CA2359438A1 - Fabric enhancement compositions - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to fabric enhancement compositions which provide reduced fabric abrasion damage. The compositions of the present invention comprise: a) from about 0.01% by weight, of a fabric enhancement system, said fabric enhancement system comprising one or more modified polyamine compounds, said modified polyamine compounds are selected from: i) (PA)w(T)x; ii) (PA)w(L)z; iii) [(PA)w(T)x]y[L]z; and iv) mixtures thereof; wherein PA is a grafted or non-grafted, modified or unmodified polyamine backbone unit, T is an amide-forming polycarboxylic acid crosslinking unit, and L is a non-amide forming crosslinking unit; provided that for compounds of type (i) and (iii) the indices w and x have values such that the ratio of w to x is from 0.8:1 to 1.5:1; for compounds of type (ii) the indices w and z have values such that said modified polyamine compound comprises from about 0.05 to about 2 parts by weight of said L unit; for compounds of type (iii) the indices y and z have values such that said modified polyamine compound comprises from about 0.05 to about 2 parts by weight of said L unit; b) from about 1% to about 80% by weight, of a fabric softening active; c) and the balance carriers and adjunct ingredients.

Description

FABRIC ENHANCEMENT COMPOSITIONS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present application relates to rinse-added fabric care compositions which comprise one or more crosslinked and/or grafted polyamines which provide enhanced fabric appearance benefits. The crosslinked and/or grafted polyamines of the present invention which mitigate fabric damage and improve fabric appearance may be combined with fabric softener actives compositions which mitigate fabric damage.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The domestic treatment of fabric is a problem known in the art to the formulator of laundry compositions. Hence, It is well known that alternating cycles of using and laundering fabrics and textiles, such as articles of worn clothing and apparel, will inevitably adversely affect the appearance and integrity of the fabric and textile items so used and laundered. Fabrics and textiles simply wear out over time and with use. Laundering of fabrics and textiles is necessary to remove soils and stains which accumulate therein and thereon during ordinary use. However;
the laundering operation itself, over many cycles, can accentuate and contribute to the deterioration of the integrity and the appearance of such fabrics and textiles.
Deterioration of fabric integrity and appearance can manifest itself in several ways.
Short fibers are dislodged from woven and knit fabric/textile structures by the mechanical action of laundering. These dislodged fibers may form lint, fuzz or "pills" which are visible on the surface of fabrics and diminish the appearance of newness of the fabric. Such a problem of fabric abrasion is even more acute after multiwash cycles.
'There exists a long felt need for compositions which provide fabric with protection against damage done due to fabric abrasion. In addition, there is a long felt need to provide compositions which provide a remedy for fabric abrasion damage.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention meets the aforementioned needs in that it has been surprisingly discovered that high molecular weight modified polyamine compounds, preferably compounds formed by the reaction of grafted or ungrafted and/or modified or unmodified polyamines with a crosslinking agent wherein said modified polyamine compounds have a molecular weight of from about 1,000 daltons, preferably from about 10,000 daltons to about 10 million daltons, preferably to about 2.5 million daltons, are suitable for use in rinse-added fabric care compositions wherein said modified polyamines comprise a fabric enhancement system which provides fabric appearance benefits inter alia mitigation of fabric dye damage via bleaching agents, prevention of fabric mechanical damage.
A first aspect of the present invention relates to rinse-added fabric enhancement or fabric care compositions comprising:
a) from about 0.01 % by weight, of a fabric enhancement system, said fabric enhancement system comprising one or more modified polyamine compounds, said modified polyamine compounds are selected from:
i) (PA),~(T)~;
ii) (PA)W(L)Z~
iii) [(PA)W(T)~]Y[L]Z; and iv) mixtures thereof;
wherein PA is a grafted or non-grafted, modified or unmodified polyamine backbone unit, T is an amide-forming polycarboxylic acid crosslinking unit, and L is a non-amide forming crosslinking unit; provided that for compounds of type (i) and (iii) the indices w and x have values such that the ratio of w to x is from 0.8 : 1 to 1.5 : 1; for compounds of type (ii) the indices w and z have values such that said modified polyamine compound comprises from about 0.05, preferably from about 0.3 to 2 parts by weight of said L unit; for compounds of type (iii) the indices y and z have values such that said modified polyamine compound comprises from about 0.05, preferably from about 0.3 to 2 parts by weight of said L unit; and b) the balance carriers and adjunct ingredients.
A second aspect of the present invention relates to fabric care compositions comprising:
a) from about 0.01%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 20%, preferably to about 10% by weight, of a modified polyamine compound according to the present invention;

b) optionally from about 0.01% by weight, of a fabric abrasion polymer compnsmg:
i) at least one monomeric unit comprising an amide moiety;
ii) at least one monomeric unit comprising an N-oxide moiety;
iii) and mixtures thereof;
c) optionally from about 1%, preferably from about 10%, more preferably from about 20% to about 80%, preferably to about 60%, more preferably to about 45%
by weight, of a fabric softening active;
d) optionally less than about 15% by weight, of a principal solvent, preferably said principal solvent has a ClogP of from about 0.15 to about l;
e) optionally from about 0.001 % to about 90% by weight, of one or more dye fixing agents;
g) optionally from about 0.01% to about SO% by weight, of one or more cellulose reactive dye fixing agents;
g) optionally from about 0.01% to about 15% by weight, of a chlorine scavenger;
h) optionally about 0.005% to about 1 % by weight, of one or more crystal growth inhibitors;
i) optionally from about 1% to about 12% by weight, of one or more liquid carriers;
j) optionally from about 0.001 % to about 1% by weight, of an enzyme;
k) optionally from about 0.01% to about 8% by weight, of a polyolefm emulsion or suspension;
1) optionally from about 0.01% to about 0.2% by weight, of a stabilizer;
m) optionally from about 0.01% by weight, of one or more linear or cyclic polyamines which provide bleach protection; and n) the balance carrier and adjunct ingredients.
The present invention also relates to a method for providing reduced fabric abrasion to fabric, said method comprising the step of contacting said fabric with a composition which comprises from about 0.01% by weight, of the herein described modified polyamine fabric enhancement system.
A further aspect of the present invention provides a method for enhancing the color fidelity of fabric while reducing the damage to fabric due to the interaction of laundry adjunct ingredients and damage due to mechanical wear. This method comprises the step of contacting an article of fabric with the compositions of the present invention in an aqueous solution.

The present invention further provides laundry pre-soak compositions which are used to pre-treat fabric which have not been previously treated with a composition of the present invention. The disclosed pre-treatment compositions provide fabric and fabric color protection though the wash to the treated articles.
These and other objects, features and advantages will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art from a reading of the following detailed description and the appended claims. All percentages, ratios and proportions herein are by weight, unless otherwise specified.
All temperatures are in degrees Celsius (° C) unless otherwise specified. All documents cited are in relevant part, incorporated herein by reference.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to fabric enhancement compositions which comprise from about 0.01 %, preferably from about 0.1 %, more preferably from 0.25%, most preferably from about 0.5% to about 20%, preferably to about 10%, more preferably to about 5%
by weight, of a fabric enhancement system. Said fabric enhancement system is comprised of one or more modified polyamine compounds. The fabric care and/or fabric enhancement compositions may take any form, for example, solids (i.e., powders, granules, extrudates), gels, thixotropic liquids, liquids (i.e., dispersions, isotropic solutions), preferably the rinse-added fabric conditioning compositions take the form of liquid dispersions or isotropic liquids.
For the purposes of the present invention the terms "fabric enhancement" and "fabric care" are used interchangeable throughout the present specification and stand equally well for one another. Fabric enhancement/fabric care is achieved when the properties inter alia color, fiber integrity of the garment are conserved. An additional benefit realized by the use of the compositions of the present invention is a reversion of much of the damage which has occurred to fabric which has never been treated with the herein described fabric enhancement compositions.
Fabric Enhancement System The fabric enhancement system of the present invention is comprised of one or more modified polyamines according to the present invention. The modified polyamines of the present invention which comprise the fabric enhancement system may be formulated as an admixture wherein a proportional amount of two or more compounds are combined to make up the fabric enhancement system. Alternatively, the formulator may adjust the reaction conditions which form the modified polyamines of the present invention in order to create an admixture of suitable ingredients inter alia an admixture of polyamine fragments and/or partially crosslinked modified polyamines. Whether a formulated admixture or a product by process is used, or a mixture of both, the compounds which comprise the fabric enhancement compositions of the present invention have the formula:
i) (PA)W(T)X;
ii) (PA)W(L)Z;

5 iii) [(PA)W(T)x]Y[L]Z;
wherein PA is a grafted or non-grafted, modified or unmodified polyamine backbone unit, T is an amide-forming polycarboxylic acid crosslinking unit, and L is a non-amide forming crosslinking unit. For compounds of type (i) and (iii) the relative amounts of PA units and T units which are present are such that the molar ratio of PA units to T units is from 0.8 : 1 to 1.5 : 1. For compounds of type (ii) the relative amounts of PA units and L units which are present are such that the (PA)W(L)Z comprises from about 0.05, preferably from about 0.3 to 2 parts by weight of said L units. Therefore, 1 part of a grafted or non-grafted, modified or unmodified polyamine backbone unit may be combined with from about 0.05, preferably from about 0.3 parts by weight of an L unit to about 2 parts by weight of an L unit to form a suitable modified polyamine compound. Likewise, for compounds of type (iii), crosslinked polyamines having the formula (PA)W(T)a may be combined with from about 0.05, preferably from about 0.3 parts by weight of an L unit to about 2 parts by weight of an L unit to form a suitable modified polyamine compound having the formula [(PA)W(T)X]Y[L)Z.
Polvamine Backbone~PA units) The modified polyamine compounds of the present invention comprise a Polyamine Backbone, PA unit, which can be optionally, but preferably grafted. The following are non-limiting examples of suitable PA units according to the present invention.
Polyalkyleneimine A preferred PA unit according to the present invention are polyalkyleneimines and polyalkyleneamines having the general formula:
H B
[HZN-R]W [N-R]X [N-R]y NH2 wherein R is C,-C,, linear alkylene, C3-C,~ branched alkylene, and mixtures thereof; B
representing a continuation of the chain structure by branching. The indices w, x, and y have various values depending upon such factors as molecular weight and relative degree of branching. The polyalkyleneimines and polyalkyleneamines which comprise PA
units of the present invention are divided into three categories based upon relative molecular weight. The terms polyalkyleneimine and polyalkyleneamine are used interchangeably throughout the present specification and are taken to mean polyamines having the general formula indicated above regardless of method of preparation.
Low Molecular Wei hg t Polyalkyleneimines For low molecular weight polyalkyleneimines having the formula:
S
H B
LHzN- R~ W LI'1- R~x L1'I- Ray ~z R is CZ-C,, linear alkylene, C3-C,~ branched alkylene, and mixtures thereof;
preferably R is ethylene, 1,3-propylene, and 1,6-hexylene, more preferred is ethylene. The indices w, x, and y are such that the molecular weight of said polyamines does not exceed about 600 daltons. For example, for an entirely linear polyethyleneimine having a molecular weight of about 600 daltons, the index w = 1, x = 13, and y = 0. For an entirely branched polyethyleneimine having a molecular weight of approximately 600 daltons, w = 8, x = 0 and y =7. (This combination of indices results in a material having an average molecular weight of about 646 daltons, which, for the purposes of the present invention is a low molecular weight polyalkyleneimine.) The index w 1 S typically has the value of y + 1. The simplest of the low molecular weight polyamines of this type is ethylene diamine which may be present up to about 10% by weight of the PA unit mixture. Non-limiting examples of low molecular weight polyalkyleneimine PA
units include diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, dipropylene triamine, tripropylene tetramine, and dihexamethylene triamine. PA units may be used as crude products or mixtures, and if desired by the formulator, these PA units may be used in the presence of small amounts of diamines as described herein above, wherein the amount of diamines, inter alia, ethylene diamine, hexamethylene diamine may be present up to about 10% by weight, of the PA
unit mixture.
Medium Range Molecular Wei hg t Pol~yleneimines 2S For medium range molecular weight polyalkyleneimines having the formula:
H B
~HzN- R~ W L1'1- R~ X L1'1- Rly NHz R is C~-C4 linear alkylene, C3-C4 branched alkylene, and mixtures thereof;
preferably R is ethylene, 1,3-propylene, and mixtures thereof, more preferred is ethylene wherein said polyamines are polyethyleneimines (PEI's). The indices w, x, and y are such that the molecular weight of said polyamines is from about 600 daltons to about 50,000 daltons.
The indices w, x, and y will indicate not only the molecular weight of the polyalkyleneimines but also the degree of branching present in the PA unit backbone.

~h Molecular Wei hg t Pol~kyleneimines For high molecular weight polyalkyleneimines having the formula:
H B
~H2N-R~w ~- R~x ~- R~y ~2 R is C~-C3 linear alkylene, preferably R is ethylene. The indices w, x, and y are such that the molecular weight of said polyamines is from about 50,000 daltons to about 1,000,000 (1 million) daltons. The indices w, x, and y will indicate not only the molecular weight of the polyalkyleneimines but also the degree of branching present in the PA unit backbone.
Co~olymeric Polyamines Another example of a preferred PA unit according to the present invention are the polyvinyl amine homo-polymers or co-polymers having the formula:
~2 --EV CHZCH
m n wherein V is a co-monomer, non-limiting examples of which include vinyl amides, vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl imidazole, vinyl esters, vinyl alcohols, and mixtures thereof all of which can be taken together or in combination with polyvinyl amine to form suitable co-polymerization products suitable for use in the fabric enhancement systems of the present invention. The indices m and n are such that the copolymers comprise at least 10%, more preferably at least about 30%
of units derived from vinyl amine and wherein further the molecular weight of said copolymers if from about 500 daltons, preferably from about 5,000 daltons to about 50,000 daltons, preferably to about 20,000 daltons.
Polvamine Backbone Modifications Optionally, but preferably, the PA units of the present invention are modified either before or after reaction with a T unit or L unit crosslinking agent. The two preferred types of modifications are grafting and capping.
Preferably the PA units of the present invention are grafted, that is the PA
unit is further reacted with a reagent which elongates said PA unit chain, preferably by reaction of the nitrogens of the PA backbone unit with one or more equivalents of aziridine (ethyleneimine), caprolactam, and mixtures thereof. Grafting units, in contrast to the "capping" units described herein below, can further react on themselves to provide PA unit chain propagation. An example of a preferred grafted PA unit of the present invention has the formula:

G B
[G2N- R] W LI'1- R] X Ll'1- R]y NG2 wherein R, B, w, x, and y are the same as defined herein above and G is hydrogen or an extension of the PA unit backbone by grafting. Non-limiting examples of preferred grafting agents are aziridine (ethyleneimine), caprolactam, and mixtures thereof. A preferred grafting agent is aziridine wherein the backbone is extended by units having the formula:
B~
I
-[CH2CHZNH]p[CHZCH2N]qCH2CH2NH2 wherein B' is a continuation by branching wherein the graft does not exceed about 12 units, preferably -CHzCH2NH2 and the value of the indices p + q have the value from 0, preferably from about l, more preferably from about 2 to about 7, preferably to about 5.
Another preferred grafting unit is caprolactam.
The PA units of the present invention can be grafted prior to or after crosslinking with one or more T units described herein below, preferably the grafting is accomplished after crosslinking with said T unit. This allows the formulator to take advantage of the differential reactivity between the primary and secondary amino units of the PA unit backbone thereby allowing the formulator to controllably link said PA units and to also control the amount of subsequent branching which results from the grafting step.
Another optional but preferred PA unit modification is the presence of "capping" units.
For example, a PA unit is reacted with an amount of a monocarboxylic acid, non-limiting examples of which are C,-C2, linear or branched alkyl, preferably C,o-C,g linear alkyl hater alia lauric acid, myristic acid. The amount of capping unit which is reacted with the PA unit is an amount which is sufficient to achieve the desired properties of the formula.
However, the amount of capping unit used is not sufficient to abate any further crosslinking or grafting which the formulator may choose to perform.
Crosslinkin~ Units Amide-forming T Crosslinkin~ Units T crosslinking units are preferably carbonyl comprising polyamido forming units. The T
units are taken together with PA units to form crosslinked modified polyamine compounds having the formula (PA)w,(T)~ or [(PA)W(T)X]Y[L]Z.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention includes crosslinked PA units wherein a T unit provides crosslinking between two or more PA units to form a (PA),~(T)X polyamido crosslinked section. A preferred crosslinking T unit has the general formula:

O O
-C-(RZ)~-(R~)k-(RZ)j C
wherein R' is methylene, phenylene, and mixtures thereof; preferably methylene. The index k has the value from 2 to about 8, preferably to about 4. Preferred values of k are 2, 3, and 4. RZ is -S NH- thereby forming a urethane amide linkage when said R'- comprising T
units react with the backbone nitrogens of the PA units. The value of the index j is independently 0 or 1. The presence of R-' units can result, for example, from the use of diisocyanates as crosslinking agents.
Non-limiting examples of dibasic acids which are used as a source for T units in the above formula include succinic acid, malefic acid, adipic acid, glutaric acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, and terephthalic acid. However, the formulator is not limited to crosslinking T units deriving from dibasic acids, for example, tribasic crosslinking T units, inter alia, citl-ate, may be used to link the PA units of the present invention.
Examples of (PA)W(T),~ compounds according to the present invention are obtained by condensation of dicarboxylic acids irater alia succinic acid, malefic acid, adipic acid, terephthalic acid, with polyalkylene polyamines intef° alia diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, dipropylenetriamine, tripropylenetetramine wherein the ratio of the dicarboxylic acid to polyalkyleneamine is from 1:0.8 to 1:1.5 moles, preferably a ratio of from I
:0.9 to 1:1.2 moles wherein the resulting crosslinked material has a viscosity in a 50% by weight, aqueous solution of more than 100 centipoise at 25 °C.
Non-amide Forming L Crosslinking Units Another preferred embodiment of the polyamines of the present invention are (PA)",(T)c units which are further crosslinked by L units to form polyamido amines having the formula [(PA)W(T)t]y,[L], or are reacted with PA units to form non-amide polyamines having the formula (PA)W(L)Z~
The L units of the present invention are any unit which suitably crosslinks PA
units or (PA)",(T)~ units. Preferred L linking units comprise units which are derived from the use of epihalohydrins, preferably epichlorohydrin, as a crosslinking agent. The epihalohydrins can be used directly with the PA units or suitably combined with other crosslinking adjuncts non-limiting examples of which include alkyleneglycols, and polyalkylene polyglycols itzter alia ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexanediol-1,6-glycerol, oligoglycerol, pentaerythrites, polyols which are obtained by the reduction of carbohydrates (sorbitol, mannitol), monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, polyvinyl alcohols, and mixtures thereof.

For example, a suitable L unit is a dodecylene unit having the formula:
-(CHZ) 12-wherein an equivalent of 1,12-dichlorododecane is reacted, for example, with a suitable amount 5 of a PA unit to produce a polyamine which is crosslinked via dodecylene units. For the purposes of the present invention, L crosslinking units which comprise only carbon and hydrogen are considered to be "hydrocarbyl" L units. Preferred hydrocarbyl units are polyalkylene units have the formula:

10 -(CH2)n~
wherein n is from 1 to about 50.
Hydrocarbyl L units may be derived from hydrocarbons having two units which are capable of reacting with the nitrogen of the PA units. Non-limiting examples of precursors which result in the formation of hydrocarbyl L units include 1,6-dibromohexane, 1,8-ditosyloctane, and 1,14-dichlorotetradecane.
Further examples of preferred non-amide forming crosslinking L units are the units which derive from crosslinking units wherein epihalohydrin is used as the connecting unit. For example, 1,12-dihydroxydodecane is reacted with epichlorohydrin to form the bis-epoxide non-amide forming L unit precursor having the formula:
OI,-CH20-(CH2)IZ-OCH2--O
which when reacted with one or more PA units or (PA)W(T)~ units results in an L crosslinking unit having the formula:
-CH2- i H-CH20-(CHZ)i2-OCHZ- i H-CH2-OH OH
however, it is not necessary to pre-form and isolate the bis-epoxide, instead the crosslinking unit precursor may be formed in situ by reaction of 1,12-dihydroxydodecane or other suitable precursor unit with epihalohydrin in the presence of grafted or ungrafted PA
units or (PA)W(T)x units.
Other crosslinking L units which utilize one or more epihalohydrin connecting units include polyalkyleneoxy L units having the formula:

CH2- i H-CHZ-O(Rl0),~R20)y-CH2- i H-CH2-OH OH
wherein R' is ethylene, Rz is 1,2-propylene, x is from 0 to 100 and y is from 0 to 100.
Another preferred unit which can comprise an L unit and which can be suitably combined with epihalohydrin connecting units include polyhydroxy units having the formula:
OH
-CH2- i H-CHZ-O(CHZ)t(CH)u0-CH2- i H-CH2-OH OH
wherein the index t is from at least 2 to about 20 and the index a is from 1 to about 6. The formulator may also combine units to form hybrid L crosslinking units, for example, units having the formula:
OH
-CHZ- i H-CH2 O(CHZ)t(CH)uO O(R1O)x(R2O)y CH2°CH-CHZ
OH W L yL off wherein the indexes w and y are each independently from 1 to 50, z is units are present in a sufficient to suitably connect the polyhydroxy units and the polyalkyleneoxy units into the backbone without the formation of ether linkages.
The following is an example of an L linking group which comprises both a polyalkyleneoxy and a polyhydroxy unit.
OH i HZOH
-CHZ i HCHZ-OCHZCH i HCHCHO-CHZ i HCHZ-O(CH2CH20)4-CHZ i HCH2 OH OH OH OH
A further example of a preferred crosslinking L units are units which comprises at least two aziridine groups as connecting groups, for example an L unit having the formula:
O O
C N-CHZCHZ-NH-C-(CH2)0.~-C-NH-CHZCHZ-N
which can be used to link two (PA)W units, two (PA)";(T)X units, or mixtures thereof.
The polyamines of the present invention may have varying final compositions, for example, (PA)",(T)" [(PA)W(T),]y,[L]Z, [(PA)]w,[L]Z, and mixtures thereof, wherein each PA unit may be grafted or ungrafted. The indices w and x have values such that the ratio of w to x is from 0.8 : 1 to 1.5 : 1; y and z have values such that said polyamido compound comprises from about 0.05, preferably to about 0.3 to 2 parts by weight of said L unit. In the cases wherein no crosslinking takes place the indices w and y will be equal to 1 and x and z will be equal to 0. In the case wherein no crosslinking occurs using L units, the index y is equal to 1 and z is equal to 0. In the case wherein no crosslinking occurs using T units, the indices w and y are equal to 1 and x is equal to 0.
An preferred embodiment of the present invention which comprises PA units, T
units, and L units includes the reaction product of:
a) 1 part by weight, of a polyamine obtained by condensation of 1 mole of a dicarboxylic acid with a polyalkylene polyamine (i.e., diethylenetriamine) to the extent wherein at least about 10% of the -NH backbone hydrogens are unmodified by reaction with said dicarboxylic acid, then optionally reacting the obtained polyamine condensation product with up to 12 ethyleneimine units (i.e., grafting of the backbone using aziridine) per basic nitrogen atom; and b) further reacting the product obtained in (a) with from 0.05, preferably from about 0.3 to about 2 parts by weight, of an L units, itzter alia the reaction product of a polyalkylene oxide having from 8 to 100 alkylene oxide units with epichlorohydrin at a temperature of from about 20 °C to about 100 °C.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention are the water-soluble condensation products which can be obtained by the reaction of:
a) polyalkyleneimines and polyalkyleneimines grafted with ethyleneimines, and mixtures thereof; with b) at least bifunctional halogen-free cross-linking agents, said agents selected from the group consisting of:
i) ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, urea, and mixtures thereof;
ii) mono-carboxylic acids comprising one olefin moiety inter alia acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid; and the esters, amides, and anhydrides thereof; polycarboxylic acids inter alia oxalic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, itaconic acid, malefic acid; and the esters, amides, and anhydrides thereof;
iii) reaction products of polyetherdiamines, alkylenediamines, polyalkylene-diamines, and mixtures thereof, with mono-carboxylic acids comprising one olefin moiety wherein the resulting polyamine comprises a functional units which is selected from the group consisting of at least two ethylenically unsaturated double bonds, carbonamide, carboxyl group, ester group, and mixtures thereof;
iv) at least two aziridine group-containing reaction products of dicarboxylic acid esters with ethyleneimine and mixtures of the cross-linking agents.
However, prior to reaction of (PA)W(T),~ units formed herein above, the (PA),~(T)X
polyamine compound may be partially amidated ("capped" as described herein above) by treatment with a mono carboxylic acid or the esters of mono carboxylic acids.
The formulator may vary the degree to which the backbone nitrogens are amidated according to the desired properties of the final Fabric Enhancement Polymer. Non-limiting examples of suitable mono-carboxylic acids include formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, behenic acid, and mixtures thereof.
The high molecular weight modified polyamine condensation products of the present invention (also referred to herein as "resins") are preferably formed from the reaction of one or more grafted, cross-linked polyethyleneimines and one or more polyethylene and/or polypropylene glycol copolymers, wherein the resulting crosslinked modified polyamines (resins) have a final viscosity of more than or equal to 300 mPa-sec., preferably from 400 to 2,500 mPa-sec. when measured at 20° C in a 20% aqueous solution. The modified polyamine compounds of the present invention are suitably described in U.S. 3,642,572 Eadres et al., issued February 15, 1972, U.S. 4,144,123 Scharf et al., issued March 13, 1979 and U.S. 4,371,674 Hertel et al., issued February 1, 1983, NE 6,612,293, DT 1,946,471, DT 36386, DT 733,973, DE
1,771,814, all of which are included herein by reference.
FABRIC CARE COMPOSITIONS
The present invention relates to fabric care compositions which comprise:
a) from about 0.01 %, preferably from about 0.1 % to about 20%, preferably to about 10% by weight, of a fabric enhancement system according to the present invention;
b) optionally from about 0.01% by weight, of a fabric abrasion polymer comprising:
i) at least one monomeric unit comprising an amide moiety;
ii) at least one monomeric unit comprising an N-oxide moiety;
iii) and mixtures thereof;

c) optionally from about 1%, preferably from about 10%, more preferably from about 20% to about 80%, preferably to about 60%, more preferably to about 45%
by weight, of a fabric softening active;
d) optionally less than about 15% by weight, of a principal solvent, preferably said principal solvent has a ClogP of from about 0.15 to about 1;
e) optionally from about 0.001% to about 90% by weight, of one or more dye fixing agents;
g) optionally from about 0.01 % to about 50% by weight, of one or more cellulose reactive dye fixing agents;
h) optionally from about 0.01% to about 15% by weight, of a chlorine scavenger;
i) optionally about 0.005% to about 1% by weight, of one or more crystal growth inhibitors;
j) optionally from about 1% to about 12% by weight, of one or more liquid carriers;
k) optionally from about 0.001 % to about 1 % by weight, of an enzyme;
1) optionally from about 0.01% to about 8% by weight, of a polyolefin emulsion or suspension;
m) optionally from about 0.01 % to about 0.2% by weight, of a stabilizer;
n) optionally from about 0.01 % by weight, of one or more linear or cyclic polyamines which provide bleach protection; and o) the balance carrier and adjunct ingredients.
One aspect of the fabric enhancement systems of the present invention is the combination of the enhancement system and a cationic fabric softening active. A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides for rinse-added compositions which comprise:
a) from about 0.01 % by weight, of a fabric enhancement system, said fabric enhancement system comprising one or more modified polyamine compounds, said modified polyamine compounds are selected from:
i) (PA),~(T)X;
ii) (PA)W(L)Z~
iii) [(PA)W(T)a]Y[L]Z; and iv) mixtures thereof;
wherein PA is a grafted or non-grafted, modified or unmodified polyamine backbone unit, T is an amide-forming polycarboxylic acid crosslinking unit, and L is a non-amide forming crosslinking unit; provided that for compounds of type (i) and (iii) the indices w and x have values such that the ratio of w to x is from 0.8 : 1 to 1.5 : 1; for compounds of type (ii) the indices w and z have values such that said modified polyamine compound comprises from about 0.05, preferably from about 0.3 to 2 parts by weight of said L unit; for compounds of type (iii) the indices y and z have values such that said modified polyamine compound comprises from about 0.05, preferably from about 0.3 to 2 parts by weight of said L unit;
b) an effective amount of a cationic fabric softener active as described herein below; and c) the balance carriers and adjunct ingredients.
10 For the purposes of the present invention the term "effective amount" of a fabric softener active may vary depending upon the execution of the fabric softener formulation. Certain embodiments may comprise from 6% to about 9%, preferably about 8% by weight, of a fabric softener active, while isotropic liquid embodiments may comprise from about 28% to bout 45%
by weight of a cationic softener active. Other embodiments may comprise amounts between the 15 two ranges.
The fabric care compositions of the present invention comprise one or more modified polyamine compounds as described herein. For the purposes of the present invention the term "fabric care compositions" is defined as "a composition which provides care to the fabric non-limiting examples of which include stand-alone compositions, detergent additives, fabric softening compositions inter alia rinse-added softening composition, dryer-added softening compositions". The compositions of the present invention provide an efficient fabric abrasion reduction. The term "efficient fabric abrasion reduction" is defined herein as "fabric which has been treated by the herein described compositions have an improved appearance relative to fabrics which have been un-treated by the herein disclosed compositions.
The following are non-limiting examples of ingredients which can be combined with the modified polyamine compounds of the present invention.
Fabric Abrasion Reducing Polymers The compositions of the present invention comprise from about 0.01 %, preferably from about 0.1 % to about 20%, preferably to about 10% by weight, of a fabric abrasion reducing polymer.
The prefered reduced abrasion polymers of the present invention are water-soluble polymers. For the purposes of the present invention the term "water-soluble"
is defined as "a polymer which when dissolved in water at a level of 0.2% by weight, or less, at 25° C, forms a clear, isotropic liquid".

The fabric abrasion reducing polymers useful in the present invention have the formula:
[-P~D)m ]n wherein the unit P is a polymer backbone which comprises units which are homopolymeric or copolymeric. D units are defined herein below. For the purposes of the present invention the term "homopolymeric" is defined as "a polymer backbone which is comprised of units having the same unit composition, i.e., formed from polymerization of the same monomer".
For the purposes of the present invention the term "copolymeric" is defined as "a polymer backbone which is comprised of units having a different unit composition, i.e., formed from the polymerization of two or more monomers".
P backbones preferably comprise units having the formula:
-[CRZ-CR2]- or -[(CR2)X L]-wherein each R unit is independently hydrogen, C,-C,2 alkyl, C6-C,2 aryl, and D units as described herein below; preferably C,-C4 alkyl.
Each L unit is independently selected from heteroatom-containing moieties, non-limiting examples of which are selected from the group consisting of:
i R O O O O
-N- -O- -O-C- -C-O- -O-C-O- -C
> > > > >
O O O O O
S ' S ' II ' O II ' (I O ' O II O
O O O O
polysiloxane having the formula:

O Si-O

p wherein the index p is from 1 to about 6; units which have dye transfer inhibition activity:

R O O

-N- -N-C- -C-N-9 f and mixtures thereof; wherein R' is hydrogen, C,-C,, alkyl, C6-C,, aryl, and mixtures thereof. R' is C,-C,Z alkyl, C,-C,2 alkoxy, C6-C,~ aryloxy, and mixtures thereof;
preferably methyl and methoxy. R3 is hydrogen C,-C,~ alkyl, C~-C,~ aryl, and mixtures thereof;
preferably hydrogen or S C,-C., alkyl, more preferably hydrogen. R4 is C,-C,~ alkyl, C6-C,, aryl, and mixtures thereof.
The backbones of the fabric abrasion reducing polymers of the present invention comprise one or more D units which are units which comprise one or more units which provide a dye transfer inhibiting benefit. The D unit can be part of the backbone itself as represented in the general formula:
[ P~D)ni ]n or the D unit may be incorporated into the backbone as a pendant group to a backbone unit having, for example, the formula:
- [ i R-CR2]- or - [( i R)X L]
D D
However, the number of D units depends upon the formulation. For example, the number of D
units will be adjusted to provide water solubility of the polymer as well as efficacy of dye transfer inhibition while providing a polymer which has fabric abrasion reducing properties. The molecular weight of the fabric abrasion reducing polymers of the present invention are from about 500, preferably from about 1,000, more preferably from about 100,000 most preferably from 160,000 to about 6,000,000, preferably to about 2,000,000, more preferably to about 1,000,000, yet more preferably to about 500,000, most preferably to about 360,000 daltons.
Therefore the value of the index n is selected to provide the indicated molecular weight, and providing for a water solubility of least 100 ppm, preferably at least about 300 ppm, and more preferably at least about 1,000 ppm in water at ambient temperature which is defined herein as 25°C.
Polymers Comprising Amide Units Non-limiting examples of preferred D units are D units which comprise an amide moiety.
Examples of polymers wherein an amide unit is introduced into the polymer via a pendant group includes polyvinylpyrrolidone having the formula:

-[ i H-CH2~n N
~~O
polyvinyloxazolidone having the formula:
-[ i H-CH2~ri N
~O
O
polyvinylmethyloxazolidone having the formula:
-[ i H-CHzln-N
~O
O

polyacrylamides and N-substituted polyacrylamides having the formula:
-[ i H-CH2~n-C=O
N(R)2 wherein each R' is independently hydrogen, C,-C~; alkyl, or both R' units can be taken together to form a ring comprising 4-6 carbon atoms; polymethacrylamides and N-substituted polymethacrylamides having the general formula:

-[ i -CH2~ri C=O
N(R)2 wherein each R' is independently hydrogen, C,-C6 alkyl, or both R' units can be taken together to form a ring comprising 4-6 carbon atoms; poly(N-acrylylglycinamide) having the formula:

- (CH-CH2]ri C=O O
NH-CH2-C-N(R')z wherein each R' is independently hydrogen, C,-C6 alkyl, or both R' units can be taken together to form a ring comprising 4-6 carbon atoms; poly(N-methacrylylglycinamide) having the formula:
~H3 -( i -CH2]n~
C=O O
~-CH2-C-N(R~)2 wherein each R' is independently hydrogen, C,-C~ alkyl, or both R' units can be taken together to form a ring comprising 4-6 carbon atoms; polyvinylurethanes having the formula:
-[ i H-CH2]n O
C=O
N(R~)z wherein each R' is independently hydrogen, C,-C~, alkyl, or both R' units can be taken together to form a ring comprising 4-6 carbon atoms.
An example of a D unit wherein the nitrogen of the dye transfer inhibiting moiety is incorporated into the polymer backbone is a poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) having the formula:
-[CH2-CHZ-N]p C=O

wherein the index n indicates the number of monomer residues present.
The fabric abrasion reducing polymers of the present invention can comprise any mixture of dye transfer inhibition units which provides the product with suitable properties.
The preferred polymers which comprise D units which are amide moieties are those which have the nitrogen atoms of the amide unit highly substituted so the nitrogen atoms are in effect shielded to a varying degree by the surrounding non-polar groups. This provides the polymers with an amphiphilic character. Non-limiting examples include polyvinyl-pyrrolidones, polyvinyloxazolidones, N,N-disubstituted polyacrylamides, and N,N-disubstituted polymethacrylamides. A detailed description of physico-chemical properties of some of these polymers are given in "Water-Soluble Synthetic Polymers: Properties and Behavior", Philip Molyneux, Vol. I, CRC Press, (1983) included herein by reference.
The amide containing polymers may be present partially hydrolyzed and/or crosslinked forms. A preferred polymeric compound for the present invention is polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). This polymer has an amphiphilic character with a highly polar amide group conferring hydrophilic and polar-attracting properties, and also has non-polar methylene and methine groups, in the backbone and/or the ring, conferring hydrophobic properties.
The rings may also provide planar alignment with the aromatic rings in the dye molecules. PVP is readily soluble in aqueous and organic solvent systems. PVP is available ex ISP, Wayne, New Jersey, and BASF
10 Corp., Parsippany, New Jersey, as a powder or aqueous solutions in several viscosity grades, designated as, e.g., K-12, K-15, K-25, and K-30. These K-values indicate the viscosity average molecular weight, as shown below:
PVP viscosity average K-12 K-15 K-25 K-30 K-60 K-90 molecular weight (in thousands 2.5 10 24 40 160 360 of daltons) IS PVP K-12, K-15, and K-30 are also available ex Polysciences, Inc.
Warrington, Pennsylvania, PVP K-15, K-25, and K-30 and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) are available ex Aldrich Chemical Co., Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin. PVP K30 (40,000) through to K90 (360,000) are also commercially available ex BASF under the tradename Luviskol or commercially available ex ISP. Still higher molecular PVP like PVP 1.3MM, commercially available ex Aldrich is also suitable for use 20 herein. Yet further PVP-type of material suitable for use in the present invention are polyvinylpyrrolidone-co-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, commercially available commercially ex ISP in a quaternised form under the tradename Gafquat~ or commercially available ex Aldrich Chemical Co. having a molecular weight of approximately 1.OMM;
polyvinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate, available ex BASF under the tradename Luviskol a , available in vinylpyrrolidone:vinylacetate ratios of from 3:7 to 7:3.
Polymers Comprising.N-oxide Units Another D unit which provides dye transfer inhibition enhancement to the fabric abrasion reducing polymers described herein, are N-oxide units having the formula:
O
RI- ~ -Rs RZ

wherein R', R'-, and R3 can be any hydrocarbyl unit (for the purposes of the present invention the term "hydrocarbyl" does not include hydrogen atom alone). The N-oxide unit may be part of a polymer, such as a polyamine, i.e., polyalkyleneamine backbone, or the N-oxide may be part of a pendant group attached to the polymer backbone. An example of a polymer which comprises an the N-oxide unit as a part of the polymer backbone is polyethyleneimine N-oxide. Non-limiting examples of groups which can comprise an N-oxide moiety include the N-oxides of certain heterocycles inter alia pyridine, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, pyrrolidone, azolidine, morpholine. A preferred polymer is poly(4-vinylpyriding N-oxide, PVNO). In addition, the N-oxide unit may be pendant to the ring, for example, aniline oxide.
N-oxide comprising polymers of the present invention will preferably have a ration of N-oxidized amine nitrogen to non-oxidized amine nitrogen of from about 1:0 to about 1:2, preferably to about 1:1, more preferably to about 3:1. The amount of N-oxide units can be adjusted by the formulator. For example, the formulator may co-polymerize N-oxide comprising monomers with non N-oxide comprising monomers to arrive at the desired ratio of N-oxide to non N-oxide amino units, or the formulator may control the oxidation level of the polymer during preparation. The amine oxide unit of the polyamine N-oxides of the present invention have a Pkd less than or equal to 10, preferably less than or equal to 7, more preferably less than or equal to 6.
The average molecular weight of the N-oxide comprising polymers which provide a dye transfer inhibitor benefit to reduced fabric abrasion polymers is from about 500 daltons, preferably from about 100,000 daltons, more preferably from about 160,000 daltons to about 6,000,000 daltons, preferably to about 2,000,000 daltons, more preferably to about 360,000 daltons.
Polymers Comprising Amide Units and N-oxide Units A further example of polymers which are fabric abrasion reducing polymers which have dye transfer inhibition benefits are polymers which comprise both amide units and N-oxide units as described herein above. Non-limiting examples include co-polymers of two monomers wherein the first monomer comprises an amide unit and the second monomer comprises an N-oxide unit. In addition, oligomers or block polymers comprising these units can be taken together to form the mixed amidelN-oxide polymers. However, the resulting polymers must retain the water solubility requirements described herein above.
Molecular wei r~ht For all the above described fabric abrasion reducing polymers of the invention, it is most preferred that they have a molecular weight in the range as described herein above. This range is typically higher than the range for polymers which render only dye transfer inhibition benefits alone. Indeed, the higher molecular weight of the abrasion reducing polymers provides for reduction of fabric abrasion which typically occurs subsequent to treatment, for example during garment use, especially in a later washing procedure. Not to be bound by theory, it is believed that the high molecular weight enables the deposition of the polymer on the fabric surface and provides sufficient substantivity so that the polymer is capable of remaining on the fabric during subsequent use and subsequent laundering of the fabric. Further, it is believed that for a given charge density, increasing the molecular weight will increase the substantivity of the polymer to the fabric surface. Ideally the balance of charge density and molecular weight will provide both a sufficient rate of deposition onto the fabric surface and a sufficient attraction to the fabric during subsequent wash cycles. Increasing molecular weight is considered preferable to increasing charge density as it allows a greater choice in the range of materials which can provide the desired benefit and avoids the negative impact that increasing charge density may have inter alia the attraction of soil and residue onto treated fabrics. It should be noted, however, that a similar benefit may be predicted from the approach of increasing charge density while retaining a lower molecular weight material.
Dve Fixing A ents The compositions of the present invention optionally comprise from about 0.001%, preferably from about 0.5% to about 90%, preferably to about 50%, more preferably to about 10%, most preferably to about 5% by weight, of one or more dye fixing agents.
Dye fixing agents, or "fixatives", are well-known, commercially available materials which are designed to improve the appearance of dyed fabrics by minimizing the loss of dye from fabrics due to washing. Not included within this deEnition are components which can in some embodiments serve as fabric softener actives.
Many dye fixing agents are cationic, and are based on quaternized nitrogen compound or on nitrogen compounds having a strong cationic charge which is formed in sitcc under the conditions of usage. Cationic fixatives a_re available under various trade names from several suppliers. Representative examples include: CROSCOLOR PMF (July 1981, Code No.
7894) and CROSCOLOR NOFF (January 1988, Code No. 8544) ex Crosfield; INDOSOL E-50 (February 27, 1984, Ref. No. 6008.35.84; polyethyleneamine-based) ex Sandoz;
SANDOFIX
TPS, ex Sandoz, is a preferred dye fixative for use herein. Additional non-limiting examples include SANDOFIX SWE (a cationic resinous compound) ex Sandoz, REWIN SRF, REWIN
SRF-O and REWIN DWR ex CHT-Beitlich GMBH; Tinofix~ ECO, Tinofix0 FRD and SolfinO
ex Ciba-Geigy. A preferred dye fixing agent for use in the compositions of the present invention is CARTAFIX CB~ ex Clariant.
Other cationic dye fixing agents are described in "Afterneatments for Improving the Fastness of Dyes on Textile Fibres", Christopher C. Cook, Rev. Prog.
Coloration, Vol. XII, (1982). Dye fixing agents suitable for use in the present invention are ammonium compounds such as fatty acid-diamine condensates inter alia the hydrochloride, acetate, metosulphate and benzyl hydrochloride salts of diamine esters. Non-limiting examples include oleyldiethyl aminoethylamide, oleylmethyl diethylenediamine methosulphate, monostearylethylene S diaminotrimethylammonium methosulphate. In addition, the N-oxides of tertiary amines;
derivatives of polymeric alkyldiamines, polyamine-cyanuric chloride condensates, and aminated glycerol dichlorohydrins are suitable for use as dye fixatives in the compositions of the present invention.
Cellulose Reactive Dve Fixing Aged Another dye fixing agent suitable for use in the present invention are cellulose reactive dye fixing agents. The compositions of the present invention optionally comprise from about 0.01%, preferably from about 0.05%, more preferably from about 0.5% to about 50%, preferably to about 25%, more preferably to about 10% by weight, most preferably to about 5% by weight, of one or more cellulose reactive dye fixing agents. The cellulose reactive dye fixatives may be 1 S suitably combined with one or more dye fixatives described herein above in order to comprise a "dye fixative system".
The term "cellulose reactive dye fixing agent" is defined herein as "a dye fixative agent which reacts with the cellulose fibers upon application of heat or upon a heat treatment either in situ or by the formulator". The cellulose reactive dye fixing agents suitable for use in the present invention can be defined by the following test procedure.
Cellulose Reactivity Test (CRT) Four pieces of fabric which are capable of bleeding their dye (e.g. 10 x 10 cm of knitted cotton dyed with Direct Red 80) are selected. Two swatches are used as a first control and a second control, respectively. The two remaining swatches are soaked for 20 minutes in an aqueous solution containing 1% (w/w) of the cellulose reactive dye fixing agent to be tested. The swatches are removed and thoroughly dried. One of the treated swatches which has been thoroughly dried, is passed ten times through an ironing calender which is adjusted to a "linen fabric" temperature setting. The first control swatch is also passed ten times through an ironing calender on the same temperature setting.
All four swatches ( the two control swatches and the two treated swatches, one of each which has been treated by the ironing calender) are washed separately in Launder-O-Meter pots under typical conditions with a commercial detergent used at the recommended dosage for '/2 hour at 60°C, followed by a thorough rinsing of 4 times 200 ml of cold water and subsequently line dried.

Color fastness is then measured by comparing the DE values of a new untreated swatch with the four swatches which have undergone the testing. DE values, the computed color difference, is defined in ASTM D2244. In general, DE values relate to the magnitude and direction of the difference between two psychophysical color stimuli defined by tristimulus values, or by chromaticity coordinates and luminance factor, as computed by means of a specified set of color-difference equations defined in the CIE 1976 CIELAB
opponent-color space, the Hunter opponent-color space, the Friele-Mac Adam-Chickering color space or any equivalent color space. For the purposes of the present invention, the lower the DE value for a sample, the closer the sample is to the un-tested sample and the greater the color fastness benefit.
As the test relates to selection or a cellulose reactive dye fixing agent, if the DE value for the swatch treated in the ironing step has a value which is better than the two control swatches, the candidate is a cellulose reactive dye fixing agent for the purposes of the invention.
Typically cellulose reactive dye fixing agents are compounds which contain a cellulose reactive moiety, non limiting examples of these compounds include halogeno-triazines, vinyl sulphones, epichlorhydrine derivatives, hydroxyethylene urea derivatives, formaldehyde condensation products, polycarboxylates, glyoxal and glutaraldehyde derivatives, and mixtures thereof. Further examples can be found in "Textile Processing and Properties", Tyrone L. Vigo, at page 120 to 121, Elsevier (1997), which discloses specific electrophilic groups and their corresponding cellulose affinity.
Preferred hydroxyethylene urea derivatives include dimethyloldihydroxyethylene, urea, and dimethyl urea glyoxal. Preferred formaldehyde condensation products include the condensation products derived from formaldehyde and a group selected from an amino-group, an imino-group, a phenol group, an urea group, a cyanamide group and an aromatic group.
Commercially available compounds among this class are Sandofix WE 56 ex Clariant, Zetex E
ex Zeneca and Levogen BF ex Bayer. Preferred polycarboxylates derivatives include butane tetracarboxilic acid derivatives, citric acid derivatives, polyacrylates and derivatives thereof. A
most preferred cellulosic reactive dye fixing agents is one of the hydroxyethylene urea derivatives class commercialized under the tradename of Indosol CR ex Clariant. Still other most preferred cellulosic reactive dye fixing agents are commercialized under the tradename Rewin DWR and Rewin WBS ex CHT R. Beitlich.
Chlorine Scaven ers The compositions of the present invention optionally comprise from about 0.01%, preferably from about 0.02%, more preferably from about 0.25% to about 15%, preferably to about 10%, more preferably to about 5% by weight, of a chlorine scavenger. In cases wherein the canon portion and the anion portion of the non-polymeric scavenger each react with chlorine, the amount of scavenger can be adjusted to fit the needs of the formulator.
Suitable chlorine scavengers include ammonium salts having the formula:
5 L(R)3R11'l] + X -wherein each R is independently hydrogen, C,-C4 alkyl, C,-C4 substituted alkyl, and mixtures thereof, preferably R is hydrogen or methyl, more preferably hydrogen. R' is hydrogen C,-C9 alkyl, C,-C~ substituted alkyl, and mixtures thereof, preferably R is hydrogen. X is a compatible anion, non-limiting examples include chloride, bromide, citrate, sulfate;
preferably X is chloride.
10 Non-limiting examples of preferred chlorine scavengers includ ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, and mixtures thereof; preferably ammonium chloride.
Crystal Growth Inhibitor The compositions of the present invention optionally comprise from about 0.005%, preferably from about 0.5%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 1%, preferably to about 15 0.5%, more preferably to about 0.25%, most preferably to about 0.2% by weight, of one or more crystal growth inhibitors. The following "Crystal Growth Inhibition Test" is used to determine the suitability of a material for use as a crystal growth inhibitor.
Crystal Growth Inhibition Test (CGIT,~
The suitability of a material to serve as a crystal growth inhibitor according to the present 20 invention can be determined by evaluating in vitro the growth rate of certain inorganic micro-crystals. The procedure of Nancollas et al., described in "Calcium Phosphate Nucleation and Growth in Solution", Prog. Crystal GrowtIZ Claaract., Vol 3, 77-102, (1980), incorporated herein by reference, is a method which is suitable for evaluating compounds for their crystal growth inhibition. The graph below serves as an example of a plot indicating the time delay (t-lag) in 25 crystal formation afforded by a hypothetical crystal growth inhibitor.

Volume of base added (mL) t-lag TIME
The observed t-lag provides a measure of the compound's efficiency with respect to delaying the growth of calcium phosphate crystal. The greater the t-lag, the more efficient the crystal growth inhibitor.
S Exemplary Procedure Combine in a suitable vessel, 2.1M KCl (35 mL), 0.0175M CaClz (SOmL), O.OlM
KHZPO,~ (SOmL), and de-ionized water (350mL). A standard pH electrode equipped with a Standard Calomel Reference electrode is inserted and the temperature adjusted to 37° C while purging of the solution of oxygen. Once the temperature and pH are stabilized, a solution of the crystal growth inhibitor to be test is then added. A typical inhibitor test concentration is 1 x 10-6 M. The solution is titrated to pH 7.4 with O.OSM KOH. The mixture is then treated with 5 mL's of a hydroxyapatite slurry. The hydroxyapatite slurry can be prepared by digesting Bio-Gel HTP hydroxyapatite powder (100 g) in 1 L of distilled water the pH of which is adjusted to 2.5 by the addition of sufficient 6N HCl and subsequently heating the solution until all of the hydroxyapatite is dissolved (heating for several days may be necessary). The temperature of the solution is then maintained at about 22° C while the pH is adjusted to 12 by the addition of a solution of 50% aqueous KOH. Once again the solution is heated and the resulting slurry is allowed to settle for two days before the supernatant is removed. 1.5 L of distilled water is added, the solution stirred, then after settling again for 2 days the supernatant is removed. This rinsing procedure is repeated six more time after which the pH of the solution is adjusted to neutrality using 2N HCI. The resulting slurry can be stored at 37°C for eleven months.
Crystal growth inhibitors which are suitable for use in the present invention have a t-lag of at least 10 minutes, preferably at least 20 minutes, more preferably at least 50 minutes, at a concentration of 1 x 10-6M. Crystal growth inhibitors are differentiated from chelating agents by the fact that crystal growth inhibitors have a low binding affinity of heavy metal ions, i.e., copper. For example, crystal growth inhibitors have an affinity for copper ions in a solution of 0.1 ionic strength when measured at 25° C, of less than 15, preferably less than 12.
The preferred crystal growth inhibitors of the present invention are selected from the group consisting of carboxylic compounds, organic diphosphonic acids, and mixtures thereof.
The following are non-limiting examples of preferred crystal growth inhibitors.
Carboxylic Compounds Non-limiting examples of carboxylic compounds which serve as crystal growth inhibitors include glycolic acid, phytic acid, polycarboxylic acids, polymers and co-polymers of carboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acids, and mixtures thereof. The inhibitors may be in the acid or salt form. Preferably the polycarboxylic acids comprise materials having at least two carboxylic acid radicals which are separated by not more than two carbon atoms (e.g., methylene units). The preferred salt forms include alkali metals; lithium, sodium, and potassium; and alkanolammonium. The polycarboxylates suitable for use in the present invention are further disclosed in U.S. 3,128,287, U.S. 3,635,830, U.S. 4,663,071, U.S. 3,923,679;
U.S. 3,835,163;
U.S. 4,158,635; U.S. 4,120,874 and U.S. 4,102,903, each of which is included herein by reference.
Further suitable polycarboxylates include ether hydroxypolycarboxylates, polyacrylate polymers, copolymers of malefic anhydride and the ethylene ether or vinyl methyl ethers of acrylic acid. Copolymers of 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene, 2, 4, 6-trisulphonic acid, and carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid are also useful. Alkali metal salts of polyacetic acids, for example, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and nitrilotriacetic acid, and the alkali metal salts of polycarboxylates, for example, mellitic acid, succinic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, polymaleic acid, benzene 1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid, are suitable for use in the present invention as crystal growth inhibitors.
The polymers and copolymers which are useful as crystal growth inhibitors have a molecular weight which is preferably greater than about 500 daltons to about 100,000 daltons, more preferably to about 50,000 daltons.
Examples of commercially available materials for use as crystal growth inhibitors include, polyacrylate polymers Good-RiteO ex BF Goodrich, Acrysol~ ex Rohm &
Haas, Sokalan0 ex BASF, and Norasol0 ex Norso Haas. Preferred are the Norasol0 polyacrylate polymers, more preferred are Norasol~ 410N (MW 10,000) and Norasol0 440N (MW
4000) which is an amino phosphonic acid modified polyacrylate polymer, and also more preferred is the acid form of this modified polymer sold as Norasol0 QR 784 (MW 4000) ex Norso-Haas.

Polycarboxylate crystal growth inhibitors include citrates, e.g., citric acid and soluble salts thereof (particularly sodium salt), 3,3-dicarboxy-4-oxa-1,6-hexanedioates and related compounds further disclosed in U.S. 4,566,984 incorporated herein by reference, CS-C20 alkyl, CS-C20 alkenyl succinic acid and salts thereof, of which dodecenyl succinate, lauryl succinate, myristyl succinate, palmityl succinate, 2-dodecenylsuccinate, 2-pentadecenyl succinate, are non-limiting examples. Other suitable polycarboxylates are disclosed in U.S.
4,144,226, U.S.
3,308,067 and U.S. 3,723,322, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Organic Phosphonic Acids Organic diphosphonic acid are also suitable for use as crystal growth inhibitors. For the proposes of the present invention the term "organic diphosphonic acid" is defined as "an organo-diphosphonic acid or salt which does not comprise a nitrogen atom". Preferred organic diphosphonic acids include C,-C~ diphosphonic acid, preferably C, diphosphonic acid selected from the group consisting of ethylene diphosphonic acid, a-hydroxy-2 phenyl ethyl diphosphonic acid, methylene diphosphonic acid, vinylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid , 1,2-dihydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid, hydroxy-ethane 1,1 diphosphonic acid, the salts thereof, and mixtures thereof.
More preferred is hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP).
A more preferred phosphonic acid I 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTC) available as Bayhibit~ AM ex Bayer.
Fabric Softening Actives The compositions of the present invention optionally comprise at least about 1%, preferably from about 10%, more preferably from about 20% to about 80%, more preferably to about 60%, most preferably to about 45% by weight, of the composition of one or more fabric softener actives.
The preferred fabric softening actives according to the present invention are amines having the formula:
(R)3_m N-f (CH2)p Q-R
m quaternary ammonium compounds having the formula:
(R)4_m N-r(CHZ)p Q-R' I X
--~~ m and mixtures thereof, wherein each R is independently C1-C6 alkyl, Cl-C6 hydroxyalkyl, benzyl, and mixtures thereof; Rl is preferably C11-C22 linear alkyl, C11-C22 branched alkyl, C11-C22 linear alkenyl, C11-C22 branched alkenyl, and mixtures thereof; Q is a carbonyl moiety independently selected from the units having the formula:

-O-C° ~ -C-O- ~ -N-C- ~ -C-N-O
O R3 O O-C-R' O
-O-C-O- , -CH-O-C- , -CH-CH2-O-C-wherein R2 is hydrogen, Cl-C4 alkyl, preferably hydrogen; R3 is Cl-C4 alkyl, preferably hydrogen or methyl; preferably Q has the formula:
O O
-O-C- or -NH-C-.
X is a softener compatible anion, preferably the anion of a strong acid, for example, chloride, bromide, methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, sulfate, nitrate and mixtures thereof, more preferably chloride and methyl sulfate. The anion can also, but less preferably, carry a double charge, in which case X(-) represents half a group. The index m has a value of from 1 to 3; the index n has a value of from 1 to 4, preferably 2 or 3, more preferably 2.
One embodiment of the present invention provides for amines and quaternized amines having two or more different values for the index n per molecule, for example, a softener active prepared from the starting amine methyl(3-aminopropyl)(2-hydroxyethyl)amine.
More preferred softener actives according to the present invention have the formula:
O
(R) N (CHZ)ri O-C-R1 X -4-m m wherein the unit having the formula:
O
-O-C-R' is a fatty acyl moiety. Suitable fatty acyl moieties for use in the softener actives of the present invention are derived from sources of triglycerides including tallow, vegetable oils and/or partially hydrogenated vegetable oils including hater alia canola oil, safflower oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, soybean oil, tall oil, rice bran oil. Yet more preferred are the Diester Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (DEQA's) wherein the index m is equal to 2.
The formulator, depending upon the desired physical and performance properties of the final fabric softener active, can choose any of the above mentioned sources of fatty acyl moieties, or alternatively, the formulator can mix sources of triglyceride to form a "customized blend".
However, those skilled in the art of fats and oils recognize that the fatty acyl composition may 10 vary, as in the case of vegetable oil, from crop to crop, or from variety of vegetable oil source to variety of vegetable oil source. DEQA's which are prepared using fatty acids derived from natural sources are preferred.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides softener actives comprising R1 units which have at least about 3%, preferably at least about 5%, more preferably at least 15 about 10%, most preferably at least about 15% C11-C22 alkenyl, including polyalkenyl (polyunsaturated) units inter alia oleic, linoleic, linolenic.
For the purposes of the present invention the term "mixed chain fatty acyl units" is defined as "a mixture of fatty acyl units comprising alkyl and alkenyl chains having from 10 carbons to 22 carbon atoms including the carbonyl carbon atom, and in the case of alkenyl 20 chains, from one to three double bonds, preferably all double bonds in the cis configuration".
With regard to the R1 units of the present invention, it is preferred that at least a substantial percentage of the fatty acyl groups are unsaturated, e.g., from about 25%, preferably from about 50% to about 70%, preferably to about 65%. The total level of fabric softening active containing polyunsaturated fatty acyl groups can be from about 3%, preferably from about 5%, more 25 preferably from about 10% to about 30%, preferably to about 25%, more preferably to about 18%. As stated herein above cis and trams isomers can be used, preferably with a cisltrans ratio is of from 1:1, preferably at least 3:1, and more preferably from about 4:1 to about 50:1, more preferably about 20:1, however, the minimum being 1:1.
The level of unsaturation contained within the tallow, canola, or other fatty acyl unit 30 chain can be measured by the Iodine Value (IV) of the corresponding fatty acid, which in the present case should preferably be in the range of from 5 to 100 with two categories of compounds being distinguished, having a IV below or above 25.
Indeed, for compounds having the formula:

(R)4-m N~CH2)p Q-R~ X
m derived from tallow fatty acids, when the Iodine Value is from 5 to 25, preferably 15 to 20, it has been found that a cisltrans isomer weight ratio greater than about 30/70, preferably greater than about 50/50 and more preferably greater than about 70/30 provides optimal concentrability.
For compounds of this type made from tallow fatty acids having a Iodine Value of above 25, the ratio of cis to traps isomers has been found to be less critical unless very high concentrations are needed. A further preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises DEQA's wherein the average Iodine Value for R1 is approximately 45.
The R1 units suitable for use in the isotropic liquids present invention can be further characterized in that the Iodine Value (IV) of the parent fatty acid, said IV
is preferably from about 10, more preferably from about 50, most preferably from about 70, to a value of about 140, preferably to about 130, more preferably to about 115. However, formulators, depending upon which embodiment of the present invention they choose to execute, may wish to add an amount of fatty acyl units which have Iodine Values outside the range listed herein above. For example, "hardened stock" (IV less than or equal to about 10) may be combined with the source of fatty acid admixture to adjust the properties of the final softener active.
A prefered source of fatty acyl units, especially fatty acyl units having branching, for example, "Guerbet branching", methyl, ethyl, etc. units substituted along the primary alkyl chain, synthetic sources of fatty acyl units are also suitable. For example, the formulator may with to add one or more fatty acyl units having a methyl branch at a "non-naturally occuring" position, for example, at the third carbon of a C17 chain. What is meant herein by the term "non-naturally occuring" is "acyl units whihc are not found in significant (greater than about 0.1%) quantities is common fats and oils which serve as feedstocks for the source of triglycerides described herein."
If the desired branched chain fatty acyl unit is unavailable from readily available natural feedstocks, therefore, synthetic fatty acid can be suitably admixed with other synthetic materials or with other natural triglyceride derived sources of acyl units.
The following are examples of preferred softener actives according to the present invention.
N,N-di(tallowyl-oxy-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride;
N,N-di(canolyl-oxy-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride;
N,N-di(tallowyl-oxy-ethyl)-N-methyl, N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium methyl sulfate;
N,N-di(canolyl-oxy-ethyl)-N-methyl, N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium methyl sulfate;

N,N-di(tallowylamidoethyl)-N-methyl, N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium methyl sulfate;
N,N-di(2-tallowyloxy-2-oxo-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride;
N,N-di(2-canolyloxy-2-oxo-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride;
N,N-di(2-tallowyloxyethylcarbonyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride;
S N,N-di(2-canolyloxyethylcarbonyloxyethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride;
N-(2-tallowoyloxy-2-ethyl)-N-(2-tallowyloxy-2-oxo-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride;
N-(2-canolyloxy-2-ethyl)-N-(2-canolyloxy-2-oxo-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride;
N,N,N-tri(tallowyl-oxy-ethyl)-N-methyl ammonium chloride;
N,N,N-tri(canolyl-oxy-ethyl)-N-methyl ammonium chloride;
N-(2-tallowyloxy-2-oxoethyl)-N-(tallowyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride;
N-(2-canolyloxy-2-oxoethyl)-N-(canolyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride;
1,2-ditallowyloxy-3-N,N,N-trimethylammoniopropane chloride; and 1,2-dicanolyloxy-3-N,N,N-trimethylammoniopropane chloride;
and mixtures of the above actives.
Particularly preferred is N,N-di(tallowoyl-oxy-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride, where the tallow chains are at least partially unsaturated and N,N-di(canoloyl-oxy-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride, N,N-di(tallowyl-oxy-ethyl)-N-methyl, N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium methyl sulfate; N,N-di(canolyl-oxy-ethyl)-N-methyl, N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium methyl sulfate; and mixtures thereof.
Additional fabric softening agents useful herein are described in U.S.
5,643,865 Mermelstein et al., issued July l, 1997; U.S. 5,622,925 de Buzzaccarini et al., issued April 22, 1997; U.S. 5,545,350 Baker et al., issued August 13, 1996; U.S. 5,474,690 Wahl et al., issued December 12, 1995; U.S. 5,417,868 Turner et al., issued January 27, 1994; U.S.
4,661,269 Trinh et al., issued April 28, 1987; U.S. 4,439,335 Burns, issued March 27, 1984;
U.S. 4,401,578 Verbruggen, issued August 30, 1983; U.S. 4,308,151 Cambre, issued December 29, 1981; U.S.
4,237,016 Rudkin et al., issued October 27, 1978; U.S. 4,233,164 Davis, issued November 11, 1980; U.S. 4,045,361 Watt et al., issued August 30, 1977; U.S. 3,974,076 Wiersema et al., issued August 10, 1976; U.S. 3,886,075 Bernadino, issued May 6, 1975; U.S. 3,861,870 Edwards et al., issued January 21 1975; and European Patent Application publication No.
472,178, by Yamamura et al., all of said documents being incorporated herein by reference.
Principal solvent The compositions of the present invention, preferably the isotropic liquid embodiments thereof, may also optionally comprise a principal solvent. The level of principal solvent present in the compositions of the present invention is typically less than about 95%, preferably less than about 50%, more preferably less than about 25%, most preferably less than about 15% by weight.
Some embodiments of isotropic liquid embodiments of the present invention may comprise no principal solvent but may substitute instead a suitable nonionic surfactant.
The principal solvents of the present invention are primarily used to obtain liquid compositions having sufficient clarity and viscosity. Principal solvents must also be selected to rninmize solvent odor impact in the composition. For example, isopropyl alcohol is not an effective principal solvent in that it does not serve to produce a composition having suitable viscosity. Isopropanol also fails as a suitable principal solvent because it has a relatively strong odor.
Principal solvents are also selected for their ability to provide stable compositions at low temperatures, preferably compositions comprising suitable principal solvents are clear down to about 4° C and have the ability to fully recover their clarity if stored as low as about 7° C.
The principal solvents according to the present invention are selected base upon their octanol/water partition coefficient (P). The octanol/water partition coefficient is a measure of the ratio of the concentrations of a particular principal solvent in octanol and water at equilibrium.
The partition coefficients are conveniently expressed and reported as their logarithm to the base 10; loge.
The loge of many principal solvent species has been reported; for example, the Ponmona92 database, available from Daylight Chemical Information Systems, Inc.(Daylight CIS), contains many, along with citations to the original literature.
However, the loge values are most conveniently calculated by the "CLOGP"
program, also available from Daylight CIS. This program also lists experimental loge values when they are available in the Pomona92 database. The "calculated loge" (ClogP) is determined by the fragment approach of Hansch and Leo ( cf., A. Leo, in Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 4, C. Hansch, P. G. Sammens, J. B. Taylor and C. A. Ransden, Eds., p.
295, Pergamon Press, 1990, incorporated herein by reference). The fragment approach is based on the chemical structure of each HR species, and takes into account the numbers and types of atoms, the atom connectivity, and chemical bonding. ClogP values are the most reliable and widely used estimates for octanol water partitioning. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that experimental log P values could also be used. Experimental log P values represent a less preferred embodiment of the invention. Where experimental log P values are used, the one hour log P values are preferred. Other methods that can be used to compute ClogP
include, e.g., Crippen's fragmentation method as disclosed in J. Chern. Inf. Cornput. Sci., 27a,21 (1987);
Viswanadhan's fragmentation method as disclosed in J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci., 29, 163 (1989);
and Broto's method as disclosed in Eur°. J. Med. Chem. - Chirn. Theor., 19, 71 (1984).
The principal solvents suitable for use in the present invention are selected from those having a ClogP of from about 0.15 to about l, preferably from about 0.15 to about 0.64, more preferably from about 0.25 to about 0.62, most preferably from about 0.4 to about 0.6.
Preferably the principal solvent is at least to some degree an asymmetric molecule, preferably having a melting, or solidification point which allows the principal solvent to be liquid at or near room temperature. Low molecular weight principal solvents may be desirable for some embodiments. More preferred molecules are highly asymmetrical.
A further description of principal solvents suitable for use in the isotropic liquid compositions of the present invention are thoroughly described in WO 97/03169 "Concentrated, Stable Fabric Softening Composition", published January 30, 1997 and assigned to the Procter &
Gamble Co.; WO 97/03170 "Concentrated, Water Dispersible, Stable, Fabric Softening 1$ Composition", published January 30, 1997 and assigned to the Procter &
Gamble Co.; and WO
97/34972 "Fabric Softening Compound/Composition", published September 25, 1997 and assigned to the Procter & Gamble Co. all included herein by reference.
Hydrophobic Dispersant A preferred composition of the present invention comprises from about 0.1 %, preferably from about 5%, more preferably from about 10% to about 80%, preferably to about 50%, more preferably to about 25% by weight, of a hydrophobic polyamine dispersant having the formula:

L(R')2N-RAW h'1- R~X LI'1- Rly N(R1)z wherein R, R' and B are suitably described in U.S. 5,565,145 Watson et al., issued October 15, 1996 incorporated herein by reference, and w, x, and y have values which provide for a backbone prior to substitution of preferably at least about 1200 daltons, more preferably 1800 daltons.
R' units are preferably alkyleneoxy units having the formula:
-(CH2CHR'O)m(CH2CH20)nH
wherein R' is methyl or ethyl, m and n are preferably from about 0 to about 50, provided the average value of alkoxylation provided by m + n is at least about 0.5.
A further description of polyamine dispersants suitable for use in the present invention is found in U.S. 4,891,160 Vander Meer, issued January 2, 1990; U.S.4,597,898, Vander Meer, issued July l, 1986; European Patent Application 111,965, Oh and Gosselink, published June 27, 1984; European Patent Application 111,984, Gosselink, published June 27, 1984;
European Patent Application 112,592, Gosselink, published July 4, 1984; U.S. 4,548,744, Connor, issued October 22, 1985; and U.S. 5,565,145 Watson et al., issued October 15, 1996;
all of which are included herein by reference. However, any suitable clay/soil dispersent or anti-redepostion agent can be used in the laundry compositions of the present invention.
5 Electrolyte The fabric softening embodiments of the compositions of the present invention, especially clear, isotropic liquid fabric softening compositions, may also optionally, but preferably comprise, one or more electrolytes for control of phase stability, viscosity, and/or clarity. For example, the presence of certain electrolytes inter alia calcium chloride, magnesium 10 chloride may be key to insuring initial product clarity and low viscosity, or may affect the dilution viscosity of liquid embodiments, especially isotropic liquid embodiments. Not wishing to be limited by theory, but only wishing to provide an example of a circumstance wherein the formulator must insure proper dilution viscosity, includes the following example. Isotropic or non-isotropic liquid fabric softener compositions can be introduced into the rinse phase of 15 laundry operations via an article of manufacture designed to dispense a measured amount of said composition. Typically the article of manufacture is a dispenser which delivers the softener active only during the rinse cycle. These dispensers are typically designed to allow an amount of water equal to the volume of softener composition to enter into the dispenser to insure complete delivery of the softener composition. An electrolyte may be added to the compositions of the 20 present invention to insure phase stability and prevent the diluted softener composition from "gelling out" or from undergoing an undesirable or unacceptable viscosity increase. Prevention of gelling or formation of a "swelled", high viscosity solution insures thorough delivery of the softener composition.
However, those skilled in the art of fabric softener compositions will recognize that the 25 level of electrolyte is also influenced by other factors i~zter alia the type of fabric softener active, the amount of principal solvent, and the level and type of nonionic surfactant. For example, triethanol amine derived ester quaternary amines suitable for use as softener actives according to the present invention are typically manufactured in such a way as to yield a distribution of mono-di-, and tri- esterified quaternary ammonium compounds and amine precursors.
Therefore, as in 30 this example, the variability in the distribution of mono-, di-, and tri-esters and amines may predicate a different level of electrolyte. Therefore, the formulator must consider all of the ingredients, namely, softener active, nonionic surfactant, and in the case of isotropic liquids, the principal solvent type and level, as well as level and identity of adjunct ingredients before selecting the type and/or level of electrolyte A wide variety of ionizable salts can be used. Examples of suitable salts are the halides of the Group IA and IIA metals of the Periodic Table of the elements, e.g., calcium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium bromide, and lithium chloride. The ionizable salts are particularly useful during the process of mixing the ingredients to make the compositions herein, and later to obtain the desired viscosity. The amount of ionizable salts used depends on the amount of active ingredients used in the compositions and can be adjusted according to the desires of the formulator. Typical levels of salts used to control the composition viscosity are from about 20 to about 10,000 parts per million (ppm), preferably from about 20 to about 5,000 ppm, of the composition.
Alkylene polyammonium salts can be incorporated into the composition to give viscosity control in addition to or in place of the water-soluble, ionizable salts above, In addition, these agents can act as scavengers, forming ion pairs with anionic detergent carried over from the main wash, in the rinse, and on the fabrics, and can improve softness performance.
These agents can stabilized the viscosity over a broader range of temperature, especially at low temperatures, compared to the inorganic electrolytes. Specific examples of alkylene polyammonium salts include L-lysine, monohydrochloride and 1,5-diammonium 2-methyl pentane dihydrochloride.
Cationic Charge Boosters The compositions or the present invention may optionally comprise one or more cationic charge boosters, especially to the rinse-added fabric softening embodiments of the present invention. Typically, ethanol is used to prepare many of the below listed ingredients and is therefore a source of solvent into the final product formulation. The formulator is not limited to ethanol, but instead can add other solvents inter alia hexyleneglycol to aid in formulation of the final composition. This is especially true in clear, translucent, isotropic compositions.
The preferred cationic charge boosters of the present invention are described herein below.
i) Quaternary Ammonium Compounds An optional composition of the present invention comprises at least about 0.2%, preferably from about 0.2% to about 10%, more preferably from about 0.2% to about 5% by weight, of a cationic charge booster having the formula:

R1-N+ R3 X _ wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are each independently C1-C22 alkyl, C3-C22 alkenyl, RS-Q-(CH2)m , wherein RS is C1-C22 alkyl, and mixtures thereof, m is from 1 to about 6; X is an anion.
Preferably R1 is C6-C22 alkyl, Cb-C22 alkenyl, and mixtures thereof, more preferably C 11-C 1 g alkyl, C 11-C 1 g alkenyl, and mixtures thereof; R2, R3, and R4 are each preferably C 1-Cq. alkyl, more preferably each R2, R3, and R4 are methyl.
The formulator may similarly choose R1 to be a RS-Q-(CH2)m- moiety wherein RS
is an alkyl or alkenyl moiety having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably the alkyl or alkenyl moiety when taken together with the Q unit is an acyl unit derived preferably derived from a source of triglyceride selected from the group consisting of tallow, partially hydrogenated tallow, lard, partially hydrogenated lard, vegetable oils and/or partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, such as, canola oil, safflower oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, soybean oil, tall oil, rice bran oil, etc.
and mixtures thereof.
An example of a fabric softener cationic booster comprising a RS-Q-(CH2)m-moiety has the formula:
O i H3 ~ +N-CH3 wherein RS-Q- is an oleoyl units and m is equal to 2.
X is a softener compatible anion, preferably the anion of a strong acid, for example, chloride, bromide, methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, sulfate, nitrate and mixtures thereof, more preferably chloride and methyl sulfate.
ii) Polyvinyl Amines A preferred embodiment of the present invention contains at least about 0.2%, preferably from about 0.2% to about 5%, more preferably from about 0.2% to about 2% by weight, of one or more polyvinyl amines having the formula wherein y is from about 3 to about 10,000, preferably from about 10 to about 5,000, more preferably from about 20 to about 500. Polyvinyl amines suitable for use in the present invention are available from BASF.

Optionally, one or more of the polyvinyl amine backbone -NH2 unit hydrogens can be substituted by an alkyleneoxy unit having the formula:
-~1 O)xR2 wherein R1 is C2-C4 alkylene, R2 is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, and mixtures thereof; x is from 1 to 50. In one embodiment or the present invention the polyvinyl amine is reacted first with a substrate which places a 2-propyleneoxy unit directly on the nitrogen followed by reaction of one or more moles of ethylene oxide to form a unit having the general formula:

-~CH2CH0)-(CH2CH20)xH
wherein x has the value of from 1 to about 50. Substitutions such as the above are represented by the abbreviated formula PO-EOx-. However, more than one propyleneoxy unit can be incorporated into the alkyleneoxy substituent.
Polyvinyl amines are especially preferred for use as cationic charge booster in liquid fabric softening compositions since the greater number of amine moieties per unit weight provides substantial charge density. In addition, the cationic charge is generated in situ and the level of cationic charge can be adjusted by the formulator.
iii) Poly-Quaternary Ammonium Compounds A preferred composition of the present invention comprises at least about 0.2%, preferably from about 0.2% to about 10%, more preferably from about 0.2% to about 5% by weight, of a cationic charge booster having the formula:
R1 Rl +I I+ _ Rl R1 wherein R is substituted or unsubstituted C2-C12 alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C12 hydroxyalkylene; each R1 is independently C1-C4 alkyl, each R2 is independently C1-C22 alkyl, C3-C22 alkenyl, RS-Q-(CH2)m-, wherein RS is C1-C22 alkyl, C3-C22 alkenyl, and mixtures thereof; m is from 1 to about 6; Q is a carbonyl unit as defined hereinabove;
and mixtures thereof; X is an anion.

Preferably R is ethylene; R1 is methyl or ethyl, more preferably methyl; at least one R2 is preferably C1-C4 alkyl, more preferably methyl. Preferably at least one R2 is CI I-C22 alkyl, C11-C22 alkenyl, and mixtures thereof.
The formulator may similarly choose R2 to be a RS-Q-(CH2)m moiety wherein RS
is an alkyl moiety having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably the alkyl moiety when taken together with the Q unit is an acyl unit derived preferably derived from a source of triglyceride selected from the group consisting of tallow, partially hydrogenated tallow, lard, partially hydrogenated lard, vegetable oils and/or partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, such as, canola oil, safflower oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, soybean oil, tall oil, rice bran oil, etc. and mixtures thereof.
An example of a fabric softener cationic booster comprising a RS-Q-(CH2)m-moiety has the formula:
Cl CH3 n CHj~/N-CH3 Cl +CH CH3 where 1 S in R1 is methyl, one R2 units is methyl and the other R2 unit is RS-Q-(CH2)m-wherein RS-Q- is an oleoyl unit and m is equal to 2.
X is a softener compatible anion, preferably the anion of a strong acid, for example, chloride, bromide, methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, sulfate, nitrate and mixtures thereof, more preferably chloride and methyl sulfate.
Dispersibility Aids Relatively concentrated compositions containing both saturated and unsaturated diester quaternary ammonium compounds can be prepared that are stable without the addition of concentration aids. However, the compositions of the present invention may require organic and/or inorganic concentration aids to go to even higher concentrations and/or to meet higher stability standards depending on the other ingredients. These concentration aids which typically can be viscosity modifiers may be needed, or prefen-ed, for ensuring stability under extreme conditions when particular softener active levels are used. The surfactant concentration aids are typically selected from the group consisting of (I) single long chain alkyl cationic surfactants; (2) nonionic surfactants; (3) amine oxides; (4) fatty acids; and (5) mixtures thereof. These aids are described in P&G Copending Application Serial No. 08/461,207, filed June 5, 1995, Wahl et al., specifically on page 14, line 12 to page 20, line 12, which is herein incorporated by reference.

Preferred dispersibility aids are GENAMINE~ and GENAPOL~ ex Clariant. When PVP
is present in the compositions of the present invention, a preferred embodiment comprises both a cocoyl ethoxylated amine and a cocoyl ethoxylated alcohol, wherein the ethoxylation is approximately 10, each of which are available as GENAMINE~' and GENAPOL~'. A
preferred example of the use of this admixture is a composition which compries, for example, 0.2%
GENAMINE~' and 0.1 % GENAPOL~.
When said dispersibility aids are present, the total level is from 0.1%, preferably from 0.3%, more preferably from 3%, even more preferably from 4%, and most preferably from 5% to 25%, preferably to 17%, more preferably to 15%, most preferably to 13% by weight, of the 10 composition. These materials can either be added as part of the active softener raw material, e.g., the mono-long chain alkyl cationic surfactant and/or the fatty acid which are reactants used to form the fabric softener active as discussed hereinbefore, or added as a separate component.
The total level of dispersibility aid includes any amount that may be present as part of the softener active.
15 Soil Release Agents Particular to the embodiments of the rinse-added fabric softeners according to the present invention, certain soil release agents provide not only the below described soil release properties but are added for their suitability in maintaining proper viscosity, especially in the dispersed phase, non-isotropic compositions.
20 Any polymeric soil release agent known to those skilled in the art can optionally be employed in the compositions and processes of this invention. Polymeric soil release agents are characterized by having both hydrophilic segments, to hydrophilize the surface of hydrophobic fibers, such as polyester and nylon, and hydrophobic segments, to deposit upon hydrophobic fibers and remain adhered thereto through completion of the rinsing cycle and, thus, serve as an 25 anchor for the hydrophilic segments. This can enable stains occurring subsequent to treatment with the soil release agent to be more easily cleaned in later washing procedures.
If utilized, soil release agents will generally comprise from about 0.01 % to about 10.0%, by weight, of the detergent compositions herein, typically from about 0.1% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.2% to about 3.0%.
30 The following, all included herein by reference, describe soil release polymers suitable for us in the present invention. U.S. 5,728,671 Rohrbaugh et al., issued March 17, 1998; U.S.
5,691,298 Gosselink et al., issued November 25, 1997; U.S. 5,599,782 Pan et al., issued February 4, 1997; U.S. 5,415,807 Gosselink et al., issued May 16, 1995; U.S. 5,182,043 Morrall et al., issued January 26, 1993; U.S. 4,956,447 Gosselink et al., issued September 11, 1990; U.S.

35 4,976,879 Maldonado et al. issued December 1 l, 1990; U.S. 4,968,451 Scheibel et al., issued November 6, 1990; U.S. 4,925,577 Borcher, Sr. et al., issued May 15, 1990;
U.S. 4,861,512 Gosselink, issued August 29, 1989; U.S. 4,877,896 Maldonado et al., issued October 31, 1989;
U.S. 4,721,580 Gosselink issued January 26, 1988; U.S. Patent 4,702,857 Gosselink, issued October 27, 1987; U.S. 4,711,730 Gosselink et al., issued December 8, 1987;
U.S. 4,000,093 Nicol et al., issued December 28, 1976; U.S. 3,959,230 Hayes, issued May 25, 1976; U.S.
3,893,929 Basadur, issued July 8, 1975; and European Patent Application 0 219 048, published April 22, 1987 by Kud et al.
Further suitable soil release agents are described in U.S. 4,201,824 Voilland et al.; U.S.
4,240,918 Lagasse et al.; U.S. 4,525,524 Tung et al.; U.S. 4,579,681 Ruppert et al.; U.S.
4,220,918; U.S. 4,787,989; EP 279,134 A, 1988 to Rhone-Poulenc Chemie; EP
457,205 A to BASF (1991); and DE 2,335,044 to Unilever N.V., 1974; all incorporated herein by reference.
Bleach Protection Polvamines The compositions of the present invention optionally comprise from about 0.01%, preferably from about 0.75%, more preferably from 10%, most preferably from about 15% to 1 S about 50%, preferably to about 35%, more preferably to about 30%, most preferably to about 5%
by weight, of one or more linear or cyclic polyamines which provide bleach protection.
Linear Polyamines The bleach protection polyamines of the present invention have the formula:

(R~)zN-R-~N-R~n N(R1)2 wherein R is 1,2-propylene, 1,3-propylene, and mixtures thereof; preferably 1,3-propylene. R' is hydrogen or an alkyleneoxy unit having the formula:
(Rs0)_ R4 wherein R3 is ethylene, 1,2-propylene, 1,2-butylene, or mixtures thereof;
preferably R3 is ethylene or 1,2-propylene, more preferably 1,2-propylene. R4 is hydrogen, C,-C4 alkyl, and mixtures thereof; preferably hydrogen. R' may comprise any mixture of alkyleneoxy units. R-' is hydrogen, R', -RN(R')2, and mixtures thereof; preferably at least one R= is hydrogen when n is equal to 2. The integer n is 1 or 2.
A prefered bleach protection linear polyamine has a backbone wherein R is 1,3-propylene, RZ is hydrogen, or alkoxy, and n is equal to 2 is N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,3-propylenediamine (TPTA).
Cyclic Amines The bleach protection cyclic polyamines of the present invention comprise polyamine backbones having the formula:
R-L-R
wherein L is a linking unit, said linking unit comprising a ring having at least 2 nitrogen atoms; R
is hydrogen, -(CHz)kN(R')2, and mixtures thereof; wherein each index k independently has the value from 2 to 4, preferably 3. Preferably the backbone of the cyclic amines including R units is 200 daltons or less.
R' is hydrogen or an alkyleneoxy unit having the formula:
- (R3~)- R4 wherein R~ is ethylene, 1,2-propylene, 1,2-butylene, or mixtures thereof;
preferably R3 is ethylene or 1,2-propylene, more preferably 1,2-propylene. R~ is hydrogen, C,-C4 alkyl, and mixtures thereof; preferably hydrogen. R' may comprise any mixture of alkyleneoxy units.
Examples of preferred optional polyamines of the present invention have the formula:
(R~)ZN-(CH2)k~ L-(CH2)k-N(R~)2 wherein the indices k each have the same value and each R' is the same unit.
It has been surprisingly found that bleach protection is enhanced when the backbone nitrogens are substituted with one or more modiEcations which comprise an alkyleneoxy unit having the general formula:
R

wherein said unit is R3 as defined herein above.
METHOD OF USE
The present invention also relates to a method for enhancing the fabric integrity if7ter alia dye fidelity while reducing the damage to fabric due to the interaction of laundry adjunct ingredients and damage due to mechanical wear. The method includes the step of contacting fabric with an aqueous solution containing a least 50 ppm, preferably at least about 100 ppm, more preferably at least about 200 ppm, said composition comprising:

a) from about 0.01% by weight, of a fabric enhancement system, said fabric enhancement system comprising one or more modified polyamine compounds, said modified polyamine compounds are selected from:
i) (PA),~(T)X;
ii) (PA)W(L)Z;
iii) [(PA)~,,(T)~]Y[L]Z; and iv) mixtures thereof;
wherein PA is a grafted or non-grafted, modified or unmodified polyamine backbone unit, T is an amide forming polycarboxylic acid crosslinking unit, and L is a non-amide forming crosslinking unit; provided that for compounds of type (i) and (iii) the indices w and x have values such that the ratio of w to x is from 0.8 : 1 to 1.5 : 1; for compounds of type (ii) the indices w and z have values such that said modified polyamine compound comprises from about 0.05, preferably from about 0.3 to 2 parts by weight of said L unit; for compounds of type (iii) the indices y and z have values such that said modified polyamine compound comprises from about 0.05, preferably from about 0.3 to 2 parts by weight of said L unit; and b) the balance carriers and adjunct ingredients.
For the purposes of the present invention the term "contacting" is defined as "intimate contact of a fabric with an aqueous solution of the hereinabove described composition which comprises a fabric abrasion reducing polymer." Contacting typically occurs by soaking, washing, rinsing, spraying the composition onto fabric, but can also include contact of a substrate inter alia a material onto which the composition has been absorbed, with the fabric. Laundering is a preferred process. Temperatures for laundering can take place at a variety of temperatures, however, laundering typically occurs at a temperature less than about 30° C, preferably from about 5° C to about 25° C.
The following are non-limiting examples of liquid rinse-added compositions of the present invention which comprise the polyamidoamine compounds which provide fabric integrity benefits.
The following is an example of a composition which comprises a cationic fabric softener active in combination with the fabric enhancement system of the present invention.
TABLEI
weight Ingredients 1 2 3 4 5 Polymer ' 3.0 -- 1.0 -- 15.0 Polymer z -- 3.0 -- 1.0 --Polymer 3 3.5 -- -- 1.0 --Softener active -- 2.5 19.0 24.0 --Dye fixative 2.2 2.4 -- 1.0 --Bayhibit AM 6 1.0 1.0 -- -- 2.0 SRP-2 -- -- 0.5 0.25 --NH4C1 -- 0.2 0.2 0.2 --Water & Minors balance balance balance balance balance 1. Lupasol'~ SK ex BASF.
2. Lupasol~' SKA ex BASF.
3. Luviskol~' K90 ex BASF.
4. Di-(tallowyl-oxy-ethyl) dimethyl ammonium chloride.
5 5. Dye fixing agent ex Clariant under the tradename Cartafix CBS.
6. 2-Phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid ex Bayer.
The following is a composition which comprises the fabric enhancement system of the present invention.
TABLE II
weight Ingredients 6 7 8 9 10 Polymer' 3.0 -- 1.0 -- 15.0 Polymer Z -- 3.0 -- 1.0 --Polymer 3 3.5 -- -- 1.0 --Dye fixative 2.2 2.4 -- 1.0 --'' Bayhibit AM 5 1.0 1.0 -- -- 2.0 SRP-2 -- -- 0.5 0.25 --NH4C1 -- 0.2 0.2 0.2 --Water & Minors balance balance balance balance balance 1. Lupasol~' SK ex BASF.
2. Lupasol~ SKA ex BASF.
3. Luviskol~ K90 ex BASF.

4. Dye fixing agent ex Clariant under the tradename Cartafix CB~.
5. 2-Phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid ex Bayer.
TABLE II
5 weight Ingredients 11 12 Polymer ' 1.0 --Polymer 2 -- 1.0 Polymer 3 3.5 2.5 Fabric integrity10.0 --agent4 Dispersant 4 -- 10.0 Dye fixative 2.2 2.4 Bayhibit AM 6 1.0 1.0 Water & Minors balance balance 1. Lupasol~' SK ex BASF.
2. Lupasol'~ SKA ex BASF.
3. Luviskol~ K90 ex BASF.
4. N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-piperazine.
10 S. PEI 1800 E7 6. Dye fixing agent ex Clariant under the tradename Cartafix CBS.
7. 2-Phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid ex Bayer.

Claims (10)

What is claimed is:

1. A fabric care composition comprising:
a) from 0.01% by weight, of a fabric enhancement system, said fabric enhancement system comprising one or more modified polyamine compounds, said modified polyamine compounds are selected from:
i) (PA)w(T)x;
ii) (PA)w(L)z;
iii) [(PA)w(T)x]y[L]z; and iv) mixtures thereof;
wherein PA is a grafted or non-grafted, modified or unmodified polyamine backbone unit, T is an amide-forming polycarboxylic acid crosslinking unit, and L is a non-amide forming crosslinking unit; provided that for compounds of type (i) and (iii) the indices w and x have values such that the ratio of w to x is from 0.8:1 to 1.5:1; for compounds of type (ii) the indices w and z have values such that said modified polyamine compound comprises from 0.05 to 2 parts by weight of said L unit; for compounds of type (iii) the indices y and z have values such that said modified polyamine compound comprises from 0.05 to 2 parts by weight of said L unit; and b) the balance carriers and adjunct ingredients.

2. A composition according to Claim 1 wherein said PA polyamine backbone unit comprises a polyamine which is grafted wherein said grafting agent is selected from aziridine, caprolactam, and mixtures thereof.

3. A composition according to either Claim 1 or 2 wherein said T unit has the formula:

wherein R1 is methylene, phenylene, and mixtures thereof; R2 is -NH-; k is from 2 to 8, each j is independently 0 or 1.

4. A composition according to any of Claims 1-3 wherein said L unit is selected from:
i) polyalkylene units having the formula:

~(CH2)n~
wherein n is from 1 to 50;
ii) epihalohydrin/polyalkylene units having the formula:

wherein n is from 1 to 50;
iii) polyalkyleneoxy comprising units having the formula:

wherein R1 is ethylene, R2 is 1,2-propylene, x is from 0 to 100 and y is from 0 to 100;
iv) polyhydroxy comprising units having the formula:

wherein the index t is at least 2and the index a is from 1 to 6;
v) polyalkyleneoxy/polyhydroxy comprising units having the formula;

wherein R1, R2, t, u, x, and y are the same as defined above, the indexes w and z are each independently from 1 to 50;
vi) units which comprise an aziridine unit having the formula:

wherein h is from 0 to 22; and vii) mixtures thereof.

5. A composition according to any of Claims 1-4 wherein said polyamine compound is formed by the reaction of:
a) 1 part by weight, of a polyamidoamine obtained by condensation of 1 mole of a dicarboxylic acid with from 0.8 to 1.5 moles of a polyalkylene polyamine then optionally reacting the obtained polyamidoamine condensation product with up to 8 ethyleneimine units per basic nitrogen atom; and b) further reacting the product obtained in (a) with from 0.05 to 2 parts by weight, of a reaction product of a polyalkylene oxide having from 8 to 100 alkylene oxide units with epichlorohydrin at a temperature of from 20 °C to 100 °C.

6. A composition which provides reduced fabric abrasion, said composition comprises:
a) from 0.01% by weight, of a polyamidoamine fabric abrasion reducing polymer according to the present invention;
b) optionally from 0.01% by weight, of a fabric abrasion polymer comprising:
i) at least one monomeric unit comprising an amide moiety;
ii) at least one monomeric unit comprising an N-oxide moiety;
iii) and mixtures thereof;
c) optionally from 1% by weight, of a fabric softening active;
d) optionally less than 15% by weight, of a principal solvent;
e) optionally from 0.001% to 90% by weight, of one or more dye fixing agents;
g) optionally from 0.01% to 50% by weight, of one or more cellulose reactive dye fixing agents;
h) optionally from 0.01% to 15% by weight, of a chlorine scavenger:
i) optionally 0.005% to 1% by weight, of one or more crystal growth inhibitors;
j) optionally from 1% to 12% by weight, of one or more liquid carriers;
k) optionally from 0.001% to 1% by weight, of an enzyme;
l) optionally from 0.01% to 8% by weight, of a polyolefin emulsion or suspension;
m) optionally from 0.01% to 0.2% by weight, of a stabilizer;
n) optionally from 0.01 % by weight, of one or more linear or cyclic polyamines which provide bleach protection; and o) the balance carrier and adjunct ingredients.

7. A pre-soak or rinse-added composition comprising:

a) from 0.01% by weight, of a fabric enhancement system, said fabric enhancement system comprising one or more modified polyamine compounds, said modified polyamine compounds are selected from:
i) (PA)w(T)x:
ii) (PA)w(L)z;
iii) L(PA)w(T)x]y[L]z: and iv) mixtures thereof;
wherein PA is a grafted or non-grafted, modified or unmodified polyamine backbone unit, T is an amide-forming polycarboxylic acid crosslinking unit, and L is a non-amide forming crosslinking unit; provided that for compounds of type (i) and (iii) the indices w and x have values such that the ratio of w to x is from 0.8:1 to 1.5:1; for compounds of type (ii) the indices w and z have values such that said modified polyamine compound comprises from 0.05 to 2 parts by weight of said L unit; for compounds of type (iii) the indices y and z have values such that said modified polyamine compound comprises from 0.05 to 2 parts by weight of said L unit;
b) from 1% to 80% by weight, of a fabric softening active: and c) the balance carriers and adjunct ingredients.

8. A composition according to Claim 7 further comprising a dispersibility aid system, said system comprising:
i) 0.2% of ethoxylated cocoyl amine having an average of 10 ethoxy units; and ii) 0.1% of ethoxylated cocoyl alcohol having an average of 10 ethoxy units.

9. A method for providing fabric with decreased abrasion damage comprising the step of contacting a fabric with a composition comprising:
a) from 0.01% by weight, of a fabric enhancement system, said fabric enhancement system comprising one or more modified polyamine compounds, said modified polyamine compounds are selected from:
i) (PA)w(T)x:
ii) (PA)w(L)z;
iii) [(PA)w(T)x]y[L]z; and iv) mixtures thereof;
wherein PA is a grafted or non-grafted, modified or unmodified polyamine backbone unit, T is an amide-forming polycarboxylic acid crosslinking unit, and L is a non-amide forming crosslinking unit; provided that for compounds of type (i) and (iii) the indices w and x have values such that the ratio of w to x is from 0.8:1 to 1.5:1; for compounds of type (ii) the indices w and z have values such that said modified polyamine compound comprises from 0.05 to 2 parts by weight of said L unit; for compounds of type (iii) the indices y and z have values such that said modified polyamine compound comprises from 0.05 to 2 parts by weight of said L unit;
b) from 1% to 80% by weight, of a fabric softening active; and c) the balance carriers and adjunct ingredients.

10. A method according to Claim 9 wherein said composition further comprises:
d) optionally less than 15% by weight. of a principal solvent;
e) optionally from 0.001% to 90% by weight, of one or more dye fixing agents;
g) optionally from 0.01% to 50% by weight, of one or more cellulose reactive dye fixing agents;
h) optionally from 0.01% to 15% by weight, of a chlorine scavenger;
i) optionally 0.005% to 1% by weight, of one or more crystal growth inhibitors;
j) optionally from 1% to 12% by weight, of one or more liquid carriers;
k) optionally from 0.001% to 1% by weight, of an enzyme;
l) optionally from 0.01% to 8% by weight, of a polyolefin emulsion or suspension;
m) optionally from 0.01 % to 0.2% by weight, of a stabilizer;
n) optionally from 0.01% by weight, of one or more linear or cyclic; and polyamines which provide bleach protection.