd, 1H, J=7.6, 1.1 Hz), 7.57 (d, 1H, J=7.5 Hz), 7.63 (d, 1H, J=1.0 Hz), 10.84 (s, 1H);
MS (DCI/NH3) m/z 399 (M+NH4)+;
Anal. Calcd for C15H9BrC1N04: C, 47.09; H, 2.37; N, 3.66. Found: C, 47.24; H, 2.28; N, 3.51.

Determination of Potassium Channel Opening Activity Membrane Hyperpolarization Assays Compounds were evaluated for potassium channel opening activity using primary cultured guinea-pig urinary bladder (GPB) cells.
For the preparation of urinary bladder smooth muscle cells, urinary bladders were removed from male guinea-pigs (Hartley, Charles River, Wilmington, MA) weighing 300-400 grams (g) and placed in ice-cold Ca2+-free Krebs solution (Composition, millimolar (mM): KCI, 2.7; KH2P04, 1.5; NaCI, 75; NaZHP04, 9.6; Na2HP04.7H20, 8; MgS04, 2;
1o glucose, 5; HEPES, l0; .pH 7.4). Cells were isolated by enzymatic dissociation (Klockner, U. .
and Isenberg, G., Pflugers Arch. (1985), 405, 329-339). The bladder was cut into small sections and incubated in 5 milliliters (mL) of the Kreb's solution containing 1 milligram per milliliter (mg/mL) of collagenase (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) and 0.2 mg/mL of pronase (Calbiochem, La Jolla, CA) with continuous stirring in a cell incubator for 30 minutes. The mixture was then centrifuged,at .1300 x g for 5 minutes, and the pellet resuspended in . :Dulbecco's phosphate buffered aaline. (.PBS) _(,GIBCO, Gaithersburg, MD) and recentrifuged to remove residual enzyme.. The,cellrpellet was resuspended in 5 mL growth media (composition: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 units/mL penicillin, 100 units/mL streptomycin and 0.25 mg/mL
amphotericin B) 2o and further dissociated by pipetting the suspension through a flame-polished Pasteur pipette and passing it through a polypropylene mesh membrane (Spectrum, Houston, TX).
The cell density was adjusted to 100,000 cells/mL by resuspension in growth media.
Cells were plated in clear-bottomed black 96-well plates (Packard) for membrane potential studies at a density of 20,000 cells/well and maintained in a cell incubator with 90%
air:l0% C02 until confluent. Cells were confirmed to be of smooth muscle type by cytoskeletal staining using a monoclonal mouse anti human-a-smooth muscle actin (Biomeda, Foster City, CA).
Functional activity at potassium channels was measured by evaluating changes in membrane potential using the bis-oxonol dye DiBAC(4)3 (Molecular Probes) in a 96-well cell-based kinetic assay system using a Fluorescent Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR) (K.S.
3o Schroeder et al., J. Biomed. Screen., v. 1 pp. 75-81 (1996)). DiBAC(4)3 is an anionic potentiometric probe which partitions between cells and extracellular solution in a membrane potential-dependent manner. With increasing membrane potential (for example, K+

depolarization), the probe further partitions into the cell; this is measured as an increase in fluorescence due to dye interaction with intracellular lipids and proteins.
Conversely, .
decreasing membrane potential (hyperpolarization by potassium channel openers) evokes a .
decrease in. fluorescence.
Confluent guinea-pig urinary bladder cells cultured in black clear-bottomed 96-well plates were rinsed twice with 200 mL assay buffer (composition, mM: HEPES, 20;
NaCI, 120; ICI, 2; CaCl2, 2; MgCl2, 1; glucose, 5; pH 7.4 at 25 °C) containing 5 ~M DiBAC(4)3 and incubated with 180 mL of the buffer in a cell incubator for 30 minutes at 37 °C.to ensure dye distribution across the membrane. After recording the baseline fluorescence for 5 '.
l0 minutes; the reference or test compounds, prepared at 10 times the concentration in~the assay buffer, were added directly to the wells. Changes in fluorescence were monitored for an additional 25 minutes. Hyperpolarization responses were corrected for any background noise and were normalized to the response observed with 10 ~.M of the reference compound P 1075 (assigned as 100%), a potent opener of smooth muscle KATP channels (Quast et al., Mol.
Pharmacol., v. 43 pp.-474-481 (1993)).
Routinely; five concentrations of P 1075 or test compounds (log or half log dilutions) . '.. :v ::
were evaluated and the' magi-mal steady-state hyperpolarization values (expressed as relative to P1075) plotted as a function of concentration. The ECSO
(concentration that elicites 50% of the maximal response for the test sample) values were calculated by non-linear regression analysis using a four parameter sigmoidal equation. The maximal micromolar ECSO response of each compound (expressed as % relative to P1075) is reported.
Stock solutions of compounds were prepared in 100% DMSO and further dilutions were carried out in the assay buffer and added to a 96-well plate.

Membrane Hyperpolarization (MHP) in Guinea-Pig Bladder (GPB) Cells .

Maximal Example Response Number (% P1075) CSO(~M) 1 90.4 2.8 2 104 1.0 3 110 0.037 ~. 4 85 2.2 5 107 0.063 6 101 0.031 7 83 1.9 8 82 0.29 9 47 8.3 10 89 0.027 .

11 ~ ~ 79 0.23 , .

15 92 0.14 16 97 0.40 17 102 0.21 18 108 0.006 19 108 0.24 20 70 2.1 21 90 2.6 22 92 0.43 23 g7 0.18 24 83 0.70 25 108 0.007 27 86 1.2 28 103 0.096 29 97 0.12 31 66 2.4 32 94 0.012 35 81 0.54 36 64 0.54 37 100 1.0 38 85 0.15 39 82 1.9 44 104 0.45 49 91 1.9 51 97 0.085 52 115 0.19 53 87 0.63 ~

54 112 0.19 55 103 0.12 56 100 0.24 57 104 0.011 58 102 0.36 9 98 0.55 60 108 0.094 61 80 0.015 62 94 0.51 63 88 0.092 64 61 5.5 65 80 0.028 66 79 0.18 67 95 0.016 68 90 1.3 69 67 0.16 70 45 3.0 71 96 0.097 72 90 1.5 73 100 0.013 ' 74 105 0.28 75 103 0.028 76 98 0.67 77 88 0.012 8 9 0.26 79 122 0.32 80 115 0.26 81 98 0.39 '. 82 109 0.33 83 97 0.23 85 104 1.5 86 102 0.93 88 93 0.031 89 82 0.11 96 99 0.065 97 102 0.027 98 97 0.025 99 102 0.13 100 63 5.2 102 96 0.028 In vitro Functional models Compounds were evaluated for functional potassium channel opening activity using tissue strips obtained from Landrace pig bladders.
Landrace pig bladders were obtained from female Landrace pigs of 9-30 kg.
Landrace pigs were euthanized with an intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital solution, Somlethal~ , J.A. Webster Inc., Sterling MA. The entire bladder was removed and immediately placed into Krebs Ringer bicarbonate solution (composition, mM:
NaCI, 120;
NaHC03, 20; dextrose, 11; KCI, 4.7; CaClz, 2.5; MgS04, 1.5; KH2PO4, 1.2;
KZEDTA, 0.01, equilibrated with 5% C02/95% 02 pH 7.4 at 37 °C). Propranolol (0.004 mM) was included l0 in all of the assays to block (3-adrenoceptors. The trigonal and dome portions were discarded.
Strips 3-5 millimeters (mm) wide and 20 mm long were prepared from the remaining tissue cut in a circular fashion. The mucosal layer was removed. One end was fixed to a stationary glass rod and the other to a Grass FT03 transducer at a basal preload of 1.0 g. Two parallel platinum electrodes were included in the stationary glass rod to provide field stimulation of 0.05 Hz, 0.5 milli-seconds at 20 volts. This low frequency stimulation produced a stable twitch response of 1.00-500, centigrams. .Tissues were allowed to equilibrate .for-at least 60 minutes and primed with 80 mM'-KCI. A control concentration response curve (cumulative) was generated for each tissue using the potassium channel opener P1075 as the control agonist. P1075 completely eliminated the stimulated twitch in a dose dependent fashion over 2o a concentration range of 10-9 to 10-5 M using 1/2 log increments. After a 60 minute rinsing period, a concentration response curve (cumulative) was generated for the test agonist in the same fashion as that used for the control agonist P1075. The maximal efficacy of each compounds (expressed as % relative to P1075) is reported. The amount of agent necessary to cause 50% of the agent's maximal response (EDSO) was calculated using "ALLFIT"
(DeLean et al., Am. J. Physiol., 235, E97 (1980)), and agonist potencies were expressed as pD2 (the negative logarithm). Agonist potencies were also expressed as an index relative to P1075.
The index was calculated by dividing the EDSO for P1075 by the EDSO for the test agonist in a given tissue. Each tissue was used for only one test agonist, and the indices obtained from each tissue were averaged to provide an average index of potency. These data are shown in 3o Table 2.

Table 2~
Functional Potassium Channel Opening Activity in Isolated Bladder Strips Land race dder Pig Bla Example Efficacy~pD2 Index Number (%P1075)v 2 100 5.7 0.016 3 100 6.8 0.36 5 100 6.8 0.55 15 91.5 ' S.9 0.13 16 99.4 6.0 0.12 17 97.5 5.8 0.068 18 81 6.9 1.6 19 100 ~ 6.3 0.14 20 91.3 5.2 ~ 0.014 21 98 f.3 ~~ 0.087 23 98.3 4.8 0.021 ~

28 94.5 6.2 0.18 29 97.5 6.7 0.46 32 95 6.6 0.40 35 71.5 6.0 0.07 38 100 6.2 0.20 39 94.8 5.6 0.053 53 98 6.4 0.18 54 94.8 6.6 0.67 55 98 6.7 0.14 56 76 5.3 0.035 58 86.2 5.6 0.038 59 92.5 5.3 0.015 60 84.5 5.7 0.08 61 99.5 7.3 0.56 62 84.8 5.5 0.04 65 91 7.1 2.4 66 94 6.4 0.37 73 58.3 6.3 1.3 74 81.8 5.4 0.046 78 82.2 5.5 0.036 79 100 5.8 0.084 81 95.8 5.4 0.059 82 88.5 5.7 0.049 86 95.3 5.4 0.018 88 100 6.2 0.17 96 100 6.75 0.16 98 97 6.56 0.27 99 89 5.97 0.16 As shown by the data in Tables 1 and 2, the compounds of this invention reduce stimulated contractions of the bladder by opening potassium channels and therefore may have utility in the treatment of diseases prevented by or ameliorated with potassium channel openers.
The term "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier," as used herein, means a non-toxic, inert solid, semi-solid or liquid filler, diluent, encapsulating material or formulation auxiliary of any type. Some examples of materials which can serve as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are sugars such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; starches such as corn starch and to potato starch; cellulose and its derivatives such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate; powdered tragacanth; malt; gelatin; talc;
excipients such as cocoa butter and suppository waxes; oils such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil and soybean oil; glycols; such a propylene glycol; esters such as ethyl oleate and ethyl laurate; agar; buffering agents such as magnesium hydroxide and 15 aluminum hydroxide; alginic acid; pyrogen-free water; isotonic saline;
Ringer's solution;
ethyl alcohol, and phosphate buffer solutions, as well as other non-toxic compatible lubricants such as sodium lauryl sulfate and magnesium stearate, as well as coloring agents, releasing agents, coating agents, sweetening, flavoring and perfuming agents, preservatives and antioxidants can also be present in the composition, according to the judgment of the formulator.
The present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions which comprise compounds of the present invention formulated together with one or more non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers." Tho pharmaceutical compositions can be formulated for oral administration in solid or liquid form, for parenteral injection or for rectal administration.
Further included within the scope of the present invention are pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more of the compounds of formula I-VI prepared and to formulated in combination with one or more non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable compositions. The pharmaceutical compositions can be formulated for oral administration in solid or liquid form, for parenteral injection or for rectal administration.
The pharmaceutical compositions of this invention can be administered to humans and other mammals orally, rectally, parenterally, intracisternally, intravaginally, 15 intraperitoneally, topically (as by powders, ointments or drops), bucally or as an oral or nasal spray. The term "parenterally," as used herein, refers to modes of administration which include intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, iritrasternal, subcutaneous, intraarticular injection and infusion.
Pharmaceutical compositions of this invention for parenteral injection comprise 2o pharmaceutically acceptable sterile aqueous or nonaqueous solutions, dispersions, suspensions or emulsions and sterile powders for reconstitution into sterile injectable solutions or dispersions. Examples of suitable aqueous and nonaqueous carriers, diluents, solvents or vehicles include water, ethanol, polyols (propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerol, and the like), suitable mixtures thereof, vegetable oils (such as olive oil) and 25 injectable organic esters such as ethyl oleate. Proper fluidity may be maintained, for example, by the use of a coating such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersions, and by the use of surfactants.
These compositions may also contain adjuvants such as preservative agents, wetting agents, emulsifying agents, and dispersing agents. Prevention of the action of 30 microorganisms may be ensured by various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, paxabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, and the like. It may also be desirable to include isotonic agents, for example, sugars, sodium chloride and the like. Prolonged absorption of the injectable pharmaceutical form may be brought about by the use of agents delaying absorption, for example, aluminum monostearate and gelatin.
In some cases, in order to prolong the effect of a drug, it is often desirable to slow the absorption of the drug from subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. This may be accomplished by the use of a liquid suspension of crystalline or amorphous material with poor water solubility. The rate of absorption of the drug then depends upon its rate of dissolution which, in turn, may depend upon crystal size and crystalline form.
Alternatively, delayed absorption of a parenterally administered drug form is accomplished by dissolving or suspending the drug in an.oil vehicle.
to Suspensions, in addition to the active compounds, may contain suspending agents, as, for example, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols, polyoxyethylene sorbitol and sorbitan esters, microcrystalline cellulose, aluminum metahydroxide, bentonite, agar-agar, tragacanth, and mixtures thereof.
If desired, and for more effective distribution, the compounds of the present invention can be incorporated into slow-release or targeted-delivery systems such as polymer matrices, ~~.l~posomes, and microspheres. They may beaterilized, for example, by fltration through a bacteria-retaining filter or by incorporation of sterilizing agents in the form~of sterile solid compositions, which may be dissolved in sterile water or some other sterile injectable medium immediately before use.
2o The active compounds can also be in micro-encapsulated form, if appropriate, with one or more excipients as noted above. The solid dosage forms of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings, release controlling coatings and other coatings well known in the pharmaceutical formulating art. In such solid dosage forms the active compound can be admixed with at least one inert diluent such as sucrose, lactose, or starch. Such dosage forms may also comprise, as is normal practice, additional substances other than inert diluents, e.g., tableting lubricants and other tableting aids such a magnesium stearate and microcrystalline cellulose. In the case of capsules, tablets and pills, the dosage forms may also comprise buffering agents. They may optionally contain opacifying agents and can also be of such composition that they release the active ingredients) only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract in a delayed manner. Examples of embedding compositions which can be used include polymeric substances and waxes.

Inj ectable depot forms are made by forming microencapsulated matrices of the drug in biodegradable polymers such as polylactide-polyglycolide. Depending upon the ratio of .
drug to polymer and the nature of the particular polymer employed, the rate of drug release : . , can be controlled. .Examples of other biodegradable polymers include poly(orthoesters) and -poly(anhydrides) Depot injectable formulations are also prepared by entrapping the drug in liposomes or microemulsions which are compatible with body tissues.
The injectable formulations can be sterilized, for example, by filtration through a bacterial-retaining filter or by incorporating sterilizing agents in the form of sterile solid compositions which can be dissolved or dispersed in sterile water or other sterile injectable , , l0 medium just prior to use.
Injectable preparations, for example, sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspensions may be~formulated according to the known art using suitable dispersing'or wetting agents and suspending agents. The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution, suspension or emulsion in a nontoxic, parenterally acceptable diluent or .
solvent such as a solution in 1,3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that .
. , may be employed are.water~.Rirlger's.solution, U.S.P. and isotonic. sodium chloride solution.
,. In addition, sterile, fixed oils are.conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil can be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid are used in the preparation of 2o injectables.
Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules, tablets, pills, powders, and granules. In such solid dosage forms, the active compound is mixed with at least one inert, pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier such as sodium citrate or dicalcium phosphate and/or a) fillers or extenders such as starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and silicic acid; b) binders such as carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidinone, sucrose, and acacia; c) humectants such as glycerol;
d) disintegrating agents such as agar-agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain silicates, and sodium carbonate; e) solution retarding agents such as paraffin); f) absorption accelerators such as quaternary ammonium compounds; g) wetting agents such as cetyl 3o alcohol and glycerol monostearate;) absorbents such as kaolin and bentonite clay; and i) lubricants such as talc, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, solid polyethylene glycols, sodium.lauryl sulfate, and mixtures thereof. In the case of capsules, tablets and pills, the dosage form may also comprise buffering agents.
Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in softand hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high : ~ r molecular weight polyethylene glycols and the like.
The solid dosage forms of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can'be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings and other coatings well knovim in the pharmaceutical formulating art. They may optionally contain opacifying agents and can also be of a composition that they release the active ingredients) only, or preferentially, in a to certain part of the intestinal tract in a delayed manner. Examples of embedding compositions which can be used include polymeric substances and waxes.
Compositions for rectal or vaginal administration are preferably suppositories which can be prepared by mixing the compounds of this invention with suitable non-irritating excipients or carriers such as cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol or a suppository wax which 15 are solid at ambient temperature but liquid at body temperature and therefore melt in the rectum or vaginal .cavity. and release the active compound. , . _ , Liquid dosage forms for oral administration .include pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, microemulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs. In addition to the active compounds, the liquid dosage forms may contain inert diluents commonly used in the 2o art such as, for example, water or other solvents, solubilizing agents and emulsifiers such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, dimethylformamide, oils (in particular, cottonseed, groundnut, corn, germ, olive, castor, and sesame oils), glycerol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, polyethylene glycols and fatty acid esters of sorbitan, and 25 mixtures thereof. Besides inert diluents, the oral compositions can also include adjuvants such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents.
Dosage forms for topical or transdermal administration of a compound of this invention include ointments, pastes, creams, lotions, gels, powders, solutions, sprays, 3o inhalants or patches. The active component is admixed under sterile conditions with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and any needed preservatives or buffers as may be required. Ophthalmic formulation, ear drops, eye ointments, powders and solutions are also contemplated as being within the scope of this invention.
The ointments, pastes, creams and gels may contain, in addition to an active ,,compound of this invention, excipients such as animal and vegetable fats, oils; waxes, paraffms, starch, tragacanth, cellulose derivatives, polyethylene glycols, silicones, bentonites, silicic acid, talc and zinc oxide, or mixtures thereof.
Powders and sprays can contain, in addition to the compounds of this invention, excipients such as lactose, talc, silicic acid, aluminum hydroxide, calcium silicates and polyamide powder, or mixtures of these substances. Sprays can additionally:contain l o . customary propellants such as chlorofluorohydrocarbons.
Transdermal patches have the added advantage of providing controlled delivery of a compound to the body. Such dosage forms can be made by dissolving or dispensing the compound in the proper medium. Absorption enhancers can also be used to increase the flux of the compound across the skin. The rate can be controlled by either providing a rate controlling membrane or by dispersing the compound in a polymer matrix or gel.
.
. ~. Compounds of the present invention may also be administered in the form of ~~:.: ;
liposomes: As is lcnowwin the art, liposomes are generally derived from phospholipids or '.. .
other lipid substances. Liposomes are formed by mono- or mufti-lamellar hydrated liquid crystals that are dispersed in an aqueous medium. Any non-toxic, physiologically acceptable 2o and metabolizable lipid capable of forming liposomes may be used. The present compositions in liposome form may contain, in addition to the compounds of the present invention, stabilizers, preservatives, excipients, and the like. The preferred lipids are the natural and synthetic phospholipids and phosphatidylcholines (lecithins) used separately or together.
Methods to form liposomes are known in the art. See, for example, Prescott, Ed., Methods in Cell Biology, Volume XIV, Academic Press, New York, N. Y., (1976), p 33 et seq.
The term "pharmaceutically acceptable cation," as used herein, refers to a positively-charged inorganic or organic ion that is generally considered suitable for human consumption. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable cations are hydrogen, alkali metal (lithium, sodium and potassium), magnesium, calcium, ferrous, ferric, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, tetraalkylammonium, diethanolammmonium, and choline. Canons may be interchanged by methods known in the art, such as ion exchange.
The terms "pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters and amides," as used herein, refer to carboxylate salts, amino acid addition salts, zwitterions, esters and amides of compounds ~5 of formula I-VI which are, within the scope of sound medical judgement, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response, and the like, are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio, and are effective for their intended use.
The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt," as used herein, refers to salts that are l0 well known in the art. For example, S. M Berge et al. describe pharmaceutically acceptable salts in detail in (J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 66:1-19 (1977)). Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable, nontoxic acid addition salts are salts of an amino group formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and perchloric acid or with organic acids such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, malefic acid, tartaric 15 acid, citric acid, succinic acid, or malonic acid or by using other methods used in the art such ~as ion exchange. Other pharmaceutically acceptable salts include nitrate, bisulfate; borate, formate,=butyrate, valerate, 3-phenylpropionate, camphorate, adipate, benzoate;°oleate, palmitate, stearate, laurate, lactate, fumarate, ascorbate, aspartate, nicotinate, p-toluenesulfonate, camphorsulfonate, methanesulfonate, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, gluconate, 2o glucoheptonate, lactobionate, glycerophosphate, pectinate, lauryl sulfate, and the like, metal salts such as sodium, potassium, magnesium or calcium salts or amino salts such as ammonium, triethylamine salts, and the like, all of which may be prepared according to conventional methods.
The term "pharmaceutically acceptable ester," as used herein, refers to esters of 25 compounds of the present invention which hydrolyze in vivo and include those that break down readily in the human body to leave the parent compound or a salt thereof.
Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable, non-toxic esters of the present invention include C1-to-C6 alkyl esters and CS-to-C7 cycloalkyl esters, although C1-to-C4 alkyl esters are preferred. Esters of the compounds of formula I-VI may be prepared according to conventional methods.
3o The term "pharmaceutically acceptable amide," as used herein, refers to non-toxic amides of the present invention derived from ammonia, primary Cl-to-C6 alkyl amines and secondary C1-to-C6 dialkyl amines. In the case of secondary amines, the amine may also be in the form of a 5- or 6-membered heterocycle containing one nitrogen atom.
Amides derived from ammonia, C1-to-C3 alkyl primary amides and C1-to-C2 dialkyl secondary amides are preferred. Amides of the compounds of formula I-VI may be prepared according to conventional methods. It is intended that amides of the present invention include amino acid and peptide derivatives of the compounds of formula I-VI, as well.
The term "pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug" or "prodrug," as used herein, represents those prodrugs of the compounds of the present invention which are, within the scope of sound medical judgement, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response, and the like, l0 commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio, and effective for their intended use.
Prodrugs of the present invention may be rapidly transformed in vivo to the parent compound of the above formula, for example, by hydrolysis in blood. A thorough discussion is provided in (T. Higuchi and V. Stella, Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems, V. 14 of the A.C.S.
Symposium Series, and in Edward B. Roche, ed., Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design, American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press.(1987)).
.. , . ,.The term '°prodrug ester group," as used herein refers; to 'any of several ester-forming . . .groups that are hydrolyzed under.physiological conditions. Examples of prodrug ester groups .
include pivoyloxymethyl, acetoxymethyl, phthalidyl, indanyl and methoxymethyl, as well as other such groups known in the art. Other examples of prodrug ester groups can be found in 2o the book ("Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems," by Higuchi and Stella) cited above. .
Dosage forms for topical administration of a compound of this invention include powders, sprays, ointments and inhalants. The active compound is mixed under sterile conditions with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and any needed preservatives, buffers or propellants which can be required. Opthalmic formulations, eye ointments, powders and solutions are also contemplated as being within the scope of this invention.
Actual dosage levels of active ingredients in the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention can be varied so as to obtain an amount of the active compounds) which is effective to achieve the desired therapeutic response for a particular patient, compositions and mode of administration. The selected dosage level will depend upon the activity of the 3o particular compound, the route of administration, the severity of the condition being treated and the condition and prior medical history of the patient being treated.
However, it is within the skill of the art to start doses of the compound at levels lower than required for to achieve the desired therapeutic effect and to gradually increase the dosage until the desired effect is achieved.
The present invention contemplates pharmaceutically active metabolites formed by in vivo biotransformation of compounds of formula I-VI. The term pharmaceutically active metabolite, as used herein, refers to a compound formed by the in vivo biotransformation of compounds of formula I-VI. The present invention contemplates compounds of formula I-VI
and metabolites thereof. A thorough discussion of biotransformation is provided in Goodman and Gilman's, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, seventh edition, hereby incorporated by reference.
to The compounds of the invention, including but not limited to those specified in the examples, possess potassium channel opening activity in mammals (especially humans). As potassium channel openers, the compounds of the present invention are useful for the treatment and prevention of diseases such as asthma, epilepsy, hypertension, Raynaud's syndrome, impotence, migraine, pain, eating disorders, urinary incontinence, functional bowel disorders, neurodegeneration and stroke. ~.
The ability of the compounds of the invention ~to treat asthma, epilepsy, hypertension; :.
Raynaud's-.syndrome, male sexual dysfunction, female~sexual dysfunctian, migraine, pain; , eating disorders, urinary incontinence, functional bowel disorders, neurodegeneration and stroke can be demonstrated according to the methods described (D. E. Nurse et al., Br. J.
2o Urol., v. 68 pp. 27-31 (1991); B. B. Howe et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., v. 274 pp. 884-890 (1995); K. Lawson, Pharmacol. Ther., v. 70 pp. 39-63 (1996); D. R. Gehlert, et al., Neuro-Psychopharmacol & Biol. Psychiat., v. 18 pp. 1093-1102 (1994); M.
Gopalakrishnan et al., Drug Development Research, v. 28 pp. 9S-127 (1993); J.E. Freedman et al., The Neuroscientist, v. 2 pp. 14S-1S2 (1996); D. Spanswick et al., Nature, v. 390 pp. S21-2S
(December 4, 1997)).
Aqueous liquid compositions of the present invention are particularly useful for the treatment and prevention of asthma, epilepsy, hypertension, Raynaud's syndrome, male sexual dysfunction, female sexual dysfunction, migraine, pain, eating disorders, urinary incontinence, functional bowel disorders, neurodegeneration and stroke.
3o When used in the above or other treatments, a therapeutically effective amount of one of the compounds of the present invention can be employed in pure form or, where such forms exist, in pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide or prodrug form. Alternatively, the compound can be administered as a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound of interest in combination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. The phrase "therapeutically effective amount" of the compound of the invention means a sufficient amount of the compound to treat disorders, at a reasonable benefit/risk ratio applicable to any medical treatment: It will be understood, however, that the total daily usage of the compounds and compositions of the present invention will be decided by the attending physician within the scope of sound medical judgement. The specific therapeutically effective dose level for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors including the disorder being treated and the severity of the disorder;
activity of the to specific compound employed; the specific composition employed; the age, body weight, general health, sex and diet of the patient; the time of administration, route of administration, and rate of excretion of the specific compound employed; the duration of the treatment; drugs used in combination or coincidental with the specific compound employed; and like factors well known in the medical arts: For example, it is well within the skill of the art to start doses of the compound at levels lower than required to.achieve the desired therapeutic effect and to gradually: increase the dosage until the desired: effect:is-achieved, The total daily dose of the compounds of this invention administered to a human' or lower animal may range from about 0.003 to about 10 mg/kg/day. For purposes of oral administration, more preferable doses can be in the range of from about 0.01 to about 5 mglkg/day. If desired, the effective daily dose can be divided into multiple doses for purposes of administration; consequently, single dose compositions may contain such amounts or submultiples thereof to make up the daily dose.

Claims (134)

WE CLAIM:

1. A compound having formula I
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein n and n' are independently 1-3;
A is selected from the group consisting of O, -NR2, and S;
A' is selected from the group consisting of O, -NR2', S, and CR4'R5' ;
D is selected from the group consisting of CH2 and C(O);
D' is selected from the group consisting of CH2, C(O), S(O), and S(O)2;
R1 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heterocycle;
R2 and R2' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocyclealkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, -NZ1Z2, and (NZ1Z2)alkyl wherein Z1 and Z2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, and formyl;
R4' and R5' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl;
R6' and R7' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl;
with the proviso that when D is CH2 then D' is other than CH2;
with the proviso that when D' is S(O) or S(O)2 then A' is CR4'R5'; and with the proviso that the following compounds are excluded, 8-[2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,7-dioxo-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrodipyrrolo[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-2,6-dipropanoic acid, (8-[2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,7-dioxo-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrodipyrrolo[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-2,6-ethyldipropanate, 8-[2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-6-methyl-4, 5, 6, 8-tetrahydro-1H-furo [3,4-b]pyrrolo [3,4-e] pyridine-1,7(3 H)-dione, 8-[2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2,6-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrodipyrrolo[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7-dione, 2,6-dimethyl-8-phenyl-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrodipyrrolo[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7-dione, 8-(3-nitrophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, (2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5, 8-dihydro-1H, 3H-difuro [3,4-b: 3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(4-iodophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(4-bromophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1, 7(4H)-dione, 8-(3-bromophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(2-fluorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-phenyl-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(2-aminophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-[2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(2-chlorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(2-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro [3,4-b: 3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(4-nitrophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(3-chlorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro [3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(2-nitrophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl-3,4,5,6,7,10-hexahydro-1H,9H-dipyrano[4,3-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,9-dione, 6,6-dimethyl-9-phenyl-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, 9-(1,3 -benzodioxol-5-yl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8 (3H,4H)-dione, 9-(3-methoxyphenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8 (3H,4H)-dione, 9-(2-methoxyphenyl)-6,6-dimethyl-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, 6,6-dimethyl-9-(2-nitrophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, 6,6-dimethyl-9-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, and 9-[3-(benzyloxy)phenyl]-6,6-dimethyl-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione.

2. A compound according to claim 1 of formula II
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein, n and n' are independently 1-3;
A is selected from the group consisting of O, -NR2, and S;
A' is selected from the group consisting of O, -NR2', S, and CR4'R5';
R1 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heterocycle;
R2 and R2' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocyclealkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, -NZ1Z2, and (NZ1Z2)alkyl wherein Z1 and Z2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, and formyl;
R4' and R5' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl; and R6' and R7' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl.

3. A compound according to claim 2 wherein, A is NR2;
A' is NR2'; and n'is 1.

4. A compound according to claim 2 wherein, A is NR2;
A' is O; and n'is 1.

5. A compound according to claim 2 wherein, A is NR2;
A' is S; and n'is 1.

6. A compound according to claim 2 wherein, A is NR2;
A' is CR4'R5'; and n'is 1.

7. A compound according to claim 2 wherein, A is O;
A' is NR2'; and n'is 1.

8. A compound according to claim 2 wherein, A is O;
A' is O; and n'is 1.

9. A compound according to claim 2 wherein, A is O;
A'is S; and n'is 1.

10. A compound according to claim 2 wherein, A is O;

A'is CR4'R5'; and n'is 1.

11. A compound according to claim 2 wherein, A is S;
A'is NR2'; and n'is 1.

12. A compound according to claim 2 wherein, A is S;
A'is O;and n'is 1.

13. A compound according to claim 2 wherein, A is S;
A'is S; and n'is 1.

14. A compound according to claim 2 wherein, A is S;
A'is CR4'R5'; and n'is 1.

15. A compound according to claim 2 wherein, A is NR2;
A'is NR2 ; and n'is 2.

16. A compound according to claim 2 wherein, A is NR2;
A'is O; and n'is 2.

17. A compound according to claim 2 wherein, A is NR2;
A'is S; and n'is 2.

18. A compound according to claim 2 wherein, A is NR2;
A'is CR4'R5'; and n'is 2.

19. A compound according to claim 2 wherein, A is O;
A'is NR2'; and n'is 2.

20. A compound according to claim 2 wherein, A is O;
A'is O; and n'is 2.

21. A compound according to claim 2 wherein, A is O;
A'is S;and n'is 2.

22. A compound according to claim 2 wherein, A is O;
A'is CR4'R5'; and n'is 2.

23. A compound according to claim 2 wherein, A is S;
A'is NR2 ; and n'is 2.

24. A compound according to claim 2 wherein, A is S;
A'is O;and n'is 2.

25. A compound according to claim 2 wherein, A is S;
A'is S;and n'is 2.

26. A compound according to claim 2 wherein, A is S;
A'is CR4'R5'; and n'is 2.

27. A compound according to claim 1 of formula III
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein, n and n' are independently 1-3;
A is selected from the group consisting of O, -NR2, and S;
A' is selected from the group consisting of O, -NR2', S, and CR4'R5';
R1 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heterocycle;
R2 and R2' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocyclealkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, -NZ1Z2, and (NZ1Z2)alkyl wherein Z1 and Z2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, and formyl;
R4' and R5' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl; and R6' and R7' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl.

28. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is NR2;
A'is NR2'; and n'is 1.

29. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is NR2;
A'is NR2 ;
R6' is hydrogen;
R7' is hydrogen;
n is 1; and n'is 1.

30. A compound according to claim 29 selected from the group consisting of 8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrodipyrrolo[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1, 7-dione; and 8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrodipyrrolo[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7-dione.

31. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is NR2;
A'is O; and n'is 1.

32. A compound according to claim 27 wherein A is NR2;
A'is O;
R6' is hydrogen;
R7' is hydrogen;
n is 1; and n'is 1.

33. A compound according to claim 32 that is 8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1H-furo [3,4-b]pyrrolo[3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione.

34. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is NR2;
A'is S; and n'is 1.

35. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is NR2;
A'is CR4'R5'; and n'is 1.

36. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is NR2;
A'is CR4'R5';
R6' is hydrogen;
R7'is hydrogen;
n is 1; and n' is 1.

37. A compound according to claim 36 selected from the group consisting of 8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrolo[3,4- e]pyridine-1,7-dione, 8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-ethyl-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrolo[3,4-e]pyridine-1,7-dione, 8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrolo[3,4-e]pyridine-1,7-dione, 8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrolo[3,4-e]pyridine-1,7-dione hydrochloride, 8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrolo[3,4-e]pyridine-1,7-dione hydrochloride, (8R)-8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrolo[3,4-e]pyridine-1,7-dione, and (8S)-8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrolo[3,4-e]pyridine-1,7-dione.

38. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is NR2;
A' is CR4'R5';
R6' is hydrogen;
R7' is hydrogen;
n is 2; and n' is 1.

39. A compound according to claim 38 selected from the group consisting of 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b][1,6]naphthyridine-1,8(2H)-dione, 9-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b][1,6] naphthyridine-1,8 (2H)-dione 9-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b][1,6]naphthyridine-1,8(2H)-dione, 9-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b][1,6]naphthyridine-1,8(2H)-dione, 9-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b][1,6]naphthyridine-1,8(2H)-dione, 9-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b][1,6]naphthyridine-1,8(2H)-dione, 9-(3,4-dibromophenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]
[1,6]naphthyridine-1,8(2H)-dione, 9-(3-cyanophenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b][1,6]naphthyridine-1,8(2H)-dione, 9-(5-chloro-2-thienyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b][1,6]naphthyridine-1,8(2H)-dione, 9-(3-nitrophenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b][1,6]naphthyridine-1,8(2H)-dione, 9-(5-nitro-2-thienyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b][1,6]naphthyridine-1,8(2H)-dione, and 9-(5-nitro-3-thienyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b][1,6]naphthyridine-1,8(2H)-dione.

40. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is O;
A' is NR2'; and n' is 1.

41. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is O;
A'is O;and n' is 1.

42. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is O;
A' is O;
R6' is hydrogen;
R7' is hydrogen;
n is 1; and n' is 1.

43. A compound according to claim 42 selected from the group consisting of 8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-[4-fluoro-3-(2-furyl)phenyl]-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(4-methyl-3-nitrophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1;7(4H)-dione, 8-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(3,4-dibromophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(3-bromo-4-methylphenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(4-bromo-3-methylphenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(4-fluoro-3-isopropenylphenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-a]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(3-iodo-4-methylphenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-[3-(2-furyl)-4-methylphenyl]-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(4-fluoro-3-iodophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(4-bromo-3-chlorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-[4-fluoro-3-(3-furyl)phenyl]-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-[4-fluoro-3-(2-thienyl)phenyl]-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, and 8-(3-bromo-4-chlorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione.

44. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is O;
A'is S;and n'is 1.

45. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is O;
A' is CR4R5; and n' is 1.

46. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is O;
A' is CR4'R5';
R6 is hydrogen;
R7 is hydrogen;
n is 1; and n' is 1.

47. A compound according to claim 46 selected from the group consisting of 8-(3 -bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]furo[3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, (8 S)-8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]furo[3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, (8R)-8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]furo[3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, (8S)-8-(4-methyl-3-nitrophenyl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]furo[3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, (8R)-8-(4-methyl-3-nitrophenyl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]furo[3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, (8S)-8-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]furo[3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, (8R)-8-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]furo[3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, (8S)-8-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]furo[3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, and (8R)-8-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]furo[3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione.

48. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is O;
A' is CR4'R5;
R6' is hydrogen;
R7' is hydrogen;
n is 2; and n' is 1.

49. A compound according to claim 48 that is selected from the group consisting of 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrano[3,4-e]pyridine-1,8-dione; and 9-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrano[3,4- e]pyridine-1,8-dione.

50. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is S;
A' is NR2; and n' is 1.

51. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is S;
A' is O; and n'is 1.

52. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is S;
A' is S; and n'is 1.

53. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is S;
A' is CR4'R5; and n'is 1.

54. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is NR2;
A' is NR2; and n' is 2.

55. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is NR2;
A' is NR2';
R6' is hydrogen;
R7' is hydrogen;
n is 2; and n' is 2.

56. A compound according to claim 55 that is 10-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,6,7,8,10-hexahydropyrido[4,3-b][1,6]naphthyridine-1,9(2H, 5H)-dione.

57. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is NR2;
A' is O; and n'is 2.

58. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is NR2;
A'is S;and n'is 2.

59. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is NR2;
A' is CR4R5; and n'is 2.

60. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is NR2;
A' is CR4R5;
R6' is hydrogen;
R7' is hydrogen;
n is 1; and n'is 2.

61. A compound according to claim 60 that is selected from the group consisting of 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione, 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-ethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione, 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione, 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-methoxyethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione, (9R)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione, (9R)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione, (9S)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione, (9S)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione, 9-(3-cyanophenyl)-2-methyl-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione, 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione, (9R)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione, (9S)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione, (9S)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2-cyclopropyl-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione, 2-(2-aminoethyl)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione, and (9S)-2-(2-aminoethyl)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(4H)-dione.

62. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is NR2;
A' is CR4,R5;
R6, is hydrogen;
R7 is hydrogen;
n is 2; and n' is 2.

63. A compound according to claim 62 that is 10-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,6,7,8,10-hexahydrobenzo[b][1,6]naphthyridine-1,9(2H,5H)-dione.

64. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is O;
A' is NR2'; and n' is 2.

65. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is O;
A' is O; and n'is 2.

66. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is O;
A'is O;
R6' is hydrogen;
R7' is hydrogen;
n' is 2; and n is 1;

67. A compound according to claim 66 that is 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-4,5,6,9-tetrahydro-1H-furo[3,4-b]pyrano[3,4-e]pyridine-1,8(3H)-dione.

68. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is O;
A'is O;
R6'is hydrogen;
R7' is hydrogen;
n' is 2; and n is 2;

69. A compound according to claim 68 that is 10-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,10-hexahydro-1H,9H-dipyrano[4,3-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,9-dione.

70. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is O;
A' is S; and n'is 2.

71. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is O;
A' is CR4'R5'; and n'is 2.

72. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is O;
A' is CR4'R5';
R6' is hydrogen;
R7' is hydrogen;
n is 1; and n'is 2.

73. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is O;
A' is CR4'R5';
R4' is hydrogen;
R5' is hydrogen;
R6' is hydrogen;
R7' is hydrogen;
n is 1; and n'is 2.

74. A compound according to claim 73 selected from the group consisting of 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, (9R)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, (9S)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, (9S)-9-(4-fluoro-3-iodophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, (9R)-9-(4-fluoro-3-iodophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, (9R)-9-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, 9-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline 1,8(3H,4H)-dione, 9-(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, (9S)-9-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, (9R)-9-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, (9S)-9-(3,4-dibromophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, (9R)-9-(3,4-dibromophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, (9S)-9-(4-methyl-3-nitrophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, (9R)-9-(4-methyl-3-nitrophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, (9S)-9-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, (9R)-9-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, (9S)-9-(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione;
(9R)-9-(4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, (9S)-9-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, (9R)-9-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, (9S)-9-(3-bromo-4-methylphenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, and (9R)-9-(3-bromo-4-methylphenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione.

75. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is O;
A' is CR4'R5;
R4' is methyl;
R5' is methyl;
R6' is hydrogen;
R7' is hydrogen;
n is 1; and n' is 2.

76. A compound according to claim 75 selected from the group consisting of (-)9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione; and (+) 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione.

77. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is O;
A' is CR4R5;
R6 is hydrogen;
R7 is hydrogen;
n is 2; and n' is 2.

78. A compound according to claim 77 selected from the group consisting of 10-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,6,7,8,10-hexahydro-1H-pyrano[4,3-b]quinoline-1,9(5H)-dione and 10-[4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3,4,6,7,8,10-hexahydro-1H-pyrano[4,3-b]quinoline-1,9(5H)-dione.

79. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is S;
A' is NR2; and n'is 2.

80. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is S;
A'is O; and n'is 2.

81. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is S;
A' is S; and n'is 2.

82. A compound according to claim 27 wherein, A is S;
A' is CR4'R5'; and n' is 2.

83. A compound according to claim 1 of formula IV
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein, n and n' are independently 1-3;
A is selected from the group consisting of O, -NR2, and S;
R1 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heterocycle;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocyclealkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, -NZ1Z2, and (NZ1Z2)alkyl wherein Z1 and Z2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, and formyl;
R4' and R5' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl; and R6' and R7' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl.

84. A compound according to claim 83 wherein, A is NR2; and n' is 1.

85. A compound according to claim 83 wherein, A is NR2;
R6' is hydrogen;
R7' is hydrogen;
n is 1; and n' is 1.

86. A compound according to claim 85 that is 8-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-6-methyl-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydro-7H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]thieno[2,3-e]pyridin-7-one 1,1-dioxide.

87. A compound according to claim 83 wherein, A is NR2;
R6' is hydrogen;
R7' is hydrogen;
n is 2; and n' is 1.

88. A compound according to claim 87 that is 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-2,3,5,6,7,9-hexahydrothieno[3,2-b][1,6]naphthyridin-8(4H)-one 1,1-dioxide.

89. A compound according to claim 83 wherein, A is O; and n' is 1.

90. A compound according to claim 83 wherein, A is S; and n' is 1.

91. A compound according to claim 83 wherein, A is NR2; and n' is 2.

92. A compound according to claim 83 wherein, A is NR2;
R6' is hydrogen;
R7' is hydrogen;
n is 1; and n' is 2.

93. A compound according to claim 92 that is 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-7-methyl-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-b]thiopyrano[2,3-e]pyridin-8(2H)-one 1,1 dioxide.

94. A compound according to claim 83 wherein, A is O; and n' is 2.

95. A compound according to claim 83 wherein, A is O;
R6' is hydrogen;
R7' is hydrogen;
n is 1; and n' is 2.

96. A compound according to claim 95 that is selected from the group consisting of 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,6,9-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,4-b]thiopyrano[2,3-e]pyridin-8(5H)-one 1,1-dioxide, (9S)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,6,9-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,4-b]thiopyrano[2,3-e]pyridin-8(5H)-one 1,1-dioxide; and (9R)-9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-3,4,6,9-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,4-b]thiopyrano [2,3-e]pyridin-8(5H)-one 1,1-dioxide.

97. A compound according to claim 83 wherein, A is S; and n' is 2.

98. A compound according to claim 1 of formula V

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein, n and n' are independently 1-3;
A is selected from the group consisting of O, -NR2, and S;
A' is selected from the group consisting of O, -NR2', S, and CR4'R5';
R1 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heterocycle;
R2 and R2' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocyclealkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, -NZ1Z2, and (NZ1Z2)alkyl wherein Z1 and Z2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, and formyl;
R4' and R5' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl; and R6' and R7' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl.

99. A compound according to claim 98 wherein, A is NR2;
A' is NR2'; and n' is 1.

100. A compound according to claim 98 wherein, A is NR2;
A' is O; and n' is 1.

101. A compound according to claim 98 wherein, A is NR2;
A' is S; and n' is 1.

102. A compound according to claim 98 wherein, A is NR2;
A' is CR4'R5'; and n' is 1.

103. A compound according to claim 98 wherein, A is O;
A' is NR2'; and n' is 1.

104. A compound according to claim 98 wherein, A is O;
A' is O; and n' is 1.

105. A compound according to claim 98 wherein, A is O;
A' is S; and n' is 1.

106. A compound according to claim 98 wherein, A is O;
A' is CR4'R5'; and n' is 1.

107. A compound according to claim 98 wherein, A is S;
A' is NR2'; and n' is 1.

108. A compound according to claim 98 wherein, A is S;
A' is O; and n' is 1.

109. A compound according to claim 98 wherein, A is S;
A' is S; and n' is 1.

110. A compound according to claim 98 wherein, A is S;

A' is CR4'R5'; and n' is 1.

111. A compound according to claim 98 wherein, A is NR2;
A' is NR2'; and n' is 2.

112. A compound according to claim 98 wherein, A is NR2;
A' is O; and n' is 2.

113. A compound according to claim 98 wherein, A is NR2;
A' is S; and n' is 2.

114. A compound according to claim 98 wherein, A is NR2;
A' is CR4'R5'; and n' is 2.

115. A compound according to claim 98 wherein, A is O;
A' is NR2'; and n' is 2.

116. A compound according to claim 98 wherein, A is O;
A' is O; and n' is 2.

117. A compound according to claim 98 wherein, A is O;
A' is S; and n' is 2.

118. A compound according to claim 98 wherein, A is O;
A' is CR4'R5'; and n' is 2.

119. A compound according to claim 98 wherein, A is S;
A' is NR2'; and n' is 2.

120. A compound according to claim 98 wherein, A is S;
A' is O; and n' is 2.

121. A compound according to claim 98 wherein, A is S;
A' is S;and n' is 2.

122. A compound according to claim 98 wherein, A is S;
A' is CR4'R5'; and n' is 2.

123. A compound according to claim 1 of formula VI
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein, n and n' are independently 1-3;
A is selected from the group consisting of O, -NR2, and S;
R1 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heterocycle;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heterocyclealkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, -NZ1Z2, and (NZ1Z2)alkyl wherein Z1 and Z2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkyl, and formyl;
R4' and R5' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl; and R6' and R7' are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl.

124. A compound according to claim 123 wherein, A is NR2; and n' is 1.

125. A compound according to claim 123 wherein, A is O; and n' is 1.

126. A compound according to claim 123 wherein, A is S; and n' is 1.

127. A compound according to claim 123 wherein, A is NR2; and n' is 2.

128. A compound according to claim 123 wherein, A is O; and n' is 2.

129. A compound according to claim 123 wherein, A is S; and n' is 2.

130. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1 in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

131. A method of treating asthma, epilepsy, Raynaud's syndrome, migraine, pain, eating disorders, functional bowel disorders, neurodegeneration and stroke by administering a compound of claim 1 including a compound selected from the group consisting of 8-[2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,7-dioxo-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrodipyrrolo[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-2,6-dipropanoic acid, (8-[2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,7-dioxo-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrodipyrrolo[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-2,6-ethyldipropanate, 8-[2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-6-methyl-4,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1H-furo[3,4-b]pyrrolo[3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(3H)-dione, 8-[2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2,6-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrodipyrrolo [3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7-dione, 2,6-dimethyl-8-phenyl-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydrodipyrrolo[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7-dione, 8-(3-nitrophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H) dione, 8-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(4-iodophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(4-bromophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(3-bromophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(2-fluorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-phenyl-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(2-aminophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-[2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(2-chlorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(2-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(4-nitrophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(3-chlorophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 8-(2-nitrophenyl)-5,8-dihydro-1H,3H-difuro[3,4-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,7(4H)-dione, 3,7-dimethyl-10-phenyl-3,4,5,6,7,10-hexahydro-1H,9H-dipyrano[4,3-b:3,4-e]pyridine-1,9-dione, 6,6-dimethyl-9-phenyl-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, 9-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, 9-(3-methoxyphenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione;
9-(2-methoxyphenyl)-6,6-dimethyl-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, 6,6-dimethyl-9-(2-nitrophenyl)-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione, 6,6-dimethyl-9-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione; and 9-[3-(benzyloxy)phenyl]-6,6-dimethyl-5,6,7,9-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]quinoline-1,8(3H,4H)-dione.

132. The method of claim 131 for treating urinary incontinence.

133. The method of claim 131 for treating male erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation.

134. The method of claim 131 for treating female anorgasmia, clitoral erectile insufficiency, vaginal engorgement, dyspareunia, and vaginismus.