CA2269992A1 - Method and apparatus for cough sound analysis - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for cough sound analysis Download PDFInfo
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- CA2269992A1 CA2269992A1 CA 2269992 CA2269992A CA2269992A1 CA 2269992 A1 CA2269992 A1 CA 2269992A1 CA 2269992 CA2269992 CA 2269992 CA 2269992 A CA2269992 A CA 2269992A CA 2269992 A1 CA2269992 A1 CA 2269992A1
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- pressure waves
- sound pressure
- spectrogram
- flexible tubing
- microphone
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B7/00—Instruments for auscultation
- A61B7/003—Detecting lung or respiration noise
Abstract
A fast, simple, and reliable method and apparatus for recording cough sounds for diagnosing pulmonary disorders and diseases is provided. This method uses signal analysis techniques to extract quantitative information from recorded cough sound pressure waves. The generated data can be used to diagnose pulmonary disorders and diseases as well as track the effectiveness of treatment regimens over time.
The method can also be used to quickly and reliably screen individuals at risk of pulmonary disorders and diseases. The discovery of early stages of pulmonary disorders or diseases may allow earlier treatment and/or environmental modification to reduce the risk or irreversible injury to pulmonary function. The system, which is a simple, non-invasive system that can quickly and easily be administered with minimum technician and patient training, uses a mouthpiece, a tube having a distal end and a proximal end, a flexible tubing having a distal end and a proximal end, and a microphone;
wherein the mouthpiece is attached to the proximal end of the tube, wherein the distal end of the tube is attached to the proximal end of the flexible tube, wherein the microphone is attached to the tube between its distal and proximal ends such that the microphone can record sound pressure waves within the system without distorting the pressure waves, and wherein the flexible tubing is sufficiently long so there are essentially no reflected sound pressure waves which interfere with the recording of the sound pressure waves at the microphone. Preferably, the system also includes a computer system to assist in recording and analyzing the sound pressure waves. A calculated cough sound index (CSI) can be used in diagnostic applications.
The method can also be used to quickly and reliably screen individuals at risk of pulmonary disorders and diseases. The discovery of early stages of pulmonary disorders or diseases may allow earlier treatment and/or environmental modification to reduce the risk or irreversible injury to pulmonary function. The system, which is a simple, non-invasive system that can quickly and easily be administered with minimum technician and patient training, uses a mouthpiece, a tube having a distal end and a proximal end, a flexible tubing having a distal end and a proximal end, and a microphone;
wherein the mouthpiece is attached to the proximal end of the tube, wherein the distal end of the tube is attached to the proximal end of the flexible tube, wherein the microphone is attached to the tube between its distal and proximal ends such that the microphone can record sound pressure waves within the system without distorting the pressure waves, and wherein the flexible tubing is sufficiently long so there are essentially no reflected sound pressure waves which interfere with the recording of the sound pressure waves at the microphone. Preferably, the system also includes a computer system to assist in recording and analyzing the sound pressure waves. A calculated cough sound index (CSI) can be used in diagnostic applications.
Claims (26)
1. An apparatus for recording and analyzing high fidelity cough sound measurements for use in diagnosing lung diseases or disorders, said apparatus comprising a mouthpiece, a rigid tube having a distal end and a proximal end, a flexible tubing having a distal end and a proximal end, and a microphone; wherein the mouthpiece is attached to the proximal end of the rigid tube, wherein the distal end of the rigid tube is attached to the proximal end of the flexible tube, wherein the microphone is attached to the rigid tube between its distal and proximal ends such that the microphone can record sound pressure waves within the system without distorting the sound pressure waves, and wherein the flexible tubing is sufficiently long so there are essentially no reflected sound pressure waves which interfere with the recording of the sound pressure waves at the microphone.
2. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 further comprising a sound analyzer for digitizing the sound pressure waves and a computer system to assist in analyzing the sound pressure waves.
3. The apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the microphone is attached perpendicular to the rigid tube, and wherein the microphone has a diaphragm which is essentially tangential to, and essentially flush with, the inner surface of the rigid tube.
4. The apparatus as defined in claim 2, wherein the microphone is attached perpendicular to the rigid tube and wherein the microphone has a diaphragm which is essentially tangential to, and essentially flush with, the inner surface of the rigid tube.
5. The apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the flexible tubing is about to about 25 feet long, wherein the mouthpiece, the rigid tube, and the flexible tubing each has a circular cross-section and an inner diameter of about 0.5 to about 2 inches, and wherein the distal end of the flexible tubing is terminated with an anechoic termination.
6. The apparatus as defined in claim 2, wherein the flexible tubing is about to about 25 feet long, wherein the mouthpiece, the rigid tube, and the flexible tubing each has a circular cross-section and an inner diameter of about 0.5 to about 2 inches, and wherein the distal end of the flexible tubing is terminated with an anechoic termination.
7. The apparatus as defined in claim 3, wherein the flexible tubing is about to about 25 feet long, wherein the mouthpiece, the rigid tube, and the flexible tubing each has a circular cross-section and an inner diameter of about 0.5 to about 2 inches, and wherein the distal end of the flexible tubing is terminated with an anechoic termination.
8. The apparatus as defined in claim 4, wherein the flexible tubing is about to about 25 feet long, wherein the mouthpiece, the rigid tube, and the flexible tubing each has a circular cross-section and an inner diameter of about 0.5 to about 2 inches, and wherein the distal end of the flexible tubing is terminated with an anechoic termination.
9. The apparatus as defined in claim 2, wherein the apparatus can be used to generate (1) a spectrogram of the sound pressure waves; (2) an autocorrleation function of the spectrogram; and (3) a graphical representation of the transition contours of the autocorrelation function; wherein the graphical representation of the transition contours can be used to diagnose lung diseases or disorders.
10. The apparatus as defined in claim 8, wherein the apparatus can be used to generate (1) a spectrogram of the sound pressure waves; (2) an autocorrleation function of the spectrogram; and (3) a graphical representation of the transition contours of the autocorrelation function; wherein the graphical representation of the transition contours can be used to diagnose lung diseases or disorders.
11. The apparatus as defined in claim 2, wherein the apparatus can be used to generate (1) a spectrogram of the sound pressure waves; (2) an autocorrleation function of the spectrogram; (3) transition contours of the autocorrelation function; (4) second moments Mx2 and My2 from the transition contours; and (5) a cough sound index (CSI) wherein, if (Mx2 / My2) is less than one, then CSI=[(Mx2/My2)- 1]~10 and, if (Mx2/My2) is greater than or equal to one, then CSI = [(Mx2 / My2) - 1];
and wherein the cough sound index can be used to diagnose lung diseases or disorders.
and wherein the cough sound index can be used to diagnose lung diseases or disorders.
12. The apparatus as defined in claim 8, wherein the apparatus can be used to generate (1) a spectrogram of the sound pressure waves; (2) an autocorrleation function of the spectrogram; (3) transition contours of the autocorrelation function; (4) second moments Mx2 and My2 from the transition contours; and (5) a cough sound index (CSI) wherein, if (Mx2 / My2) is less than one, then CSI=[(Mx2/My2)- 1] ~ 10 and, if (Mx2/My2) is greater than or equal to one, then CSI = [(Mx2/My2) - 1] ;
and wherein the cough sound index can be used to diagnose lung diseases or disorders.
and wherein the cough sound index can be used to diagnose lung diseases or disorders.
13. A method for analyzing a patient's cough for diagnostic purposes, said method comprises (1) providing a system for analyzing coughs wherein the system comprises a mouthpiece, a rigid tube having a distal end and a proximal end, a flexible tubing having a distal end and a proximal end, and a microphone; wherein the mouthpiece is attached to the proximal end of the rigid tube, wherein the distal end of the rigid tube is attached to the proximal end of the flexible tube, wherein the microphone is attached to the rigid tube between its distal and proximal ends such that the microphone can record sound pressure waves within the system without distorting the pressure waves, and wherein the flexible tubing is sufficiently long so there are essentially no reflected sound pressure waves which interfere with the recording of the sound pressure waves at the microphone; (2) allowing the patient to cough into the mouthpiece; (3) recording the sound pressure waves generated by the patient's cough with the microphone; and (4) analyzing the recorded sound pressure waves.
14. The method as defined in claim 13, wherein the recorded sound pressure waves are digitized before being analyzed.
15. The method as defined in claim 14, wherein the recorded sound pressure waves are analyzed using spectrograms from which contour plots can be generated.
16. The method as defined in claim 15, wherein a sound analyzer is used for digitizing the sound pressure waves and a computer system is used to assist in analyzing the sound pressure waves.
17. The method as defined in claim 16, wherein the microphone is attached perpendicular to the rigid tube and wherein the microphone has a diaphragm which is essentially tangential to, and essentially flush with, the inner surface of the rigid tube.
18. The method as defined in claim 17, wherein the flexible tubing is about 10 to about 25 feet long, wherein the mouthpiece, the rigid tube, and the flexible tubing each has a circular cross-section and an inner diameter of about 0.5 to about 2 inches, and wherein the distal end of the flexible tubing is terminated with an anechoic termination.
19. The method as defined in claim 18, wherein the mouthpiece, the rigid tube, and the flexible tubing each has an inner diameter of about 0.75 to about 1.5 inches.
20. The method as defined in claim 19, wherein the flexible tubing is about 15 feet long.
21. The method as defined in claim 16, wherein the spectrogram of the sound pressure waves is used to determine an autocorrleation function of the spectrogram;
wherein a graphical representation of transition contours of the autocorrelation function is generated; and wherein the graphical representation of the transition contours can be used to diagnose lung diseases or disorders.
wherein a graphical representation of transition contours of the autocorrelation function is generated; and wherein the graphical representation of the transition contours can be used to diagnose lung diseases or disorders.
22. The method as defined in claim 17, wherein the spectrogram of the sound pressure waves is used to determine an autocorrleation function of the spectrogram;
wherein a graphical representation of transition contours of the autocorrelation function is generated; and wherein the graphical representation of the transition contours can be used to diagnose lung diseases or disorders.
wherein a graphical representation of transition contours of the autocorrelation function is generated; and wherein the graphical representation of the transition contours can be used to diagnose lung diseases or disorders.
23. The method as defined in claim 18, wherein the spectrogram of the sound pressure waves is used to determine an autocorrleation function of the spectrogram;
wherein a graphical representation of transition contours of the autocorrelation function is generated; and wherein the graphical representation of the transition contours can be used to diagnose lung diseases or disorders.
wherein a graphical representation of transition contours of the autocorrelation function is generated; and wherein the graphical representation of the transition contours can be used to diagnose lung diseases or disorders.
24. The method as defined in claim 16, wherein the spectrogram of the sound pressure waves is used to determine an autocorrleation function of the spectrogram;
wherein transition contours of the autocorrelation function are determined;
wherein second moments M x2 and M y2 are determined from the transition contours; and wherein a cough sound index (CSI) is determined, if (M x2 / M y2 is less than one, from the equation CSI = [(M x2 / M y2) - 1] ~ 10 and, if (M x2 / M y2) is greater than or equal to one, from the equation CSI = [(M x2/M y2)-1];
and wherein the cough sound index can be used to diagnose lung diseases or disorders.
wherein transition contours of the autocorrelation function are determined;
wherein second moments M x2 and M y2 are determined from the transition contours; and wherein a cough sound index (CSI) is determined, if (M x2 / M y2 is less than one, from the equation CSI = [(M x2 / M y2) - 1] ~ 10 and, if (M x2 / M y2) is greater than or equal to one, from the equation CSI = [(M x2/M y2)-1];
and wherein the cough sound index can be used to diagnose lung diseases or disorders.
25. The method as defined in claim 17, wherein the spectrogram of the sound pressure waves is used to determine an autocorrleation function of the spectrogram;
wherein transition contours of the autocorrelation function are determined;
wherein second moments M x2 and M y2 are determined from the transition contours; and wherein a cough sound index (CSI) is determined, if (M x2 / M y2) is less than one, from the equation CSI = [(M x2 / M y2) - 1] ~ 10 and, if (M x2 / M y2) is greater than or equal to one, from the equation CSI = [(M x2 / M y2 - 1] ;
and wherein the cough sound index can be used to diagnose lung diseases or disorders.
wherein transition contours of the autocorrelation function are determined;
wherein second moments M x2 and M y2 are determined from the transition contours; and wherein a cough sound index (CSI) is determined, if (M x2 / M y2) is less than one, from the equation CSI = [(M x2 / M y2) - 1] ~ 10 and, if (M x2 / M y2) is greater than or equal to one, from the equation CSI = [(M x2 / M y2 - 1] ;
and wherein the cough sound index can be used to diagnose lung diseases or disorders.
26. The method as defined in claim 18, wherein the spectrogram of the sound pressure waves is used to determine an autocorrleation function of the spectrogram;
wherein transition contours of the autocorrelation function are determined;
wherein second moments M x2 and M y2 are determined from the transition contours; and wherein a cough sound index (CSI) is determined, if (M x2/M y2 is less than one, from the equation CSI = [(M x2/M y2)-1] ~ 1 and, if (M x2/M y2) is greater than or equal to one, from the equation CSI = [(M x2/M y2) - 1]
and wherein the cough sound index can be used to diagnose lung diseases or disorders.
wherein transition contours of the autocorrelation function are determined;
wherein second moments M x2 and M y2 are determined from the transition contours; and wherein a cough sound index (CSI) is determined, if (M x2/M y2 is less than one, from the equation CSI = [(M x2/M y2)-1] ~ 1 and, if (M x2/M y2) is greater than or equal to one, from the equation CSI = [(M x2/M y2) - 1]
and wherein the cough sound index can be used to diagnose lung diseases or disorders.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2269992 CA2269992C (en) | 1999-04-23 | 1999-04-23 | Method and apparatus for cough sound analysis |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2269992 CA2269992C (en) | 1999-04-23 | 1999-04-23 | Method and apparatus for cough sound analysis |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2269992A1 true CA2269992A1 (en) | 2000-10-23 |
| CA2269992C CA2269992C (en) | 2009-12-22 |
Family
ID=29588845
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2269992 Expired - Lifetime CA2269992C (en) | 1999-04-23 | 1999-04-23 | Method and apparatus for cough sound analysis |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2269992C (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10706329B2 (en) | 2018-11-13 | 2020-07-07 | CurieAI, Inc. | Methods for explainability of deep-learning models |
| FR3108492A1 (en) * | 2020-03-29 | 2021-10-01 | Ghislaine ALAJOUANINE | Breathing sound capture, recording and analysis device |
-
1999
- 1999-04-23 CA CA 2269992 patent/CA2269992C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10706329B2 (en) | 2018-11-13 | 2020-07-07 | CurieAI, Inc. | Methods for explainability of deep-learning models |
| US10977522B2 (en) | 2018-11-13 | 2021-04-13 | CurieAI, Inc. | Stimuli for symptom detection |
| US11055575B2 (en) | 2018-11-13 | 2021-07-06 | CurieAI, Inc. | Intelligent health monitoring |
| US11810670B2 (en) | 2018-11-13 | 2023-11-07 | CurieAI, Inc. | Intelligent health monitoring |
| FR3108492A1 (en) * | 2020-03-29 | 2021-10-01 | Ghislaine ALAJOUANINE | Breathing sound capture, recording and analysis device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2269992C (en) | 2009-12-22 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20190423 |