CA2382093C - Use of polyoxypropylene/polyoxyethylene terpene compounds as degreasing agents for hard surfaces - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns the use in degreasing/cleansing applications of hard surfaces, such as metal surfaces, of at least a compound derived from a terpene and comprising a number of oxypropylene units ranging between 3 and 5, and a number of oxyethylene units ranging between 6 and 10, exclusively. The compound is provided with a concentration lower than 10 g/l, more particularly between 0.01 and 5 g/l, when used.

Description

USE OF TERPENIC COMPOUNDS
Polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene AS DEGREASING AGENTS FOR HARD SURFACES
The present invention relates to the use of terpene compounds comprising oxypropylene and oxyethylenated units, as agents of degreasing / cleaning of hard surfaces, especially surfaces metal.
The field of cleaning / degreasing of metal surfaces requires very high performance, particularly with regard to the degreaser the composition used, as well as its ability not to create foam.
note Moreover, these results are often required when the conditions for put in work are very difficult. So the spray methods are very favorable to the appearance of foam, because the treatment bath is applied under pressure.
The compounds currently used in this field are essentially ethoxylated alkylphenols. These compounds inherently properties degreasing very satisfactory. However, they present an important disadvantage, that of promoting the appearance of foam. This crippling phenomenon in this application, is decreased by the addition of a defoaming agent, for example of the alkoxylated linear alcohols. However, the presence of this type of compound decreases non-negligibly, and this definitively, the degreasing activity of ethoxylated alkylphenol. Indeed, it is not possible to compensate for the loss activity by a further addition of alkylphenol, so as to recover the level initial activity.
In patent WO 96/01245 are described alkoxylated terpene compounds presented as good degreasers that do not favor the appearance of foam.
The exemplified compounds are derived from terpene compounds of the nopol type or of arbanol, and comprise 0 to 2 oxypropylene units and 3.3 to 10.3 units oxyethylenated.
These compounds, the interest of which is not called into question here, no good results in the very particular application of the treatment of surfaces hard and especially metallic. Indeed, they do not respond simultaneously both criteria required in this area, that is a high degreasing activity and an unfavorable action to the appearance of foam. This has the consequence of rendering necessary to increase the content of the compound in the formulation and / or adding a defoaming agent, with the disadvantages that we know. It is furthermore specifies that despite the addition of significant amounts of these compounds, levels of dry cleaning affected are at most equivalent to those of ethoxylated alkylphenols.

2 As can be seen, it is necessary to have available compounds whose degreasing power is very high, and which is not at the origin of the apparition a high level of foam. The use of such compounds would have the double advantage of not making necessary the use of large quantities of this compound, nor the addition of additional compounds, such as defoaming agents.
The present invention aims to propose using a compound terpene particular, satisfying the two criteria mentioned previously, in the application of the cleaning / degreasing hard surfaces, especially metal surfaces, And this, at low concentrations.
Thus, the present invention relates to the use for cleaning dry cleaning of hard surfaces, of at least one compound, used with a concentration between 0.01 and 10 g / I, when using the latter, of formula next Z- X - [CH (R3) -CH (R4) -O] - [CH2CH2-O] p-R5 formula in which Z represents a bicyclo [a, b, c] heptenyl or bicyclo [a, b, c] heptyl radical, with a + b + c = 5 a = 2, 3 or 4, b = 2ou1 c = Oou1, said radical being optionally substituted by at least one alkyl radical of C1-Cg, and comprising a skeleton Z selected from those indicated below, or corresponding skeletons, without double bond a) b) c) 7 6 ~ 6 6 1 ~ 3 1 ~ 3 2 2 2 [2.2.1]
[3.2.0] [3.2.0]
d) e) f) 6 7 4 ~ 6 4 1 ~ 3 1 3 1 \ 3 2 [3.1.1] 2 [3.1.1] 2 [4.1.0]
9) s

3 [4.1.0]
X represents -CH2-C (R ~) (R2) -O- or -O-CH (R '-) -CH (R'2) -O- in which - R1, R2, R'1, and R'2, identical or different, represent hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical, saturated or non-saturated, linear, branched or cyclic, in C22, preferably C1-C8, with the proviso that one of the two radicals R'1 and R'2 is different from hydrogen, R3 and R4, which are identical or different, represent hydrogen or hydrocarbon radical, saturated or unsaturated, linear, branched or cyclic, in C1-C22, provided that at least one of R3 or R4 is different from hydrogen;
- R5 represents hydrogen, a hydrocarbon radical, saturated or not, linear, branched or cyclic, aromatic or not, C1-C22, optionally substituted by a halogen, or a chosen group among the following:

-OP03 (M) 2 - (CH ~ r- COOM
- (CH 2) z - 503M, formulas in which M represents (hydrogen, an alkali metal or an ammonium function N (R) 4+, in which R, identical or not, represent hydrogen or a radical hydrocarbon, saturated or unsaturated, linear, branched or cyclic, in C -Cs, optionally hydroxylated;
~ r is between 1 and 6;
z is from 1 to 6;
- n is a number enter or not, between 3 and 5 inclusive;
p is an integer or not between 6 and 10, the terminals being excluded.
But other features and advantages of the present invention appear more clearly to read the description and examples that will to follow.
The compounds used in the context of your present invention are all first to be described.
A first type of compounds is defined by the formula (I) in which X is equal at -CH2-C (R ~) (R2) -O-.
Thus, this compound, hereinafter compound (Ia), corresponds to the following formula Z-CH2-C (R ~) (RZ) -O- [CH (R3) -CH (R4) -O] n- [CH2CH2-O] pR ~
Formula wherein Z, R 2, R 2, R 3, R 4, R 5, n and p have the meaning indicated before.

3a According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the radical Z is chosen among the radicals of formulas c) to g).
1! It should be noted that the radical Z is more particularly attached to the rest of the chain via any of carbons 1 to 6; the carbon carbon numbers 1, 5 and 6 being preferred.

4 Moreover, the radical Z can be substituted on at least one of its atoms of carbon, by two alkyl radicals C ~ -Cg, preferably two radicals methyl.
More particularly, carbon 7 is substituted by these two radicals alkyl, more precisely two methyls.
One of the preferred compounds of the invention therefore consists of a compound whose radical Z corresponds to one of those appearing in figure c) to g), and more preferably, the radicals d) and e); the radical Z being substituted by two methyl radicals, localized on carbon 7 According to an even more advantageous embodiment of the invention, the radical Z corresponds to to the formulas d) or e), attached to the rest of the chain by carbon 5 or 1, and wearing two methyl substituents on carbon 7.
Preferably, R ~, R2, identical or not, represent a hydrogen, or a methyl radical. Preferably, R ~, R2, represent a hydrogen atom.
As has been indicated previously, the radicals R3 and R4, which are identical or different, represent hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical, saturated or non-linear, branched or cyclic, in C ~ -C22, provided that at least one of the radicals R3 or R4 different from hydrogen.
More particularly, said radicals represent hydrogen or a radical C 1 -C 6 alkyl, preferably the methyl radical or the ethyl radical, at condition that at least one of these two radicals is different from hydrogen. Of preferably, one radicals represent hydrogen, the other a methyl radical.
R5 represents hydrogen, a hydrocarbon radical, saturated or non-saturated, linear, branched or cyclic, aromatic or non-aromatic, optionally substituted, C 1 -C 22, or one group selected from -SO3M, -OPO3 (M) 2, - (CH2) rCOOM, - (CH2) Z-SO3M; formulas in which M represents hydrogen, an alkali metal or an ammonium function N (R) 4+, in which R, identical or not, represent hydrogen or a radical hydrocarbon, saturated or non-saturated, linear, branched or cyclic C -C 22, preferably C ~ _Cg_ optionally hydroxylated;
r is between 1 and 6;
* z is between 1 and 6.
In the case where R5 is a hydrocarbon radical, the latter is more especially a C 1 -C 6 alkyl radical, or an alkylphenyl radical, eventually substituted by a halogen (such as chlorine for example).
Preferably, R5 is a hydrogen atom.
Finally, n is an integer or not, between 3 and 5 inclusive and p is a integer or not, between 6 and 10, the terminals being excluded.

WO 01/1276

5 PCT / FR00 / 02325 According to a first particular embodiment of the present invention, the value of n is 3.
In addition, the value of p is more particularly between 6.2 and 7, bounds included. Preferably, p is between 6.3 and 7, inclusive.
According to a second particular embodiment of the invention, n is between 4 and 5, terminals included.
Moreover, the value of p is preferably comprised of 7 inclusive and 10 excluded, of preferably between 8 inclusive and 10 excluded.
A second type of compound is defined by the formula (I) in which X
represents -O-CH (R '-) - CH (R' 2) -O-.
Thus, this compound, hereinafter compound (Ib), corresponds to the following formula ZOC H (R '-) -C (R'2) -O- (CH (R3) -CH (R4) -O] - [CH2CH2-O] p-R5 Formula in which Z, R '~, R'2, R3, R4, R5, n and p have the meaning General previously indicated.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the radical Z corresponds to at radical c), the bicyclic compound having no double bond.
Again, it should be noted that the radical Z is more particularly attached the remainder of the chain through any of the carbon 1 to 6.
atoms of carbon 1, 3, 4 or 6 are more particularly retained.
Moreover, the radical Z may be substituted on at least one of its atoms of carbon, by two alkyl radicals C ~ -Cg, preferably two radicals methyl.
More particularly, carbon 7 is substituted by these two radicals alkyl, more precisely two methyls.
In addition, the radical Z relates to one of the carbon atoms 2 or 5, a substituent C 1 -C 6 alkyl, preferably a methyl radical.
More particularly, and as mentioned before, the radicals R '~ and R'2, identical or different, represent hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical, saturated or no, linear, branched or cyclic, in C ~ -C22, provided that one of the two be different from hydrogen.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, said radicals represent hydrogen or a C 1 -C 6 alkyl radical, preferably radical methyl.
What has been said about the radicals R3, R4 and R5, as well as of n and p and preferred variants related to these values, remains valid and will not be picked up again.
A particularly advantageous embodiment of the present invention is constituted by the use of the compound of type (la) previously described.
The compounds according to the invention can be prepared by reacting

6 for obtaining compounds (la), a reagent of formula (IIa) R ~

\

or to obtain compound (Ib), a reagent of formula (IIb) R '~ R'2 \ /
ZOC HC HO H
with, at first, a reagent of formula (I Ilop) V
O
then, in a second step, with a reagent of formula (Illoe) V
O
The radicals Z, R ~, R2, R3 and R4 have been defined previously.
The reaction may further be carried out in the presence of a catalyst.
Suitable catalysts include strong bases such as hydroxides of alkaline, alkaline earth or quaternary ammonium type N (R) 4+, in which R, which may be identical or different, represent hydrogen or radical C 1 -C 6 alkyl, preferably methyl, ethyl. Sodium hydroxides, potassium, tetramethylammonium are suitable for carrying out this reaction.
It is likewise possible to use catalysts chosen from metal alkoxides alkaline or alkaline-earth metals, such as methylate, ethylate, butoxide sodium or potassium. It should be noted that one can also put in new, as catalysts, primary, secondary or tertiary amines, preferably those amines aliphatic, these amines may include other functions such as of the ether functions. By way of example of a catalyst of this type, mention may be made of N, N-dimethyllaurylamine.
In the case of a basic catalyst, the quantity is more particularly range between 0.5 and 40 mg based on the weight of the final product.
it is conceivable to carry out this reaction in the presence of an acid of Lewis, such as BF3 (gaseous or in solution in an ether), SnCl4, SbClS.
The amount of acid catalyst varies more particularly between 0.1 and 10 mmol per mole of reagent (Ila) or (Ilb).
The contacting is carried out at a temperature sufficient to allow the completion of the reaction. As an indication, the temperature is greater than 100 ° C, more particularly between 120 and 250 ° C, and preferably between 150 and 200 ° C.

7 Advantageously, the reaction is carried out under an inert atmosphere in the reaction conditions, such as nitrogen, or a rare gas such as argon or still the carbon monoxide. Nitrogen is preferred.
The reaction can take place under atmospheric pressure, under pressure scaled down or in slight deletion. Usually, we prefer to work under a pressure between 1 and 4 bar.
The preparation of the reagents (Ila) and (Ilb) has been described in the application WO 96/01245, to which reference may be made.
The quantities of the compounds (Illop) and (Illoe) are calculated according to the characteristics of formula (I), more particularly values desired from n and p.
These two compounds are introduced successively, so as to obtain a compound of formula (I) sequenced.
At the end of the reaction, the reaction mixture is preferably neutralized, to to obtain a pH of between 5 and 8, preferably 6 and 7.
The neutralization is made with acetic acid, or with hydroxide, with carbonate or sodium bicarbonate, depending on the nature of the catalyst game in the reaction.
At the end of this reaction, the compound (I) is such that the RS radical is hydrogen.
It is quite possible to implement a step of functionalization of said radical, that is to say a step aimed at transforming terminal hydrogen into one of the other radicals R5, as previously defined. So, we can put in work a operation of etherification or esterification of the terminal hydrogen atom ; this stage is well known in itself; it is preferably performed after the neutralization.
Thus, can be carried out the preparation ethersulfates (R5 = -SO3M), according to the procedure described in GB 1111 208 or US 3,392,185 - ether phosphates (R5 - -OPO3 (M) 2), according to the procedure described in US 3,331,896 ethercarboxylates (R5 = - (CH2), - COOM), according to the procedure described in US 2,623,900 or US 2,983,738 of ethersulfonates (R5 = - (CH2) Z-SO3M), according to the procedure described in US 2,115,192, US 4,978,780 or K. SUGA, Austr. J. Chem., 21, 2333 (1968) of alkyl ethers (R5 = hydrocarbon radical), according to the procedure described in US 2,913,416.
Further details concerning these modes of functionalization are described in WO 96/01245.

8 The compounds according to the invention are therefore used as an agent of dry cleaning hard surfaces and more particularly metal surfaces.
Thus the compounds according to the invention can be used in the metal processing, but also in any application in which one puts in degreasing such surfaces as degreasing wells or flat forms of oil exploitation.
As has been indicated previously, the compound used according to the invention is with a quantity of between 0.01 and 10 g / l, at the moment of use.
In the case of the degreasing of metal plates or sheets, the concentration in compound is more particularly between 0.01 and 5 g / l when use.
In the field of oil exploitation, and more particularly platform degreasing, the concentration of compounds is between 0.01 and 10 g / I at the time of use, in compounds used according to the invention.
As regards more particularly the cleaning of the well, the compound according to the invention is implemented with a concentration of preferably between 0.01 and 5 g / I.
Aqueous degreasing or detergent media containing the compounds according to the invention are preferably used at a temperature of at least about of their cloud temperature.
Degreasing formulations of metal sheets or plates in medium alkali, comprise, in addition to the compound used according to the invention, a Laundry alkaline compound comprising at least one of the following compounds at least one agent controlling the pH, such as hydroxides, carbonates, the sesquicarbonates, bicarbonate of alkali or alkaline earth metals, at least one polyphosphate, such as tripolyphosphate, pyrophosphate, orthophosphate, alkaline metal hexametaphosphate, alkaline-earth metal, ammonium of the N (R 4) + type with R representing hydrogen, a C 1 -C 4 alkyl radical comprising optionally an oxygen atom, at least one alkali metal silicate, such as, for example, metasilicates of metal alkaline, anhydrous or not, or mixtures thereof.
The concentration of alkaline lye in use is between 1 and 100 g / I, more particularly between 5 and 20 g / I.
The formulations may further include at least one hydrotrope electrolyte such as benzenesulphonates, mono-or di-alkyl (C 1 -C 4) benzenesulfonates, toluene-, xylene- or cumene-sulfonates, the alcohols and glycols,

9 at least one sequestering agent such as nitriloacetic acid, the acid ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, ethylenediamine tetramethylphosphonic acid, acid nitrilo trimethylene phosphonic acid or their salts, buffering agents such as alkanolamines, ethylenediamine, agents that inhibit the corrosion of metals.
The concentrations of these compounds vary in the usual ranges of field. However, by way of illustration, the content of each of the compounds varies from 0 at 1.5 g / I at the time of use.
The aqueous compositions used for the degreasing of petroleum forms may comprise, in addition to the compound according to the invention at least one hydrotrope electrolyte such as benzenesulphonates, mono-or di-alkyl (C 1 -C 4) benzenesulfonates, toluene-, xylene- or cumene-sulfonates, the alccols and glycols, at least one agent controlling the pH, such as, for example, carbonates, the sesquicarbonates, alkali metal bicarbonates, - additives such as enzymes, corrosion inhibitors metals.
Again, the concentrations of these compounds vary in the ranges usual domain. By way of example, the content of each of the compounds varies from 0 at 1.5 g / I at the time of use.
Aqueous media used for the cleaning of oil wells can to understand, besides the compound according to the invention at least one agent for adjusting the pH, such as, for example, carbonates, sesquicarbonates, alkali metal bicarbonates, hydroxides of metals alkaline or alkaline earth, additives such as enzymes in an amount of up to 5% of the total weight of the aqueous composition, agents that inhibit the corrosion of metals, - if necessary, weighting agents in order to maintain pressure satisfactory hydrostatic flow in the well.
By way of example of such compounds, mention may be made of soluble or less partially soluble metals such as alkali metal or alkali metal halides.
earth. We can also use sulphates, carbonates, bicarbonates, silicates, phosphates of alkali or alkaline earth metals, alone or in admixture. We can d even use salts of organic acids, such as formates, acetates of alkali or alkaline earth metals.
It is possible to use, although not preferred, salts insoluble such as sulphates, silicates or carbonates of alkaline earth metals; the bromides of alkaline earth metals or zinc.

hydrocolloids such as polysaccharides of vegetable origin, such as the polygalactomannans, cellulose, starches and their derivatives; the polysaccharides of bacterial origin such as xanthan gum or deacetylated derivatives.
It would not be outside the scope of the present invention, although not preferred, in Adding to the previously described formulations, surfactants (Anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, amphoteric), preferably low foaming, as well as than other additives.

Concrete but non-limiting examples of the invention now to be presented.

This exemption concerns the synthesis of 6,6-dimethylbicyclo [3.1.1] hept-2-ene-2 ethanol comprising oxypropylene units (OP) and oxyethylenated units (EO) variables.
Synthesis of 6,6-dimethylbicyclo [3.1.1] hept-2-ene-2 ethanol including x oxypropylene (OP) units and oxyethylenated (EO) units is carried out as follows The 6,6-dimethylbicyclo [3.1.1] hept-2-ene-2 ethanol (nopol) * used is marketed by the company Fluka.
In a 5-liter ethoxylation reactor, nopol (6 moles) is introduced.
and an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide (50%, 3.1 g).
The reaction medium is dehydrated at 120 ° C. under a stream of nitrogen.
Then heated to 170 ° C and introduced propylene oxide (x equivalent molar). Once (propylene oxide is introduced, the oxide is added ethylene (y molar equivalents).
The reaction medium is then cooled, neutralized by addition of acid acetic until a pH of 7. The resulting liquid is filtered through a soil absorbent (Clarcel DIC) *
* (trademarks)

11 Table of compounds synthesized according to the method indicated above Compositions Number of OPs Number of OEs x According to Pinventian Com aratives This example aims to compare the degreasing properties of compounds according to (invention 1 and 3, comparative compounds 10, 11 and 12, than those obtained with flgepal NPIt ~ 'defoamed.
- Grains "Q-Panel" pre-degreased steel plates Stock No. R-36 type "DuI1 malt finish" of D, B x 76 x 152 mm are immersed for 2 minutes in a lubricating complete oil formulated for rolling steel sheets for automobiles, brand QUAKER 6130 N * from 4uaker Chemicals, then suspended for draining for 24 hours.
- Cleaning and rinsing The greased plates are introduced into a degreasing machine by CIEMME LARD 350 is sprayed. The degreasing temperature is X45 ° C
and the pressure of 2 bar.
Before reading the quality of degreasing, the plates are rinsed under net running water 2 mlmin for 5 seconds on each side.
* (trademarks)

12 - Degreasing medium ~ e.
A basic degreasing medium (pH 12-13) is prepared by dilution in water 20 g / l of an aqueous solution containing 45% by weight of active ingredient incorporated equal amounts by weight of potash, sodium metasilicate (SIMET GA5 *
granules of anhydrous metasiltcate and metasilicate pentahydrate, marketed by Rhodia Chimie) and tetrapotassic pyrophosphate, and addition of 1 gll of composed to test.
The results are summarized in the table below Com os Tem s de d raissa e "

1 30 seconds 3 30 seconds 8 com aratif 45 seconds 9 com aratif 55 seconds com araf> 2 minutes I am al dmouss ** 45 seconds 10 (*) The time of degreasing is the time necessary to reach a recovery complete both sides with a continuous film of water.
(**) The bleached lgepal * is a mixture of Igepal CO-660 * (nonyphenol 10 EO) and Miravon B12DF (50/50) It is clear that the product according to (invention is always more active than the agents used for comparison.

This example aims to compare the degreasing properties of compounds according to (invention 4 to 7, as well as those obtained with Igepal NP9 no defoamed.
- Lubrication Apply by brush on 0.8 x 24 x pre-greased steel plates 101 mm, a brand Pennzoil 80W 90 oil marketed by Pennzoil Products Company (Houston, Texas), in order to obtain an oil deposit of approximately g / cm2. They are then stored in the air for 24 hours.
The amount of oil is measured by weighing the plate before and after application oil.
* (trademarks)

13 - Cleaning and rinsing The plate is immersed in one liter of degreasing medium, with stirring magnetic (100 rpm), at 50 ° C for 10 minutes.
Before reading the quality of degreasing, the plates are rinsed under net running water 2 ml / min for 5 seconds on each side and then dried 80 ° C.
The measure of the efficiency of the operation is calculated by weighing the plate before and after treatment with the degreasing medium.
- Middle of disappointment A basic degreasing medium (pH 12-13) is prepared by dilution in water 20 g / I of an aqueous solution containing 1.5 g / I of pyrophosphate Tetrapotassium, and addition of 1 g / I of the test compound.
The results are summarized in the table below % Composition of oil removed Igepal (*) 51 (*) Igepal is an Igepal CO-630 which is a nonylphenol 9 EO.
It is found that the products according to the invention are always more effective that the Igepal reference product.

This example aims to compare the foaming properties of compounds obtained in Examples 1 to 9, as well as those obtained with compounds comparative Igepal blunted, Igepal alone.
Foam test A basic degreasing medium (pH 12-13) is prepared by dilution in water 20 g / l of an aqueous solution containing 45% by weight of active ingredient incorporated equal amounts of potassium hydroxide, sodium metasilicate (SIMET GAS, granules of anhydrous metasilicate and metasilicate pentahydrate, marketed by

14 Rhodia Chimie) and tetrapotassic pyrophosphate and addition of 1 g / I of composed to test.
The test is carried out at 50 ° C.
The foam is obtained by stirring 900 g of solution with the aid of a agitator to turbine (40mm turbine, 2000rpm speed) for 5 minutes.
The level of foam is read in a test tube after 5 minutes of rest.
The results are summarized in the table below Combo Foam Level 1 20 ml 3 70 ml 4 20 ml 5 50 ml 6 20 ml 7 30 ml I am al dmouss * 70 ml Igepal alone (**) 950 ml - ~

(*) Igepal is a blend of Igepal CO-660 (nonyphenol 10 EO) and Miravon B12DF (50/50).
(**) Igepal: Igepal CO-660 (nonyphenol 10 EO).
The table above, in combination with the degreasing results of the examples, shows that only the compounds according to the invention satisfy at double criterion high degreasing power and level of foam compatible with a use for the degreasing of metal plates.

Claims (18)

15 1. Use in surface degreasing/cleaning applications hard, of at least one compound, implemented with a concentration between 0.01 and 10 g/l, when using the latter, of formula (I) next:
Z-X-[CH(R3)-CH(R4)-O]n-[CH2CH2-O]p-R5 formula in which Z represents a bicyclo[a,b,c,Jheptenyl or bicyclo[a,b,c,]heptyl radical, with a+b+c = 5 a=2,3or4, b=2or1 c=Owl, said radical being optionally substituted by at least one alkyl radical of C1-Cg, and comprising a skeleton Z chosen from those indicated below, or to the corresponding skeletons, devoid of a double bond X represents -CH2-C(R1)(R2)-O- or -O-CH((R'1)-CH(R'2)-O- in which:
R1, R2, R'1, R'2, identical or different, represent hydrogen or a radical hydrocarbon, saturated or not, linear, branched or cyclic, C1-C22, provided that one of the two radicals R'1 and R'2 is different from hydrogen, and R4, identical or different, represent hydrogen or a radical hydrocarbon, saturated or not, linear, branched or cyclic, C1-C22, provided that at least one of the radicals R3 or R4 is different from hydrogen;
R5 represents hydrogen, a hydrocarbon radical, saturated or not, linear, branched or cyclic, aromatic or not, C1-C22, optionally substituted by a halogen, or a group chosen from the following:

-OPO3(M)2 -(CH2)z-COOM
-(CH2)z-SO3M, formulas in which * M represents hydrogen, an alkali metal or an ammonium function N(R)4+, in which R, identical or one, represent hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical, saturated or not, linear, branched or cyclic, in C1-C22, optionally hydroxylated;
* r is between 1 and 6;
* z is between 1 and 6;
n is an integer or not, between 3 and 5 inclusive;
p is an integer or not between 6 and 10, the bounds being excluded. 2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the compound is such that in formula (I), n is equal to 3. 3. Use according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the compound is such that in formula (1), p is between 6.2 and 7, terminals included. 4. Use according to claim 3, characterized in that the compound is such that in formula (I), p is between 6.3 and 7, bounds included. 5. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the compound is such that in formula (I), n is between 4 and 5. 6. Use according to claim 5, characterized in that the compound is such that in formula (I), p is between 7 inclusive and 10 exclusive. 7. Use according to claim 6, characterized in that the compound is such that in formula (I), p is between 8 inclusive and 10 exclusive. 8. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the compound is such that in formula (I), the radical Z is substituted on at least one of its carbon by two groups C1-C6 alkyls. 9. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the compound is such that in formula (I), X represents -CH2-C(R1)(R2)-O- and in that the skeleton Z is selected from among the formulas c) to g). 10. Use according to claim 9, characterized in that the compound is such that in formula (I), the skeleton Z is chosen from formulas d) and e). 11. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the compound is such that in formula (I), X represents -O-CH((R'1)-CH(R'2)-O- and in that the radical Z corresponds to the skeleton c), the bicyclic skeleton being free of double bonds. 12. Use according to claim 11, characterized in that the compound is such that in formula (I), the radical Z is substituted by a radical C1-C6 alkyl. 13. Use according to claim 11, characterized in that the compound is such that in formula (I), the radical Z is substituted by a radical methyl on carbon 2 or 5 of the bicycle. 14. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and 11 to 13, characterized in that when R1, R2, R'1, and R'2 represent a hydrocarbon radical, if it is a C1-C6 radical. 15. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the compound is used for the degreasing/cleaning of metal surfaces. 16. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the compound is used for the degreasing/cleaning of metal plates; the concentration in compound being between 0.01 and 5 g/l during use. 17. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the compound is used for the degreasing/cleaning of platforms; compound concentration being between 0.01 and 10 g/l during use. 18. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the compound is used for the degreasing/cleaning of oil wells, concentration of compound according to the invention is between 0.01 and 5 g/I.