CA2347368A1 - Electric machine - Google Patents
Electric machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2347368A1 CA2347368A1 CA002347368A CA2347368A CA2347368A1 CA 2347368 A1 CA2347368 A1 CA 2347368A1 CA 002347368 A CA002347368 A CA 002347368A CA 2347368 A CA2347368 A CA 2347368A CA 2347368 A1 CA2347368 A1 CA 2347368A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- electric machine
- machine according
- rotor
- coils
- previous
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/24—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets axially facing the armatures, e.g. hub-type cycle dynamos
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
- H02K11/01—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for shielding from electromagnetic fields, i.e. structural association with shields
- H02K11/014—Shields associated with stationary parts, e.g. stator cores
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
- H02K3/47—Air-gap windings, i.e. iron-free windings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/10—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by gaseous cooling medium flowing in closed circuit, a part of which is external to the machine casing
- H02K9/12—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by gaseous cooling medium flowing in closed circuit, a part of which is external to the machine casing wherein the cooling medium circulates freely within the casing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/26—Structural association of machines with devices for cleaning or drying cooling medium, e.g. with filters
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
- Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
- Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
- Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)
- Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
- Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an electric machine, comprising a rotor (3, 53) and a stator (7, 57) wherein electrical coils (6, 56) or permanent magnets (5) are arranged, said electrical coils or permanent magnets exerting a mutual influence on each other during the rotary movement of the rotor. The rotor ( 3, 53) contains the magnets (5) and the stator contains the coils (6, 56). Said coils (6, 56) are configured without an iron core and at least one section o f the coils extends crosswise over the periphery of the rotor. The coils (6, 5 6) are introduced into the stator (7, 57) individually and are bent in such a w ay that they extend on both sides of the rotor (3, 53) and essentially encompas s the magnets (5) located in the rotor.
Description
An02PCT W.Anwander Description Electric machine Electric machine with a rotor and a stator, in which electric coils and permanent magnets are located which influence each other when the rotor revolves, where the rotor contains the magnets and the stator contains the coils and the coils do not have an iron core and at least one section of the coils extends transversely across the circumference of the rotor.
A machine of this kind has already been disclosed in EP-B-0 422 539.
The purpose of the invention is to improve this machine.
In the solution to this problem proposed by the invention, the coils are fitted in the stator individually and are bent in such a way that they extend on both sides of the rotor and enclose the magnets located in the rotor to a large extent.
The fact that the magnets are enclosed by the individual coils leads to the achievement of a very high degree of efficiency, while both production and maintenance are simplified considerably by the provision of individual coils.
A machine of this kind has already been disclosed in EP-B-0 422 539.
The purpose of the invention is to improve this machine.
In the solution to this problem proposed by the invention, the coils are fitted in the stator individually and are bent in such a way that they extend on both sides of the rotor and enclose the magnets located in the rotor to a large extent.
The fact that the magnets are enclosed by the individual coils leads to the achievement of a very high degree of efficiency, while both production and maintenance are simplified considerably by the provision of individual coils.
In accordance with an advantageous development of the invention, it is provided that the magnets are cylindrical and are located at least approximately tangentially on the circumference of the rotor.
This configuration makes it simple to adjust the magnets and the coils.
In another advantageous development of the invention, the permanent magnets are attached to the rotor via support elements.
This has the effect that the magnets can be replaced easily if this is required.
It is also very advantageous if in accordance with a further development of the invention the coils have a S2-shaped cross-section and the magnets are immediately next to the inside of the coils.
A particularly high degree of machine efficiency is reached as a result.
In another advantageous development of the invention, the support elements for the magnets are attached to the rotor in such a way that they can be replaced.
This makes it particularly easy to remove the magnets from the machine and to fit them back on it again.
It has also proved to be particularly advantageous if an interlocking facility is provided between the magnets and/or their support elements and the rotor, preferably in the radial direction.
A secure connection is established between the magnet and/or support element and the rotor as a result. High centrifugal forces that are produced are compensated for effectively.
It is also very advantageous if the magnets and/or their support elements are attached to the rotor so that they can be removed in the axial direction.
This guarantees that the magnets are simple to remove from the rotor.
It is also very advantageous if in accordance with a further development of the invention the connections for the coil are located so that they are accessible individually on the stator.
This makes it simple to check every individual coil if a fault occurs.
It has proved to be very advantageous if in accordance with a further development of the invention the magnets located behind each other have different polarity in each case.
The machine achieves a particularly high power yield as a result.
It is also particularly favourable if in accordance with a further development of the invention a pole reversal device is provided in the supply line to the coils.
As a result of this, the electric machine can on the one hand be operated with direct current voltage before the pole reversal device and with alternating current voltage after the pole reversal device when it is used as a motor, while alternating current voltage can on the other hand be tapped before the pole reversal device and direct current voltage can be tapped after the pole reversal device when the electric machine is used as a generator.
It has proved to be very favourable if in accordance with a further development of the invention the coil is annular and the profiles of the rotor and coil are adapted to each other.
A further advantageous development of the invention is characterised by the fact that several rotors and coil configurations are located behind each other in the axial direction of the machine.
It is also very favourable if in accordance with a further development of the invention at least two machines preferably in the form of motors with different diameters are located behind each other on a mutual machine shaft.
The different diameters mean that the motors have different torques, which can be very advantageous when the machine starts up in particular.
It has also proved to be extremely advantageous if the coils are formed from several coils that are only one wire layer thick in each case.
Easier and more precise shaping of the coils is possible as a result.
It is very advantageous in this context if the connections for the individual coils are wired individually and are in particular designed so that they can be connected in series and/or parallel.
It has also proved to be very advantageous if the individual coil layers are in particular glued together with an adhesive that conducts heat effectively.
This construction guarantees optimum coil design and good heat dissipation.
In a further advantageous development of the invention, shielding is provided on the outside of the stator that provides magnetic shielding in particular.
It is very advantageous in this context if the shielding is made from wire, particularly a plurality of soft iron wires.
It is also very advantageous in this context if the shielding wires are located in concentric circles around the shaft of the machine.
It has also proved to be advantageous if the shielding is made from sheet metal, particularly soft iron sheet metal.
Shielding the stator against magnetic and electric fields that act outwards reduces the effect on other machines in the surrounding area considerably.
In accordance with another development of the invention, it is very advantageous if a cable support is provided on the circumference of the rotor - stator assembly.
Tidy and simple cable guidance between the coils and out of the machine is guaranteed in this way.
In another very advantageous development of the invention, a housing is provided that encloses the entire rotor - stator assembly.
This on the one hand provides protection against contact, while it on the other hand effectively keeps dirt etc. away from the electric machine.
It is advantageous in this context if the housing has at least one air inlet opening in the immediate vicinity of the machine shaft.
It is also very advantageous in this context if the housing has at least one air outlet opening at least close to the point where the circumference is largest.
The air sucked in through the air inlet opening is accelerated towards where the rotor circumference is largest by the rotary movement of the rotor and leaves the housing via the air outlet opening. The machine is cooled effectively as a result.
Optimum flow over and around the coils is guaranteed as a result.
In a further advantageous development of the invention, the air outlet is connected to the air inlet via a heat exchanger provided between them.
This is an effective way to remove the waste heat of the machine and possibly to use it for another purpose.
It has proved to be very advantageous in this context if the heat exchanger transfers the heat of the machine to a gaseous or liquid medium.
It is also very advantageous if the heat exchanger transfers the machine heat to a solid medium and in particular if the heat exchanger is designed to be a geothermal heat exchanger.
It is extremely advantageous if in accordance with a further development of the invention a particle filter is provided on the air inlet.
Particles that are harmful to the machine are kept away from the inside of the housing as a result.
It has proved to be advantageous in this context if the particle filter has at least one fine metallic screen.
This guarantees that the fine screen can be cleaned and reused even when it has become very dirty.
It is in addition extremely advantageous if a magnet, particularly a permanent magnet, is located with one pole on the fine screen.
This is an effective way to keep out magnetic particles that could have the greatest impact on the machine.
It is very advantageous in this context if a connection is established between a second fine screen and the second pole of the magnet.
Any magnetic particles that manage to get through the first fine screen nevertheless are as a result stopped by the second fine screen.
It is also extremely advantageous if the fine screens are configured in such a way that they can be separated from the magnet.
The particles that have been caught are particularly easy to remove from the fine screens) after they have been separated from the magnet.
In another advantageous development of the invention, a filter is provided that is able to filter particles out of the flow of air that can be influenced electrically and/or magnetically.
Electrically charged particles that have a negative effect on the machine can also be kept out of the inside of the housing as a result.
In another advantageous development of the machine, the housing is designed in such a way that effective heat transmission is guaranteed between the housing and the surroundings.
This enables the machine to be operated without any danger of overheating even when it is completely enclosed.
Several different embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings:
Fig. l is a cross-section of a machine with cylindrical magnets and S2-shaped coils, Fig.2 is a side view of the machine showing the stator, Fig.3 is a side view of the rotor with permanent magnets that are arranged to permit their removal, Fig.4 is a side view of a machine that has been disassembled to some extent, Fig.S is a cross-section of another machine, Fig.6 is a side view of the machine shown in Fig. 5, Fig.7 is a side view of a magnet interlocked with the rotor, Fig.8 is a tangential view of the rotor with the same interlocked magnet, Fig.9 is a partial side view of a stator, that is covered on the outside with concentric rings made of wire, Fig.10 is a cross-section of another machine, which on the one hand has wire rings as shown in Fig. 9, while a cable support is located above the stator, Fig. l l shows a machine enclosed in a housing, with a heat exchanger to remove the waste heat of the machine, Fig.12 shows a further machine enclosed in a housing, with a geothermal heat exchanger to remove the waste heat of the machine, Fig.13 shows another machine enclosed in a housing, with air inlet openings protected by filters and with a discharge air duct and Fig.14 is a cross-section of a filter assembly with two fine screens and a permanent magnet.
1 in Fig. 1 is a machine that can be used either as a motor or as a generator.
A
rotor 3 to which support elements 4 are attached is located on a shaft 2.
Cylindrical permanent magnets S are provided on the outer end of these support elements 4. These permanent magnets 5 are surrounded by S2-shaped coils 6 leaving a small air gap between them, the coils 6 in turn being fixed in the stator.
section 7.
A side view of the stator 7 is shown in Fig. 2, where four coils 6 are provided.
The connection lines 8 for the coils 6 have been wired outwards, so that the coils 6 can be checked without the need for any dismantling if a fault occurs.
As is shown in the two Figures 3 and 4, not only the permanent magnets 5 together with their support elements 4 but also the coils can be removed easily to and can be refitted just as easily. Only the part concerned therefore has to be replaced in each case when repairs are needed.
In the embodiment shown in Figures 5 and 6, the shaft 52 of the machine 51 supports a rotor 53 with a larger diameter, to which the permanent magnets 5 are attached directly. Since the permanent magnets are difficult to fit and remove in this configuration, the coils 56 have a U-shaped cross-section. When appropriate covers have been taken off the stator housing, the coils 56 can be removed easily.
The coil connections 8 are provided on the outside here too so that checks are simple to make.
Fig. 7 shows a rotor 71 with openings 72, the radial sides 73 of which dovetail outwards. Permanent magnets 5, the shape of which corresponds to the shape of the openings 72, are fitted in these openings from the axial direction. The permanent magnets S are attached in the axial direction by screws 74 that are shown in Fig. 8 and that engage holes 75 drilled at the places where the openings 72 are widest. The permanent magnets 5 are held securely in the radial direction due to the dovetailed interlocking of the permanent magnets 5 with the rotor 71.
The centrifugal forces that are produced in the radial direction during operation and act on the permanent magnets 5 are compensated for in this way. It needs to be easy for the permanent magnets 5 to be removed in the axial direction, so they are only attached by two screws 74, as a result of which the magnets S are simple to replace.
In order to minimise undesirable effects on the environment due to the permanent magnets 5 rotating in the machine 1, concentric rings 9 made of insulated wire are provided on the outside of the stator 7 and outside the coils 6, as is shown in Fig. 9. The magnetic alternating fields of the rotating permanent magnets 5 generate currents in the rings 9 that are converted into heat.
A cable support 10, that is provided to accommodate the connection lines 8 which lead away from the coils 6, is located in the radial direction outside the stator 7 and the rotor 3 in Fig. 10. Air inlet openings 11 are in addition located close to the shaft 2, through which cooling air is supplied to the machine 1.
This cooling air is transported radially outwards by the rotary movement of the rotor, as a result of which the entire machine 1, including the coils 6, the shielding rings 9 and the connection lines 8 are cooled.
The machine 111 that is shown in Fig. 11 is surrounded completely by a housing 12. A discharge air duct 13, which leads to the air inlet opening 11 via a heat exchanger 14, is located where the housing 12 is radially widest. This means that the machine 111 is cooled by a self contained air circulation system, so that no contaminants can get inside the machine housing 12 via the cooling system.
This machine 111 can therefore be used even under extreme conditions. The waste heat is removed by the heat exchanger 14 via a duct system that is not shown in any detail in the drawing using a gaseous or liquid medium. Another conceivable possibility in this context is to take advantage of the latent heat of a medium in the heat exchanger 14. It is also possible to use a geothermal heat exchanger to remove the waste heat of the machine 111. The waste heat of the machine 111 is then fed into a solid medium such as a cool layer of earth.
Filters 16 that filter out particles which would be harmful to the machine 131 are provided on the air inlet openings 11 of the housing 12 to filter the air supplied to an open cooling air system of another machine 131. The filters 16 consist essentially of two fine metallic screens 17 and 18, each of which is connected to one pole of a permanent magnet 19. Due to the magnetism of the permanent magnet 19, magnetic particles that could pass through the fine screens 17 and because they are smaller than the mesh in them are attracted magnetically to the fine screens 17 and 18. The fine screens 17 and 18 are designed in such a way that they can be separated from the permanent magnet 19, as a result of which it is simple to clean off the magnetic particles that have settled on them.
This configuration makes it simple to adjust the magnets and the coils.
In another advantageous development of the invention, the permanent magnets are attached to the rotor via support elements.
This has the effect that the magnets can be replaced easily if this is required.
It is also very advantageous if in accordance with a further development of the invention the coils have a S2-shaped cross-section and the magnets are immediately next to the inside of the coils.
A particularly high degree of machine efficiency is reached as a result.
In another advantageous development of the invention, the support elements for the magnets are attached to the rotor in such a way that they can be replaced.
This makes it particularly easy to remove the magnets from the machine and to fit them back on it again.
It has also proved to be particularly advantageous if an interlocking facility is provided between the magnets and/or their support elements and the rotor, preferably in the radial direction.
A secure connection is established between the magnet and/or support element and the rotor as a result. High centrifugal forces that are produced are compensated for effectively.
It is also very advantageous if the magnets and/or their support elements are attached to the rotor so that they can be removed in the axial direction.
This guarantees that the magnets are simple to remove from the rotor.
It is also very advantageous if in accordance with a further development of the invention the connections for the coil are located so that they are accessible individually on the stator.
This makes it simple to check every individual coil if a fault occurs.
It has proved to be very advantageous if in accordance with a further development of the invention the magnets located behind each other have different polarity in each case.
The machine achieves a particularly high power yield as a result.
It is also particularly favourable if in accordance with a further development of the invention a pole reversal device is provided in the supply line to the coils.
As a result of this, the electric machine can on the one hand be operated with direct current voltage before the pole reversal device and with alternating current voltage after the pole reversal device when it is used as a motor, while alternating current voltage can on the other hand be tapped before the pole reversal device and direct current voltage can be tapped after the pole reversal device when the electric machine is used as a generator.
It has proved to be very favourable if in accordance with a further development of the invention the coil is annular and the profiles of the rotor and coil are adapted to each other.
A further advantageous development of the invention is characterised by the fact that several rotors and coil configurations are located behind each other in the axial direction of the machine.
It is also very favourable if in accordance with a further development of the invention at least two machines preferably in the form of motors with different diameters are located behind each other on a mutual machine shaft.
The different diameters mean that the motors have different torques, which can be very advantageous when the machine starts up in particular.
It has also proved to be extremely advantageous if the coils are formed from several coils that are only one wire layer thick in each case.
Easier and more precise shaping of the coils is possible as a result.
It is very advantageous in this context if the connections for the individual coils are wired individually and are in particular designed so that they can be connected in series and/or parallel.
It has also proved to be very advantageous if the individual coil layers are in particular glued together with an adhesive that conducts heat effectively.
This construction guarantees optimum coil design and good heat dissipation.
In a further advantageous development of the invention, shielding is provided on the outside of the stator that provides magnetic shielding in particular.
It is very advantageous in this context if the shielding is made from wire, particularly a plurality of soft iron wires.
It is also very advantageous in this context if the shielding wires are located in concentric circles around the shaft of the machine.
It has also proved to be advantageous if the shielding is made from sheet metal, particularly soft iron sheet metal.
Shielding the stator against magnetic and electric fields that act outwards reduces the effect on other machines in the surrounding area considerably.
In accordance with another development of the invention, it is very advantageous if a cable support is provided on the circumference of the rotor - stator assembly.
Tidy and simple cable guidance between the coils and out of the machine is guaranteed in this way.
In another very advantageous development of the invention, a housing is provided that encloses the entire rotor - stator assembly.
This on the one hand provides protection against contact, while it on the other hand effectively keeps dirt etc. away from the electric machine.
It is advantageous in this context if the housing has at least one air inlet opening in the immediate vicinity of the machine shaft.
It is also very advantageous in this context if the housing has at least one air outlet opening at least close to the point where the circumference is largest.
The air sucked in through the air inlet opening is accelerated towards where the rotor circumference is largest by the rotary movement of the rotor and leaves the housing via the air outlet opening. The machine is cooled effectively as a result.
Optimum flow over and around the coils is guaranteed as a result.
In a further advantageous development of the invention, the air outlet is connected to the air inlet via a heat exchanger provided between them.
This is an effective way to remove the waste heat of the machine and possibly to use it for another purpose.
It has proved to be very advantageous in this context if the heat exchanger transfers the heat of the machine to a gaseous or liquid medium.
It is also very advantageous if the heat exchanger transfers the machine heat to a solid medium and in particular if the heat exchanger is designed to be a geothermal heat exchanger.
It is extremely advantageous if in accordance with a further development of the invention a particle filter is provided on the air inlet.
Particles that are harmful to the machine are kept away from the inside of the housing as a result.
It has proved to be advantageous in this context if the particle filter has at least one fine metallic screen.
This guarantees that the fine screen can be cleaned and reused even when it has become very dirty.
It is in addition extremely advantageous if a magnet, particularly a permanent magnet, is located with one pole on the fine screen.
This is an effective way to keep out magnetic particles that could have the greatest impact on the machine.
It is very advantageous in this context if a connection is established between a second fine screen and the second pole of the magnet.
Any magnetic particles that manage to get through the first fine screen nevertheless are as a result stopped by the second fine screen.
It is also extremely advantageous if the fine screens are configured in such a way that they can be separated from the magnet.
The particles that have been caught are particularly easy to remove from the fine screens) after they have been separated from the magnet.
In another advantageous development of the invention, a filter is provided that is able to filter particles out of the flow of air that can be influenced electrically and/or magnetically.
Electrically charged particles that have a negative effect on the machine can also be kept out of the inside of the housing as a result.
In another advantageous development of the machine, the housing is designed in such a way that effective heat transmission is guaranteed between the housing and the surroundings.
This enables the machine to be operated without any danger of overheating even when it is completely enclosed.
Several different embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings:
Fig. l is a cross-section of a machine with cylindrical magnets and S2-shaped coils, Fig.2 is a side view of the machine showing the stator, Fig.3 is a side view of the rotor with permanent magnets that are arranged to permit their removal, Fig.4 is a side view of a machine that has been disassembled to some extent, Fig.S is a cross-section of another machine, Fig.6 is a side view of the machine shown in Fig. 5, Fig.7 is a side view of a magnet interlocked with the rotor, Fig.8 is a tangential view of the rotor with the same interlocked magnet, Fig.9 is a partial side view of a stator, that is covered on the outside with concentric rings made of wire, Fig.10 is a cross-section of another machine, which on the one hand has wire rings as shown in Fig. 9, while a cable support is located above the stator, Fig. l l shows a machine enclosed in a housing, with a heat exchanger to remove the waste heat of the machine, Fig.12 shows a further machine enclosed in a housing, with a geothermal heat exchanger to remove the waste heat of the machine, Fig.13 shows another machine enclosed in a housing, with air inlet openings protected by filters and with a discharge air duct and Fig.14 is a cross-section of a filter assembly with two fine screens and a permanent magnet.
1 in Fig. 1 is a machine that can be used either as a motor or as a generator.
A
rotor 3 to which support elements 4 are attached is located on a shaft 2.
Cylindrical permanent magnets S are provided on the outer end of these support elements 4. These permanent magnets 5 are surrounded by S2-shaped coils 6 leaving a small air gap between them, the coils 6 in turn being fixed in the stator.
section 7.
A side view of the stator 7 is shown in Fig. 2, where four coils 6 are provided.
The connection lines 8 for the coils 6 have been wired outwards, so that the coils 6 can be checked without the need for any dismantling if a fault occurs.
As is shown in the two Figures 3 and 4, not only the permanent magnets 5 together with their support elements 4 but also the coils can be removed easily to and can be refitted just as easily. Only the part concerned therefore has to be replaced in each case when repairs are needed.
In the embodiment shown in Figures 5 and 6, the shaft 52 of the machine 51 supports a rotor 53 with a larger diameter, to which the permanent magnets 5 are attached directly. Since the permanent magnets are difficult to fit and remove in this configuration, the coils 56 have a U-shaped cross-section. When appropriate covers have been taken off the stator housing, the coils 56 can be removed easily.
The coil connections 8 are provided on the outside here too so that checks are simple to make.
Fig. 7 shows a rotor 71 with openings 72, the radial sides 73 of which dovetail outwards. Permanent magnets 5, the shape of which corresponds to the shape of the openings 72, are fitted in these openings from the axial direction. The permanent magnets S are attached in the axial direction by screws 74 that are shown in Fig. 8 and that engage holes 75 drilled at the places where the openings 72 are widest. The permanent magnets 5 are held securely in the radial direction due to the dovetailed interlocking of the permanent magnets 5 with the rotor 71.
The centrifugal forces that are produced in the radial direction during operation and act on the permanent magnets 5 are compensated for in this way. It needs to be easy for the permanent magnets 5 to be removed in the axial direction, so they are only attached by two screws 74, as a result of which the magnets S are simple to replace.
In order to minimise undesirable effects on the environment due to the permanent magnets 5 rotating in the machine 1, concentric rings 9 made of insulated wire are provided on the outside of the stator 7 and outside the coils 6, as is shown in Fig. 9. The magnetic alternating fields of the rotating permanent magnets 5 generate currents in the rings 9 that are converted into heat.
A cable support 10, that is provided to accommodate the connection lines 8 which lead away from the coils 6, is located in the radial direction outside the stator 7 and the rotor 3 in Fig. 10. Air inlet openings 11 are in addition located close to the shaft 2, through which cooling air is supplied to the machine 1.
This cooling air is transported radially outwards by the rotary movement of the rotor, as a result of which the entire machine 1, including the coils 6, the shielding rings 9 and the connection lines 8 are cooled.
The machine 111 that is shown in Fig. 11 is surrounded completely by a housing 12. A discharge air duct 13, which leads to the air inlet opening 11 via a heat exchanger 14, is located where the housing 12 is radially widest. This means that the machine 111 is cooled by a self contained air circulation system, so that no contaminants can get inside the machine housing 12 via the cooling system.
This machine 111 can therefore be used even under extreme conditions. The waste heat is removed by the heat exchanger 14 via a duct system that is not shown in any detail in the drawing using a gaseous or liquid medium. Another conceivable possibility in this context is to take advantage of the latent heat of a medium in the heat exchanger 14. It is also possible to use a geothermal heat exchanger to remove the waste heat of the machine 111. The waste heat of the machine 111 is then fed into a solid medium such as a cool layer of earth.
Filters 16 that filter out particles which would be harmful to the machine 131 are provided on the air inlet openings 11 of the housing 12 to filter the air supplied to an open cooling air system of another machine 131. The filters 16 consist essentially of two fine metallic screens 17 and 18, each of which is connected to one pole of a permanent magnet 19. Due to the magnetism of the permanent magnet 19, magnetic particles that could pass through the fine screens 17 and because they are smaller than the mesh in them are attracted magnetically to the fine screens 17 and 18. The fine screens 17 and 18 are designed in such a way that they can be separated from the permanent magnet 19, as a result of which it is simple to clean off the magnetic particles that have settled on them.
Claims (34)
1. Electric machine with a rotor (3, 53) and a stator (7, 57), in which electric coils (6, 56) and permanent magnets (5) are located which influence each other when the rotor revolves, where the rotor (3, 53) contains the magnets (5) and the stator contains the coils (6, 56) and the coils (6, 56) do not have an iron core and at least one section of the coils extends transversely across the circumference of the rotor, wherein the coils (6, 56) are fitted in the stator (7, 57) individually and are bent in such a way that they extend on both sides of the rotor (3, 53) and enclose the magnets (5) located in the rotor to a large extent.
2. Electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the magnets (5) are cylindrical and are located at least approximately tangentially on the circumference of the rotor (3, 53).
3. Electric machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the permanent magnets (5) are attached to the rotor (3) via support elements (4).
4. Electric machine according to one of the previous claims, wherein the coils (6) have a .OMEGA.-shaped cross-section and the magnets (5) are immediately next to the inside of the coils.
5. Electric machine according to one of the previous claims, wherein the support elements (4) for the magnets (5) are attached to the rotor (3) in such a way that they can be replaced.
6. Electric machine according to one of the previous claims, wherein an interlocking facility (73) is provided between the magnets (5) and/or their support elements (4) and the rotor (3), preferably in the radial direction.
7. Electric machine according to one of the previous claims, wherein the magnets (5) and/or their support elements (4) are attached to the rotor (3) so that they can be removed in the axial direction.
8. Electric machine according to one of the previous claims, wherein the connections (8) for the coils (5, 56) are located so that they are accessible individually on the stator (7, 57).
9. Electric machine according to one of the previous claims, wherein the magnets (5) located behind each other have different polarity in each case.
10. Electric machine according to one of the previous claims, wherein a pole reversal device is provided in the supply line to the coils (6, 56).
11. Electric machine according to one of the previous claims, wherein the coil (6, 56) is annular and the profiles of the rotor (3, 5, 53) and the coil are adapted to each other.
12. Electric machine according to one of the previous claims, wherein several rotors (3, 53) and coil configurations are located behind each other in the axial direction of the machine.
13. Electric machine according to one of the previous claims, wherein at least two machines preferably in the form of motors with different diameters are located behind each other on a mutual machine shaft (2, 52).
14. Electric machine according to one of the previous claims, wherein the coils (6) are formed from several coils that are only one wire layer thick in each case.
15. Electric machine according to claim 14, wherein the connections for the individual coils are wired individually and are in particular designed so that they can be connected in series and/or parallel.
16. Electric machine according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the individual coil layers are in particular glued together with an adhesive that conducts heat effectively.
17. Electric machine according to one of the previous claims, wherein shielding (9) is provided on the outside of the stator (7) that provides magnetic shielding in particular.
18. Electric machine according to claim 17, wherein the shielding is made from wire (9), particularly a plurality of soft iron wires.
19. Electric machine according to claim 18, wherein the shielding wires (9) are located in concentric circles around the shaft of the machine.
20. Electric machine according to claim 17, 18 or 19, wherein the shielding is made from sheet metal, particularly soft iron sheet metal.
21. Electric machine according to one of the previous claims, wherein a cable support (10) is provided on the circumference of the rotor - stator assembly.
22. Electric machine according to one of the previous claims, wherein a housing (12) is provided that encloses the entire rotor - stator assembly.
23. Electric machine according to claim 22, wherein the housing (12) has at least one air inlet opening (11) in the immediate vicinity of the machine shaft (2).
24. Electric machine according to claim 22 or 23, wherein the housing (12) has at least one air outlet opening at least close to the point where the circumference is largest.
25. Electric machine according to claim 24, wherein the air outlet is connected to the air inlet via a heat exchanger (14, 15) provided between them.
26. Electric machine according to claim 25, wherein the heat exchanger (14) transfers the heat of the machine (111) to a gaseous or liquid medium.
27. Electric machine according to claim 24, wherein the heat exchanger (15) transfers the machine (111) heat to a solid medium and in particular wherein the heat exchanger is designed to be a geothermal heat exchanger (15).
28. Electric machine according to one of claims 23 to 27, wherein a particle filter (16) is provided on the air inlet.
29. Electric machine according to claim 28, wherein the particle filter (16) has at least one fine metallic screen (17, 18).
30. Electric machine according to claim 29, wherein a magnet, particularly a permanent magnet (19), is located with one pole on the fine screen (17).
31. Electric machine according to claim 30, wherein a connection is established between a second fine screen (18) and the second pole of the magnet (19).
32. Electric machine according to one of the claims 30 or 31, wherein the fine screens (17, 18) are configured in such a way that they can be separated from the magnet (19).
33. Electric machine according to one of the claims 28 to 32, wherein a filter (16) is provided that is able to filter particles out of the flow of air that can be influenced electrically and/or magnetically.
34. Electric machine according to claim 22, wherein the housing (12) is designed in such a way that effective heat transmission is guaranteed between the housing (12) and the surroundings.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19848503A DE19848503A1 (en) | 1998-10-21 | 1998-10-21 | Electrical machine has coils mounted individually in stator and are curved so that they extend on both sides of rotor and substantially enclose magnets mounted in rotor |
| DE19848503.4 | 1998-10-21 | ||
| PCT/EP1999/007919 WO2000024113A2 (en) | 1998-10-21 | 1999-10-19 | Electric machine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2347368A1 true CA2347368A1 (en) | 2000-04-27 |
Family
ID=7885167
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002347368A Abandoned CA2347368A1 (en) | 1998-10-21 | 1999-10-19 | Electric machine |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1123577B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2002529035A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1324510A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE543244T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU6474399A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2347368A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19848503A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000024113A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103026588B (en) * | 2010-07-27 | 2016-04-06 | 宋吉奉 | segmented armature motor |
| AT510358B1 (en) * | 2010-09-10 | 2015-07-15 | Traktionssysteme Austria Gmbh | PERMANENT MAGNETIC RUDDER ELECTRIC MACHINE |
| CL2014002887A1 (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-08-07 | Silva Luis Ignacio Garay | Electromagnetic motor that provides mechanical energy to a device, includes rotors that have permanent magnets on magnet holders, elements encapsulated by stators that have electro magnet holders, in which coil coils with coil are located in incomplete turns. |
| GB2549694A (en) * | 2016-04-04 | 2017-11-01 | Vastech Holdings Ltd | Electric motor |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01186143A (en) * | 1988-01-19 | 1989-07-25 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | Coreless armature and manufacture thereof, and molding tool for coreless armature |
| DE3933790C2 (en) * | 1989-10-10 | 1994-03-17 | Werner Anwander | Electrical machine with a rotor and a stator |
| NZ232333A (en) * | 1990-02-01 | 1993-12-23 | Cadac Holdings Ltd | Motor stator wound with high permeability material. |
| JPH05161287A (en) * | 1991-11-29 | 1993-06-25 | Fanuc Ltd | Rotor of synchronous apparatus |
| CA2167498A1 (en) * | 1993-07-19 | 1995-02-02 | Paul Evan Lillington | Electromagnetic machine with permanent magnet rotor |
| GB9510997D0 (en) * | 1995-05-31 | 1995-07-26 | Turbo Genset The Company Ltd | Rotary electrical machines |
-
1998
- 1998-10-21 DE DE19848503A patent/DE19848503A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-10-19 AT AT99952607T patent/ATE543244T1/en active
- 1999-10-19 AU AU64743/99A patent/AU6474399A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-10-19 EP EP99952607A patent/EP1123577B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-19 WO PCT/EP1999/007919 patent/WO2000024113A2/en active Application Filing
- 1999-10-19 CA CA002347368A patent/CA2347368A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-10-19 CN CN99812378A patent/CN1324510A/en active Pending
- 1999-10-19 JP JP2000577759A patent/JP2002529035A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE543244T1 (en) | 2012-02-15 |
| EP1123577B1 (en) | 2012-01-25 |
| AU6474399A (en) | 2000-05-08 |
| WO2000024113A3 (en) | 2000-08-31 |
| CN1324510A (en) | 2001-11-28 |
| JP2002529035A (en) | 2002-09-03 |
| WO2000024113A2 (en) | 2000-04-27 |
| DE19848503A1 (en) | 2000-04-27 |
| EP1123577A2 (en) | 2001-08-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |