CA2282271C - Grate with means for discharging of ash - Google Patents
Grate with means for discharging of ash Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2282271C CA2282271C CA002282271A CA2282271A CA2282271C CA 2282271 C CA2282271 C CA 2282271C CA 002282271 A CA002282271 A CA 002282271A CA 2282271 A CA2282271 A CA 2282271A CA 2282271 C CA2282271 C CA 2282271C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- grate
- ring
- units
- stationary
- peripheral
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K3/00—Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
- F23K3/10—Under-feed arrangements
- F23K3/14—Under-feed arrangements feeding by screw
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
- F23B1/16—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
- F23H13/00—Grates not covered by any of groups F23H1/00-F23H11/00
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2209/00—Specific waste
- F23G2209/26—Biowaste
- F23G2209/261—Woodwaste
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)
- Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
- Frying-Pans Or Fryers (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Grate (1) comprises essentially concentrically set stationary and rotating unified grate rings (6a-d, 7a-c), which alternate from the centre outwards to the peripheral ring. Each grate ring is lower than the next ring further in and has a larger diameter than it, when the fuel fed from beneath to the centre of the grate flows over the grate rings while it burns to the peripheral ring, in which the ash drops through openings (30) arranged in it to an ashbox (5). The peripheral ring has stationary and circumferentially oriented moving units (15, 16), which are arranged in one extreme position to cover the entire peripheral ring and in the opposite extreme position to interlap in pairs on top of each other and form the aforesaid openings (30) between the interlapped pairs.
Description
Grate with means for discharging of ash.
The present invention relates to a grate, which comprises essentially concentrically arranged stationary and rotating grate rings, which alternate from the centre outwards to the peripheral ring and in which each grate ring is lower than the next one inwards and has a greater diameter than it, so that fuel fed from underneath in the centre flows while it burns towards the peripheral ring, where the ash drops through io openings arranged in it into an ashbox.
A grate of the type referred to above is described in Finnish patent No. 95964. The rotating grate rings are set slightly eccentrically, when they also move the downwards flowing mass radially. In addition, the grate rings rotate in opposite directions, which improves the transport of the ash over the grate rings. An opening has been left between the peripheral ring of a grate of this kind and the wall, from which the ash drops into an ashbox beneath it. The opening must be quite wide, because the ash contains some large clinkers. As the fuel feed is increased, the proportion of unburnt material in the ash increases. This limits the available output of the grate, though the grate could otherwise burn a much larger amount of fuel.
The purpose of the invention is to create an improvement over the case referred to above. The characteristic features of the invention are described in the accompanying Claims. With the aid of units according to the invention, the intermediate space that was previously a free opening is covered with a grid construction, in which openings can be formed if necessary. The grate can then be loaded much more than previously, particu-larly for short periods, with no fear of considerable quanti-ties of unburned material flowing with the ash. Even large lumps of clinker can be removed through the openings formed at regular intervals between the units, though otherwise the elements form a grid structure, on top of which combustion continues, with the fine ash nevertheless dropping through.
Other advantageous embodiments of the invention and advantages are described later concerning the example of application.
In the following, the invention is described with the aid of the accompanying drawings, which show one grate according to the invention.
Figure 1 shows a vertical cross-section of a combustion cham-ber, to which a grate according to the invention has been adapted.
Figure 2 shows a partial enlargement of the cross-section in is Figure 1 in the area of the peripheral ring, in which there is the new arrangement for removing ash.
Figure 3 shows an adaption arranged on the peripheral ring, comprising stationary and moving units with the ash openings closed; the Figure includes a partial en-largement.
Figure 4 shows the arrangement in Figure 3 with the units overlapped and forming ash openings; the Figure includes a partial enlargement.
Figure 5 shows the vertical bracket in figure 2, seen from in front.
In Figure 1, a grate 1 according to the invention is adapted to a combustion chamber with a circular horizontal cross-section, which in this adaptation acts as the front chamber of a boiler.
3o Grate 1 conforms to the patent publication referred to above, except for the arrangement of the periphery. The lower part of combustion chamber 2 is cylindrical, while the upper part is conical. The conical upper part is connected to flue 3, which is connected to the after combustion chamber and to a boiler (not shown) for recovering heat from the flue gases. The jacket 4 of the combustion chamber has thermal insulation. Grate 1 is _.r._ . . _.. . .. ~
The present invention relates to a grate, which comprises essentially concentrically arranged stationary and rotating grate rings, which alternate from the centre outwards to the peripheral ring and in which each grate ring is lower than the next one inwards and has a greater diameter than it, so that fuel fed from underneath in the centre flows while it burns towards the peripheral ring, where the ash drops through io openings arranged in it into an ashbox.
A grate of the type referred to above is described in Finnish patent No. 95964. The rotating grate rings are set slightly eccentrically, when they also move the downwards flowing mass radially. In addition, the grate rings rotate in opposite directions, which improves the transport of the ash over the grate rings. An opening has been left between the peripheral ring of a grate of this kind and the wall, from which the ash drops into an ashbox beneath it. The opening must be quite wide, because the ash contains some large clinkers. As the fuel feed is increased, the proportion of unburnt material in the ash increases. This limits the available output of the grate, though the grate could otherwise burn a much larger amount of fuel.
The purpose of the invention is to create an improvement over the case referred to above. The characteristic features of the invention are described in the accompanying Claims. With the aid of units according to the invention, the intermediate space that was previously a free opening is covered with a grid construction, in which openings can be formed if necessary. The grate can then be loaded much more than previously, particu-larly for short periods, with no fear of considerable quanti-ties of unburned material flowing with the ash. Even large lumps of clinker can be removed through the openings formed at regular intervals between the units, though otherwise the elements form a grid structure, on top of which combustion continues, with the fine ash nevertheless dropping through.
Other advantageous embodiments of the invention and advantages are described later concerning the example of application.
In the following, the invention is described with the aid of the accompanying drawings, which show one grate according to the invention.
Figure 1 shows a vertical cross-section of a combustion cham-ber, to which a grate according to the invention has been adapted.
Figure 2 shows a partial enlargement of the cross-section in is Figure 1 in the area of the peripheral ring, in which there is the new arrangement for removing ash.
Figure 3 shows an adaption arranged on the peripheral ring, comprising stationary and moving units with the ash openings closed; the Figure includes a partial en-largement.
Figure 4 shows the arrangement in Figure 3 with the units overlapped and forming ash openings; the Figure includes a partial enlargement.
Figure 5 shows the vertical bracket in figure 2, seen from in front.
In Figure 1, a grate 1 according to the invention is adapted to a combustion chamber with a circular horizontal cross-section, which in this adaptation acts as the front chamber of a boiler.
3o Grate 1 conforms to the patent publication referred to above, except for the arrangement of the periphery. The lower part of combustion chamber 2 is cylindrical, while the upper part is conical. The conical upper part is connected to flue 3, which is connected to the after combustion chamber and to a boiler (not shown) for recovering heat from the flue gases. The jacket 4 of the combustion chamber has thermal insulation. Grate 1 is _.r._ . . _.. . .. ~
arranged in the lower part of combustion chamber 2. An annular ashbox 5 surrounds grate 1. Grate 1 according to the invention includes stationary and rotating grate sections. The stationary grate components are grate rings 6a, 6b, 6c, and 6d, while the rotating grate sections are correspondingly grate rings 7a, 7b, and 7c. These are mutually arranged so that every other grate ring is stationary, while the others rotate. The inner and outermost grate rings 6a and 6d are stationary grate rings.
The fuel feed channel 8 is arranged to run horizontally beneath grate 1 from the outside of the combustion chamber 2 to its centre. Fuel, e. g. woodchips, conveyed by feed screw 9 travels along the feed channel 8 to the centre of the grate and rises through the feed cone 11 to the top of grate 1. There the fuel ignites and while burning flows over the grate rings 6a-d, 7a- c.
Ash and possible burning residue move to the peripheral ring, in which there is an arrangement according to this invention.
The enlargement in Figure 2 shows the new arrangement according to the invention in detail. In this arrangement too, the ash openings 30 are formed in a peripheral grid ring between stationary grate ring 6d and the wall of the combustion chamber, but the openings can be closed by stationary and moving units 15 and 16. The moving units are installed on arm 19, which is in turn attached to support ring 14. This is supported vertically on five bearings 13 from the support structure of the grate. Figure 2 shows one bearing 13 in cross-section, while Figure 5 shows it seen from the front. Units 15 and 16 comprise circumferentially oriented bars 15.1 and 16.1. According to Figure 2, bars 15.1 and 16.1 interlap, so that the bars 16.1 of moving unit 16 push between the stationary bars 15.1.
Figure 3 shows the general arrangement of the units 15 and 16 that extend over the entire area of the peripheral grid ring, with the ash openings closed. However, fine ash can flow down, due to the grid construction of units 15 and 16. The partial enlargement shows the construc-tion of the units in greater detail. They each comprise three bars 15.1 and correspondingly 16.1 set at a distance to one another. Bars 15.1 are attached to arm 18 and correspondingly bars 16.1 are attached to arm 19. In general, each unit,15, 16 comprises 2 - 4 bars 15.1, 16.1, at a radial distance of 2 - 4 cm.
Support ring 14 is not only supported vertically, but also io horizontally on five rollers 20, which roll along the cylindri-cal support structure. The support ring is driven by operating device 21, for example, a pneumatic cylinder, which is in-stalled in air intake duct 22. In this way the operating device remains cool.
In this example 16 pairs of units are used, but advantageously these are 10 - 20.
The ash openings 30 are formed according to Figure 4 by using operating device 21, by means of which support ring 14 is turned slightly, so that the attached units 16 interlap with the stationary units. Even large lumps of clinker will fit through the ash openings 30 that are formed. According to Figure 5, the rolling surface of the support ring incorporates a step 17, which raises the units 16 when they are moved. This improves the cleaning of the units and reduces the risk of them j amming.
. _. ~
r . _.
The fuel feed channel 8 is arranged to run horizontally beneath grate 1 from the outside of the combustion chamber 2 to its centre. Fuel, e. g. woodchips, conveyed by feed screw 9 travels along the feed channel 8 to the centre of the grate and rises through the feed cone 11 to the top of grate 1. There the fuel ignites and while burning flows over the grate rings 6a-d, 7a- c.
Ash and possible burning residue move to the peripheral ring, in which there is an arrangement according to this invention.
The enlargement in Figure 2 shows the new arrangement according to the invention in detail. In this arrangement too, the ash openings 30 are formed in a peripheral grid ring between stationary grate ring 6d and the wall of the combustion chamber, but the openings can be closed by stationary and moving units 15 and 16. The moving units are installed on arm 19, which is in turn attached to support ring 14. This is supported vertically on five bearings 13 from the support structure of the grate. Figure 2 shows one bearing 13 in cross-section, while Figure 5 shows it seen from the front. Units 15 and 16 comprise circumferentially oriented bars 15.1 and 16.1. According to Figure 2, bars 15.1 and 16.1 interlap, so that the bars 16.1 of moving unit 16 push between the stationary bars 15.1.
Figure 3 shows the general arrangement of the units 15 and 16 that extend over the entire area of the peripheral grid ring, with the ash openings closed. However, fine ash can flow down, due to the grid construction of units 15 and 16. The partial enlargement shows the construc-tion of the units in greater detail. They each comprise three bars 15.1 and correspondingly 16.1 set at a distance to one another. Bars 15.1 are attached to arm 18 and correspondingly bars 16.1 are attached to arm 19. In general, each unit,15, 16 comprises 2 - 4 bars 15.1, 16.1, at a radial distance of 2 - 4 cm.
Support ring 14 is not only supported vertically, but also io horizontally on five rollers 20, which roll along the cylindri-cal support structure. The support ring is driven by operating device 21, for example, a pneumatic cylinder, which is in-stalled in air intake duct 22. In this way the operating device remains cool.
In this example 16 pairs of units are used, but advantageously these are 10 - 20.
The ash openings 30 are formed according to Figure 4 by using operating device 21, by means of which support ring 14 is turned slightly, so that the attached units 16 interlap with the stationary units. Even large lumps of clinker will fit through the ash openings 30 that are formed. According to Figure 5, the rolling surface of the support ring incorporates a step 17, which raises the units 16 when they are moved. This improves the cleaning of the units and reduces the risk of them j amming.
. _. ~
r . _.
Claims (7)
1. A grate, which comprises a set of substantially concentric stationary and rotating unified grate rings, which alternate from the centre outwards to a peripheral grid ring and in which each grate ring is lower and has a larger diameter than the inwardly adjacent ring, wherein fuel fed from beneath to the centre of the grate flows over the grate rings while it burns to the peripheral grid ring, and wherein ash drops through openings arranged in the peripheral ring to an ashbox characterized in that the peripheral grid ring has pairs of stationary and circumferentially oriented moving units, which are arranged, in one extreme closed position, as a grid extending over the entire surface area of the peripheral grid ring and in the opposite extreme open position, interlapping in pairs beside each other and forming the aforesaid openings between the interlapped pairs.
2. A grate according to claim 1, wherein the units are components comprising circumferentially oriented rods, in which the rods are radially offset from each other, forming a grid structure and that the rods of the moving units are offset between the rods of the stationary units, so that the moving units take a position between the stationary units, when the units are in the interlapped open position.
3. A grate according to claim 2, wherein each unit comprises 2 to 4 bars, the radial intervals between which are 2 to 4 cm.
4. A grate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein there are 10 to 20 of both stationary and moving units covering together the entire ring.
5. A grate according to either one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the moving units are supported from a unified support ring that is arranged to rotate and which is supported in the axial and radial directions from a support structure of the grate and to which an operating device is connected to drive the support ring, so that the moving units can be moved between the open and closed positions.
6. A grate according to claim 5, wherein the unified support ring is carried both axially and radially at several support points on bearings, over which the support ring rolls, and wherein the bearing surface of the support ring includes a step over part of its length, which creates a change in the level of the moving element during the movement.
7. A grate according to either one of claims 5 or 6, wherein the operating device is located in an air intake duct, so that intake air effectively cools it.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI970905A FI970905A0 (en) | 1997-03-03 | 1997-03-03 | Askrost |
| FI970905 | 1997-03-03 | ||
| FI974021A FI103832B1 (en) | 1997-03-03 | 1997-10-22 | Grate |
| FI974021 | 1997-10-22 | ||
| PCT/FI1998/000185 WO1998039601A1 (en) | 1997-03-03 | 1998-03-02 | Grate with means for discharging of ash |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2282271A1 CA2282271A1 (en) | 1998-09-11 |
| CA2282271C true CA2282271C (en) | 2009-05-05 |
Family
ID=26160344
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002282271A Expired - Fee Related CA2282271C (en) | 1997-03-03 | 1998-03-02 | Grate with means for discharging of ash |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0968389B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE241781T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU6297598A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2282271C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69815079T2 (en) |
| EE (1) | EE03575B1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2201447T3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI103832B1 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL191437B1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT968389E (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998039601A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO311747B1 (en) * | 1999-05-31 | 2002-01-21 | Laerdal Medical As | Method for determining whether a lifeless person has a pulse, based on impedance measurement between electrodes placed on patient skin, where the electrodes are connected to an external defibrillator sitting impedance measurement system, and |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE8003537L (en) * | 1980-05-12 | 1981-11-13 | Sjunne Johansson | FIREPLACE |
| SE443638B (en) * | 1982-07-26 | 1986-03-03 | Goetaverken Energy Syst Ab | A furnace, and a procedure for the removal of ash and slag from same. |
| FI95964C (en) * | 1994-05-20 | 1996-04-10 | Sermet Oy | Grate |
-
1997
- 1997-10-22 FI FI974021A patent/FI103832B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1998
- 1998-03-02 AT AT98906964T patent/ATE241781T1/en active
- 1998-03-02 EP EP98906964A patent/EP0968389B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-02 DE DE69815079T patent/DE69815079T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-02 CA CA002282271A patent/CA2282271C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-03-02 PL PL335479A patent/PL191437B1/en unknown
- 1998-03-02 EE EEP199900389A patent/EE03575B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-03-02 WO PCT/FI1998/000185 patent/WO1998039601A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-03-02 PT PT98906964T patent/PT968389E/en unknown
- 1998-03-02 ES ES98906964T patent/ES2201447T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-02 AU AU62975/98A patent/AU6297598A/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0968389A1 (en) | 2000-01-05 |
| DE69815079T2 (en) | 2004-04-15 |
| PL335479A1 (en) | 2000-04-25 |
| FI974021A0 (en) | 1997-10-22 |
| AU6297598A (en) | 1998-09-22 |
| ES2201447T3 (en) | 2004-03-16 |
| EP0968389B1 (en) | 2003-05-28 |
| FI974021A (en) | 1998-09-04 |
| PT968389E (en) | 2003-09-30 |
| PL191437B1 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
| FI103832B (en) | 1999-09-30 |
| EE9900389A (en) | 2000-04-17 |
| EE03575B1 (en) | 2001-12-17 |
| CA2282271A1 (en) | 1998-09-11 |
| FI103832B1 (en) | 1999-09-30 |
| WO1998039601A1 (en) | 1998-09-11 |
| ATE241781T1 (en) | 2003-06-15 |
| DE69815079D1 (en) | 2003-07-03 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20160302 |