CA2373784A1 - A method for a rotating electric machine and a machine for carrying out the method - Google Patents
A method for a rotating electric machine and a machine for carrying out the method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2373784A1 CA2373784A1 CA002373784A CA2373784A CA2373784A1 CA 2373784 A1 CA2373784 A1 CA 2373784A1 CA 002373784 A CA002373784 A CA 002373784A CA 2373784 A CA2373784 A CA 2373784A CA 2373784 A1 CA2373784 A1 CA 2373784A1
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- Prior art keywords
- stator
- temperature
- conducting means
- winding
- slots
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/32—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
- H02K3/40—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation for high voltage, e.g. affording protection against corona discharges
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
- H02K9/197—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil in which the rotor or stator space is fluid-tight, e.g. to provide for different cooling media for rotor and stator
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
- H02K15/12—Impregnating, heating or drying of windings, stators, rotors or machines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2203/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the windings
- H02K2203/15—Machines characterised by cable windings, e.g. high-voltage cables, ribbon cables
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)
- Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
- Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for a rotating electric machine fo r high voltage, comprising a rotor and a stator having a core and a winding arranged in slots in the stator core, which winding contains the electric field and is designed with an insulated electric conductor (30) comprising a t least one current carrying conductor (31) in addition to comprising a first layer (32) surrounding the current carrying conductor, a solid insulation layer (33) surrounding said first layer, and a second layer (34) surrounding the insulation layer. The method is characterized by the stator being cooled , during operation, to a temperature T1, and the stator being heated, when it is out of operation, to a temperature T2. The invention relates also to a corresponding rotating electric machine for performing the method.
Description
A METHOD FOR A ROTATING ELECTRIC MACHINE AND A MACHINE FOR
CARRYING OUT THE METHOD
The present invention relates to a method for a rotating electric machine ~ for high voltage and such a rotating electric machine.
The present invention relates especially to a rotating electric machine having the type of winding as defined in the preamble of claims 1 and 26 respec-tively.
In this connection, rotating electric machines comprise synchronous ma-chines, which are mainly used as generators for connection to distribution and transmission networks, referred to as power networks. Synchronous machines are also used as motors, in addition to phase compensation and voltage regulation and then as mechanically idling machines. This technical field also comprises nor-mal asynchronous machines, dual-feed machines, alternating current machines, asynchronous converter cascades, outer pole machines and synchronous flux machines. These machines are intended for use at high voltages, i. e. voltages that mainly exceed 10 kV. A typical operating range for such a rotating machine may be 36 - 800 kV, and preferably 72,5 - 800 kV.
In conventional types of electric rotating machines the stator body is often designed in the form of a welded steel sheet construction. The stator core, also re-ferred to as a steel core, is normally in larger machines formed of so-called electric sheet which is preferably 0,35-0,50 mm thick and divided into stacks. The stator core is provided with radial slots for the winding so as to form radial layers at dif ferent radial distances from the air gaps between the stator and the rotor.
The term layer refers to layers of winding at different radial distances from the central axis of the stator. A winding turn is formed by that part of the winding, which extends once back and forth through the stator between different layers.
Rotating electric machines have conventionally been designed for voltages in the range of 6 - 30 kV, and 30 kV has normally been considered to be an upper limit. This generally means that a generator must be connected to the power net-work via a transformer, which steps up the voltage to the level of the power net-work, i.e. in the range of approximately 130 - 400 kV.
Different attempts have been made during the course of the years to de-velop especially synchronous machines, and more especially generators, for high voltages. Such examples may be found among others in; "Electrical World", Octo-ber 15, 1932, pages 524 - 525, the article; "Water-and-oil-cooled Turbo-generator TVM-300", in J. Elektrotechnika, No.1, 1970, pages 6 - 8, and in the patent publi-cations US 4,429,244 and SU 955 369. However, none of these attempts have been successful or led to any commercially available product.
It has however been shown feasible to use high voltage insulated conduc-tots as stator winding in a rotating electric machine, which have solid insulation and are of a design similar to cables used for transmission of electric power (e. g.
so-called XLPE-cables). The voltage of the machine can be increased hereby to such levels that it can be connected directly to the power network without an in-termediate transformer. Thus, among other things, the very important advantage of eliminating the conventional transformer is hereby achieved. A rotating electric machine with such a winding is described for instance in the PCT application WO
97/45919. Additional descriptions of the insulated conductor or cable can be found in the PCT applications WO 97/45918, WO 97/45930 and WO 97/45931.
The above-mentioned type of winding, principally corresponding to cables having solid, extruded insulation of a type presently used for power distribution, such as said XLPE-cables or cables having EPR-insulation, comprises an inner conductor composed of one or more strands, an inner semiconductive layer sur-?0 rounding the conductor, a solid insulation layer surrounding the inner semiconduc-tive layer and an outer semiconductive layer surrounding the insulation layer.
Such cables are flexible, which is an essential property in this context since the technol-ogy for the device, according to the invention, is based primarily on a winding sys-tem in which the winding is formed from conductors, which are bent during as-sembly. The flexibility of an XLPE-cable normally corresponds to a radius of cur-vature of approximately 20 cm for a cable 30 mm in diameter, and a radius of cur-vature of approximately 65 cm for a cable 80 mm in diameter. In the present appli-cation the term flexible is used to indicate that the winding is flexible down to a ra-dius of curvature in the order of 4 times the cable diameter, preferably 8 to times the cable diameter.
The winding should be designed so as to retain its properties even when it is bent and subjected to thermal stress during service. In this connection, it is vital that the layers retain their adhesion to each other. The material properties of the layers are decisive here, particularly their resiliency and relative coefficients of thermal expansion. In an XLPE-cable, for example, the insulation layer consists of cross- linked, low-density polyethylene and the semiconductive layers consist of polyethylene compounded with soot and metal particles. Changes in volume, as a result of temperature fluctuations, are fully accommodated in the form of changes in the radius of the cable and thanks to the comparatively slight difference be-tween the coefficients of thermal expansion of the layers in relation to the resilien-cy of these materials the radial expansion of the cable can take place without ad-hesive failures between the layers.
The material combinations stated above are considered by way of exam-ple only. Other combinations fulfilling the above-mentioned conditions and the condition of being semiconductive, i. e. having a volume resistivity within the range of 10-' - 10 6 ohm-cm, such as 1 - 500 ohm-cm, or 10 - 200 ohm-cm for example, naturally fall within the scope of the invention.
The insulating layer can consist, for example, of a solid thermoplastic ma-terial such as low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), polybutylene (PB), polymethyl pentene (PMP), cross-linked materials such as cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), or rubber such as ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) or silicone rubber.
The inner and outer semiconductive layers may be made of the same ba-sic material but compounded with particles of conducting material such as soot or metal powder.
Ethylene-vinyl-acetate copolymers/nitrile rubber, butyl graft polyethylene, ethylene-butyl-acrylate-copolymers and ethylene-ethyl-acrylate copolymers may also constitute suitable polymers for the semiconductive layers.
Even when different types of material are used as a base in the respective layers, it is desirable that their coefficients of thermal expansion are of the same magnitude. This is the case in the above listed combination of materials.
The materials listed above have a relatively good resiliency, with an E-modulus of E < 500 MPa, preferably < 200 MPa. The resiliency is sufficient for any possible minor differences between the coefficients of thermal expansion of the materials in the layers to be accommodated in the radial direction so that no cracks or other damage appear and so that the layers do not loose adhesion to each other. The materials in the layers are elastic, and the adhesion between the layers is at least of the same magnitude as the weakest of the materials.
CARRYING OUT THE METHOD
The present invention relates to a method for a rotating electric machine ~ for high voltage and such a rotating electric machine.
The present invention relates especially to a rotating electric machine having the type of winding as defined in the preamble of claims 1 and 26 respec-tively.
In this connection, rotating electric machines comprise synchronous ma-chines, which are mainly used as generators for connection to distribution and transmission networks, referred to as power networks. Synchronous machines are also used as motors, in addition to phase compensation and voltage regulation and then as mechanically idling machines. This technical field also comprises nor-mal asynchronous machines, dual-feed machines, alternating current machines, asynchronous converter cascades, outer pole machines and synchronous flux machines. These machines are intended for use at high voltages, i. e. voltages that mainly exceed 10 kV. A typical operating range for such a rotating machine may be 36 - 800 kV, and preferably 72,5 - 800 kV.
In conventional types of electric rotating machines the stator body is often designed in the form of a welded steel sheet construction. The stator core, also re-ferred to as a steel core, is normally in larger machines formed of so-called electric sheet which is preferably 0,35-0,50 mm thick and divided into stacks. The stator core is provided with radial slots for the winding so as to form radial layers at dif ferent radial distances from the air gaps between the stator and the rotor.
The term layer refers to layers of winding at different radial distances from the central axis of the stator. A winding turn is formed by that part of the winding, which extends once back and forth through the stator between different layers.
Rotating electric machines have conventionally been designed for voltages in the range of 6 - 30 kV, and 30 kV has normally been considered to be an upper limit. This generally means that a generator must be connected to the power net-work via a transformer, which steps up the voltage to the level of the power net-work, i.e. in the range of approximately 130 - 400 kV.
Different attempts have been made during the course of the years to de-velop especially synchronous machines, and more especially generators, for high voltages. Such examples may be found among others in; "Electrical World", Octo-ber 15, 1932, pages 524 - 525, the article; "Water-and-oil-cooled Turbo-generator TVM-300", in J. Elektrotechnika, No.1, 1970, pages 6 - 8, and in the patent publi-cations US 4,429,244 and SU 955 369. However, none of these attempts have been successful or led to any commercially available product.
It has however been shown feasible to use high voltage insulated conduc-tots as stator winding in a rotating electric machine, which have solid insulation and are of a design similar to cables used for transmission of electric power (e. g.
so-called XLPE-cables). The voltage of the machine can be increased hereby to such levels that it can be connected directly to the power network without an in-termediate transformer. Thus, among other things, the very important advantage of eliminating the conventional transformer is hereby achieved. A rotating electric machine with such a winding is described for instance in the PCT application WO
97/45919. Additional descriptions of the insulated conductor or cable can be found in the PCT applications WO 97/45918, WO 97/45930 and WO 97/45931.
The above-mentioned type of winding, principally corresponding to cables having solid, extruded insulation of a type presently used for power distribution, such as said XLPE-cables or cables having EPR-insulation, comprises an inner conductor composed of one or more strands, an inner semiconductive layer sur-?0 rounding the conductor, a solid insulation layer surrounding the inner semiconduc-tive layer and an outer semiconductive layer surrounding the insulation layer.
Such cables are flexible, which is an essential property in this context since the technol-ogy for the device, according to the invention, is based primarily on a winding sys-tem in which the winding is formed from conductors, which are bent during as-sembly. The flexibility of an XLPE-cable normally corresponds to a radius of cur-vature of approximately 20 cm for a cable 30 mm in diameter, and a radius of cur-vature of approximately 65 cm for a cable 80 mm in diameter. In the present appli-cation the term flexible is used to indicate that the winding is flexible down to a ra-dius of curvature in the order of 4 times the cable diameter, preferably 8 to times the cable diameter.
The winding should be designed so as to retain its properties even when it is bent and subjected to thermal stress during service. In this connection, it is vital that the layers retain their adhesion to each other. The material properties of the layers are decisive here, particularly their resiliency and relative coefficients of thermal expansion. In an XLPE-cable, for example, the insulation layer consists of cross- linked, low-density polyethylene and the semiconductive layers consist of polyethylene compounded with soot and metal particles. Changes in volume, as a result of temperature fluctuations, are fully accommodated in the form of changes in the radius of the cable and thanks to the comparatively slight difference be-tween the coefficients of thermal expansion of the layers in relation to the resilien-cy of these materials the radial expansion of the cable can take place without ad-hesive failures between the layers.
The material combinations stated above are considered by way of exam-ple only. Other combinations fulfilling the above-mentioned conditions and the condition of being semiconductive, i. e. having a volume resistivity within the range of 10-' - 10 6 ohm-cm, such as 1 - 500 ohm-cm, or 10 - 200 ohm-cm for example, naturally fall within the scope of the invention.
The insulating layer can consist, for example, of a solid thermoplastic ma-terial such as low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), polybutylene (PB), polymethyl pentene (PMP), cross-linked materials such as cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), or rubber such as ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) or silicone rubber.
The inner and outer semiconductive layers may be made of the same ba-sic material but compounded with particles of conducting material such as soot or metal powder.
Ethylene-vinyl-acetate copolymers/nitrile rubber, butyl graft polyethylene, ethylene-butyl-acrylate-copolymers and ethylene-ethyl-acrylate copolymers may also constitute suitable polymers for the semiconductive layers.
Even when different types of material are used as a base in the respective layers, it is desirable that their coefficients of thermal expansion are of the same magnitude. This is the case in the above listed combination of materials.
The materials listed above have a relatively good resiliency, with an E-modulus of E < 500 MPa, preferably < 200 MPa. The resiliency is sufficient for any possible minor differences between the coefficients of thermal expansion of the materials in the layers to be accommodated in the radial direction so that no cracks or other damage appear and so that the layers do not loose adhesion to each other. The materials in the layers are elastic, and the adhesion between the layers is at least of the same magnitude as the weakest of the materials.
The conductivity of the two semiconductive layers is sufficient to substan-tially equalise the potential along each respective layer. The conductivity of the outer semiconductive layer is sufficiently high to enclose the electrical field within the cable, but sufficiently small so as to not give rise to significant losses due to currents induced in the longitudinal direction of the layer.
Thus, each of the two semiconductive layers essentially constitutes one equipotential surface, and the winding constituting these layers substantially con-fines the electrical field within itself.
However, nothing prevents one or more additional semiconductive layers from being arranged in the insulating layer.
One problem arising with the use of an XLPE-insulated conductor and the like when used as winding is their expansion, because of their relatively high coef-ficient of thermal expansion, which occurs as a result of heating when operating the machine. The normal operating temperature for a machine of the present type is in the order of 70°C, which is considerably lower than that of conventional ma-chines that have an operating temperature of approx.100-120°C. The difference in temperature between the machine in operation or out of operation, which tempera-ture difference is normally in the order of 50°C but may even be considerably high-er if the machine is placed outdoors in a cold climate, causes an XLPE-insulated conductor that is securely fastened within the stator slots when the machine is in operation, to shrink when the operation of the machine is interrupted and the XLPE-insulated conductor can very possibly loose adhesion to the walls of the slot so that it is more or less loosely positioned when the machine is out of operation.
This loose conductor creates a problem when the machine starts operating again.
?5 The XLPE-insulated conductor and the stator slots are alternatively dimensioned in such a way in relation to each other that the conductor is fastened within the slot even when the machine is out of operation. When the machine consequently starts operating and the temperature starts rising, the XLPE-insulated conductor in the slots expands thermally and risks being damaged in the slots. Special devices for securing and maintaining the XLPE-insulated conductor may be used as another alternative, but which have the disadvantage of being both costly and difficult to install.
The present invention intends to solve the above-mentioned problems, which are caused by differences in temperature and the thermal expansion of the winding.
The problem is solved, according to the present invention as defined in the 5 characterizing part of claim1, by a method where the stator is cooled while during operation to a temperature T1, and where it is heated while out of operation to a temperature T2. A corresponding rotating electric machine solves the problem as defined in the characterizing part of claim 26. The rotating machine thus comprises a device for cooling the stator, while during operation, to a temperature T1, and for heating the stator, while out of operation, to a temperature T2. The advantage achieved hereby is that said temperature differences are reduced, thereby reduc-ing the thermal expansion of the winding. Because the temperature differences are reduced to a high degree in this way or, according to an especially preferred em-bodiment, are equalised completely, see below, the problems of different thermal expansion between the solid insulation and the layers surrounding the insulation of the insulated electric conductor in use is also eliminated. Reducing the tempera-ture variation in this way, or alternatively equalising the temperature, makes a freer choice of material in the insulated conductor possible. Thus, other conducting materials, having larger temperature coefficients, may be used and materials hav-ing different temperature coefficients may be combined in the solid insulation and surrounding layers.
According to an especially advantageous feature, this device comprises at least one cooling and heating system for the stator and one supervision system comprising means which measure the temperature of the stator both during op-eration and out of operation respectively, and means which control the cooling and heating system such that said temperatures T1, which the stator cools down to when it is in operation, and T2, which the stator heats up to when it is out of op-eration respectively, are obtained and maintained.
According to an advantageous feature, the temperature T2 is preferably essentially equal to the temperature T1, which means that the temperature of the stator is held essentially constant regardless of whether it is in operation or not.
According to another advantageous feature, the temperature T 2, which the stator is heated up to when it is out of operation, is somewhat lower than the temperature T1, which the stator is cooled down to when it is in operation, where-by T2 is preferably in the range of 0 - 20° C lower than T1, and with advantage in the range of 0 - 10° C lower than T1, or in the order of 10 - 15% lower than T1.
The insulation of the XLPE-conductor remains at a constant volume be-cause the temperature is constant or close to constant, which simplifies securing and assembly of the winding in addition to simplifying and making the whole prin-ciple of construction trustworthy. No noticeable relative movements are obtained as a result of differences in the coefficients of expansion between the different parts of the stator and the winding.
According to an advantageous embodiment, the winding is installed, dur-ing assembly of the machine, in the slots of the stator with play, which essentially corresponds to the expected expansion of the winding during the operating tem-perature of the machine. The winding, before installation in the slots of the stator, can alternatively be deformed mechanically in such a way that the winding, which is installed thereafter in the slots, returns to its non-deformed state and bears on the walls of the slot. According to another alternative, the winding may be cooled down before installation in the slots of the stator, undergoing thereby thermal shrinkage, after which the winding is installed in the slots and regains its original state as a result of heating whereby the winding bears on the walls of the slot. In all cases the stator is heated, after the winding has been installed but before oper-sting, with advantage to a temperature T3, which preferably essentially corre-sponds to the expected operating temperature T0.
Thus, the system for supervision of the machine comprises with advantage also means for measuring the temperature of the stator before being taken into operation for the first time, means controlling the cooling and heating system such ?5 that the stator, before operating for the first time, is heated to a temperature T3, and means which control the machine such that it is taken into operation only when the temperature T3 has been reached.
The temperature T3 may even be somewhat lower than the expected op-erating temperature of the stator T0, whereby T3 is preferably in the range of 20°C lower than T0, and with advantage in the range of 0 - 10°C
lower than T0.
The advantage of having a winding which is not fastened within the slot of the stator until the operating temperature has essentially been reached is obtained by utilising, among other things, the "memory effect" of an XLPE-insulated conduc-for or similar conductor which is released by heat or time. This also improves the possibilities of replacing a damaged part of the winding.
According to an preferred embodiment, the cooling and heating system of the rotating machine comprises at least one expandable conducting means for transportation of a cooling and/or a heating medium, which is inserted into ducts in the stator core, which are adapted for this purpose, in addition to means for the ex-pansion of said conducting means, whereby said conducting means after having expanded, presses against the inside of the duct in order to obtain good contact and heat transfer.
Said conducting means, which is preferably a proportionately rigid tube made of XLPE material or the like, has with advantage, before being inserted, been coated with a layer of fusible adhesive, in the form of glue film for example, which is wound onto the tube or extruded on the outside of the tube. The thickness of the layer may be in the range of one to some tenths of a mm. The fusible adhe-sive may contain a filler having good thermal conductivity such as aluminium oxide or boron nitride.
Additionally, the machine comprises with advantage means for the expan-sion of the conducting means, comprising means for simultaneously subjecting the conducting means to overpressure and heating, so that the conducting means bears on the walls of the duct and so that said fusible adhesive melts and sub-stantially fills all cavities between the conducting means and the walls of the duct, whereby the conducting means is secured against the walls of the duct.
Pressuri-sation and heating can take place by, for example, warm glycol being circulated inside the conducting means. Heating up to approx. 150° is required for the XLPE
material and the conducting means to expand, and the medium used for pressuri-sation and heating must therefore be able to withstand this temperature.
Besides, the medium can consist of the cooling and /or heating medium, which is used later for cooling and heating the stator respectively. The conducting means becomes supple and can be reshaped during heating and the glue, which melts and fills up possible cavities between the conducting means and the stator core, then hardens and secures the conducting means when cooling down. This arrangement has the advantage of being able to substitute the injection of silicon rubber, which is other-wise used for securing the conducting means and as a "sealing" between the con-ducting means and the stator ducts. The invention therefore shortens the distance that the heat travels between the stator core and the conducting means by approx.
2 mm.
According to a variant, the conducting means can be deformed radially, before being inserted into the duct, so as to correspond to a smaller diameter than that of the duct.
According to another preferred embodiment, the cooling and heating sys-tem of the rotating machine comprises at least one expandable conducting means for transportation of a cooling and/or a heating medium, which conducting means is inserted into the slots of the stator core, in the cavities that are formed between the turns of the winding lying adjacent to each other, in addition to means for the expansion of said conducting means, whereby said conducting means, after hav-ing expanded, clamps the winding firmly within the stator slots. This conducting means has with advantage a profile, which principally corresponds to the geomet-rical cross-section of said cavities and which is preferably an essentially triangular profile.
According to a variant, the expandable conducting means is inserted into the slots of the stator core in an evacuated condition. The conducting means may, for example, be made of reinforced hose and said means for the expansion of the conducting means, being inserted into the slots of the stator core, preferably com-prise means for feeding a pressurised fluid into the conducting means. The con-ducting means can, for example, be pressurised by means of a static water pres-sure, whereby the winding is clamped firmly within the stator slot. The water can be circulated thereafter in order to heat and cool the slot/stator and winding re-spectively.
According to another variant, said means for the expansion of the con-ducting means comprise means for simultaneously subjecting the conducting means to overpressure and heating, and the machine also comprises means for cooling the conducting means while retaining an overpressure, whereby the con-ducting means retains its expanded form. The conducting means then preferably constitutes an XLPE-tube or is made of a similar material, which can be made to expand in a corresponding manner to the above-mentioned description of the con-ducting means within the ducts of the stator core, and which has the correspond-ing advantages.
Thus, each of the two semiconductive layers essentially constitutes one equipotential surface, and the winding constituting these layers substantially con-fines the electrical field within itself.
However, nothing prevents one or more additional semiconductive layers from being arranged in the insulating layer.
One problem arising with the use of an XLPE-insulated conductor and the like when used as winding is their expansion, because of their relatively high coef-ficient of thermal expansion, which occurs as a result of heating when operating the machine. The normal operating temperature for a machine of the present type is in the order of 70°C, which is considerably lower than that of conventional ma-chines that have an operating temperature of approx.100-120°C. The difference in temperature between the machine in operation or out of operation, which tempera-ture difference is normally in the order of 50°C but may even be considerably high-er if the machine is placed outdoors in a cold climate, causes an XLPE-insulated conductor that is securely fastened within the stator slots when the machine is in operation, to shrink when the operation of the machine is interrupted and the XLPE-insulated conductor can very possibly loose adhesion to the walls of the slot so that it is more or less loosely positioned when the machine is out of operation.
This loose conductor creates a problem when the machine starts operating again.
?5 The XLPE-insulated conductor and the stator slots are alternatively dimensioned in such a way in relation to each other that the conductor is fastened within the slot even when the machine is out of operation. When the machine consequently starts operating and the temperature starts rising, the XLPE-insulated conductor in the slots expands thermally and risks being damaged in the slots. Special devices for securing and maintaining the XLPE-insulated conductor may be used as another alternative, but which have the disadvantage of being both costly and difficult to install.
The present invention intends to solve the above-mentioned problems, which are caused by differences in temperature and the thermal expansion of the winding.
The problem is solved, according to the present invention as defined in the 5 characterizing part of claim1, by a method where the stator is cooled while during operation to a temperature T1, and where it is heated while out of operation to a temperature T2. A corresponding rotating electric machine solves the problem as defined in the characterizing part of claim 26. The rotating machine thus comprises a device for cooling the stator, while during operation, to a temperature T1, and for heating the stator, while out of operation, to a temperature T2. The advantage achieved hereby is that said temperature differences are reduced, thereby reduc-ing the thermal expansion of the winding. Because the temperature differences are reduced to a high degree in this way or, according to an especially preferred em-bodiment, are equalised completely, see below, the problems of different thermal expansion between the solid insulation and the layers surrounding the insulation of the insulated electric conductor in use is also eliminated. Reducing the tempera-ture variation in this way, or alternatively equalising the temperature, makes a freer choice of material in the insulated conductor possible. Thus, other conducting materials, having larger temperature coefficients, may be used and materials hav-ing different temperature coefficients may be combined in the solid insulation and surrounding layers.
According to an especially advantageous feature, this device comprises at least one cooling and heating system for the stator and one supervision system comprising means which measure the temperature of the stator both during op-eration and out of operation respectively, and means which control the cooling and heating system such that said temperatures T1, which the stator cools down to when it is in operation, and T2, which the stator heats up to when it is out of op-eration respectively, are obtained and maintained.
According to an advantageous feature, the temperature T2 is preferably essentially equal to the temperature T1, which means that the temperature of the stator is held essentially constant regardless of whether it is in operation or not.
According to another advantageous feature, the temperature T 2, which the stator is heated up to when it is out of operation, is somewhat lower than the temperature T1, which the stator is cooled down to when it is in operation, where-by T2 is preferably in the range of 0 - 20° C lower than T1, and with advantage in the range of 0 - 10° C lower than T1, or in the order of 10 - 15% lower than T1.
The insulation of the XLPE-conductor remains at a constant volume be-cause the temperature is constant or close to constant, which simplifies securing and assembly of the winding in addition to simplifying and making the whole prin-ciple of construction trustworthy. No noticeable relative movements are obtained as a result of differences in the coefficients of expansion between the different parts of the stator and the winding.
According to an advantageous embodiment, the winding is installed, dur-ing assembly of the machine, in the slots of the stator with play, which essentially corresponds to the expected expansion of the winding during the operating tem-perature of the machine. The winding, before installation in the slots of the stator, can alternatively be deformed mechanically in such a way that the winding, which is installed thereafter in the slots, returns to its non-deformed state and bears on the walls of the slot. According to another alternative, the winding may be cooled down before installation in the slots of the stator, undergoing thereby thermal shrinkage, after which the winding is installed in the slots and regains its original state as a result of heating whereby the winding bears on the walls of the slot. In all cases the stator is heated, after the winding has been installed but before oper-sting, with advantage to a temperature T3, which preferably essentially corre-sponds to the expected operating temperature T0.
Thus, the system for supervision of the machine comprises with advantage also means for measuring the temperature of the stator before being taken into operation for the first time, means controlling the cooling and heating system such ?5 that the stator, before operating for the first time, is heated to a temperature T3, and means which control the machine such that it is taken into operation only when the temperature T3 has been reached.
The temperature T3 may even be somewhat lower than the expected op-erating temperature of the stator T0, whereby T3 is preferably in the range of 20°C lower than T0, and with advantage in the range of 0 - 10°C
lower than T0.
The advantage of having a winding which is not fastened within the slot of the stator until the operating temperature has essentially been reached is obtained by utilising, among other things, the "memory effect" of an XLPE-insulated conduc-for or similar conductor which is released by heat or time. This also improves the possibilities of replacing a damaged part of the winding.
According to an preferred embodiment, the cooling and heating system of the rotating machine comprises at least one expandable conducting means for transportation of a cooling and/or a heating medium, which is inserted into ducts in the stator core, which are adapted for this purpose, in addition to means for the ex-pansion of said conducting means, whereby said conducting means after having expanded, presses against the inside of the duct in order to obtain good contact and heat transfer.
Said conducting means, which is preferably a proportionately rigid tube made of XLPE material or the like, has with advantage, before being inserted, been coated with a layer of fusible adhesive, in the form of glue film for example, which is wound onto the tube or extruded on the outside of the tube. The thickness of the layer may be in the range of one to some tenths of a mm. The fusible adhe-sive may contain a filler having good thermal conductivity such as aluminium oxide or boron nitride.
Additionally, the machine comprises with advantage means for the expan-sion of the conducting means, comprising means for simultaneously subjecting the conducting means to overpressure and heating, so that the conducting means bears on the walls of the duct and so that said fusible adhesive melts and sub-stantially fills all cavities between the conducting means and the walls of the duct, whereby the conducting means is secured against the walls of the duct.
Pressuri-sation and heating can take place by, for example, warm glycol being circulated inside the conducting means. Heating up to approx. 150° is required for the XLPE
material and the conducting means to expand, and the medium used for pressuri-sation and heating must therefore be able to withstand this temperature.
Besides, the medium can consist of the cooling and /or heating medium, which is used later for cooling and heating the stator respectively. The conducting means becomes supple and can be reshaped during heating and the glue, which melts and fills up possible cavities between the conducting means and the stator core, then hardens and secures the conducting means when cooling down. This arrangement has the advantage of being able to substitute the injection of silicon rubber, which is other-wise used for securing the conducting means and as a "sealing" between the con-ducting means and the stator ducts. The invention therefore shortens the distance that the heat travels between the stator core and the conducting means by approx.
2 mm.
According to a variant, the conducting means can be deformed radially, before being inserted into the duct, so as to correspond to a smaller diameter than that of the duct.
According to another preferred embodiment, the cooling and heating sys-tem of the rotating machine comprises at least one expandable conducting means for transportation of a cooling and/or a heating medium, which conducting means is inserted into the slots of the stator core, in the cavities that are formed between the turns of the winding lying adjacent to each other, in addition to means for the expansion of said conducting means, whereby said conducting means, after hav-ing expanded, clamps the winding firmly within the stator slots. This conducting means has with advantage a profile, which principally corresponds to the geomet-rical cross-section of said cavities and which is preferably an essentially triangular profile.
According to a variant, the expandable conducting means is inserted into the slots of the stator core in an evacuated condition. The conducting means may, for example, be made of reinforced hose and said means for the expansion of the conducting means, being inserted into the slots of the stator core, preferably com-prise means for feeding a pressurised fluid into the conducting means. The con-ducting means can, for example, be pressurised by means of a static water pres-sure, whereby the winding is clamped firmly within the stator slot. The water can be circulated thereafter in order to heat and cool the slot/stator and winding re-spectively.
According to another variant, said means for the expansion of the con-ducting means comprise means for simultaneously subjecting the conducting means to overpressure and heating, and the machine also comprises means for cooling the conducting means while retaining an overpressure, whereby the con-ducting means retains its expanded form. The conducting means then preferably constitutes an XLPE-tube or is made of a similar material, which can be made to expand in a corresponding manner to the above-mentioned description of the con-ducting means within the ducts of the stator core, and which has the correspond-ing advantages.
Additional features and advantages of the present invention will be made evident in the remaining dependent claims.
Thus, not only has a solution been found for the problem of avoiding tem-perature changes in the stator and other problems in this connection, improved ways and devices have also been found for securing the winding in the stator slots and fastening the conducting means for heating and cooling purposes within the ducts in the stator core and the slots, in addition to finding a solution for improved heat transmission.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with particular reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 shows a schematic sketch of the supervision system, which is part of the invention;
Figure 2 shows a schematic sketch illustrating the installation of the winding in the stator slots;
Figure 3 shows a variant of the installation of the winding;
Figure 4 shows ducts in the stator core, into which a conducting means for transportation of a cooling and/or heating medium has been inserted;
Figure 5 shows stator slots with winding and conducting means for transpor-tation of the cooling and/or heating medium; and Figure 6 shows an example of an insulated electric conductor suitable for use as winding.
Figure 1 shows schematically, in accordance with the invention, the speci-fications that a supervision system for a rotating electric machine will perform. As mentioned above, it is desirable that the temperature of the stator, when it has been put into operation, remains relatively constant. In order to achieve this, a system cooling the stator in operation and heating the stator when it is out of op-eration is required as well as a supervision system. Examples of different embodi-ments constituting cooling and heating systems will be shown below, not excluding other possible embodiments. Measurement of the temperature of the stator is an important part of the supervision system. The supervision system can naturally al-so be used to control the temperature that the conducting means for cooling and heating the stator and winding respectively are heated up to and cooled down to respectively during installation, as well as controlling the pressure they are sub-jected to, or anything else that is serviceable in this connection. The supervision system and controlling system inclusively, for the cooling and heating system and the measurement of the temperature of the stator are preferably computerised.
Such a system can be designed with the help of known technique and will there-fore not be described in detail herewith.
As in the above-mentioned, it is especially desirable to use a type of insu-lated electric conductor or cable, which is a so-called XLPE-cable, as winding which in the present connection is also termed an XLPE-insulated conductor.
This cable expands when the temperature rises, i. e. when the machine is in operation and this condition can be exploited during installation of the cable. As illustrated in 10 Figure 2, on the right hand side of the illustration, the cable 8 is installed in the sta-for slots with play between the outside of the cable and the inside of the slot.
When the stator is heating up, which must take place before it is put into operation because the winding, shown on the right hand side of Figure 2, has not been fas-tened in the slots yet, the cable expands thermally so that it bears on the slot and is thus secured in the slot. The machine is then ready for service. The purpose of the supervision system is to control the temperature of the stator so that it reaches a temperature that approximately corresponds to the operating temperature, of which temperature the cable is presumed to be secured in the slot, before the ma-chine starts operating. A stator slot 9' is illustrated on the left-hand side of Figure 2 where the winding/cable 8' has expanded to such an extent that it is secured adja-cent to the inner wall of the slot and the machine is then ready for service.
Alternatively, the "memory effect" of the cable can be utilised in order to cool down the cable before installation in the slot. When the cable is heated the cable regains its original dimension and then bears on the walls of the slot and the iron core.
It should be noted that it is important that, when the operating temperature has been reached, it be kept at a fairly constant level, i. e. when the machine is out of operation, a temperature is maintained, which is approximately equal to the op-erating temperature derived from heating, so that the winding will not loosen its adjacent hold on the inside of the stator slots as a result of shrinkage when cooling down too much.
The variant illustrated in figure 3, for installation of the winding, shows a stator having especially designed slots 19 for the winding, i.e. slots, which are oval in the radial direction. Two electric conductors 18 are installed in each such oval slot 19, i.e. corresponding to two winding turns. Thus, the conductors of the wind-ing can be wound two at a time. This variant is especially advantageous for air-cooling but can naturally also be used in other types of cooling. More space is usually needed in the slots in order to utilise air-cooling and by winding the con-s ductors of the winding two at a time, in the oval slots, a duct shaped space is formed between the two conductors in a slot, which duct may be utilised for cool-ing. Thus, this invention makes it possible to cool both the winding and the stator teeth by means of air.
The conductors 18 may suitably be treated and installed in accordance with the method described above, in connection with figure 2. Alternatively or complementary thereto, combined means 17, which are of a corresponding type and can be arranged in a corresponding way to the above, may be applied be-tween the two conductors 18 in a slot 19 in order to clamp the conductors and which means can be utilised for cooling/heating the stator and the winding, which 1 S will be described further below.
It should be noted that the invention illustrated in figure 3 can also consti-tute a separate invention as regards a stator having oval slots in which the con-ductors of the winding are installed two at a time, which invention is not solely confined to a rotating electric machine of the type referred to in claim 26 or to the method defined in claim 1. It should also be noted that the means 17 could be constituted of winding clamping means of any suitable type, i. e. without the com-bined cooling and/or heating function.
Figure 4 shows how the cooling/heating of the stator may be carried out.
The stator core 20 is provided with a plurality of ducts 21 for cooling/heating. A
conducting means 22 is inserted into these ducts in order to transport a cooling and/or heating medium, which conducting means preferably constitutes an XLPE-tube or the like. The tube has preferably been deformed radially in advance so that it corresponds to a diameter that is smaller than the diameter of the duct in the sta-tor steel sheets. In any case, the tube 22 has a diameter of d,, which is smaller than the diameter of the duct dk. This considerably simplifies the process of lead-ing the tube into the duct. The tube 22 is then allowed to expand in the duct until it attains a diameter d2, which preferably corresponds to or is somewhat bigger than the smallest diameter dk of the duct in order to ensure that the conducting means/-tube is secured and bears on the inside of the duct, and thereby to the stator steel sheets, in such a way that it obtains good contact and good heat transfer. The ex-pansion of the tube is preferably achieved through a combination of heating and pressure, caused by a heated, compressed fluid circulating through the conducting means.
The conducting means/tube can be coated on its outside with a layer of fusible glue film, which melts when the tube is heated in order to further improve the process of fastening the conducting means so that it bears on the inside of the duct. The glue then fills all possible cavities between the conducting means and the stator sheet layers in the core duct. The glue film can also contain a filler hav-ing good thermal conductivity such as aluminium oxide or boron nitride, which fur-ther improves the melting of the glue and the contact of the conducting means to the stator sheets as well as the heat transfer between the conducting means and the stator.
Figure 5 shows how a conducting means 27 for transportation of a cooling and/or heating medium can be located in the space between the winding 28 and the stator slot 29. This conducting means can have the same characteristics as the conducting means, being used in the ducts in the stator core. Thus, this con-ducting means can be constituted of an XLPE-tube which has advantageously been given a triangular profile, which corresponds to the form of the accessible space between the inside of the stator slot and two winding turns 28 lying adjacent to each other. This could have taken place through deforming the conducting means. The conducting means can expand in a corresponding way to the above-mentioned after having been inserted, i. a preferably by means of a combination of heating and pressurising a medium circulating through the conducting means.
Thus, the conducting means hereby bears on both the insides of the slot and the winding whereby the conducting means thus fixes the winding within the stator slot. Good contact is established at the same time between the conducting means and the winding as well as the stator sheets, which is favourable for heat transfer and can thus be utilised for cooling and heating of the stator (and the winding) re-spectively. The conducting means in this figure 5 is only arranged on the one side of the winding but can naturally be arranged on both sides of the winding, such as shown previously in figure 3. It is also noteworthy that figure 3 illustrates a corre-sponding conducting means in a non-expanded condition.
Thus, not only has a solution been found for the problem of avoiding tem-perature changes in the stator and other problems in this connection, improved ways and devices have also been found for securing the winding in the stator slots and fastening the conducting means for heating and cooling purposes within the ducts in the stator core and the slots, in addition to finding a solution for improved heat transmission.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with particular reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 shows a schematic sketch of the supervision system, which is part of the invention;
Figure 2 shows a schematic sketch illustrating the installation of the winding in the stator slots;
Figure 3 shows a variant of the installation of the winding;
Figure 4 shows ducts in the stator core, into which a conducting means for transportation of a cooling and/or heating medium has been inserted;
Figure 5 shows stator slots with winding and conducting means for transpor-tation of the cooling and/or heating medium; and Figure 6 shows an example of an insulated electric conductor suitable for use as winding.
Figure 1 shows schematically, in accordance with the invention, the speci-fications that a supervision system for a rotating electric machine will perform. As mentioned above, it is desirable that the temperature of the stator, when it has been put into operation, remains relatively constant. In order to achieve this, a system cooling the stator in operation and heating the stator when it is out of op-eration is required as well as a supervision system. Examples of different embodi-ments constituting cooling and heating systems will be shown below, not excluding other possible embodiments. Measurement of the temperature of the stator is an important part of the supervision system. The supervision system can naturally al-so be used to control the temperature that the conducting means for cooling and heating the stator and winding respectively are heated up to and cooled down to respectively during installation, as well as controlling the pressure they are sub-jected to, or anything else that is serviceable in this connection. The supervision system and controlling system inclusively, for the cooling and heating system and the measurement of the temperature of the stator are preferably computerised.
Such a system can be designed with the help of known technique and will there-fore not be described in detail herewith.
As in the above-mentioned, it is especially desirable to use a type of insu-lated electric conductor or cable, which is a so-called XLPE-cable, as winding which in the present connection is also termed an XLPE-insulated conductor.
This cable expands when the temperature rises, i. e. when the machine is in operation and this condition can be exploited during installation of the cable. As illustrated in 10 Figure 2, on the right hand side of the illustration, the cable 8 is installed in the sta-for slots with play between the outside of the cable and the inside of the slot.
When the stator is heating up, which must take place before it is put into operation because the winding, shown on the right hand side of Figure 2, has not been fas-tened in the slots yet, the cable expands thermally so that it bears on the slot and is thus secured in the slot. The machine is then ready for service. The purpose of the supervision system is to control the temperature of the stator so that it reaches a temperature that approximately corresponds to the operating temperature, of which temperature the cable is presumed to be secured in the slot, before the ma-chine starts operating. A stator slot 9' is illustrated on the left-hand side of Figure 2 where the winding/cable 8' has expanded to such an extent that it is secured adja-cent to the inner wall of the slot and the machine is then ready for service.
Alternatively, the "memory effect" of the cable can be utilised in order to cool down the cable before installation in the slot. When the cable is heated the cable regains its original dimension and then bears on the walls of the slot and the iron core.
It should be noted that it is important that, when the operating temperature has been reached, it be kept at a fairly constant level, i. e. when the machine is out of operation, a temperature is maintained, which is approximately equal to the op-erating temperature derived from heating, so that the winding will not loosen its adjacent hold on the inside of the stator slots as a result of shrinkage when cooling down too much.
The variant illustrated in figure 3, for installation of the winding, shows a stator having especially designed slots 19 for the winding, i.e. slots, which are oval in the radial direction. Two electric conductors 18 are installed in each such oval slot 19, i.e. corresponding to two winding turns. Thus, the conductors of the wind-ing can be wound two at a time. This variant is especially advantageous for air-cooling but can naturally also be used in other types of cooling. More space is usually needed in the slots in order to utilise air-cooling and by winding the con-s ductors of the winding two at a time, in the oval slots, a duct shaped space is formed between the two conductors in a slot, which duct may be utilised for cool-ing. Thus, this invention makes it possible to cool both the winding and the stator teeth by means of air.
The conductors 18 may suitably be treated and installed in accordance with the method described above, in connection with figure 2. Alternatively or complementary thereto, combined means 17, which are of a corresponding type and can be arranged in a corresponding way to the above, may be applied be-tween the two conductors 18 in a slot 19 in order to clamp the conductors and which means can be utilised for cooling/heating the stator and the winding, which 1 S will be described further below.
It should be noted that the invention illustrated in figure 3 can also consti-tute a separate invention as regards a stator having oval slots in which the con-ductors of the winding are installed two at a time, which invention is not solely confined to a rotating electric machine of the type referred to in claim 26 or to the method defined in claim 1. It should also be noted that the means 17 could be constituted of winding clamping means of any suitable type, i. e. without the com-bined cooling and/or heating function.
Figure 4 shows how the cooling/heating of the stator may be carried out.
The stator core 20 is provided with a plurality of ducts 21 for cooling/heating. A
conducting means 22 is inserted into these ducts in order to transport a cooling and/or heating medium, which conducting means preferably constitutes an XLPE-tube or the like. The tube has preferably been deformed radially in advance so that it corresponds to a diameter that is smaller than the diameter of the duct in the sta-tor steel sheets. In any case, the tube 22 has a diameter of d,, which is smaller than the diameter of the duct dk. This considerably simplifies the process of lead-ing the tube into the duct. The tube 22 is then allowed to expand in the duct until it attains a diameter d2, which preferably corresponds to or is somewhat bigger than the smallest diameter dk of the duct in order to ensure that the conducting means/-tube is secured and bears on the inside of the duct, and thereby to the stator steel sheets, in such a way that it obtains good contact and good heat transfer. The ex-pansion of the tube is preferably achieved through a combination of heating and pressure, caused by a heated, compressed fluid circulating through the conducting means.
The conducting means/tube can be coated on its outside with a layer of fusible glue film, which melts when the tube is heated in order to further improve the process of fastening the conducting means so that it bears on the inside of the duct. The glue then fills all possible cavities between the conducting means and the stator sheet layers in the core duct. The glue film can also contain a filler hav-ing good thermal conductivity such as aluminium oxide or boron nitride, which fur-ther improves the melting of the glue and the contact of the conducting means to the stator sheets as well as the heat transfer between the conducting means and the stator.
Figure 5 shows how a conducting means 27 for transportation of a cooling and/or heating medium can be located in the space between the winding 28 and the stator slot 29. This conducting means can have the same characteristics as the conducting means, being used in the ducts in the stator core. Thus, this con-ducting means can be constituted of an XLPE-tube which has advantageously been given a triangular profile, which corresponds to the form of the accessible space between the inside of the stator slot and two winding turns 28 lying adjacent to each other. This could have taken place through deforming the conducting means. The conducting means can expand in a corresponding way to the above-mentioned after having been inserted, i. a preferably by means of a combination of heating and pressurising a medium circulating through the conducting means.
Thus, the conducting means hereby bears on both the insides of the slot and the winding whereby the conducting means thus fixes the winding within the stator slot. Good contact is established at the same time between the conducting means and the winding as well as the stator sheets, which is favourable for heat transfer and can thus be utilised for cooling and heating of the stator (and the winding) re-spectively. The conducting means in this figure 5 is only arranged on the one side of the winding but can naturally be arranged on both sides of the winding, such as shown previously in figure 3. It is also noteworthy that figure 3 illustrates a corre-sponding conducting means in a non-expanded condition.
A reinforced hose can alternatively also be used as a conducting means instead of the XLPE-tube, which is preferably threaded in an evacuated condition into the accessible spaces. This is thereafter pressurised by means of static water pressure and clamps the winding cable in this manner within the slot.
Finally, a cross-section of an insulated electric conductor/cable is shown in figure 6, which is especially suitable for use as winding in the stator according to the invention. The cable 30 comprises at least one current carrying conductor surrounded by a first semiconductive layer 32. An insulation layer 33 is arranged around this first semiconductive layer, which layer is surrounded in turn by a sec-and semiconductive layer 34. The electric conductor 31 can consist of a plurality of strands 35. The three layers are designed in such a way that they adhere to each other even when the cable is bent. The flexibility of the shown cable is a life-long characteristic. The illustrated cable also differs from conventional high voltage ca-bles because the outer, mechanical protective sheathing and the metal screen, which normally surrounds such a cable, are eliminated.
The present invention should not be considered limited to the shown em-bodiments, but can be varied by a person skilled in the art in numerous ways with-in the frame of the invention as defined in the attached patent claims.
Finally, a cross-section of an insulated electric conductor/cable is shown in figure 6, which is especially suitable for use as winding in the stator according to the invention. The cable 30 comprises at least one current carrying conductor surrounded by a first semiconductive layer 32. An insulation layer 33 is arranged around this first semiconductive layer, which layer is surrounded in turn by a sec-and semiconductive layer 34. The electric conductor 31 can consist of a plurality of strands 35. The three layers are designed in such a way that they adhere to each other even when the cable is bent. The flexibility of the shown cable is a life-long characteristic. The illustrated cable also differs from conventional high voltage ca-bles because the outer, mechanical protective sheathing and the metal screen, which normally surrounds such a cable, are eliminated.
The present invention should not be considered limited to the shown em-bodiments, but can be varied by a person skilled in the art in numerous ways with-in the frame of the invention as defined in the attached patent claims.
Claims (48)
1. A method for a rotating electric machine for high voltage, comprising a ro-tor and a stator having a core and a winding arranged in slots in the stator core, which winding encloses the electric field and is provided by means of an insulated electric conductor (30) comprising at least one current carrying conductor (31) and also comprising a first layer (32) surrounding the current carrying conductor, a solid insulation layer (33) surrounding said first layer, and a second layer (34) sur-rounding the insulation layer, characterized by the stator being cooled down, when it is in operation, to a temperature T1, and the stator being heated up, when it is out of operation, to a temperature T2.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature T2, which the stator is heated up to when it is out of operation, is essentially equal to the temperature T1, which the stator is cooled down to when it is in operation.
3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature T 2, which the stator is heated up to when it is out of operation, is somewhat lower than the temperature T1, which the stator is cooled down to when it is in operation, whereby T2 is preferably in the range of 0 - 20° C lower than T1.
4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature T 2, which the stator is heated up to when it is out of operation, is somewhat lower than the temperature T1, which the stator is cooled down to when it is in operation, whereby T2 is preferably in the range of 0 - 10° C lower than T1.
5. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the winding (8), during assembly of the machine, is installed in the slots (9) of the stator with play which essentially corresponds to the expected expansion of the winding during the operating temperature of the stator.
6. A method according to any one of claims 1 - 4, characterized in that the winding, during assembly of the machine and before being installed in the slots of the stator, is deformed mechanically in such a way that the winding will regain its non-deformed state when it is installed thereafter in the slots so that it bears on the walls of the slots.
7. A method according to any one of claims 1 - 4 or 6, characterized in that the winding, during assembly of the machine and before installation in the slots of the stator, is cooled down so that it undergoes thermal shrinkage, after which it is installed in the slots and thereupon regains its original shape as a result of heating so that the winding bears on the walls of the slots.
8. A method according to any one of claims 5 - 7, characterized in that the stator, after installation of the winding in the slots but prior to its operation, is heated up to a temperature T3.
9. A method according to claim 8, characterized in that the temperature T3 essentially corresponds to the expected operating temperature T0 of the stator, and that the machine only begins operating once this temperature T3 has been reached.
10. A method according to claim 8, characterized in that the temperature T3 is somewhat lower than the expected operating temperature T0 of the stator, whereby T3 is preferably in the range of 0 - 20° C lower than T0.
11. A method according to claim 8, characterized in that the temperature T3 is somewhat lower than the expected operating temperature T0 of the stator, whereby T3 is preferably in the range of 0 - 10° C lower than T0.
12. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an expandable conducting means (22) for transportation of a cooling and/or a heating medium is inserted in ducts (21) provided therefore in the stator core (20), after which said conducting means is allowed to expand so that the conducting means is pressed against the inside of the duct in order to obtain good contact and heat transfer.
13. A method according to claim 12, characterized in that the conducting means before insertion is coated with a layer of fusible adhesive agent.
14. A method according to claim 13, characterized in that the fusible adhe-sive agent contains a filler having good thermal conductivity.
15. A method according to any one of claims 13 - 14, characterized in that the conducting means expands because it is simultaneously subjected to pressure and heating, thereby bearing on the walls of the duct and that said fusible adhe-sive agent then melts and essentially fills all cavities between the conducting means and the walls of the duct, whereby the conducting means is secured to the walls of the duct.
16. A method according to any one of claims 12 - 15, characterized in that the conducting means, before being inserted in the duct, is deformed radially so as to correspond to a diameter smaller than the diameter of the duct.
17. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an expandable conducting means (17; 27) for transportation of a cooling and/or a heating medium is inserted in the slots (19; 29) of the stator core, into the cavities formed between the turns of the winding (18; 28) lying adjacent to each other, after which said conducting means is allowed to expand in such a way that the winding is thereby firmly clamped within the stator slots.
18. A method according to claim 17, characterized in that the expandable conducting means for transportation of a cooling and/or a heating medium, before being inserted in the slots of the stator core, is deformed into a profile principally corresponding to the geometric cross-section of said cavities.
19. A method according to claim 18, characterized in that said conducting means, before being inserted in the slots, is deformed in such a way that it corre-sponds to an essentially triangular profile.
20. A method according to claim 17, characterized in that the expandable conducting means for transportation of a cooling and/or a heating medium is in-serted in the slots of the stator core in a vacuous condition.
21. A method according to claim 20, characterized in that said conducting means expands by means of a pressurised fluid being fed into the conducting means.
22. A method according to any one of claims 12 - 19, characterized in that the conducting means (22; 17; 27) expands as a result of simultaneously being subjected to overpressure and heating, and that it is cooled thereafter while main-taining overpressure whereby the conducting means maintains its expanded form.
23. A method according to claim 22, characterized in that the expansion takes place by means of a heat conducting pressurised fluid circulating within the conducting means (22; 17; 27).
24. A method according to any one of claims 21 or 23, characterized in that the pressurised fluid constitutes the cooling and/or heating medium which is used at a later stage for cooling and heating the stator respectively.
25. A method according to any one of claims 12 - 24, characterized in that the cooling and the heating medium constitutes the same medium.
26. A rotating electric machine for high voltage, comprising a rotor and a stator having a core and a winding arranged in slots in the stator core, which winding confines the electric field and is provided by means of an insulated electric con-ductor (30) comprising at least one current carrying conductor (31), comprising also a first layer (32) surrounding the current carrying conductor, a solid insulation layer (33) surrounding said first layer, and a second layer (34) surrounding the in-sulation layer, characterized in that it comprises a device for cooling the stator, when it is in operation, to a temperature T1, and for heating the stator, when out of operation, to a temperature T2.
27. A rotating machine according to claim 26, characterized in that the device comprises at least one cooling and heating system for the stator and a supervision system (1) comprising means (3) which measure the temperature of the stator both during operation and out of operation respectively, and means (2) which con-trol the cooling and heating system so that said temperatures T1, which the stator cools down to during operation, and T2, which the stator heats up to when it is out of operation respectively, are obtained and maintained.
28. A rotating machine according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that the temperature T2 which the stator is heated up to when it is out of operation, is es-sentially equal to the temperature T1 which the stator cools down to when it is in operation.
29. A rotating machine according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that the temperature T2, which the stator is heated up to when it is not in operation, is somewhat lower than the temperature T1, which the stator is cooled down to when it is in operation, whereby T2 is preferably in the range of 0 - 20°C
lower than T1.
lower than T1.
30. A rotating machine according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that the temperature T2, which the stator is heated up to when it is out of operation, is somewhat lower than the temperature T1, which the stator is cooled down to when it is in operation, whereby T2 is preferably in the range of 0 - 10° C
lower than T1.
lower than T1.
31. A rotating machine according to any one of claims 27 - 30, characterized in that the supervision system (1) also comprises means for measuring the tem-perature of the stator before operating for the first time, means for controlling the cooling and heating system such that the stator, before operating for the first time, is heated up to a temperature T3, and means which control the machine such that the machine is only put into operation when the temperature T3 has been reach-ed.
32. A rotating machine according to claim 31, characterized in that the tem-perature T3 essentially corresponds to the expected operating temperature T0 of the stator.
33. A rotating machine according to claim 31, characterized in that the tem-perature T3 is somewhat lower than the expected operating temperature T0 of the stator, whereby T3 is preferably in the range of 0 - 20° C lower than T0.
34. A rotating machine according to claim 31, characterized in that the tem-perature T3 is somewhat lower than the expected operating temperature 0 of the stator, whereby T3 is preferably in the range of 0 - 10° C lower than T0.
35. A rotating machine according to any one of claims 26 - 34, characterized in that the winding (8; 18; 28) is designed in such a way that it is not secured in the stator slots (9; 19; 29) before the temperature T3 has been reached.
36. A rotating machine according to any one of claims 26 - 35, characterized in that it comprises at least one expandable conducting means (22) for transporta-tion of a cooling and/or a heating medium, which conducting means is inserted in ducts (21) in the stator core which are adapted for this purpose, in addition to means for the expansion of said conducting means, whereby said conducting means, after having expanded, is pressed against the inside of the duct in order to obtain good contact and heat transfer.
37. A rotating machine according to claim 36, characterized in that the con-ducting means, before being inserted, is coated with a layer of fusible adhesive agent.
38. A rotating machine according to claim 37, characterized in that the fusible adhesive agent contains a filler having good thermal conductivity.
39. A rotating machine according to any one of claims 37 - 38, characterized in that said means for the expansion of the conducting means comprises means which simultaneously subject the conducting means to overpressure and heating, so that the conducting means bears on the walls of the duct and that said fusible adhesive agent melts and essentially fills all cavities between the conducting means and the walls of the duct, whereby the conducting means is secured against the walls of the duct.
40. A rotating machine according to any on of claims 36 - 39, characterized in that the conducting means, before being inserted in the duct, is deformed radially to correspond to a diameter smaller than the diameter of the duct.
41. A rotating machine according to any one of claims 26 - 40, characterized in that it comprises at least one expandable conducting means (17; 27) for trans-portation of a cooling and/or a heating medium, which conducting means is in-serted in the slots (19; 29) of the stator core, into the cavities which are formed between the winding turns (18; 28) lying adjacent to each other, in addition to means for the expansion of said conducting means, whereby said conducting means after having expanded clamps the winding firmly within the stator slots.
42. A rotating machine according to claim 41, characterized in that the con-ducting means has a profile that principally corresponds to the geometrical cross-section of said cavities, preferably an essentially triangular profile.
43. A rotating machine according to claim 41, characterized in that the ex-pandable conducting means for transportation of a cooling and/or a heating me-dium is inserted in the slots of the stator core in a vacuous condition.
44. A rotating machine according to claim 43, characterized in that said means for the expansion of the conducting means which is inserted in the slots of the stator core, comprises means for feeding a pressurised fluid into the conduct-ing means.
45. A rotating machine according to any one of claims 36 - 42, characterized in that said means for the expansion of the conducting means (22; 17; 27)) com-prises means for simultaneously subjecting the conducting means to overpressure and heating, and that the machine also comprises means for cooling the conduct-ing means while retaining an overpressure, whereby the conducting means retains its expanded form.
46. A rotating machine according to claim 45, characterized in that it com-prises means for circulation of a heat conducting pressurised fluid within the con-ducting means (22; 17; 27).
47. A rotating machine according to claim 46, characterized in that the pres-surised fluid consists of the cooling and/or heating medium which is used at a later stage for cooling and heating the stator respectively.
48. A rotating machine according to any one of claims 36 - 47, characterized in that the cooling medium and the heating medium consist of the same heat con-ducting medium which is cooled and heated respectively.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE9901929-1 | 1999-05-27 | ||
| SE9901929A SE514216C2 (en) | 1999-05-27 | 1999-05-27 | Method of rotating machine and machine for carrying out the procedure |
| PCT/SE2000/001069 WO2000077913A1 (en) | 1999-05-27 | 2000-05-25 | A method for a rotating electric machine and a machine for carrying out the method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2373784A1 true CA2373784A1 (en) | 2000-12-21 |
Family
ID=20415759
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002373784A Abandoned CA2373784A1 (en) | 1999-05-27 | 2000-05-25 | A method for a rotating electric machine and a machine for carrying out the method |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1205018A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU5120300A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2373784A1 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE514216C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000077913A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10141816B2 (en) | 2015-01-21 | 2018-11-27 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Method of achieving variable performance of an electric generator |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BR9709763A (en) * | 1996-05-29 | 1999-08-10 | Asea Brown Boveri | Rotating electrical equipment comprising a high voltage stator coil and elongated support devices sporting the coil and method for manufacturing such equipment |
-
1999
- 1999-05-27 SE SE9901929A patent/SE514216C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-05-25 CA CA002373784A patent/CA2373784A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-05-25 WO PCT/SE2000/001069 patent/WO2000077913A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-05-25 AU AU51203/00A patent/AU5120300A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-05-25 EP EP00935795A patent/EP1205018A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE514216C2 (en) | 2001-01-22 |
| SE9901929L (en) | 2000-11-28 |
| WO2000077913A1 (en) | 2000-12-21 |
| SE9901929D0 (en) | 1999-05-27 |
| EP1205018A1 (en) | 2002-05-15 |
| AU5120300A (en) | 2001-01-02 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |