CA2340845A1 - Built-in micro-speaker for wireless communication device - Google Patents

Built-in micro-speaker for wireless communication device Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2340845A1
CA2340845A1 CA 2340845 CA2340845A CA2340845A1 CA 2340845 A1 CA2340845 A1 CA 2340845A1 CA 2340845 CA2340845 CA 2340845 CA 2340845 A CA2340845 A CA 2340845A CA 2340845 A1 CA2340845 A1 CA 2340845A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
speaker
vibration system
micro
vibration
wireless communication
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
CA 2340845
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Bill Yang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cotron Corp
Original Assignee
Cotron Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cotron Corp filed Critical Cotron Corp
Publication of CA2340845A1 publication Critical patent/CA2340845A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06Loudspeakers
    • H04R9/063Loudspeakers using a plurality of acoustic drivers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/10Liquid cooling
    • H01F27/12Oil cooling
    • H01F27/14Expansion chambers; Oil conservators; Gas cushions; Arrangements for purifying, drying, or filling
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/10Telephone receivers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2209/00Details of transducers of the moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type covered by H04R9/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2209/026Transducers having separately controllable opposing diaphragms, e.g. for ring-tone and voice
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2499/00Aspects covered by H04R or H04S not otherwise provided for in their subgroups
    • H04R2499/10General applications
    • H04R2499/11Transducers incorporated or for use in hand-held devices, e.g. mobile phones, PDA's, camera's
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02Details
    • H04R9/025Magnetic circuit

Abstract

An integral micro-speaker having bi-directional dual magnetic field loops is provided. In general, the integral micro-speaker is incorporated into a wireless communication device such as a wireless telephone or a mobile telephone. The integral micro-speaker serves as a receiver and a speaker in a wireless telephone. The integral micro-speaker may further incorporate a vibrator for producing an added vibration function to the wireless telephone. In other words, a receiver, a speaker and a vibrator may be combined together to form an integral component inside the wireless telephone.

Description

FILE: 7284USF.RTF
BUILT-IN MICRO-SPEAKER FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION DEVICE
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application claims the priority benefit of U.S.A. provisional application serial no. not assigned, filed February 23, 2001.
Field of Invention BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Io The present invention relates to a micro-speaker for a wireless communication device. More particularly, the present invention relates to a bi-directional dual magnetic field loop integral micro-speaker built in a communication device.
Description of the Related Art Wireless communication devices such as wireless telephones or mobile telephones are necessary electrical devices for modern people. Especially, the mobile telephones become most popular communication devices around the world. Many communication manufacturing companies all focus on the development of the mobile telephones. Not only focus on providing more and more functions, but also focus on reducing costs for manufacturing the same.
2o Generally, when a mobile telephone receives electromagnetic waves, the mobile telephone will convert the waves into electrical signals. By using a speaker, the electrical signals are converted into voices, which are desired to transmitting to the user.
The mobile telephone also uses another speaker acting as a receiver. When the user of the mobile telephone tries to talk with someone using another mobile telephone, the user's voice will be converted into electrical signals by the speaker. The electrical I

FILE: 7284USF.RTF
signals will then be converted into electromagnetic waves and transmitted to the someone's mobile telephone. By this way, the users can communicate to each other.
In addition, a further function of vibration is introduced in new mobile telephones and become more and more popular. When the user receives a phone call from another user, the vibration function will cause the mobile telephone vibrates to let user know a phone call is coming.
However, for providing all of these receiving, transmitting and vibrating functions, the mobile telephone needs two speakers and one vibrating device, which increases costs for manufacturing. Furthermore, because now the mobile telephones to are required to be smaller than before, for installation of these three separate components, the print circuit board needs more space, which is not accepted by the requirement of the smaller mobile telephone.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
I5 Therefore, in order to overcome the disadvantages of the conventional apparatus, the invention provides an integral micro-speaker having bi-directional dual magnetic field loops, which is incorporated into a wireless communication device such as a wireless telephone or a mobile telephone. The integral micro-speaker serves as a receiver and a speaker in a wireless telephone. The integral micro-speaker may further 2o incorporate a vibrator for producing an added vibration function to the wireless telephone. In other words, a receiver, a speaker and a vibrator may be combined together to form an integral component inside the wireless telephone.
To achieve these and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, the invention provides a wireless FILE: 7284USF.RTF
communication device built-in micro-speaker. The micro-speaker including a supporting device, a first vibration system and a second vibration system. The first vibration system has a first pole plate, a first magnetic iron core, a first acoustic coil and a first vibration membrane. The second vibration system has a second pole plate, a second magnetic iron core, a second acoustic coil and a second vibration membrane.
The supporting device is interleaved between the first vibration system and the second vibration system. The second vibration system serves as a receiver of the wireless communication device, the first vibration system serves as a broadcasting speaker of the wireless communication device. For some case, the first vibration system and the Io second vibration system can be integrally formed in combination.
In the above-mentioned built-in micro-speaker, when the first vibration system serves as the broadcasting speaker of the wireless communication device, the first vibration system also serves as a vibration alarm producer and producing alarm vibration when receive a specified frequency signal.
I5 In the above-mentioned built-in micro-speaker, the frequency of the specified frequency signal is ranged from 90 to 110 Hz, and 100 Hz is preferred.
In the above-mentioned built-in micro-speaker, the supporting device is a yoke-like device.
The above-mentioned built-in micro-speaker further comprises a connecting 2o device for plugging into an external device for electrically coupling the external device.
The above-mentioned built-in micro-speaker further comprises a resonance mask for covering and protecting the second vibration system. The resonance mask further comprises a plurality of holes thereon for producing a resonance. The number FILE: 7284USF.RTF
of the holes on the resonance mask depends on a desired resonance frequency.
The size of the hole on the resonance mask depends on a desired resonance frequency.
To achieve these and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, the invention provides a built-in micro-speaker for a wireless communication device. The micro-speaker includes a supporting device, a first vibration system and a second vibration system. The first vibration system has a first pole plate, a first magnetic iron core, a first acoustic coil and a first vibration membrane. The second vibration system has a second pole plate, a second magnetic iron core, a second acoustic coil and a second vibration membrane.
1o The first vibration membrane is heavier than the second vibration membrane.
The supporting device is interleaved between the first vibration system and the second vibration system. The first vibration system and the second vibration system are integrally formed in combination. The second vibration system serves as a receiver of the wireless communication device and the first vibration system serves as a broadcasting speaker of the wireless communication device.
In the above-mentioned built-in micro-speaker, when the first vibration system serves as the broadcasting speaker of the wireless communication device, the first vibration system also serving as a vibration alarm producer and producing alarm vibration when receive a specified frequency signal.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The FILE: 7284USF.RTF
drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings, Figs. 1 A through 1 C are the respective top view, cross-sectional side view and bottom view of an integral micro-speaker fabricated according to this invention;
Fig. 2 is a detailed cross-sectional side view of the integral micro-speaker 105 as shown in Fig. 1B; and Figs. 3A and 3B are schematic diagrams showing the dual magnet loops and the electrical coiling around magnetic irons inside the micro-speaker of this invention.
to DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Wherever possible, the same reference numbers are used in the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts.
This invention is related to a type of integral micro-speaker having bi-directional dual magnetic field loops. In general, the integral micro-speaker is incorporated into a wireless communication device such as a wireless telephone or a mobile telephone.
The integral micro-speaker serves as a receiver and a speaker in a wireless telephone.
The integral micro-speaker may further incorporate a vibrator for producing an added 2o vibration function to the wireless telephone. In other words, a receiver, a speaker and a vibrator may be combined together to form an integral component inside the wireless telephone.
Figs. 1 A through 1 C are the respective top view, cross-sectional side view and bottom view of an integral micro-speaker fabricated according to this invention. As FILE: 7284USF.RTF
shown in Fig. 1B, the integral micro-speaker 105 includes two vibration systems: a first vibration system 110 and a second vibration system 120. Both vibration systems and 120 have a magnetic field loop. Each magnetic field loop includes an inner magnetic pole plate, an outer magnetic pole plate and a magnetic iron core.
Each of vibration systems 110 and 120 further includes an acoustic coil and a vibration membrane. The following is a more detailed description of the internal components of the integral micro-speaker according to this invention.
The integral micro-speaker 105 has a connecting device 140 for plugging into an external device such as a wireless telephone so that electrical signal can travel into and to out of the integral micro-speaker 105. The connecting device includes a number of contact fingers such as the lines 146 shown in Figs. 1A and 1C for transmitting signals.
In addition, the integral micro-speaker 105 further includes a resonance mask 150 for protecting the receiver. The resonance mask 150 may contain a plurality of holes thereon (four holes are shown in Fig. 1 C) for producing a resonance.
The I5 number of holes bored on the resonance mask 150 depends on the resonance frequency desired. Radius of these holes may also be changed to increase resonance effects. In other words, the number of holes and size of the holes on the resonance mask 150 can be considered individually or together.
Since both the vibration systems 110 and 120 can serve as a receiver or a 2o speaker for the integral micro-speaker 105, one of the vibration systems may serve as a receiver while the other may serve as a speaker. For example, if the vibration system 110 serves as a receiver, the vibration system 120 will serve as a speaker.
When the vibration system 110 serves as a receiver, a wireless communication device such as a wireless telephone may use the vibration system 110 to convert acoustic vibration into FILE: 7284USF.RTF
electrical signals. The electrical signal is sent through a cable to a user at the other end of the line or to a wireless network before going to a user connected to the network.
The vibration system 120, which now serves as a speaker inside the wireless communication device such as a wireless telephone, receives the acoustic-turned-electrical signals from the other user through a telephone cable or a network and converts to acoustic vibration. One major aspect of the integral micro-speaker 105 is the inclusion of two vibration systems. Obviously, the vibration system 110 may serve as a broadcasting speaker so that the vibration system 120 now serves as a receiver.
Since both types of arrangement are feasible in this invention, the scope of this 1o invention is not limited by this.
Furthermore, the micro-speaker of invention may be converted into an integral speaker system capable of serving as a receiver, a broadcasting speaker and a vibration alarm is required. All that is required is to convert a specified frequency signal, such as in a range from 90 to 110 Hz and 105 Hz is preferred for a normal wireless telephone, I5 into broadcasting vibration. In the preferred embodiment of this invention, the vibration system 110 may serve as such a vibration alarm producer. Because the vibration system 110 contains a heavier vibration membrane and a multitude of supporting rings 112 as shown in Fig. 1 A, a better vibrating effect may be obtained if used as a vibrator for alarming a user.
2o Fig. 2 is a detailed cross-sectional side view of the integral micro-speaker 105, as shown in Fig. 1 B, built in a wireless communication device 100. As shown in Fig.
2, the integral micro-speaker 105 comprises of an iron pan 202, a pair of magnetic iron core 212 and 218, an inner pole plate 210, an outer pole plate 216. The iron pan, magnetic iron cores and pole plates together form the dual magnetic field loops required FILE: 7284USF.RTF
by this invention. For example, the magnetic iron core 212 and the inner pole plate 210 form an inner magnetic field loop. The magnetic iron core 218 and the inner pole plate 216 form an outer magnetic field loop. There is a supporting device such as a yoke-like device 214 interleaved between two magnetic field loops. In general, the components constituting the dual magnetic loop structure are embedded within a rubbery basic framework 220 to form an integral unit.
The vibration system of this micro-speaker 105 includes a pair of acoustic coils 222 and 226 and a pair of vibration membranes 224 and 228. For example, as shown in Fig. 2, the vibration system 110 comprises of the acoustic coil 222 and the vibration 1o membrane 224. The other vibration system 120 comprises of the acoustic coil 226 and the vibration membrane 228. All these acoustic coils and vibration membranes are joined together forming an integral structure using rubber material.
The vibration system structures are placed over the aforementioned basic framework 220. The entire structure actually includes the rubber frame 220 with the respective vibration system structures glued onto the upper and lower surface of the rubber frame 220 respectively. The two independent magnetic field loops are connected to the connecting device 240 so that necessary signal can be transmitted to and from the respective vibration system.
Figs. 3A and 3B are schematic diagrams showing the dual magnet loops and the 2o electrical coiling around magnetic irons inside the micro-speaker of this invention.
The dual magnetic field loops are actually separate magnetic circuits. One magnetic circuit comprises of a magnetic iron 320 and a pole plate 310 at either end of the magnetic iron 320. The other magnetic circuit comprises of a magnetic iron 350 and a pole plates 340 at either end of the magnetic iron 350.
FILE: 7284USF.RTF
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the structure of the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. In view of the foregoing, it is intended that the present invention cover modifications and variations of this invention provided they fall within the scope of the following claims and their equivalents.

Claims (32)

1. A built-in micro-speaker for a wireless communication device, the micro-speaker including:
a supporting device;
a first vibration system, having a first pole plate, a first magnetic iron core, a first acoustic coil and a first vibration membrane;
a second vibration system, having a second pole plate, a second magnetic iron core, a second acoustic coil and a second vibration membrane, wherein the supporting device is interleaved between the first vibration system and the second vibration system, wherein the second vibration system serves as a receiver of the wireless communication device, the first vibration system serves as a broadcasting speaker of the wireless communication device.
2. The built-in micro-speaker of claim 1, wherein when the first vibration system serves as the broadcasting speaker of the wireless communication device, the first vibration system also serving as a vibration alarm producer and producing alarm vibration when receive a specified frequency signal.
3. The built-in micro-speaker of claim 2, wherein the frequency of the specified frequency signal is ranged from 90 to 110 Hz.
4. The built-in micro-speaker of claim 3, wherein the frequency of the specified frequency signal is about 100 Hz.
5. The built-in micro-speaker of claim 1, wherein the supporting device is a yoke-like device.
6. The built-in micro-speaker of claim 1, further comprising a connecting device for plugging into an external device for electrically coupling the external device.
7. The built-in micro-speaker of claim 1, further comprising a resonance mask for covering and protecting the second vibration system.
8. The built-in micro-speaker of claim 7, the resonance mask further comprising a plurality of holes thereon for producing a resonance.
9. The built-in micro-speaker of claim 8, the number of the holes on the resonance mask depending on a desired resonance frequency.
10. The built-in micro-speaker of claim 8, the size of the hole on the resonance mask depending on a desired resonance frequency.
11. A built-in micro-speaker for a wireless communication device, the micro-speaker including:
a supporting device;
a first vibration system, having a first pole plate, a first magnetic iron core, a first acoustic coil and a first vibration membrane;
a second vibration system, having a second pole plate, a second magnetic iron core, a second acoustic coil and a second vibration membrane, wherein the supporting device is interleaved between the first vibration system and the second vibration system, wherein the first vibration system and the second vibration system are integrally formed, wherein the second vibration system serves as a receiver of the wireless communication device, the first vibration system serves as a broadcasting speaker of the wireless communication device.
12. The built-in micro-speaker of claim 11, wherein when the first vibration system serves as the broadcasting speaker of the wireless communication device, the first vibration system also serving as a vibration alarm producer and producing alarm vibration when receive a specified frequency signal.
13. The built-in micro-speaker of claim 12, wherein the frequency of the specified frequency signal is ranged from 90 to 110 Hz.
14. The built-in micro-speaker of claim 13, wherein the frequency of the specified frequency signal is about 100 Hz.
15. The built-in micro-speaker of claim 11, wherein the supporting device is a yoke-like device.
16. The built-in micro-speaker of claim 11, further comprising a connecting device for plugging into an external device for electrically coupling the external device.
17. The built-in micro-speaker of claim 11, further comprising a resonance mask for covering and protecting the second vibration system.
18. The built-in micro-speaker of claim 17, the resonance mask further comprising a plurality of holes thereon for producing a resonance.
19. The built-in micro-speaker of claim 18, the number of the holes on the resonance mask depending on a desired resonance frequency.
20. The built-in micro-speaker of claim 18, the size of the hole on the resonance mask depending on a desired resonance frequency.
21. A built-in micro-speaker for a wireless communication device, the micro-speaker including:
a supporting device;
a first vibration system, having a first pole plate, a first magnetic iron core, a first acoustic coil and a first vibration membrane;
a second vibration system, having a second pole plate, a second magnetic iron core, a second acoustic coil and a second vibration membrane, wherein the first vibration membrane is heavier than the second vibration membrane, the supporting device being interleaved between the first vibration system and the second vibration system, the first vibration system and the second vibration system being integrally formed, the second vibration system serving as a receiver of the wireless communication device, the first vibration system serving as a broadcasting speaker of the wireless communication device.
22. The built-in micro-speaker of claim 21, wherein when the first vibration system serves as the broadcasting speaker of the wireless communication device, the first vibration system also serving as a vibration alarm producer and producing alarm vibration when receive a specified frequency signal.
23. A wireless communication device, comprising a built-in micro-speaker, wherein the micro-speaker comprising:
a supporting device;
a first vibration system, having a first pole plate, a first magnetic iron core, a first acoustic coil and a first vibration membrane;
a second vibration system, having a second pole plate, a second magnetic iron core, a second acoustic coil and a second vibration membrane, wherein the supporting device is interleaved between the first vibration system and the second vibration system, wherein the first vibration system and the second vibration system are integrally formed, wherein the second vibration system serves as a receiver of the wireless communication device, the first vibration system serves as a broadcasting speaker of the wireless communication device.
24. The wireless communication device of claim 23, wherein when the first vibration system serves as the broadcasting speaker of the wireless communication device, the first vibration system also serving as a vibration alarm producer and producing alarm vibration when receive a specified frequency signal.
25. The wireless communication device of claim 24, wherein the frequency of the specified frequency signal is ranged from 90 to 110 Hz.
26. The wireless communication device of claim 25, wherein the frequency of the specified frequency signal is 100 Hz.
27. The wireless communication device of claim 23, wherein the supporting device is a yoke-like device.
28. The built-in micro-speaker of claim 23, further comprising a connecting device for plugging into an external device for electrically coupling the external device.
29. The wireless communication device of claim 23, further comprising a resonance mask for covering and protecting the second vibration system.
30. The wireless communication device of claim 29, the resonance mask further comprising a plurality of holes thereon for producing a resonance.
31. The wireless communication device of claim 30, the number of the holes on the resonance mask depending on a desired resonance frequency.
32. The wireless communication device of claim 31, the size of the hole on the resonance mask depending on a desired resonance frequency.
CA 2340845 2001-02-23 2001-03-15 Built-in micro-speaker for wireless communication device Abandoned CA2340845A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US27111101P 2001-02-23 2001-02-23
US60/271,111 2001-02-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2340845A1 true CA2340845A1 (en) 2002-08-23

Family

ID=23034236

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA 2340845 Abandoned CA2340845A1 (en) 2001-02-23 2001-03-15 Built-in micro-speaker for wireless communication device

Country Status (9)

Country Link
AT (1) ATA6802001A (en)
AU (1) AU3517901A (en)
CA (1) CA2340845A1 (en)
DE (1) DE10112544A1 (en)
FI (1) FI20010744A (en)
FR (1) FR2821518A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2376371A (en)
SE (1) SE0101399A0 (en)
ZA (1) ZA200102911B (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI254588B (en) * 2004-03-18 2006-05-01 Cotron Corp Speaker module frame, speaker module therewith, and electrical device with the speaker module
DE102014218427B4 (en) * 2014-09-15 2016-06-02 Kendrion Kuhnke Automotive GmbH Loudspeaker, in particular electrodynamic loudspeaker
US10250994B2 (en) 2016-03-18 2019-04-02 Dolby International Ab Force balanced micro transducer array

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5701358A (en) * 1994-07-05 1997-12-23 Larsen; John T. Isobaric loudspeaker
JP3641819B2 (en) * 1998-03-05 2005-04-27 アツデン株式会社 Electric / acoustic transducer
DE19821862A1 (en) * 1998-05-15 1999-11-18 Nokia Deutschland Gmbh Flat panel loudspeaker
DE60040763D1 (en) * 1999-04-14 2008-12-18 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Electromechanical acoustic transducer
KR100336296B1 (en) * 1999-07-30 2002-05-13 장세열 Electric-Acoustic Transducer Having Dual Voice Coil Drivers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE0101399D0 (en) 2001-04-23
GB0106571D0 (en) 2001-05-09
GB2376371A (en) 2002-12-11
FR2821518A1 (en) 2002-08-30
ATA6802001A (en) 2005-10-15
AU3517901A (en) 2002-08-29
SE0101399A0 (en) 2002-08-24
DE10112544A1 (en) 2002-09-19
FI20010744A (en) 2002-08-24
ZA200102911B (en) 2002-01-10
SE0101399L (en) 2002-08-24
FI20010744A0 (en) 2001-04-10

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