CA2333882A1 - Methods of manufacture of nonwoven fabric - Google Patents
Methods of manufacture of nonwoven fabric Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2333882A1 CA2333882A1 CA002333882A CA2333882A CA2333882A1 CA 2333882 A1 CA2333882 A1 CA 2333882A1 CA 002333882 A CA002333882 A CA 002333882A CA 2333882 A CA2333882 A CA 2333882A CA 2333882 A1 CA2333882 A1 CA 2333882A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cellulose
- fibre
- fabric
- web
- fibres
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/425—Cellulose series
- D04H1/4258—Regenerated cellulose series
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/06—Wet spinning methods
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
- D01F2/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from solutions of cellulose in acids, bases or salts
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/425—Cellulose series
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/56—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving in association with fibre formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion of staple fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/013—Regenerated cellulose series
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/015—Natural yarns or filaments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
- D04H3/03—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments at random
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/14—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/16—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Abstract
A method of manufacture of a nonwoven cellulose fabric involves the fibres being formed by extruding a solution of cellulose through at least one spinning jet and subjecting the extrudate fibre to a high velocity gas flow. The fibre passes through a vapour mist which at least partially coagulates t he fibre prior to collection as a fibre web. By use of such method, a fabric having a high loft and a relatively low density may be obtained.
Description
~TSODS OF MANZ1FACTQR.B OF HON9POV>3N FABRIC
This invention relates to a method of manufacture of a aonwovea fabric made from cellulose and in particular from a solution of cellulose,.
Cellulose fibres and filaments may be produced by spinning a solution of cellulose in an amine oxide solvent which is then leached into water or a dilute solution of aqueous amine oxide, to produce cellulose filaments which can then be cut into staple fibres. The process of extrusion and coagulation is referred to as solvent spinning, and the fibres of solvent-spun cellulose so produced are known under the generic name of lyocel.l.
It is possible to produce small decitex fibres below 1.0 dtex by disintegrating staple fibres. However, this is costly, and requires a high energy consumption.
The present applicant's international patent application PCT/GB97/03391 discloses a method of manufacture of a nonwoven cellulose fibre made from fibres formed by extruding a solution of cellulose through at least one spinning jet and subjecting the extrudate fibre to a high velocity gas flow, the fibres being collected on a surface on which the fibre is subsequently coagulated. The fibres tend to bond together before coagulation forming a relatively dense nonwoven fabric which is highly bonded.
In some applications a highly bonded, high density fabric web is not desirable, for example for filtration materials, or for materials which require a high water holding capacity.
The present invention provides a method of manufacture of a nonwoven cellulose fabric having a high loft and a relatively low density. -According to the present invention there is provided a method of manufacture of a non-woven cellulose fabric in which extrudate fibre produced from a spinning jet is subjected to a high velocity gas flow, and the fibre is passed through a vapour mist which at least partially coagulates the fibre prior to its collection as a fibre web.
The extruded fibre is attenuated by the gas flow and may be broken down into indefinite lengths.
The vapour mist may be formed from any suitable coagulant. The mist is preferably an aqueous mist, although lower alkyl alcohols, for example, may also be used.
Conveniently, atomised water may be sprayed from a nozzle located below the spinning jet.
The cellulose solution is preferably a solution of cellulose in an amine oxide solvent, typically a tertiary N-amine oxide and in particular N-methylmorpholene-N-oxide (NbIMO) . The cellulose solution may contain 4-22% by weight of cellulose, preferably 10-15%, having a degree of polymerisation of 200-5,000, and more typically 400-1,000.
In a preferred embodiment the cellulose solution comprises 14% by weight of cellulose, 12% by weight water and 74 % by weight of NI~20, the cellulose having a degree of polymerisation of about 600.
The attenuated fibre-forming microfibres or fibrils are collected and are then further coagulated (alternatively referred to as being "regenerated") by means of water, yr a dilute aqueous solution of amine oxide containing up to 20%
amine oxide in water. The fibrils may be collected directly into a coagulation bath, or may be collected onto a surface and then further coagulated.
The gas, preferably air or dry steam, is blown onto tie extruded fibres at a velocity of between 200 m. s'1 (metres per WO 99/64649 PCTlGB99/01775 second) and 500 m.s'~ and has a temperature of between 100°C
and 155°C, preferably about 145°C for a cellulose concentration of 14-I5%. The lower the cellulose content of the dope, the lower the air temperature that can be used. The gas velocity should be at least 50 times higher than the velocity of the extrudate fibre emerging from the spinning jet, and preferably between 1,000 and 20,000 times said velocity. The air is directed onto the fibre extrudate at a bias angle, preferably of between 15° and 45° relative to the longitudinal axis of the extrudate, and more preferably about 30°. The air jets may also be biased at a second skew angle relative to the spinning jet so that the air jet axes and fibre axis do not intersect, the air jets being tangential to the surface of the fibre extrudate.
The fibre collecting surface may be flexible. or resilient. Preferably the fibre collection is made onto a bed of foam Which is preferably soaked in water or aqueous ND~iO
solution.
The invention also provides a nonwoven lyocell fabric in which the fibres are bonded or entangled together without the use of a binder, the fabric having a density no greater than 175 g.dm'', and/or a tensile extension to break of at least 7.
°.
The invention will hereinafter be described in more detail by way of e:~cample only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:-Figure 1 is a schematic drawing of an embodiment of apparatus for the production of a nonwoven fabric according to the present invention;
Figure 2 is a plain view of a spinning jet nozzle used in the apparatus of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a side elevation of the nozzle shown in Figure 2, with internal passages ghosted: and Figure 4 is an axial cross-section through the nozzle shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3.
With reference to Figure l, there is shown an extruder having a nozzle 11 attached thereto. The extruder is fed 5 with a solution comprising 14% by weight cellulose, 12% by weight of water and T4% by weight of N-methylmorpholene-N-oxide (N~IO) . The cellulose has an average degree of polymerisation of about 600.
The cellulose solution may be manufactured as is 10 described in WO 94/28217. The cellulose solution in the extruder is held at a temperature of between 95 and 110°C, preferably 105°C, and is forced through the nozzle to extrude as a continuous filament of cellulose dope.
The nozzle 11 is shown in Figures 2 and 3 and may be secured directly onto the extruder 10, or may be secured to an adapter (not shows) which in turn is secured to the extruder 10. The nozz7.e 11 has a hollow screw threaded stud 13 on its back face 12 and a central passageway 14 which terminates in a jet aperture 15. The jet has a diameter of between 0.2 and 0.3mm, and preferably about 0.27mm.
The cellulose dope is forced into the passageway 14 under pressure, and is extruded through the jet 15. The nozzle 11 also has a plurality oi: gas outlet passageways 16, preferably three, spaced around the central passageway 14. Each gas passageway 16 is incla.ned with respect to the jet axis, and they are circumferentially equally spaced around the jet 15 so that each gas stream exiting its respective passageway 16 has the same effect upon the extrudate filament.
The gas passageways 16 make a bias or convergence angle with the longitudinal axis of the jet of between 15° and 45°, and more preferably 30°. The passageways 16 are also skewed so that the axes of the passageways 16 do not themselves converge. The gas passageways are about 2.0 mm in diameter.
The back face 12 of: the nozzle has an annular groove 17 therein which interconnects the ends of the three passageways 16.
When the nozzle is secured to the extruder, the central passageway 14 is connected to the cellulose dope feed and the annular passageway 17 is connected to a gas supply, preferably compressed air.
With reference to Figure 1, compressed air is fed from a source (not shown) through a flow regulator valve 21, a flow meter 22, a heater 23 and a temperature sensor 24, to the air passageway 17 in the nozzle. The sensor 24 may be connected to the air heater 23 for control of the air temperature.
The extrudate filaments emerging from the nozzle 11 are subjected to attenuation by high velocity air streams 25 emerging from the outlet passageways 16, and the filament is drawn and may be fractured and either blown directly into a coagulation bath 27 or, preferably, blown onto a support surface 26 situated about 30 cm from the nozzle 11. The cellulose dope flow rate is preferably about 0.2 g.min'1. In the illustrated embodiment the support surface 26 is formed by the outer peripheral surface of a rotatable drum 28, which turns at about 10 revolutions per minute (rpm) to build up a layer of nonwaven fabric on the drum.
The extrudate filaments pass through a fine mist 30 of water vapour, generated by water sprayed from an air atomising nozzle 32 located about 10 cm below nozzle 11.
The surface of the drum may be covered in compliant material such as a layer of foam, preferably a 2mm thick layer of polyurethane foam having an average cell size of 50~,m. The foam may be soaked in water or an aqueous solution of DTI~IO.
Subsequent to the formation of the nonwoven fabric layer on the drum 28, the drum 28 is immersed in a coagulant bath 27 containing a suitable coagulant such as water or a dilute solution of amine oxide in water, to coagulate the nonwoven cellulose fabric on the drum. The fabric layer is then dried on the drum after washing to remove solvent.
Table 1 below summarises the various conditions used in the formation of extruded filament.
Table 1 Sample Method of Air Air flowrate Mean fibre referencelaydown temperature (l.s'') diameter (~Cm) (C) 1 Collected dry 145 2.5 7 2 Collected on 148 2.3 5 wet surface 3 + water 147 2.3 5 aerosol 4 ~~ + compliant 145 2.3 7 surface An air flow rate of 2.4 l.s'1 (litres/second) corresponds approximately to air velocity of 250 m.s'1.
Samples 3 and 4 were made in accordance with present inventions.
Table 2 below summarises web loftiness by way of thickness measurements, carried out using a Mitutoyo Dial Thickness Gauge, fitted with film/web measurement plates.
Because basis weights are different, the thickness is normalised to a basis weight of 25 g.m'2.
Table 2 Sample Basis Weight Web ThicknessNormalised density 25reference(g.m'Z) (gym) Thickness (g.dm-') (um/25g.m'Z) 1 25.3 113 112 223 2 28.3 145 128 195 3 28.0 168 150 166 4 22.5 163 181 138 It can be seen that the samples according to the invention produce less dense fabrics having a density no greater than 17 0 g . dmu' .
With reference to Sample 4, it is believed that the foam serves two purposes, namely (a) nascent fibres striking a hard collector surface tend to fuse on impact - a compliant surface removes some of the impact energy and reduces bonding and (b) on compression of the foam at impact, coagulant contained in its pores is expressed to the surface and aids rapid regeneration.
To assess mechanical properties, strips were cut from the webs, 5 mm in width, and tested on a Testometric PCX
materials tensile tester at a gauge length of 20 mm and at cross head speed of 20 mm/min. Along with the absolute tensile strengths, the tensile strengths are also shown normalised to a basis weight of the web of 25 g.m'Z, which better reflects the comparative mechanical properties, as basis weight variations are eliminated.
Table 3 summarises the properties of the fabric webs formed on the drum 26.
Table 3 Sample reference Tensile strength Elongation O Comments (N) normalised to break (mm) :?5 g.m'z 1 3.7 0.7 Clean breaks 2 0.2 0.85 Fairly clean breaks 3 0.41 1.54 Sample maintained integrity after "breaking"
4 0.09 2.5 Sample maintained integrity after "breaking"
For samples 2, 3 and 4, where the surface of the drum is partially immersed in the coagulation bath so that the drum surface is wet, further coagulation takes place on contact _ g _ with the wet drum or previously laid fibres.
For sample 1, the surface of the drum is dry and the fabric is regenerated. after build up on the drum.
Samples 3 and 4, collected on the drum after passing through the vapour mist, clearly had lower tensile strength but greater extension to break whilst still maintaining some integrity after the break point. These high loft material are suitable for use as filters and high absorbency materials.
Whilst the invention has been described for the attenuation of cellulose dope containing 14% cellulose, it can be applied to other dopes as is described in PCT/GB97/03391, the contents of which are hereby incorporated into the present application by way of reference.
This invention relates to a method of manufacture of a aonwovea fabric made from cellulose and in particular from a solution of cellulose,.
Cellulose fibres and filaments may be produced by spinning a solution of cellulose in an amine oxide solvent which is then leached into water or a dilute solution of aqueous amine oxide, to produce cellulose filaments which can then be cut into staple fibres. The process of extrusion and coagulation is referred to as solvent spinning, and the fibres of solvent-spun cellulose so produced are known under the generic name of lyocel.l.
It is possible to produce small decitex fibres below 1.0 dtex by disintegrating staple fibres. However, this is costly, and requires a high energy consumption.
The present applicant's international patent application PCT/GB97/03391 discloses a method of manufacture of a nonwoven cellulose fibre made from fibres formed by extruding a solution of cellulose through at least one spinning jet and subjecting the extrudate fibre to a high velocity gas flow, the fibres being collected on a surface on which the fibre is subsequently coagulated. The fibres tend to bond together before coagulation forming a relatively dense nonwoven fabric which is highly bonded.
In some applications a highly bonded, high density fabric web is not desirable, for example for filtration materials, or for materials which require a high water holding capacity.
The present invention provides a method of manufacture of a nonwoven cellulose fabric having a high loft and a relatively low density. -According to the present invention there is provided a method of manufacture of a non-woven cellulose fabric in which extrudate fibre produced from a spinning jet is subjected to a high velocity gas flow, and the fibre is passed through a vapour mist which at least partially coagulates the fibre prior to its collection as a fibre web.
The extruded fibre is attenuated by the gas flow and may be broken down into indefinite lengths.
The vapour mist may be formed from any suitable coagulant. The mist is preferably an aqueous mist, although lower alkyl alcohols, for example, may also be used.
Conveniently, atomised water may be sprayed from a nozzle located below the spinning jet.
The cellulose solution is preferably a solution of cellulose in an amine oxide solvent, typically a tertiary N-amine oxide and in particular N-methylmorpholene-N-oxide (NbIMO) . The cellulose solution may contain 4-22% by weight of cellulose, preferably 10-15%, having a degree of polymerisation of 200-5,000, and more typically 400-1,000.
In a preferred embodiment the cellulose solution comprises 14% by weight of cellulose, 12% by weight water and 74 % by weight of NI~20, the cellulose having a degree of polymerisation of about 600.
The attenuated fibre-forming microfibres or fibrils are collected and are then further coagulated (alternatively referred to as being "regenerated") by means of water, yr a dilute aqueous solution of amine oxide containing up to 20%
amine oxide in water. The fibrils may be collected directly into a coagulation bath, or may be collected onto a surface and then further coagulated.
The gas, preferably air or dry steam, is blown onto tie extruded fibres at a velocity of between 200 m. s'1 (metres per WO 99/64649 PCTlGB99/01775 second) and 500 m.s'~ and has a temperature of between 100°C
and 155°C, preferably about 145°C for a cellulose concentration of 14-I5%. The lower the cellulose content of the dope, the lower the air temperature that can be used. The gas velocity should be at least 50 times higher than the velocity of the extrudate fibre emerging from the spinning jet, and preferably between 1,000 and 20,000 times said velocity. The air is directed onto the fibre extrudate at a bias angle, preferably of between 15° and 45° relative to the longitudinal axis of the extrudate, and more preferably about 30°. The air jets may also be biased at a second skew angle relative to the spinning jet so that the air jet axes and fibre axis do not intersect, the air jets being tangential to the surface of the fibre extrudate.
The fibre collecting surface may be flexible. or resilient. Preferably the fibre collection is made onto a bed of foam Which is preferably soaked in water or aqueous ND~iO
solution.
The invention also provides a nonwoven lyocell fabric in which the fibres are bonded or entangled together without the use of a binder, the fabric having a density no greater than 175 g.dm'', and/or a tensile extension to break of at least 7.
°.
The invention will hereinafter be described in more detail by way of e:~cample only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:-Figure 1 is a schematic drawing of an embodiment of apparatus for the production of a nonwoven fabric according to the present invention;
Figure 2 is a plain view of a spinning jet nozzle used in the apparatus of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a side elevation of the nozzle shown in Figure 2, with internal passages ghosted: and Figure 4 is an axial cross-section through the nozzle shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3.
With reference to Figure l, there is shown an extruder having a nozzle 11 attached thereto. The extruder is fed 5 with a solution comprising 14% by weight cellulose, 12% by weight of water and T4% by weight of N-methylmorpholene-N-oxide (N~IO) . The cellulose has an average degree of polymerisation of about 600.
The cellulose solution may be manufactured as is 10 described in WO 94/28217. The cellulose solution in the extruder is held at a temperature of between 95 and 110°C, preferably 105°C, and is forced through the nozzle to extrude as a continuous filament of cellulose dope.
The nozzle 11 is shown in Figures 2 and 3 and may be secured directly onto the extruder 10, or may be secured to an adapter (not shows) which in turn is secured to the extruder 10. The nozz7.e 11 has a hollow screw threaded stud 13 on its back face 12 and a central passageway 14 which terminates in a jet aperture 15. The jet has a diameter of between 0.2 and 0.3mm, and preferably about 0.27mm.
The cellulose dope is forced into the passageway 14 under pressure, and is extruded through the jet 15. The nozzle 11 also has a plurality oi: gas outlet passageways 16, preferably three, spaced around the central passageway 14. Each gas passageway 16 is incla.ned with respect to the jet axis, and they are circumferentially equally spaced around the jet 15 so that each gas stream exiting its respective passageway 16 has the same effect upon the extrudate filament.
The gas passageways 16 make a bias or convergence angle with the longitudinal axis of the jet of between 15° and 45°, and more preferably 30°. The passageways 16 are also skewed so that the axes of the passageways 16 do not themselves converge. The gas passageways are about 2.0 mm in diameter.
The back face 12 of: the nozzle has an annular groove 17 therein which interconnects the ends of the three passageways 16.
When the nozzle is secured to the extruder, the central passageway 14 is connected to the cellulose dope feed and the annular passageway 17 is connected to a gas supply, preferably compressed air.
With reference to Figure 1, compressed air is fed from a source (not shown) through a flow regulator valve 21, a flow meter 22, a heater 23 and a temperature sensor 24, to the air passageway 17 in the nozzle. The sensor 24 may be connected to the air heater 23 for control of the air temperature.
The extrudate filaments emerging from the nozzle 11 are subjected to attenuation by high velocity air streams 25 emerging from the outlet passageways 16, and the filament is drawn and may be fractured and either blown directly into a coagulation bath 27 or, preferably, blown onto a support surface 26 situated about 30 cm from the nozzle 11. The cellulose dope flow rate is preferably about 0.2 g.min'1. In the illustrated embodiment the support surface 26 is formed by the outer peripheral surface of a rotatable drum 28, which turns at about 10 revolutions per minute (rpm) to build up a layer of nonwaven fabric on the drum.
The extrudate filaments pass through a fine mist 30 of water vapour, generated by water sprayed from an air atomising nozzle 32 located about 10 cm below nozzle 11.
The surface of the drum may be covered in compliant material such as a layer of foam, preferably a 2mm thick layer of polyurethane foam having an average cell size of 50~,m. The foam may be soaked in water or an aqueous solution of DTI~IO.
Subsequent to the formation of the nonwoven fabric layer on the drum 28, the drum 28 is immersed in a coagulant bath 27 containing a suitable coagulant such as water or a dilute solution of amine oxide in water, to coagulate the nonwoven cellulose fabric on the drum. The fabric layer is then dried on the drum after washing to remove solvent.
Table 1 below summarises the various conditions used in the formation of extruded filament.
Table 1 Sample Method of Air Air flowrate Mean fibre referencelaydown temperature (l.s'') diameter (~Cm) (C) 1 Collected dry 145 2.5 7 2 Collected on 148 2.3 5 wet surface 3 + water 147 2.3 5 aerosol 4 ~~ + compliant 145 2.3 7 surface An air flow rate of 2.4 l.s'1 (litres/second) corresponds approximately to air velocity of 250 m.s'1.
Samples 3 and 4 were made in accordance with present inventions.
Table 2 below summarises web loftiness by way of thickness measurements, carried out using a Mitutoyo Dial Thickness Gauge, fitted with film/web measurement plates.
Because basis weights are different, the thickness is normalised to a basis weight of 25 g.m'2.
Table 2 Sample Basis Weight Web ThicknessNormalised density 25reference(g.m'Z) (gym) Thickness (g.dm-') (um/25g.m'Z) 1 25.3 113 112 223 2 28.3 145 128 195 3 28.0 168 150 166 4 22.5 163 181 138 It can be seen that the samples according to the invention produce less dense fabrics having a density no greater than 17 0 g . dmu' .
With reference to Sample 4, it is believed that the foam serves two purposes, namely (a) nascent fibres striking a hard collector surface tend to fuse on impact - a compliant surface removes some of the impact energy and reduces bonding and (b) on compression of the foam at impact, coagulant contained in its pores is expressed to the surface and aids rapid regeneration.
To assess mechanical properties, strips were cut from the webs, 5 mm in width, and tested on a Testometric PCX
materials tensile tester at a gauge length of 20 mm and at cross head speed of 20 mm/min. Along with the absolute tensile strengths, the tensile strengths are also shown normalised to a basis weight of the web of 25 g.m'Z, which better reflects the comparative mechanical properties, as basis weight variations are eliminated.
Table 3 summarises the properties of the fabric webs formed on the drum 26.
Table 3 Sample reference Tensile strength Elongation O Comments (N) normalised to break (mm) :?5 g.m'z 1 3.7 0.7 Clean breaks 2 0.2 0.85 Fairly clean breaks 3 0.41 1.54 Sample maintained integrity after "breaking"
4 0.09 2.5 Sample maintained integrity after "breaking"
For samples 2, 3 and 4, where the surface of the drum is partially immersed in the coagulation bath so that the drum surface is wet, further coagulation takes place on contact _ g _ with the wet drum or previously laid fibres.
For sample 1, the surface of the drum is dry and the fabric is regenerated. after build up on the drum.
Samples 3 and 4, collected on the drum after passing through the vapour mist, clearly had lower tensile strength but greater extension to break whilst still maintaining some integrity after the break point. These high loft material are suitable for use as filters and high absorbency materials.
Whilst the invention has been described for the attenuation of cellulose dope containing 14% cellulose, it can be applied to other dopes as is described in PCT/GB97/03391, the contents of which are hereby incorporated into the present application by way of reference.
Claims (18)
1. A method of manufacture of a nonwoven cellulose fabric made from fibres formed by extruding a solution of cellulose is an amine oxide solvent through at least one spinning jet and subjecting the extrudate fibre to a high velocity gas flow, the fibre passing through a vapour mist Which at least partially coagulates the fibre prior to collection as a fibre web.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vapour mist is an aqueous mist.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the gas flow rate is at least 200 meters per second.
4. A method as claimed is claim 3, wherein the gas flow is at least 50 times faster than the flow rate of the extrudate.
5. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the gas of the gas flow has a temperature of at least 100°C.
6. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the mist is formed by an atomiser nozzle which is spaced from and below the spinning jet.
7. A method as claimed is any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cellulose solution contains from 4-22% by weight cellulose, preferably about 10 to 15% by weight of cellulose.
8. A method as claimed is any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the cellulose has an average degree of polymerisation of about 600.
9. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein said gas flow comprises compressed air which is directed onto the fibres at a bias angle of about 30°C to the axis of the extrudate fibre.
10. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the fibre web is collected onto a dry surface and the web is subsequently further treated with coagulant.
11. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the fibre web is collected on a surface which is wetted by coagulant.
12. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the fibre web is collected on a compliant surface.
13. A method as claimed is claim 12, wherein the compliant surface is provided by a foam layer about 2 mm in thickness.
14. A nonwoven lyocell fabric in which the fibres entangle or bond together without a binder and which has been made by a method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13.
15. A nonwoven lyocell fabric web in which fibres are bonded together without the use of a binder, the fabric web having a density of less than 175 g.dm-3.
16. A nonwoven fabric as claimed in claim 14, wherein the fabric has as elongation to break of at least 7%.
17. A nonwoven lyocell fabric web in which the fibres are bonded together without the use of a binder, where the fabric web has an elongation to break of at least 7%.
18. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the solution of cellulose consists of 14 parts by Weight of cellulose having a degree of polymerisation of about 600 is an amine oxide solvent consisting of 12 parts by weight of water and 74 parts by weight of N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9812089.2 | 1998-06-05 | ||
GB9812089A GB2337957A (en) | 1998-06-05 | 1998-06-05 | Method of manufacture of a nonwoven fabric |
PCT/GB1999/001775 WO1999064649A1 (en) | 1998-06-05 | 1999-06-04 | Methods of manufacture of nonwoven fabric |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2333882A1 true CA2333882A1 (en) | 1999-12-16 |
Family
ID=10833247
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002333882A Abandoned CA2333882A1 (en) | 1998-06-05 | 1999-06-04 | Methods of manufacture of nonwoven fabric |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1093536B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4373008B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100563788B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1161502C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE251239T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU4158299A (en) |
BR (1) | BR9910862A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2333882A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69911776T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2209444T3 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2337957A (en) |
ID (1) | ID27038A (en) |
TR (1) | TR200003602T2 (en) |
TW (1) | TW419543B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999064649A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (52)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6306334B1 (en) | 1996-08-23 | 2001-10-23 | The Weyerhaeuser Company | Process for melt blowing continuous lyocell fibers |
US6331354B1 (en) | 1996-08-23 | 2001-12-18 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Alkaline pulp having low average degree of polymerization values and method of producing the same |
US6210801B1 (en) | 1996-08-23 | 2001-04-03 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Lyocell fibers, and compositions for making same |
US6471727B2 (en) | 1996-08-23 | 2002-10-29 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Lyocell fibers, and compositions for making the same |
US6221487B1 (en) * | 1996-08-23 | 2001-04-24 | The Weyerhauser Company | Lyocell fibers having enhanced CV properties |
US6235392B1 (en) | 1996-08-23 | 2001-05-22 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Lyocell fibers and process for their preparation |
US6773648B2 (en) | 1998-11-03 | 2004-08-10 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Meltblown process with mechanical attenuation |
DE10065859B4 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2006-08-24 | Gerking, Lüder, Dr.-Ing. | Method and apparatus for producing substantially endless fine threads |
US7008889B2 (en) | 2001-09-07 | 2006-03-07 | Polymer Group, Inc. | Imaged nonwoven fabric comprising lyocell fibers |
EP1608802B1 (en) * | 2003-04-03 | 2006-06-28 | E.I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Process for forming uniformly distributed material |
DE102006014171A1 (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2007-09-27 | Thüringisches Institut für Textil- und Kunststoff-Forschung e.V. | Panel radiator for use in the field of heating voltage, has electrically conductive cellulose non-woven material that forms electrical resistance required for heating, and two electrical strips, which electrically contacts the material |
US20090312731A1 (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2009-12-17 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Nonwoven Melt-Blown Product |
AT503625B1 (en) | 2006-04-28 | 2013-10-15 | Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag | WATER-IRRADIZED PRODUCT CONTAINING CELLULASIC FIBERS |
AT505621B1 (en) | 2007-11-07 | 2009-03-15 | Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag | METHODS FOR PRODUCING A WATER-IRRADIZED PRODUCT CONTAINING CELLULOSIC FIBERS |
CN102560902A (en) * | 2012-01-12 | 2012-07-11 | 天津工业大学 | Method for producing viscose cellulose spun-laid nonwoven |
AT516414B1 (en) | 2014-10-28 | 2017-07-15 | Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag | Liquid-soaked non-woven fabric containing zinc oxide-containing cellulose fibers |
EP3144376A1 (en) | 2015-09-16 | 2017-03-22 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Use of a lyocell fibre |
AT519489B1 (en) | 2016-10-21 | 2021-11-15 | Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag | Method and apparatus for producing cellulose-based nonwovens which are formed directly from Lyocell spinning solution |
WO2018184042A1 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-11 | Lenzing Ag | A nonwoven web designed for use in an industrial cleaning wipe |
KR102298010B1 (en) * | 2017-04-03 | 2021-09-03 | 렌징 악티엔게젤샤프트 | Continuous filament cellulosic nonwoven fabric made by multiple bonding techniques |
WO2018184043A1 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-11 | Lenzing Ag | A nonwoven web designed for use in a clean room wipe |
EP3385435A1 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-10 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric with different sets of pores |
EP3385428A1 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-10 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric with fibers having non-circular cross section |
WO2018184039A1 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-11 | Lenzing Ag | A nonwoven web designed for use as a dryer sheet |
WO2018184045A1 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-11 | Lenzing Ag | A nonwoven web designed for use as a hot cooking oil filter media |
WO2018184040A1 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-11 | Lenzing Ag | A nonwoven web designed for use in a cleaning and disinfecting wipe |
WO2018184048A1 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-11 | Lenzing Ag | A nonwoven web designed for use as a wipes substrate |
WO2018184047A1 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-11 | Lenzing Ag | A nonwoven web designed for use in a healthcare wiper |
EP3385429A1 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-10 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric with fiber connected radiation diffusing particles |
EP3385430A1 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-10 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Optically transparent wet nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric |
WO2018184050A1 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-11 | Lenzing Ag | A nonwoven web designed for use in a wound care product |
EP3385427A1 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-10 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric with fiber diameter distribution |
EP3385431A1 (en) * | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-10 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric with homogeneously merged fibers |
EP3385434A1 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-10 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric with merged fibers |
WO2018184041A1 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-11 | Lenzing Ag | A nonwoven web designed for use in a beauty face mask |
EP3385426A1 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-10 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric with increased water holding capability and low basis weight |
EP3385432A1 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-10 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric with extremely low heavy metal content |
WO2018184046A1 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-11 | Lenzing Ag | A nonwoven material designed for use as filter media |
WO2018184044A1 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-11 | Lenzing Ag | A nonwoven web designed for use in a wet floor cleaning wipe |
WO2018184051A1 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-11 | Lenzing Ag | A nonwoven material designed for use in absorbent core structures with intrinsic acquistion/distribution capabilities |
EP3385425A1 (en) * | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-10 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric with increased oil absorbing capability |
WO2018184049A1 (en) | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-11 | Lenzing Ag | A nonwoven material designed for use in hygiene applications |
EP3385433A1 (en) * | 2017-04-03 | 2018-10-10 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Nonwoven cellulose fiber fabric with tailored liquid wicking capability |
CN110578179A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2019-12-17 | 郑州中远氨纶工程技术有限公司 | Production method and production device of cellulose fiber filaments |
EP3604652B1 (en) | 2018-07-31 | 2023-09-06 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Nonwoven fabric, use of the nonwoven fabric and wipe, dryer cloth and face mask containing the nonwoven fabric |
EP3636672A1 (en) | 2018-10-09 | 2020-04-15 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Marking of a regenerated cellulosic material |
CN109554828B (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2021-06-22 | 复旦大学 | Preparation method of ultralow-quantitative regenerated cellulose fiber screen |
EP3696317A1 (en) | 2019-02-15 | 2020-08-19 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Spun-dyed fiber and method for its manufacture |
TWI770569B (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2022-07-11 | 新麗企業股份有限公司 | Nonwoven fabric manufacturing equipment and manufacturing method thereof |
EP4163430A1 (en) | 2021-10-08 | 2023-04-12 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Nonwoven layer comprising a network of substantially endless regenerated cellulosic fibers |
EP4215170A1 (en) | 2022-01-20 | 2023-07-26 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Nonwoven layer comprising a network of substantially continuous regenerated cellulosic fibers |
EP4293148A1 (en) | 2022-06-15 | 2023-12-20 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Nonwoven layer comprising a network of substantially continuous regenerated cellulosic fibers |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2463676A (en) * | 1945-06-18 | 1949-03-08 | Celanese Corp | Dry spinning apparatus and method for the production of artificial filaments |
US3415922A (en) * | 1965-07-02 | 1968-12-10 | Monsanto Co | Mist spinning |
US4261943A (en) * | 1979-07-02 | 1981-04-14 | Akzona Incorporated | Process for surface treating cellulose products |
JP2739509B2 (en) * | 1989-12-28 | 1998-04-15 | ダイセル化学工業株式会社 | Method for producing hollow fiber membrane and tubular material used therefor |
AT401393B (en) * | 1994-09-05 | 1996-08-26 | Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag | METHOD FOR PRODUCING CELLULOSE FIBERS |
US5545371A (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1996-08-13 | Ason Engineering, Inc. | Process for producing non-woven webs |
FR2735794B1 (en) * | 1995-06-26 | 1997-09-19 | Elysees Balzac Financiere | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A MIXTURE OF CELLULOSIC FIBERS AND MICROFIBERS |
GB9607456D0 (en) * | 1996-04-10 | 1996-06-12 | Courtaulds Fibres Holdings Ltd | Spinning of filaments |
ATE225418T1 (en) * | 1996-08-23 | 2002-10-15 | Weyerhaeuser Co | LYOCELL FIBERS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
-
1998
- 1998-06-05 GB GB9812089A patent/GB2337957A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-05-21 TW TW088108594A patent/TW419543B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-06-04 ES ES99925203T patent/ES2209444T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-04 CN CNB998070343A patent/CN1161502C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-04 AT AT99925203T patent/ATE251239T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-06-04 EP EP99925203A patent/EP1093536B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-04 JP JP2000553637A patent/JP4373008B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-04 WO PCT/GB1999/001775 patent/WO1999064649A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-06-04 DE DE69911776T patent/DE69911776T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-04 BR BR9910862-3A patent/BR9910862A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-06-04 AU AU41582/99A patent/AU4158299A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-06-04 CA CA002333882A patent/CA2333882A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-06-04 KR KR1020007013428A patent/KR100563788B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-06-04 TR TR2000/03602T patent/TR200003602T2/en unknown
- 1999-06-04 ID IDW20002525A patent/ID27038A/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69911776D1 (en) | 2003-11-06 |
GB2337957A (en) | 1999-12-08 |
DE69911776T2 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
KR100563788B1 (en) | 2006-03-27 |
JP4373008B2 (en) | 2009-11-25 |
ID27038A (en) | 2001-02-22 |
ATE251239T1 (en) | 2003-10-15 |
EP1093536B1 (en) | 2003-10-01 |
TW419543B (en) | 2001-01-21 |
EP1093536A1 (en) | 2001-04-25 |
CN1304464A (en) | 2001-07-18 |
BR9910862A (en) | 2001-03-06 |
JP2002517630A (en) | 2002-06-18 |
GB9812089D0 (en) | 1998-08-05 |
ES2209444T3 (en) | 2004-06-16 |
TR200003602T2 (en) | 2001-04-20 |
CN1161502C (en) | 2004-08-11 |
WO1999064649A1 (en) | 1999-12-16 |
KR20010071345A (en) | 2001-07-28 |
AU4158299A (en) | 1999-12-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP1093536B1 (en) | Nonwoven fabric and method of its manufacture | |
EP0944753B1 (en) | Method of manufacture of nonwoven fabric | |
JP4018152B2 (en) | Lyocell fiber and method for producing the same | |
KR100750008B1 (en) | Lyocell fibers | |
US20080023873A1 (en) | Process for Preparing a Non-Woven Cellulosic Structure and the Non-Woven Cellulosic Structure Prepared Therefrom | |
EP0381206B1 (en) | Manufacturing process for fibers, rovings and mats from lyotropic liquid crystalline polymers | |
TWI621743B (en) | Method for preparing moisture-absorbing transfer non-woven fabric by using short fiber spinning method | |
CA2865269C (en) | Fibrous structures comprising polysaccharide filaments and methods for making same | |
JP2651094B2 (en) | Speaker cone and method of manufacturing the same | |
CN1191395C (en) | Meltblown process with mechanical attenuation | |
CN108221184A (en) | Nano-spun melts composite nonwoven material and its preparation method and application | |
MXPA00011863A (en) | Methods of manufacture of nonwoven fabric | |
CN108456997A (en) | A kind of double raw materials for production and its production technology for spinning paper of melt-blown | |
JP2581201B2 (en) | Long-fiber nonwoven fabric and method for producing the same | |
Tang et al. | Melt-blown lyocell: Influence of solution characteristics on fibre properties | |
JP2000084323A (en) | Air filter, tobacco filter and tobacco cigarette provided with the filter | |
JPH09291413A (en) | Surface fibrillated fiber, fibril-containing split fiber obtained therefrom and their production | |
JP2001095551A (en) | Cigarette filter tip material, filter tip using the material and method for producing the filter | |
JPH1121754A (en) | Ultrafine composite fiber nonwoven fabric and its production | |
CN118107238A (en) | Composite non-woven material, preparation method thereof and equipment for preparing composite non-woven material | |
CN116157572A (en) | Use of lyocell fibres | |
CN116427103A (en) | High-filtering-performance melt-blown fabric and preparation method and application thereof | |
JPH02289163A (en) | Nonwoven fabric having elongation in lateral direction and production thereof |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
FZDE | Discontinued |