CA2265046C - Biocidal compositions - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to a composition comprising benzoic acid or a derivative of benzoic acid capable of giving rise to free benzoic acid in vivo for use as a medicament for animals, wherein said acid/derivative functions as an antibiotic, promotes growth, decreases feed conversion and improves digestibility of amino acids administered in animal feeds. The benzoic acid or its derivative can be administered to the animal either in its feed composition or in its drinking water. It is particularly effective in pigs.

Description

WO 98108499I520l\)‘J’:CA 02265046 1999-02-25PCT/IB97I0l068BIOCIDAL COMPOSITIONSThis invention relates to the use of compositions comprising benzoic acidfor use as a medicament for animals, especially pigs, at the same time promotinggrowth thereof and improving the digestibility of amino acids fed to such animals.It is known from our own prior published EP-A-0683985 that animal feedcompositions comprising. benzoic acid or salts thereof can be used to minimise theemission of odoriferous ammonia from organic wastes, especially animalexcrements and manure.It has now been found that in addition to the above function, benzoic acidcan be used instead of relatively expensive antibiotics for such animals andt‘ui1hermore, such acid/salts have the advantage ofbeing able to promote growth,decrease feed conversion and improve digestibility of amino acids in animal feeds.Accordingly, the present invention is a composition comprising benzoicacid or a derivative ofbenzoic acid capable of giving rise to free benzoic acid inviva for use as a medicament for animals.Benzoic acid or a derivative thereofcapable of giving rise to benzoic acidin viva may be administered to the animals as a component of a composition whichis conventionally fed to animals. Thus. benzoic acid and derivatives thereof may besuitably administered to the animals as a component of the animal feed or in theirdrinking water. Specific examples ot'derivatives ofbenzoic acid which can giverise to benzoic acid in viw; include salts ofbenzoic acid such as eg the alkali metal-alkaline earth metal- and ammonium henzoates.The amount otbenzoic acid or a derivative thereof administered to theanimal is suitably such that it is sutlicient to prevent/cure any infection in the animalin its capacity as a biocide. Such an amount is suitably in the range from 0.001 —5% based on the total weight of each feed fed to the animal. This amount may,WO 98/0849910CA 02265046 1999-02-25PCTIIB97I0l068however, be higher ifthe function of benzoic acid or a derivative thereof is not onlyto act as a biocide but also to control the pH ofthe animal excreta fed on such adiet in order to suppress the emission ofammonia from the excreta. Such higheramounts are suitably limited to a maximum of about 10% based on the total animalfeed composition. The benzone acid/salt functions inter alia as an antibiotic,promotes growth, decreases feed conversion and improves digestibility of aminoacids administered in animal feeds.A typical formulation for an animal feed composition is shown in Table 1below in which all the amounts shown in % by weight were fed to pigs:TABLE IComposition Control ll Example 2Meat meal (58% Crude protein) 3.20 3.20Molasses 5.00 5.00Wheat 5.90 5.90Soybean meal (45% Crude 15.1 15.1rotein)Tapioca (66% starch) 36.5 35.5Wheat middlings I5 15Animal fat 3.3 3.3Limestone 0.74 0.74Lvsine hydrochloride (‘)8%) 0.06 0.06Vitamin premix 0.5 0.5Trace minerals 0.5 0.5Sunflower meal 12.2 12.2Ammonium chloride 2 2Ammonium benzoate - IThus, benzoic acid or a derivative thereof may be used in combination withconventional ingredients present in an animal feed composition (diet) such ascalcium carbonates. elec.trol_vtes such as eg ammonium chloride, proteins such assoya bean meal. wheat. starcli. sunflower meal. corn, meat and bone meal, aminoacids. animal fat, vitamins and trace minerals.IQW0 98/084599CA 02265046 1999-02-25PCTIIB97I01068In such a composition. the ratio ofthe electrolyte to the benzoic acid or aderivative thereofis suitably in the range from 0.5 : l to 5 1 1 w/w, preferably from1.5: l to3 : l w/w.Benzoic acid or a derivative thereofis particularly effective as amedicament for animals such as poultry, pigs or cattle, especially pigs.The present invention is further illustrated with reference to the followingExamples:EXAMPLE 1:The following feed compositions (shown in Table 2 below) in which all theamounts shown in % by weight were fed to pigs.TABLE 2Composition Control 1 Control II Example 1Meat meal (58% Crude protein) 3.20 3.20 3.20Molasses 5.()0 5.00 5.00Wheat 5.90 5.90 5.90Soybean meal (45% Crude protein) 1.5.] 15.1 15.1Tapioca (66% starch) 38.5 36.5 35.5Wheat middlings l5 15 15Animal fat 3.3 _. 3.3 3.3Limestone 0.7 0.74 0.74Lysine hydrochloride (98%) 0.06 0.06 0.06Vitamin premix 0.5 0.5 0.5Trace minerals 05 0.5 0.5Sunflower meal l2.2 12.2 12.2Ammonium chloride - 2 2Ammonium benzoate - - lThe pH of the urine ofthe pigs fed on these diets for two days wasmonitored over various durations and found to be as follows (see Table 3 below):2.}CA 02265046 1999-02-25WO 98/08499 PCTIIB97/01068TABLE 3Duration Control I - pH Control I] - pH Example 2 - pHAfter 0 Days* 8. I5 5.22 4.68Afier7days 8.30 8.57 5.01Afier 10 days 8.30 8.60 6.9215"fFirst excretion by the pigs after the two day feeding stage.From these results it is abundantly clear that the use of the additives of thepresent invention gives rise to excrements ofhighly acidic and stable pH values andconsequently gives rise to little or no ammonia emissions.EXAMPLE 2:In a further comparative test. a number of pigs were fed with a standardfeed as shown below in Table 4. This was repeated in Example 2 except that0.7% wt. ofthe wheat niiddlings in the standard feed was replaced with benzoicacid. The results are shown in Table 5 below:TABLE 4Composition WEE]! %Barley 36.15Wheat 30Peas 3.5Rape seed oil meal 3Soyabean oil meal (Brazilian) 17Wheat middlinus 2.5*Animal fat 1.9Limestone 0.61Lysine hydrochloride (‘)8"o) 0.18Vitamin premix lMolasses 3.4Methionine 0.1 lMono-calcium phosphate 0.4Salt 0.25CA 02265046 1999-02-25WO 98/08499 PCT/[B97/01068'I‘A BLE 5Variables Example 2* Comparative TestNo. ofpigs fed 33 33Starting wt. per pig (Kg) 23.8 23.0Final wt. per pig (Kg) 40 40.3Growth per pig per day (g) 577 588Feed conversion L9] 2.1 1Feed intake (Kg) I . I04 l.2391520*O.7% wt oftlte wheat middlings in the standard fee replaced by benzoic acid.The above results show that pigs fed with a diet comprising benzoic acidhave a much lower feed conversion (calculated as a ratio of feed intake overgrowth per pig per day) than those fed on a diet free of such benzoic acid. Thissignifies that the feed to the pigs is being used more efficiently.Example 3:The effect of the experimental teed containing benzoic acid on theperformance ofthe pigs was compared with the control feed which did not containany benzoic acid. A pig room with six pens was used for this example during threeperiods. ln three pens pigs were fed with the control feed, and in the other threepens pigs were fed with the experimental feed. The feed compositions are shownin the Table 6 and the performance results are shown in Table 7 below. It, can beseen from Table 7 that the pigs fed on the experimental feed had a significant lowerfeed conversion ratio. This is probably due to the lower pH in the intestine whichperhaps improves digestibility.CA 02265046 1999-02-25WO 98108499 PCT/[B97/01068TABLE 6Raw materials (%) and the calculated chemical composition of the feed jg/kg)5Components Starting Feed Finishin FeedExperimental Control Experimental ControlRye 5.0 5.0 15.0 15.0Barley 30.0 30.0 15.0 15.0Wheat 27.8 27.2 25.0 24.2Peas 3.5 3.5 14.5 13.0Maize gluten feed — - 7.1 6.5Rape seed middlings 3.0 3.0 2.3 2.5Soya meal 15.2 14.0 6.5 7.3Wheat middlings 2.8 4.4 5.0 5.0Cane sugar molasses 5.0 5.0 3.2 6.0Animal meal 13 2.0 - -Animal fat 1 90 1.83 2.20 2.21Mixture ofmethionine and 0 55 0.56 0.35 0.36cystine (Mervit®)Threonine (Mervit®) 0.26 0.29 0.29 0.30Liquid Lysine 0.76 0.78 0.56 0.57Calprona P®* 1.0 0.70 0.6 -Monocalcium phosphate 0.33 0.22 - 0.02Sodium chloride 0.22 0.21 0.25 0.24Vitamin/Mineral pre-mix 0.50 0.50 - -(Men/it®) for starting teedVitamin/Mineral pre-mix - - 0.50 0.50(Mervit®) for finishing feedPhytase enzyme (Men/it®) 0.20 0.24 0.21 0.20Limestone - 0.55 - 1.131 Benzoic acid 0.7 - 1.4 -*-II is a blend of Ca (25%) and :1 mi.\'turc of czirboxylic acids (75%) - the acids and their amountsin the mixture being formic (30"u). acetic (30%) propionic (30%) and citric (10%).(1,,.. . ., ._.... , 23...... ..e_..-.............._.,...._..M,CA 02265046 1999-02-25WO 98108499510Calculated Chemical CompositionPCTIIB97/01068Components Starting Feed Finishing FeedExperimental Control Experimental ControlEnergy Value# 1.08 1.08 1.07 1.07Water 131 132 130 134Digestible lysine 8.4 8.4 7.0 7.0Digestible methionine and 5.2 5.2 4.5 4.5cystineStarch 380 380 400 388Calcium 7.3 7.3 6.3 6.3Phosphorus 4. 8 4.8 4.1 4.1Digestible phosphorus 2.‘) 2.9 2.1 2.1Sodium .2 1.2 1.3 1.4Potassium 0.0 9.0 8.3 9.1Chlorine ».2 3. 3.0 3.4Contents per kgCrude Protein 109 170 150 150Crude fat ‘:9 40 41 41Crude fibre 3‘) 40 40 39Ash S0 53 44 53# - Unit Energy value = 8.8 M] not available cnerg_v for pigs for production and maintenanceCA 02265046 1999-02-25WO 98/08499PCTIIB97/01068TABLE 7|’er1'or|nzuu'e of Experimental PigsControl ExperimentalFeed FeedNumber of pigs 99 991nitia1 live weight (kg) 26.2 26.29Final live weight (kg) 107.4 108.2Growth rate (g/day) 723 738Feed intake (kg/day) 1.97 1.95Feed conversion rate 2.72 2.64Meat percentage 56.1 56.3Culled pigs 5 25I0152025

Claims

Claims:
1. A composition comprising benzoic acid or a derivative of benzoic acid capable of giving rise to free benzoic acid in vivo for use as a medicament for animals.
2. A composition according to Claim 1 wherein benzoic acid or a derivative thereof capable of giving rise to benzoic acid in vivo is administered to the animals as a component of an animal feed composition.
3 . A composition according to Claim 1 wherein benzoic acid and derivatives thereof are administered to the animals as a component of the drinking water fed to the animals.
4. A composition according to any one of the preceding Claims wherein derivatives of benzoic acid which can give rise to benzoic acid in vivo are salts of benzoic acid selected from the alkali metal benzoates, alkaline earth metal benzoates and ammonium benzoate.
5. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the amount of benzoic acid or a derivative thereof administered to the animal is such that it is sufficient to act as a buzzed.
6. A composition according to any one of the preceding Claims wherein the amount of benzoic acid or a derivative thereof is limited to a maximum of about 10% based on the total animal feed composition.
7. A composition according to any one of the preceding Claims wherein the amount of benzoic acid or a derivative thereof administered to the animal is in the range from 0.001 - 5% based on the total weight of each feed fed to the animal.
8. A composition according to any one of the preceding Claims wherein the benzoic acid or a derivative thereof is administered to the animal in combination with one or more of the following ingredients present in an animal feed composition (diet): calcium carbonates; electrolytes including inter alia ammonium chloride; proteins including inter alia soya bean meal, wheat, starch, sunflower meal, corn, meat and bone meal; amino acids; animal fat; vitamins; andtrace minerals.
9. A composition according to Claim 8 wherein the ratio of the electrolyte to the benzoic acid or a derivative thereof in the animal feed composition is in the range from 0.5: 1 to 5:1 w/w.
10. A formulation for an animal feed composition as shown in the Table below in which all the amounts shown in % by weight:

1 1. A an animal feed composition comprising benzoic acid or a derivative thereof whenever administered as a medicament for animals selected from poultry pigs and cattle.
12. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims wherein benzoic acid is used in a pig feed formulation comprising the components shown in Tables 4 and 8 below:

*0 7% wt of the wheat middlings in the standard fee replaced by benzoic acid.