CA2269508A1 - Packing system for use with a rotatable shaft and device with rotatable shaft which comprises a packing system of this nature - Google Patents
Packing system for use with a rotatable shaft and device with rotatable shaft which comprises a packing system of this nature Download PDFInfo
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- CA2269508A1 CA2269508A1 CA 2269508 CA2269508A CA2269508A1 CA 2269508 A1 CA2269508 A1 CA 2269508A1 CA 2269508 CA2269508 CA 2269508 CA 2269508 A CA2269508 A CA 2269508A CA 2269508 A1 CA2269508 A1 CA 2269508A1
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- Prior art keywords
- shaft
- packing
- projection
- bearing surface
- gland
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
- F16J15/18—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with stuffing-boxes for elastic or plastic packings
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Sealing Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Packing system for use with a rotatable shaft and device with rotatable shaft which comprises a packing system of this nature.
The invention describes a packing system for use with a rotatable shaft which is guided through an opening is a partition between two chambers is which different pressures may prevail. The packing system comprises at least one angular packing which can be arranged around the shaft, a gland as well as clamping means for moving the gland uniformly towards the partition is the axial direction, compressing the packing against a stop.
The stop comprises a face which extends in the radial direction with respect to the shaft; at least part of the stop comprises a component which may be fixedly connected to the shaft or forms part of the said shaft.
Alternatively, the bearing surface may be formed partly by a face of a projection on the shaft and a part of a projection which forms part of the partition.
The invention also describes a device which comprises a rotatable shaft which is guided through as opening in a partition between two chambers, sealing being provided by means of a packing system according to the invention.
The invention describes a packing system for use with a rotatable shaft which is guided through an opening is a partition between two chambers is which different pressures may prevail. The packing system comprises at least one angular packing which can be arranged around the shaft, a gland as well as clamping means for moving the gland uniformly towards the partition is the axial direction, compressing the packing against a stop.
The stop comprises a face which extends in the radial direction with respect to the shaft; at least part of the stop comprises a component which may be fixedly connected to the shaft or forms part of the said shaft.
Alternatively, the bearing surface may be formed partly by a face of a projection on the shaft and a part of a projection which forms part of the partition.
The invention also describes a device which comprises a rotatable shaft which is guided through as opening in a partition between two chambers, sealing being provided by means of a packing system according to the invention.
Description
996015/Ba/fhe Short title: Packing system for use with a rotatable shaft and device with rotatable shaft which comprises a packing system of this nature BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a packing system for use with a rotatable shaft which is guided through an opening in a partition between two chambers, comprising at least one annular packing which can be arranged around the shaft; a gland, as well as clamping means for moving the gland uniformly towards the partition in the axial direction, compressing the packing against a stop.
A packing system of this nature is generally known and is used in situations where it i.s necessary to seal a rotatable shaft which is guided through an opening in a partition between two separate chambers, where the pressure and/or nature of the media present in the two chambers may differ. In the standard system, a gland is used to compress the packing in the axial direction, in which case, owing to the nature of the packing material, the pressure in the packing and therefore also the deformation of the packing are propagated in all directions, so that the packing is pressed against the shaft and the wall of the opening in the partition (or the packing housing) so as to forma seal counteracting leakage along the shaft and along the wall of the said opening. A drawback of this known packing system is that in the event of shaft instability, which may arise when a drive is started up, the packing is compressed in an irregular manner in the radial direction, over the course of time, a fact which may result. in high levels of wear with a considerably increased risk of leakage over the course of time. The said problem is related to the generally low elasticity of the compressed packing (an insuffica.ent shape memory~~), with the result that space may be formed in particular between the shaft and the packing.
Obiects of the invention The object of the present invention is to provide a solution to this problem and the invention is embodied by a packing system of the type mentioned above which is characterized in that the stop is formed by a bearing surface which extends in the radial direction with respect to the shaft, the said bearing surface being at least partially fixed to the shaft.
By moving from having the seal in an axial plane, as is customary according to the prior art described above, to having a seal in a plane extending in the radial direction, a packing system is produced which is to a large extent insensitive to instability of the shaft, such as radial movements during start-up or resulting from other possible causes.
Expediently, the packing system according to the invention is designed in such a manner that the bearing surface is created by a stop in the form of a shaft sleeve which closely surrounds the shaft and can be fixedly connected to the shaft in a sealed manner, which shaft sleeve comprises a projection which, in the fitted state, extends radially with respect to the shaf t, and the bearing surface is formed by that face of the projection which is directed towards the gland.
Expediently the shaft sleeve described hereinbefore can be fixed on the shaft with use of attachment means whereby the attachment means can be operated on the side of the partition from which also the gland acts. I.e. for an installation having a rotatable shaft which is guided from the outside to the inside the shaft sleeve may be fixed from the outside.
As a result of fitting a shaft sleeve in a fixed and sealed manner to the shaft, with a projection of the shaft sleeve extending in the radial direction from the shaft towards the wall of the opening in the partition (or towards the wall of a packing housing arranged in the opening) and with the packing being pressed against a shaft-sleeve face which extends in the radial direction, the dynamic sealing surface is formed between a face of the projection on the shaft sleeve and the packing, so that a sealing surface is recreated in the radial direction and relative insensitivity to movements of the shaft in the radial direction is obtained.
In an attractive embodiment of the packing system according to the invention, a first part of the bearing surface is created by a shaft sleeve which closely surrounds the shaft and can be fixedly connected to the shaft in a sealed manner, which shaft sleeve comprises a projection which in the fitted state extends radially with respect to the shaft, and the first part is formed by that face of the projection which is directed towards the gland, and an additional, second part of the bearing surface is created by a housing sleeve which can be arranged around the shaft and can be fixedly connected to the partition or packing-housing wall in a sealed manner, which housing sleeve comprises a projection which, when the housing sleeve is is the fitted state, extends radially with respect to and in the direction of the shaft, and the additional, second part of the bearing surface is formed by that face of the projection which is directed towards the gland, and the first and second parts of the bearing surface lie in a single plane which extends radially with respect to the shaft.
Ia this embodiment, the use of a shaft sleeve which is fixedly connected to the shaft and a housing sleeve which is fixedly connected to the partition results in two projections being formed which extend sufficiently far in the radial direction to be close to one another but not in contact with one another, while a face which extends is the radial direction is formed by the two projections against which the packing is pressed with the aid of the gland.
That part of the packing which bears against the projection of the fixedly arranged housing sleeve is subjected to static load, while that part of the packing which bears against the rotatable projection of the shaft sleeve is subjected to dynamic load. However, effects from shaft vibrations do not play any role since the seal in the radial face created by the shaft: sleeve and the housing sleeve is maintained under all circumstances. Sealing means between the shaft sleeve and the shaft and between the housing sleeve and the housing prevent leakage along the shaft or the partition or packing-housing wall.
In an alternative embodiment of the packing system according to the invention, the bearing surface is at least partially created by a projection which extends radially With respect to the shaft and forms part of the shaft and is formed by a face of the projection which is directed towards the gland and extends radially with respect to the shaft. The projection which comprises a radially extending face against which the packing c:an bear now forms part of the shaft, and an embodiment of this nature is relevant in particular to the construction of new devices in which the shaft can be provided with a prajection by machining.
In a very attractive embodiment of the situation outlined above, in which the shaft itself is provided with a projection, the bearing surface may be partly formed by a radially extending face of a projection which forms part of the shaf t and, on the other hand, partly by a radially extending face of a projection which forms part of the partition, and to this end the packing system according to the invention is characterized i.n that a first part of the bearing surface is created by a projection which extends radially with respect to the shaft and forms part of the shaft and is formed by a face of the projection which is directed towards the gland and extends radially with respect to the shaft, and an additional, second part of the bearing surface is created by a projection in the opening in the partition, which extends radially with respect to and in the direction of the shaft and forms part of the partition, and is formed by a face of the projection which is directed towards the gland and extends in the radial direction with respect to the shaft, the first and second parts of the bearing surface lying in a single plane which extends radially with respect to the shaft.
In this case, the gland presses the packing against a radially extending face which is formed, on the one hand, by a face of a projection which forms part of the shaft and, on the other hand, by a projection which forms part of the partition between the two chambers.
The present invention relates to a packing system for use with a rotatable shaft which is guided through an opening in a partition between two chambers, comprising at least one annular packing which can be arranged around the shaft; a gland, as well as clamping means for moving the gland uniformly towards the partition in the axial direction, compressing the packing against a stop.
A packing system of this nature is generally known and is used in situations where it i.s necessary to seal a rotatable shaft which is guided through an opening in a partition between two separate chambers, where the pressure and/or nature of the media present in the two chambers may differ. In the standard system, a gland is used to compress the packing in the axial direction, in which case, owing to the nature of the packing material, the pressure in the packing and therefore also the deformation of the packing are propagated in all directions, so that the packing is pressed against the shaft and the wall of the opening in the partition (or the packing housing) so as to forma seal counteracting leakage along the shaft and along the wall of the said opening. A drawback of this known packing system is that in the event of shaft instability, which may arise when a drive is started up, the packing is compressed in an irregular manner in the radial direction, over the course of time, a fact which may result. in high levels of wear with a considerably increased risk of leakage over the course of time. The said problem is related to the generally low elasticity of the compressed packing (an insuffica.ent shape memory~~), with the result that space may be formed in particular between the shaft and the packing.
Obiects of the invention The object of the present invention is to provide a solution to this problem and the invention is embodied by a packing system of the type mentioned above which is characterized in that the stop is formed by a bearing surface which extends in the radial direction with respect to the shaft, the said bearing surface being at least partially fixed to the shaft.
By moving from having the seal in an axial plane, as is customary according to the prior art described above, to having a seal in a plane extending in the radial direction, a packing system is produced which is to a large extent insensitive to instability of the shaft, such as radial movements during start-up or resulting from other possible causes.
Expediently, the packing system according to the invention is designed in such a manner that the bearing surface is created by a stop in the form of a shaft sleeve which closely surrounds the shaft and can be fixedly connected to the shaft in a sealed manner, which shaft sleeve comprises a projection which, in the fitted state, extends radially with respect to the shaf t, and the bearing surface is formed by that face of the projection which is directed towards the gland.
Expediently the shaft sleeve described hereinbefore can be fixed on the shaft with use of attachment means whereby the attachment means can be operated on the side of the partition from which also the gland acts. I.e. for an installation having a rotatable shaft which is guided from the outside to the inside the shaft sleeve may be fixed from the outside.
As a result of fitting a shaft sleeve in a fixed and sealed manner to the shaft, with a projection of the shaft sleeve extending in the radial direction from the shaft towards the wall of the opening in the partition (or towards the wall of a packing housing arranged in the opening) and with the packing being pressed against a shaft-sleeve face which extends in the radial direction, the dynamic sealing surface is formed between a face of the projection on the shaft sleeve and the packing, so that a sealing surface is recreated in the radial direction and relative insensitivity to movements of the shaft in the radial direction is obtained.
In an attractive embodiment of the packing system according to the invention, a first part of the bearing surface is created by a shaft sleeve which closely surrounds the shaft and can be fixedly connected to the shaft in a sealed manner, which shaft sleeve comprises a projection which in the fitted state extends radially with respect to the shaft, and the first part is formed by that face of the projection which is directed towards the gland, and an additional, second part of the bearing surface is created by a housing sleeve which can be arranged around the shaft and can be fixedly connected to the partition or packing-housing wall in a sealed manner, which housing sleeve comprises a projection which, when the housing sleeve is is the fitted state, extends radially with respect to and in the direction of the shaft, and the additional, second part of the bearing surface is formed by that face of the projection which is directed towards the gland, and the first and second parts of the bearing surface lie in a single plane which extends radially with respect to the shaft.
Ia this embodiment, the use of a shaft sleeve which is fixedly connected to the shaft and a housing sleeve which is fixedly connected to the partition results in two projections being formed which extend sufficiently far in the radial direction to be close to one another but not in contact with one another, while a face which extends is the radial direction is formed by the two projections against which the packing is pressed with the aid of the gland.
That part of the packing which bears against the projection of the fixedly arranged housing sleeve is subjected to static load, while that part of the packing which bears against the rotatable projection of the shaft sleeve is subjected to dynamic load. However, effects from shaft vibrations do not play any role since the seal in the radial face created by the shaft: sleeve and the housing sleeve is maintained under all circumstances. Sealing means between the shaft sleeve and the shaft and between the housing sleeve and the housing prevent leakage along the shaft or the partition or packing-housing wall.
In an alternative embodiment of the packing system according to the invention, the bearing surface is at least partially created by a projection which extends radially With respect to the shaft and forms part of the shaft and is formed by a face of the projection which is directed towards the gland and extends radially with respect to the shaft. The projection which comprises a radially extending face against which the packing c:an bear now forms part of the shaft, and an embodiment of this nature is relevant in particular to the construction of new devices in which the shaft can be provided with a prajection by machining.
In a very attractive embodiment of the situation outlined above, in which the shaft itself is provided with a projection, the bearing surface may be partly formed by a radially extending face of a projection which forms part of the shaf t and, on the other hand, partly by a radially extending face of a projection which forms part of the partition, and to this end the packing system according to the invention is characterized i.n that a first part of the bearing surface is created by a projection which extends radially with respect to the shaft and forms part of the shaft and is formed by a face of the projection which is directed towards the gland and extends radially with respect to the shaft, and an additional, second part of the bearing surface is created by a projection in the opening in the partition, which extends radially with respect to and in the direction of the shaft and forms part of the partition, and is formed by a face of the projection which is directed towards the gland and extends in the radial direction with respect to the shaft, the first and second parts of the bearing surface lying in a single plane which extends radially with respect to the shaft.
In this case, the gland presses the packing against a radially extending face which is formed, on the one hand, by a face of a projection which forms part of the shaft and, on the other hand, by a projection which forms part of the partition between the two chambers.
In the case of devices which comprise a rotatable shaft, such as for example a pump or stirring mechanism, in addition to shaft vibrations in the radial direction, it is also possible, under certain circumstances, that axial movements of the shaft may occur. For a situation of this nature, it is expedient to provide spring means in order to absorb axial movements of the shaft while maintaining the seal. Depending on the extent of the axial movements, the spring means may be cup springs which are arranged between the clamping means which move the gland towards the partition and the gland itself, for example between the head of bolts used for this purpose and the face of the gland, or the spring means may comprise a compression spring which is arranged between the packing and the gland.
In addition, it is possible to provide both cup springs between the clamping means and the gland and spring means between the packing and the gland.
The invention also relates to a device with a rotatable shaft, in which the shaft is guided through an opening in a partition between t.wo chambers, which device comprises a packing system for sealing the shaft with respect to the partition, characterized in that the device comprises a packing system according to the invention as described above.
Ia the embodiment of the packing system according to the invention in which the bearing surface in its entirety is comprised by a shaft sleeve which is fixedly connected to the shaft, there is, is order to improve the sealing of the packing system according to the invention still further, provided that a second packing bears against a bearing surface on the side of the projection which is facing away from the gland and whereby between the bottom of the packing chamber (in which the packing system is present) and the second packing at least a compression spring is provided. Optionally, for very deep packing chambers, a stuffing sleeve can be provided between the bottom of the packing chamber and the compression spring.
In a further attractive embodiment of the invention there is, is a packing system in which the stop against which the packing is pressed is fully comprised by a shaft sleeve which can be fixedly connected to the shaft, said shaft sleeve is constructed divisible, whereby the parts can be connected to each other 'with use of connecting means.
This embodiment is usable 'with existing installations, whereby the installation for mounting of the packing system according to the invention, not is to be taken apart.
The connecting means are for example flanges which are divisible which can be connected to the outside of the shaft sleeve.
The sealing between the shaft sleeve and the shaft is, in this case, achieved with use of one or more divisible O-rings which is/are included in a groove or grooves on the inside of the shaft sleeve.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will now be described with reference to the drawing, in which:
Fig. 1 shows a packing system for use with a rotatable shaft, according to the prior art;
Fig. 2 shows a first embodiment of a packing system according to the invention;
Fig. 3A, B shows a second embodiment of a packing system according to the invention;
Fig. 4 shows a packing system according to the invention which uses a projection which forms part of the rotatable shaft;
Fig. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the situation sketched in Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 shows another embodiment of the arrangement as sketched in Fig. 4;
Fig. 7 shows an alternative embodiment of a packing system in accordance with Fig. 3;
Fig. 8A-C show a packing system according to fig. 2 in a very attractive embodiment; and Fig. 9 shows another variant of the packing system according to fig. 2 which provides an eves better sealing of the shaft.
Fig. 1 shows a rotatable shaft 1 which is guided through an opening in a partition 2 between two chambers (not shown in more detail) is which different pressures may prevail and/or different media may be present. The figure shows a number of packing rings 3 which are compressed by gland 4 and bear against a bearing surface 9 of the projection 14, which forms part of the partition 2 or, alternatively, forms part of a standard packing housing which is present in the opening in the partition 2. The nature of the packing employed;provides it with a liquid-like character, in such a manner that when pressure is applied by means of the gland this pressure is propagated on all sides, with the result that the packing is made to bear correctly against the rotatable shaft 1 and against the wall of the opening in the partition 2. As an alternative to the opening in t;he partition in which a bearing surface 9 is formed, it is also possible to arrange a special packing housing, which is provided with a bearing surface for the packing, is an opening.
Any vibration of the shaft is the radial direction exposes the seal, in particular along the shaft, to the risk of breaking off. Moreover, most packing materials have little °memoryp after they have been compressed, i.e. they have little or no elasticity, aad consequently deformation caused by a radial movement of the shaft creates a gap between packing and shaft, which is followed by leakage.
The static seal with respect to the wall of the opening in the partition or with respect to the wall of a packing housing which may be present remains substantially unchanged.
The materials of which the packing may consist may include hemp, cotton and asbestos, sometimes with a rubber core and often with a square crass section. Cords of this nature are impregnated With grease, oil or graphite, so that their density is increased and the packing becomes self-lubricating to a certain extent. The packing material may, for example, comprise graphite which is reinforced with fibres, such as carbon fibres or Iaconel fibres. For application purposes, the rings of square cross section are g _ cut through in such a manner that when axial pressure is applied to the packing the cut surfaces are pressed against one another so as to form a seal. If a plurality of packing rings are placed against one another, it is ensured that the cuts are offset with respect to one another. In the event of shaft vibrations, the packing may be damaged and/or deformed at the surface where it is sealed to the shaft, a fact which may lead to leakage.
Fig. 2 shows a packing system according to the invention is which the shaft 1 is provided with a shaft sleeve 5 which is fixed thereto and is attached to the shaft with the aid of attachment means 6, such as bolts or screws, 7 indicating a O-ring which is pressed on in a sealed manner in order to counteract leakage along the shaft. The shaft sleeve 5 comprises a projection 8, the packing 3 being pressed against the said projection 8 by the gland 4, providing a seal along the bearing surface 9.
When the shaft 1 rotates, the packing 3 rubs along bearing surface 9. Since this bearing surface 9 extends in the radial direction with respect to the shaft 1, vibrations of this shaft 1 have no effect on !the sealing ability in the bearing surface 9 between the packing 3 and the projection 8 of the shaft sleeve 5.
The seal with respect to the wall of the opening is the partition remains substantially unchanged even in the event of the shaft 1 vibrating :in the radial direction.
Ia the embodiment according to fig. 2 the gland 4 is located on the outside of a installation, which is not further described, of which the separation 2 forms the outer delimitation. Mounting and fixing of the shaft sleeve may be accomplished from the outside of the installation.
In an alternative embodiment, Fig. 3 shows the situation in which a bearing surface 9 extending in the radial direction is created, on the one hand, by a projection 8B which is present on a shaft sleeve 5 which is fixed to the shaft 1 in a sealed manner and, on the other hand, by projection 8A on a housing sleeve 11 which is fixed in a sealed manner to the partition 2. The shaft 1 is guided through as opening in the partition 2, the shaft _ g _ sleeve 5 with projection 8B being attached and sealed as described in Fig. 2. There is also a housing sleeve 11 with a projection 8A which extends is the radial direction towards the radially extending projection 8B of the shaft sleeve 5. The packing 3 bears against the bearing surface 9 which, as shown in Fig. 3B, comprises a radial bearing surface part 9A and a radial bearing surface 9B which form part of a projection 8A, 8B on the shaft sleeve 5 and the housing sleeve 11. The seal is effected along the bearing surface parts 9A and 9B, the bearing surface 9B moving with respect to the packing material 3 and the bearing surface 9A being immobile with respect to the packing material 3.
Any radial vibrations of the shaft do not have any effect oa the seal in the surface 9B, since these vibrations do not have any effect on the seal in the face extending radially. Furthermore, the seal between the shaft sleeve 5 and the circumference of the packing material 3 is less important, because the main seal is provided in the radially extending bearing surface 9 which is composed of parts 9A and 9B.
The embodiments as shown is Figs. 2 and 3 are particularly suitable for use is existing installations in which, by attaching the shaft sleeve shown or a shaft sleeve and a housing sleeve, it is possible to create a situation is which the packing can be compressed is a conventional manner using a gland so as to form a sealed bearing surface which extends in the radial direction with respect to the shaf t.
For new devices which are to be built, it may be advantageous to provide the shaft itself with a projection, this projection again comprising a bearing surface which extends in the radial direction with respect to the shaft and against which a packing material can be pressed with the aid of a gland.
Fig. 4 sketches a first embodiment is which a shaft 21 is guided through an opening is a partition 22, and a packing material 23 is pressed against a bearing surface 29, which forms part of a projection 28 of the shaft 21, with the aid of a gland 24. Here too, sealing is effected in a surface 29 which extends in the radial direction with respect to the shaft 21, making the packing system insensitive to radial shaft vibrations. Of course, spring means may be provided in order to prevent effects from any shaft vibrations in the axial direction, which spring means may, on the one hand, be in the form of cup springs which are arranged between clamping means (such as bolts) which are used to clamp the gland and the gland itself. The cup springs may, for example, be accommodated between the head of the bolts employed and that side of the gland which faces away from the packing. Alternatively, a compression spring may be arranged between the packing and the gland.
The packing system may also be provided with both types of spring means.
Of course, the use of spring means of this nature is not limited to the embodiment of a packing system sketched in this figure; spring means of this nature may also be used with success in the embodiments shown in Figs. 2 and 3.
Fig. 5 sketches a variant of the situation shown in Fig. 4. In Fig. 5, a shaft 30 is provided with a projection 35 which forms a first part of a bearing surface 39A, while a projection 31 in the opening :in the partition 32 forms a second part of a bearing surface 39B. The partial bearing surfaces are denoted by 39A and 39B, the bearing surface part 39A being formed by a face of the projection 35 on the shaft 30 and the bearing surface 39B being formed by a face of the projection 31 which is present in the opening of the partition 22. The packing bears against the bearing surface part 39B when at rest and is subjected to dynamic load in the bearing surface part 39A by the movement of the projection 35 of the shaft 30 with respect to the packing material 33.
Fig. 6 shows yet another embodiment of the packing system according to the invention, in which a shaft 40 is provided with a projection 45 which extends beyond the boundary of the opening in the partition 42, starting from the shaft 40. In this way, a bearing surface 49 for the packing 43 is created, which bearing surface again extends in the radial direction with respect to the shaft 40, the seal in the surface 49 being to a large extent insensitive to any shaft vibration. Movement of the shaft in the axial direction can again be absorbed by using spring means as described above. In this embodiment, a bearing surface inside the opening in the partition 42 or inside a packing housing arranged in the opening for this purpose may be omitted (cf. for example projection 14 in Figs. 1, 2; 26 in Fig. 4 and 31 in Fig. 5).
Fig. 7 shows an alternative embodiment of the second embodiment sketched in Fig. 3, with the housing sleeve 11 with projection 8A replaced by a loosely positioned housing sleeve 14 which adjoins the partition 2 between the two chambers. The housing sleeve 14 is held in place by a projection 15 which is present can the wall of the opening in the partition 2. As in all the preceding cases, a packing housing which has a form suitable for the design in question may also be present in the opening in the partition 2. The internal diameter of this housing sleeve 14 is slightly greater than the external diameter of the projection 8B which is situated oa the shaft sleeve 5. The shaft sleeve 5 is mounted on the shaft in such a manner that the radial face of the projection 8B on the side of the gland 4 lies in a single plane with the radial face of the housing sleeve 14 on the side of the gland. The packing 3 is pressed against the radial face, formed by the housing sleeve 14 and the projection 8B of the shaf t sleeve, by the gland, and this radial bearing surface makes the seal insensitive to radial shaft movements.
Fig. 8A shows a shaft sleeve of the type as referred to in fig. 2 wherein the stop, against which the packing is pressed with use of a gland, is fully comprised by the shaft sleeve.
The shaft sleeve 50 is constructed divisible and comprises parts 51, 52. The parts 51, 52 can be united to a shaft sleeve 50 with use of divisible flanges 53, 54 and 55, 56 which can close around the outer surface of the shaft sleeve and which can be canaected with use of attachment means with the shaft sleeve parts.
As can be seen in the figure the joints between the shaft sleeve parts 51 and 52 and the joints between the flange parts 53, 54 and 55, 56 have been staggered with respect to each other over 90°.
Connecting can be carried out with use of flush mounted head screws through holes 58; the screws end in threaded holes 58' in the shaft sleeve.
The shaft sleeve 50 constructed in parts is, after putting together thereof, fixedly connected to the shaft, for example shaft 1 in fig. 2.
Fig. 8B shows part 52 of the shaft sleeve of fig. 8A.
Fig. 8C shows a openable O-ring 59, having parts 59A, B which can engage each other which O-ring can be arranged around the shaft in opened form;: is closed subsequently with use of parts 59A, B and becomes located in a groove 57 of the shaft sleeve 50 which has been put together.
Also, of course, a plurality of these O-rings may be used. In such case a plurality of grooves is provided on the inside of the shaft sleeve.
Fig. 9 shows a variant of the packing system of fig. 2 wherein against the projection 8 on the one side a packing 3 is pressed by gland 4 and bearing occurs in bearing surface 9 whereas oa the other hand a second packing 15 is present which bears against the opposite surface of the projection 8 and bears against bearing surface 9'.
The packing 15 is pressed with use of a compression spring 16 which rests against the bottom 18 of the packing chamber in which the Whole packing assembly is located. For a very deep packing chamber a stuffing sleeve 17 may be present, such as a sleeve out of: bronze.
In fig. 9 the bolt 12 and spring 13, which are drawn is fig. 2, have been omitted; however in real life practice they will be present for pressing the gland 4. The spring 13 is preferably a cup spring.
This alternative system of fig. 9 has, in respect of the embodiment of fig. 2, the following advantages:
1. The sealing along the axis is double;
2. The O-ring 7 is better shielded whereby this, for example in the case of a slurry of fine particles or crystals, has a longer service life; and 3. The resiliency of the compression spring 16 provides the possibility of balancing of the compression force of the gland 4 such that high loads of the attachment means 6 are avoided.
The double packing further obviates a very strong compression force of the gland; in all cases a superior sealing is obtained.
In addition, it is possible to provide both cup springs between the clamping means and the gland and spring means between the packing and the gland.
The invention also relates to a device with a rotatable shaft, in which the shaft is guided through an opening in a partition between t.wo chambers, which device comprises a packing system for sealing the shaft with respect to the partition, characterized in that the device comprises a packing system according to the invention as described above.
Ia the embodiment of the packing system according to the invention in which the bearing surface in its entirety is comprised by a shaft sleeve which is fixedly connected to the shaft, there is, is order to improve the sealing of the packing system according to the invention still further, provided that a second packing bears against a bearing surface on the side of the projection which is facing away from the gland and whereby between the bottom of the packing chamber (in which the packing system is present) and the second packing at least a compression spring is provided. Optionally, for very deep packing chambers, a stuffing sleeve can be provided between the bottom of the packing chamber and the compression spring.
In a further attractive embodiment of the invention there is, is a packing system in which the stop against which the packing is pressed is fully comprised by a shaft sleeve which can be fixedly connected to the shaft, said shaft sleeve is constructed divisible, whereby the parts can be connected to each other 'with use of connecting means.
This embodiment is usable 'with existing installations, whereby the installation for mounting of the packing system according to the invention, not is to be taken apart.
The connecting means are for example flanges which are divisible which can be connected to the outside of the shaft sleeve.
The sealing between the shaft sleeve and the shaft is, in this case, achieved with use of one or more divisible O-rings which is/are included in a groove or grooves on the inside of the shaft sleeve.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will now be described with reference to the drawing, in which:
Fig. 1 shows a packing system for use with a rotatable shaft, according to the prior art;
Fig. 2 shows a first embodiment of a packing system according to the invention;
Fig. 3A, B shows a second embodiment of a packing system according to the invention;
Fig. 4 shows a packing system according to the invention which uses a projection which forms part of the rotatable shaft;
Fig. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the situation sketched in Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 shows another embodiment of the arrangement as sketched in Fig. 4;
Fig. 7 shows an alternative embodiment of a packing system in accordance with Fig. 3;
Fig. 8A-C show a packing system according to fig. 2 in a very attractive embodiment; and Fig. 9 shows another variant of the packing system according to fig. 2 which provides an eves better sealing of the shaft.
Fig. 1 shows a rotatable shaft 1 which is guided through an opening in a partition 2 between two chambers (not shown in more detail) is which different pressures may prevail and/or different media may be present. The figure shows a number of packing rings 3 which are compressed by gland 4 and bear against a bearing surface 9 of the projection 14, which forms part of the partition 2 or, alternatively, forms part of a standard packing housing which is present in the opening in the partition 2. The nature of the packing employed;provides it with a liquid-like character, in such a manner that when pressure is applied by means of the gland this pressure is propagated on all sides, with the result that the packing is made to bear correctly against the rotatable shaft 1 and against the wall of the opening in the partition 2. As an alternative to the opening in t;he partition in which a bearing surface 9 is formed, it is also possible to arrange a special packing housing, which is provided with a bearing surface for the packing, is an opening.
Any vibration of the shaft is the radial direction exposes the seal, in particular along the shaft, to the risk of breaking off. Moreover, most packing materials have little °memoryp after they have been compressed, i.e. they have little or no elasticity, aad consequently deformation caused by a radial movement of the shaft creates a gap between packing and shaft, which is followed by leakage.
The static seal with respect to the wall of the opening in the partition or with respect to the wall of a packing housing which may be present remains substantially unchanged.
The materials of which the packing may consist may include hemp, cotton and asbestos, sometimes with a rubber core and often with a square crass section. Cords of this nature are impregnated With grease, oil or graphite, so that their density is increased and the packing becomes self-lubricating to a certain extent. The packing material may, for example, comprise graphite which is reinforced with fibres, such as carbon fibres or Iaconel fibres. For application purposes, the rings of square cross section are g _ cut through in such a manner that when axial pressure is applied to the packing the cut surfaces are pressed against one another so as to form a seal. If a plurality of packing rings are placed against one another, it is ensured that the cuts are offset with respect to one another. In the event of shaft vibrations, the packing may be damaged and/or deformed at the surface where it is sealed to the shaft, a fact which may lead to leakage.
Fig. 2 shows a packing system according to the invention is which the shaft 1 is provided with a shaft sleeve 5 which is fixed thereto and is attached to the shaft with the aid of attachment means 6, such as bolts or screws, 7 indicating a O-ring which is pressed on in a sealed manner in order to counteract leakage along the shaft. The shaft sleeve 5 comprises a projection 8, the packing 3 being pressed against the said projection 8 by the gland 4, providing a seal along the bearing surface 9.
When the shaft 1 rotates, the packing 3 rubs along bearing surface 9. Since this bearing surface 9 extends in the radial direction with respect to the shaft 1, vibrations of this shaft 1 have no effect on !the sealing ability in the bearing surface 9 between the packing 3 and the projection 8 of the shaft sleeve 5.
The seal with respect to the wall of the opening is the partition remains substantially unchanged even in the event of the shaft 1 vibrating :in the radial direction.
Ia the embodiment according to fig. 2 the gland 4 is located on the outside of a installation, which is not further described, of which the separation 2 forms the outer delimitation. Mounting and fixing of the shaft sleeve may be accomplished from the outside of the installation.
In an alternative embodiment, Fig. 3 shows the situation in which a bearing surface 9 extending in the radial direction is created, on the one hand, by a projection 8B which is present on a shaft sleeve 5 which is fixed to the shaft 1 in a sealed manner and, on the other hand, by projection 8A on a housing sleeve 11 which is fixed in a sealed manner to the partition 2. The shaft 1 is guided through as opening in the partition 2, the shaft _ g _ sleeve 5 with projection 8B being attached and sealed as described in Fig. 2. There is also a housing sleeve 11 with a projection 8A which extends is the radial direction towards the radially extending projection 8B of the shaft sleeve 5. The packing 3 bears against the bearing surface 9 which, as shown in Fig. 3B, comprises a radial bearing surface part 9A and a radial bearing surface 9B which form part of a projection 8A, 8B on the shaft sleeve 5 and the housing sleeve 11. The seal is effected along the bearing surface parts 9A and 9B, the bearing surface 9B moving with respect to the packing material 3 and the bearing surface 9A being immobile with respect to the packing material 3.
Any radial vibrations of the shaft do not have any effect oa the seal in the surface 9B, since these vibrations do not have any effect on the seal in the face extending radially. Furthermore, the seal between the shaft sleeve 5 and the circumference of the packing material 3 is less important, because the main seal is provided in the radially extending bearing surface 9 which is composed of parts 9A and 9B.
The embodiments as shown is Figs. 2 and 3 are particularly suitable for use is existing installations in which, by attaching the shaft sleeve shown or a shaft sleeve and a housing sleeve, it is possible to create a situation is which the packing can be compressed is a conventional manner using a gland so as to form a sealed bearing surface which extends in the radial direction with respect to the shaf t.
For new devices which are to be built, it may be advantageous to provide the shaft itself with a projection, this projection again comprising a bearing surface which extends in the radial direction with respect to the shaft and against which a packing material can be pressed with the aid of a gland.
Fig. 4 sketches a first embodiment is which a shaft 21 is guided through an opening is a partition 22, and a packing material 23 is pressed against a bearing surface 29, which forms part of a projection 28 of the shaft 21, with the aid of a gland 24. Here too, sealing is effected in a surface 29 which extends in the radial direction with respect to the shaft 21, making the packing system insensitive to radial shaft vibrations. Of course, spring means may be provided in order to prevent effects from any shaft vibrations in the axial direction, which spring means may, on the one hand, be in the form of cup springs which are arranged between clamping means (such as bolts) which are used to clamp the gland and the gland itself. The cup springs may, for example, be accommodated between the head of the bolts employed and that side of the gland which faces away from the packing. Alternatively, a compression spring may be arranged between the packing and the gland.
The packing system may also be provided with both types of spring means.
Of course, the use of spring means of this nature is not limited to the embodiment of a packing system sketched in this figure; spring means of this nature may also be used with success in the embodiments shown in Figs. 2 and 3.
Fig. 5 sketches a variant of the situation shown in Fig. 4. In Fig. 5, a shaft 30 is provided with a projection 35 which forms a first part of a bearing surface 39A, while a projection 31 in the opening :in the partition 32 forms a second part of a bearing surface 39B. The partial bearing surfaces are denoted by 39A and 39B, the bearing surface part 39A being formed by a face of the projection 35 on the shaft 30 and the bearing surface 39B being formed by a face of the projection 31 which is present in the opening of the partition 22. The packing bears against the bearing surface part 39B when at rest and is subjected to dynamic load in the bearing surface part 39A by the movement of the projection 35 of the shaft 30 with respect to the packing material 33.
Fig. 6 shows yet another embodiment of the packing system according to the invention, in which a shaft 40 is provided with a projection 45 which extends beyond the boundary of the opening in the partition 42, starting from the shaft 40. In this way, a bearing surface 49 for the packing 43 is created, which bearing surface again extends in the radial direction with respect to the shaft 40, the seal in the surface 49 being to a large extent insensitive to any shaft vibration. Movement of the shaft in the axial direction can again be absorbed by using spring means as described above. In this embodiment, a bearing surface inside the opening in the partition 42 or inside a packing housing arranged in the opening for this purpose may be omitted (cf. for example projection 14 in Figs. 1, 2; 26 in Fig. 4 and 31 in Fig. 5).
Fig. 7 shows an alternative embodiment of the second embodiment sketched in Fig. 3, with the housing sleeve 11 with projection 8A replaced by a loosely positioned housing sleeve 14 which adjoins the partition 2 between the two chambers. The housing sleeve 14 is held in place by a projection 15 which is present can the wall of the opening in the partition 2. As in all the preceding cases, a packing housing which has a form suitable for the design in question may also be present in the opening in the partition 2. The internal diameter of this housing sleeve 14 is slightly greater than the external diameter of the projection 8B which is situated oa the shaft sleeve 5. The shaft sleeve 5 is mounted on the shaft in such a manner that the radial face of the projection 8B on the side of the gland 4 lies in a single plane with the radial face of the housing sleeve 14 on the side of the gland. The packing 3 is pressed against the radial face, formed by the housing sleeve 14 and the projection 8B of the shaf t sleeve, by the gland, and this radial bearing surface makes the seal insensitive to radial shaft movements.
Fig. 8A shows a shaft sleeve of the type as referred to in fig. 2 wherein the stop, against which the packing is pressed with use of a gland, is fully comprised by the shaft sleeve.
The shaft sleeve 50 is constructed divisible and comprises parts 51, 52. The parts 51, 52 can be united to a shaft sleeve 50 with use of divisible flanges 53, 54 and 55, 56 which can close around the outer surface of the shaft sleeve and which can be canaected with use of attachment means with the shaft sleeve parts.
As can be seen in the figure the joints between the shaft sleeve parts 51 and 52 and the joints between the flange parts 53, 54 and 55, 56 have been staggered with respect to each other over 90°.
Connecting can be carried out with use of flush mounted head screws through holes 58; the screws end in threaded holes 58' in the shaft sleeve.
The shaft sleeve 50 constructed in parts is, after putting together thereof, fixedly connected to the shaft, for example shaft 1 in fig. 2.
Fig. 8B shows part 52 of the shaft sleeve of fig. 8A.
Fig. 8C shows a openable O-ring 59, having parts 59A, B which can engage each other which O-ring can be arranged around the shaft in opened form;: is closed subsequently with use of parts 59A, B and becomes located in a groove 57 of the shaft sleeve 50 which has been put together.
Also, of course, a plurality of these O-rings may be used. In such case a plurality of grooves is provided on the inside of the shaft sleeve.
Fig. 9 shows a variant of the packing system of fig. 2 wherein against the projection 8 on the one side a packing 3 is pressed by gland 4 and bearing occurs in bearing surface 9 whereas oa the other hand a second packing 15 is present which bears against the opposite surface of the projection 8 and bears against bearing surface 9'.
The packing 15 is pressed with use of a compression spring 16 which rests against the bottom 18 of the packing chamber in which the Whole packing assembly is located. For a very deep packing chamber a stuffing sleeve 17 may be present, such as a sleeve out of: bronze.
In fig. 9 the bolt 12 and spring 13, which are drawn is fig. 2, have been omitted; however in real life practice they will be present for pressing the gland 4. The spring 13 is preferably a cup spring.
This alternative system of fig. 9 has, in respect of the embodiment of fig. 2, the following advantages:
1. The sealing along the axis is double;
2. The O-ring 7 is better shielded whereby this, for example in the case of a slurry of fine particles or crystals, has a longer service life; and 3. The resiliency of the compression spring 16 provides the possibility of balancing of the compression force of the gland 4 such that high loads of the attachment means 6 are avoided.
The double packing further obviates a very strong compression force of the gland; in all cases a superior sealing is obtained.
Claims (15)
1. Packing system for use with a rotatable shaft which is guided through an opening in a partition between two chambers, comprising at least one annular packing which can be arranged around the shaft; a gland, as well as clamping means for moving the gland uniformly towards the partition in the axial direction, compressing the packing against a stop, wherein the stop comprises at least one bearing surface which extends in the radial direction with respect to the shaft and the said stop is at least partially fixed to the shaft.
2. Packing system according to claim 1, wherein the bearing surface is created by a stop in the form of a shaft sleeve which closely surrounds the shaft and can be fixedly connected to the shaft in a sealed manner, which shaft sleeve comprises a projection which, in the fitted state, extends radially with respect to the shaft, and the bearing surface is formed by that face of the projection which is directed towards the gland.
3. Packing system according to claim 1, wherein a first part of the bearing surface is created by a shaft sleeve which closely surrounds the shaft and can be fixedly connected to the shaft in a sealed manner, which shaft sleeve comprises a projection which in the fitted state extends radially with respect to the shaft, and the first part is formed by that face of the projection which is directed towards the gland, and an additional, second part of the bearing surface is created by a housing sleeve which can be arranged around the shaft and can be fixedly connected to the partition is a sealed manger, which housing sleeve comprises a projection which, when the housing sleeve is in the fitted state, extends radially with respect to and in the direction of the shaft, and the additional second part of the bearing surface is formed by that face of the projection which is directed towards the gland, and the first and second parts of the bearing surface lie is a single plane which extends radially with respect to the shaft.
4. Packing system according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the shaft sleeve and the housing sleeve are sealed with respect to the shaft and the partition, respectively, with the aid of packing material.
5. Packing system according to claim 1, wherein the bearing surface is at least partially created by a projection which extends radially with respect to the shaft and forms part of the shaft and is formed by a face of the projection which is directed towards the gland and extends radially with respect to the shaft.
6. Packing system according to claim 5, wherein a first part of the bearing surface is created by a projection which extends radially with respect to the shaft and forms part of the shaft and is formed by a face of the projection, which face is directed towards the gland and extends radially with respect to the shaft, and an additional, second part of the bearing surface is created by a projection in the opening in the partition, which extends radially with respect to and in the direction of the shaft and forms part of the partition, and is formed by a face of the projection, which face is directed towards the gland and extends in the radial direction with respect to the shaft, the first and second part, of the bearing surface lying is a single plane which extends radially with respect to the shaft.
7. Packing system according to claim 1, wherein spring means may be present is order to absorb the axial movements of the shaft.
8. Packing system according to claim 7, wherein the spring means are cup springs which can be arranged between the clamping means and the gland.
9. Packing system according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the spring means comprise a compression spring which can be arranged between the packing and the gland.
10. Packing system according to claim 2, wherein a second packing bears against a bearing surface on the side of the projection which is directed away from the gland and wherein between the bottom of the packing chamber and the second packing at least a compression spring is provided.
11. Packing system according to claim 10, wherein between the bottom of the packing chamber and the compression spring a stuffing sleeve is provided.
12. Packing system according to claim 2 or 10, wherein the shaft sleeve is constructed divisible and the parts can be connected with each other with use of connection means.
13. Packing system according to claim 12, wherein the connection means are divisible flanges which can be connected with the outside of the shaft sleeve parts with formation of the shaft sleeve.
14. Packing system according to claim 12, wherein the sealing of the shaft sleeve on the shaft is achieved with use of a openable O-ring which can be received in a groove at the inside of the shaft sleeve.
15. Device with rotatable shaft, in which the shaft is guided through an opening in a partition between two chambers, which device comprises a packing system for sealing the shaft with respect to the partition, wherein the device comprises a packing system according to claim 1.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL1009005 | 1998-04-27 | ||
| NL1009005A NL1009005C2 (en) | 1998-04-27 | 1998-04-27 | Packing system for application to rotatable shaft extending through opening in dividing wall between two rooms |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2269508A1 true CA2269508A1 (en) | 1999-10-27 |
Family
ID=19767028
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2269508 Abandoned CA2269508A1 (en) | 1998-04-27 | 1999-04-22 | Packing system for use with a rotatable shaft and device with rotatable shaft which comprises a packing system of this nature |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2269508A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL1009005C2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103899757A (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2014-07-02 | 蓝小玲 | Rotary cylinder seal device |
| RU219807U1 (en) * | 2023-06-22 | 2023-08-08 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Волгоградский государственный технический университет" (ВолгГТУ) | PACKING |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3659862A (en) * | 1970-07-29 | 1972-05-02 | Gaf Corp | Rotating shaft stuffing box |
| DE3327421C2 (en) * | 1983-07-29 | 1986-02-13 | J.M. Voith Gmbh, 7920 Heidenheim | Stuffing box |
| DE4036217A1 (en) * | 1990-11-14 | 1992-05-21 | Voith Gmbh J M | PLUG SOCKET |
| AU5140698A (en) * | 1996-12-02 | 1998-06-29 | Ganesh Murugan | Dynamic packing type seal |
-
1998
- 1998-04-27 NL NL1009005A patent/NL1009005C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1999
- 1999-04-22 CA CA 2269508 patent/CA2269508A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103899757A (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2014-07-02 | 蓝小玲 | Rotary cylinder seal device |
| RU219807U1 (en) * | 2023-06-22 | 2023-08-08 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Волгоградский государственный технический университет" (ВолгГТУ) | PACKING |
| RU219817U1 (en) * | 2023-06-22 | 2023-08-09 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Волгоградский государственный технический университет" (ВолгГТУ) | PACKING |
| RU220395U1 (en) * | 2023-06-22 | 2023-09-12 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Волгоградский государственный технический университет" (ВолгГТУ) | PACKING |
| RU220398U1 (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2023-09-12 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Волгоградский государственный технический университет" (ВолгГТУ) | PACKING |
| RU220400U1 (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2023-09-12 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Волгоградский государственный технический университет" (ВолгГТУ) | PACKING |
| RU220396U1 (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2023-09-12 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Волгоградский государственный технический университет" (ВолгГТУ) | PACKING |
| RU220401U1 (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2023-09-12 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Волгоградский государственный технический университет" (ВолгГТУ) | PACKING |
| RU220397U1 (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2023-09-12 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Волгоградский государственный технический университет" (ВолгГТУ) | PACKING |
| RU220399U1 (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2023-09-12 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Волгоградский государственный технический университет" (ВолгГТУ) | PACKING |
| RU220412U1 (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2023-09-13 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Волгоградский государственный технический университет" (ВолгГТУ) | PACKING |
| RU220413U1 (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2023-09-13 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Волгоградский государственный технический университет" (ВолгГТУ) | PACKING |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL1009005C2 (en) | 1999-10-28 |
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