CA2279508C - Easy-mount sealing element for packaging machines - Google Patents

Abstract

A heat sealing element (13) and related self aligning support jaw, for sealing at least two layers of thermoplastic film is disclosed. It may be used with a vertical form, fill and seal machine for packaging flowable materials, e.g. milk, chocolate fudge, or sundae topping, in pouches. Each end of the heat-sealing element has a plug which is preferably cylindrical, both pointing in the same direction, adapted to fit into spring-loaded sockets (14) which are slightly larger than the plugs, with openings toward the element. This permits unspringing the sockets and inserting the plugs, then letting the springs apply tension force to hold the elements taut.

Description

TITLE
EASY-MOUNT SEALING ELEMENT FOR PACKAGING MACHINES
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to film packaging equipment which periodically heat seals two or more films (or film edges) as the film moves through a heat seal station. More specifically, the present invention is directed to an innovative easy-mount arrangement in which the heat-sealing element can be changed and accurately aligned with minimal effort.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Generally speaking, "vertical form, fill and seal" machines are well known and can be used, for example, to package milk in plastic pouches. More recently, such packaging has been used for other flowable materials, such as, mayonnaise, caramel, scrambled eggs, tomato ketchup, chocolate fudge, salad dressings, preserves and the like, particularly for the institutional user market, i.e., restaurants.
In operation, such vertical form, fill and seal machines will generally unroll a flat web of synthetic thermoplastic film and then form the film into a continuous tube by sealing the longitudinal edges with a lap seal or a fin seal.
Generally, the tube is then moved downward to a station for filling. A sealing device below the filling station then creates an airtight heat seal across a transverse cross-section of the tube, using a pair of sealing jaws. The material to be packaged will generally enter the tube continuously, and therefore the film is generally sealed while some of the material is present between the heat sealing surfaces in the tube.
After the sealing operation has been completed, the jaws are generally opened and the tube is then caused to move down a predetermined distance. Such downward movement may be influenced by the weight of the material in the tube, and/or by a drive mechanism in communication with the tube.
Once the tube moves down a predetermined distance, the heat sealing jaws close once again to create a second transverse seal. Almost simultaneously, the ' CA 02279508 1999-08-03 second traverse seal also severs the material-tilled portion of the tube.
thereby creating a sealed pouch of material. The second transverse sealing operation also simultaneously creates the bottom seal for the next pouch to be formed. One such vertical form. fill and seal machine of the type described above is sold under the trademark PREPAC.
Other conventional vertical form, fill and seal equipment causes the material to be packaged to enter the tube intermittently. In such cases, the material enters the tube only after the jaws have closed to form the first transverse seal.
The jaws then open, and the tube is moved downward a predetermined distance. Then, before the second seal is made, the flow of material is stopped, so material will not locate between the heat sealing surfaces in the tube.
In other conventional machine designs, the sealing device does not sever the tube when making the second traverse heat seal, but rather, the tube is subsequently severed at a separate station.
With yet other machines, the heat sealing jaws move with the film as it moves down, and then release the film at a predetermined distance. The jaws then move upward back to their original position to once again engage the film.
With such machines, the jaws clamp, seal and sever the tube of film while moving in the downward direction. The jaws then open and disengage from the film and return to their original upward position. The downward movement of the closed jaws also serve to advance the tubular film downward.
The present invention relates to a heat sealing assembly for any of the above mentioned machines.
Conventional "impulse sealer" devices use short bursts of electrical current to create heat sealing temperatures during only a fraction of the cycle time between operations. The impulse sealer may be a round wire, e.g. a "piano" wire about

2.00 mm to 2.29 mm diameter, electrically insulated from a water-cooled supporting jaw. Alternatively, the impulse sealer can be rolled from wire stock into a flat ribbon having a longitudinal bead in the center of one side hereafter referred to as a "solid beaded element".

AI~~ND~D SHEET

Impulse sealers having a round wire or solid beaded element are generally combined with conventional flat faced heat sealing jaws, and this design will generally be satisfactory for form and fill machines for packaging milk, water or other highly aqueous products. Other element shapes are generally more satisfactory on form, fill and seal machines when packaging thick flowable materials, such as, mayonnaise, chocolate fudge, scrambled egg mix, dressings, jams and the like. Examples of other conventional sealers are disclosed in U.S. Pat.
No. 3,692,613, which issued to R. E. Pederson, U.S. Pat. No. 4,115,182, which issued to M. M. Wildmoser and U.S. Pat. No. 4,744,845 which issued to J.
Posey.
Generally speaking, the heat sealing element must be electrically insulated from the metal jaw upon which it is mounted. Furthermore, the heat sealing element is also often thermally insulated from the jaw. Typically, this is accomplished by placing between the jaw and the heat sealing element, a woven glass cloth which is impregnated with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The heat sealing element must be heated quickly when coming in contact with the film to be sealed.
Various problems with the earlier prior art have been solved, as represented by U.S. Patents 5,538,590 - Riley (July 23, 1996) and 5,415,724 - Perrett (May 16, 1995).
One additional problem is the difficulty of changing and replacing the heat-sealing element and aligning it accurately so the seal is done properly.
Changing the element needs to be done regularly, such as daily, in a high-capacity, high speed operation that might be found, for instance, in large dairy operations. The glass cloth impregnated with PTFE such as that sold by DuPont Company as "Teflon", used over and under the element as in U.S. Patent 5,538,590, is subject to wear and has to be replaced when it is no longer adequately effective.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a heat sealing assembly, for sealing at least two layers of thermoplastic film, comprising first and second jaws, an electrical impulse heat sealing element, electrical terminals, and an electrical and thermal insulating material between the first jaw and the heat sealing element, said heat sealing element being removably connected to said electrical terminals, at least one of said jaws being capable of transverse motion and adapted to collapse a tubular film made from said thermoplastic film and passing between said j aws; wherein said element has at each end an electrical contact male plug oriented at about a 90 degree angle from said element, said plugs being parallel to each other and having curvilinear surfaces facing each other which approximate a cylindrical shape, each of said electrical terminals comprising female sockets having a shape and size slightly larger than those of the plugs, with an opening facing towards the element, and said sockets being held by spring means adapted to apply force in tension to said element when said plugs are in said sockets, said plugs being adapted to fit into said sockets when said spring means are bent (deflected) toward said element.
In preferred embodiments, the spring means are flat springs with their broad sides being parallel to each other, each being attached to opposite ends of a cooled heat sink block , and the opening in each socket is at least a 15° arc to permit increased force on the connections with the plugs and to facilitate cleanability.
Also, the heat-sealing element is an embodiment of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a plan view of the invention, showing a heat-sealing element in place in an assembly.
Fig. la is an end vie (in partial section) of the heat-sealing element.
Fig. 2 is an elevation of the same subject as Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of a socket of the invention.
Fig. 4 is an elevation of the same subject as Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is an elevation of a heat-sealing element of the invention separated from the assembly.
Fig. 6 is a side view of a flat spring preferred for use with the invention.
Fig. 7 is a front view of the same subject as Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a currently commercial heat-sealing assembly (prior art).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
A current commercial design of horizontal sealing bar or jaw 1 is shown ir~
Fig. 8. It uses an impulse sealing cycle, i.e. there is a burst of sealing energy lasting about 220 milliseconds when the jaws are closed. The filler mai:es a pouch every time the jaws close which is about once every.second. Heating element 2 is 17 AWG "Chromel" C electrical resistance wire rolled to a special shape to promote sealing and cutting all in one closing action of the jaw. Chromel C is the trademark of Hoskins Manufacturing Co. Another useful wire is "Tophet" Alloy C made by Carpenter Technology Corp. These are nickle-chromium electrical resistance wires conforming to ASTM B-344. The active length of the element is preferably about 200mm. The heating element can operate as high as 300°C and this causes substantial thermal expansion. This thermal expansion is taken up by springs 8 which are tensioned when the element is fastened in place by end binding posts 7.
The heating element is electrically and thermally insulated from the aluminum sealing bar by two layers of PTFE coated glass fibre cloth 3 and 6. Another layer of coated glass fibre cloth 5 is placed over the surface of the element to help hold it in place and to act as a release sheet when making the heat seal. The cloth is frequently in the form of an adhesive tape. Although PTFE is an excellent release agent, it is fairly soft and will wear in this service. Thus it becomes necessary for the filler operator to periodically replace both the upper and lower layers of tape.
This is a job that requires some skill for the operator must get the heating element properly aligned and flat against the sealing bar, the right amount of tension in the springs and the tapes properly applied. Improper servicing of the jaw will likely result in leaking seals. The hardest thing to do is to get the element flat against sealing bar 4 and this is most critical. An improperly aligned element will very quickly develop a hot spot which will cause premature failure of the PTFE
coated glass fibre tape which will result in sealing problems. This type of servicing of the sealing jaw must be done at least once per day on a dairy filler, and many filler operators find it difficult, particularly new operators. Cooling water ports 9 are provided in jaw 1.

AMENDED SHEEN

The improvements to the sealing jaw which will now be described are an attempt to make servicing the sealing jaw easier and less prone to improper setup and thus reduce the potential for "leakers."
APPARATUS OF THE INVENTION
The apparatus of this invention is shown in Figs. 1 and 2, with the parts in Fig. 3-7. This is a direct replacement for jaw 1 shown in Fig. 8 and in fact can use the same basic parts of sealing bar or jaw 1 and 12. L-shaped end springs 8 have been replaced by short cantilever leaf springs 11 to which have been attached stainless steel sockets 14. Each socket 14 contains a through slot 25 in the shape of a keyhole. The heating elements 13 have generally cylindrical plugs 15a on the ends that are sized to fit snugly into the keyhole slots 25 at about right angles to wire (heat element) 13. Springs 11 are bent slightly outwards so that it is necessary to bend (deflect) them together in order for cylindrical plugs 15a to fit into slots 25.
The total spring deflection amounts to about 3mm. This is sufficient to accommodate the thermal expansion of the element during a heating cycle and still maintain tension in the element. The socket 14 is held in place and electrically isolated from the spring 11 (and the rest of the jaw 12) by a grooved insulator piece 15 which fits around the spring 1 l, a flanged insulator bushing 16, and locating hole 27 in the spring 11. The socket has threaded stud 21 which passes through insulating pieces 15 and 16 and actually passes through a hole in bushing 16, which passes its smaller diameter through the hole 27 in the spring 11. Insulating pieces 15 and 16 are held together by flat washer 20 and hexagonal nut 31. Then, heavy electrical cable 17 which supplies the power to the jaw is fastened to this stud 21 by lock washer 19, flat washer 20, and cap nut 18. As in the current design, the active length of the element is electrically isolated from the sealing bar by two layers of PTFE coated glass fibre tape under the element with another layer over the top to act as a release sheet, similar to 5 and 6 in Fig. 8.
The design of slot 25 in the socket is quite important. For sealing jaw 12 described, one needs a current of about 40 amps during the impulse heating cycle to generate the necessary temperature to make a heat seal and sever the pouches.
This requires a fairly robust electrical connector. Good electrical connector design requires a high force between connector parts to keep the contact resistance low and avoid heating. However, because of the thinness of the heating element wire and the difficulty of handling it, one cannot exert a large force to insert or remove the plug in the socket without risk of bending or damaging the wire. This problem was overcome by making the width of slot 25 in socket 14 nearly the width of plug 15a.
The short leaf springs are fairly stiff and require a good force (bending moment) to deflect them. Once plug 15a has been inserted into socket 14 and spring 11 has been released, the full spring force comes to bear against the bearing or projected area of socket 14 which was reduced by making slot 25 wide. The resulting stress between plug 15a and socket 14 is thus high, just what is needed for low contact resistance. But slot 25 is not so wide that plug 15a actually jams in slot 25.
Thus plug 15a can be easily inserted or removed from socket 14 without excessive force by simply bending (deflecting) spring 11 to take the force off plug 15a. The high stress betweemplug 15a and socket 14 effectively causes the oxidation on the surfaces to be scraped off as plug 15a is pushed down into socket 14.
There is a classical problem with electric heater design at the ends of the heating element. Because of the inherent electrical resistivity of the heating element wire, heat will be generated right to the end of the wire. But somehow one must eventually connect the resistance wire to a lower resistance conductor and deal with the heat. The best low resistance and almost universally used conductors are copper or a copper alloy but these do not tolerate high temperatures well. Generally electrical connections should be kept relatively cool to avoid oxidation of the surfaces and high contact resistance. Once an electrical connection starts to deteriorate, it can become worse quickly. A poor connection generates heat which in turn causes further oxidation and deterioration of the connection which in turn generates even more heat. In this design the problem is overcome by plating the ends 22 of the element wire with copper or silver. The plating, if thick enough, effectively eliminates the resistance of the wire near the plug and socket connection and thus keeps it relatively cool. The plating needs to cover the length of element wire 22 between the end plug and sealing bar 12. It is also desirable that the plating be even longer so that it continues onto the active face of sealing bar 12 for a short distance. The reason for this is that sealing bar 12 is water cooled and operates at or near ambient temperature. Thus the length of plated element 22 overlapping sealing bar 12 provides a path for the heat to escape from the end of the unplated or hot part 23 of the element wire and reduce connector heating by thermal conduction down the wire.
Although copper and silver plating work well, coating the element wire with silver solder is another good way to reduce the electrical resistance or heating on the ends. Silver solder tolerates the high temperatures well. However, due to its higher electrical resistivity, a thicker coating is required than for copper or silver.
Superimposed on all the other design issues is the sanitary requirement that the main assembly be readily cleanable. The horizontal jaw on a vertical form, fill, seal filler is right under the nozzle of the fill tube. Any filler problems which allow the escape of the product will likely mean that the product will spill over the horizontal jaw. In a dairy, this situation is usually cleaned up with a spray of hot water. At the end of a production day, the filler is again cleaned with hot water and cleaning and sanitizing solutions. There must be no pockets to trap milk, water or cleaning chemicals. The preferred material of construction in a dairy filler is 300 series stainless steel and certain approved plastics. Exposed threaded fasteners are undesirable. An examination of the apparatus of this invention will show that the design is readily cleanable and that stainless steel has been used for the socket 14, leaf spring 11 and fasteners 18, 19, 20, 21 and 31 and insulators 15 and 16 are made from resin, such as vinyl acetal. The threads on the fasteners 18, 21 and 31 are all covered. Brass has been deemed acceptable for the element plugs 15 because the elements are removed daily for servicing. The elements also have a finite life of several days so that any deterioration of the brass surface over time is not a concern.
There are few high capacity, commercial electrical connectors which meet sanitary requirements.
The main feature of the apparatus is the ease of installing elements correctly.
To install the element in the jaw, the operator inserts a plug 15a in one slotted socket 14 and then, while bending (deflecting)the spring 11 on the opposite end, inserts the remaining plug 15a in its socket 14. There is no force applied to the element so that it is not distorted in any way. Once the plugs 15a are in the sockets 14, the operator then pushes them "home" until the element lies flat against the active face of the sealing bar 12. There isn't the "fiddling" and "adjusting"
as required with the current design to get the element down flat against the sealing bar 12.
Example 1 The plugs 15a on the ends of the heating element are made of 0.635 cm diameter common yellow brass rod and are l5mm long. The sockets are made of 304 stainless steel and the hole is reamed to 0.6388 cm. The slot in the socket is 4.SOmm wide. The element is rolled into a beaded band 2mm wide from 17 AWG
Chromel C wire and l Omm of each end are coated with silver solder. Using the techniques outlined in ASTM B539-90 "Standard Test Methods for Measuring Contact Resistance of Electrical Connections," the resistances of the element and plug/socket connector measured approximately 0.4 to 0.5 milliohms. The l Omm of silver solder coating measured approximately 7 to 8 milliohms.
The apparatus was installed on a filler machine, not shown, with minimal effort required to set it up. In a test making 1-1/3 litre pouches of 6°C water at 47 pouches per minute, the socket temperature rose to an equilibrium temperature of about 75°C after 20 minutes. The electrical impulse to seal the pouches was about 39 amps at a 22% duty cycle. With the resistances measured, the waste heat generated by the socket connection was considerably less than 1 watt. After the test there was no evidence of thermal or electrical distress in the plug/socket connector.
The temperature rise was due mainly from heat generated in the silver solder coating and from conduction from the active length of the element.

Claims (8)

1. A heat sealing assembly, for sealing at least two layers of thermoplastic film, comprising first and second jaws, an electrical impulse heat sealing element, electrical terminals, and an electrical and thermal insulating material between the first jaw and the heat sealing element, said heat sealing element being removably connected to said electrical terminals, at least one of said jaws being capable of transverse motion and adapted to collapse a tubular film made from said thermoplastic film and passing between said jaws, wherein said element has at each end an electrical contact male plug oriented at about 90 degrees angle from said element, said plugs being parallel to each other and having curvilinear surfaces facing each other which approximate cylindrical shape, each of said electrical terminals comprising female sockets having a shape and size slightly larger than those of the plugs; with an opening facing towards the element, and said sockets being held by spring means associated with the heat-sealing element and adapted to apply force in tension to said element when said plugs are in said sockets, said plugs being adapted to fit into said sockets when said spring means are deflected toward said element.

2. The assembly of claim 1 wherein the spring means are flat springs with their broad sides being parallel to each other, each being attached to opposite ends of a cooled heat sink block.

3. A heat sealing assembly according to claim 1 wherein the opening in each socket is at least a 15° arc to permit increased force on the connections with the plugs and to facilitate cleanability.

4. A heat-sealing element adapted to be removably mounted in a jaw of the heat sealing assembly of claim 1, by connection to electrical terminals thereof, wherein the element has at each end thereof, an electrical contact male plug oriented at about 90° to the element, the male plugs being parallel to each other and having curvilinear surfaces facing each other which approximate a cylindrical shape, the male plugs being sized and shaped to be easily received into and readily removed from slightly larger female sockets on each of the electrical terminals, the male plugs and female sockets being secured together by spring means associated with the heat-sealing element that apply tension thereto when the element is mounted in the jaw thereby ensuring good electrical contact, and upon release by deflecting the spring permits dismounting of the element from the jaw.

5. The element of claim 4 in which the plugs and the portions of the element adjacent the plugs are coated with an electrically conductive material.

6. The element of claim 5 in which the material is silver.

7. The element of claim 5 in which the material is a silver solder.

8. The element of claim 5 in which the material is copper.