CA2260614A1 - Mobile unit for the production of plant oil, bio-degradable lubricants and renewable fuel - Google Patents
Mobile unit for the production of plant oil, bio-degradable lubricants and renewable fuel Download PDFInfo
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- CA2260614A1 CA2260614A1 CA 2260614 CA2260614A CA2260614A1 CA 2260614 A1 CA2260614 A1 CA 2260614A1 CA 2260614 CA2260614 CA 2260614 CA 2260614 A CA2260614 A CA 2260614A CA 2260614 A1 CA2260614 A1 CA 2260614A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60P—VEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY, OR TO COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECTS
- B60P3/00—Vehicles adapted to transport, to carry or to comprise special loads or objects
- B60P3/14—Vehicles adapted to transport, to carry or to comprise special loads or objects the object being a workshop for servicing, for maintenance, or for carrying workmen during work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
- B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
- B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
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Abstract
The invention concerns a compact, mobile production apparatus, with wich one can produce in a very efficient way plant oils, feeds, biologically degradable lubricants, renewable fuels for conventional diesel engines and multi-fuel engines, electrical current and warmth, starting from oil-seeds.
Description
MOBILE UNIT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PLANT OIL, BIO-DEGRADABLE LUBRICANTS AND RENEWABLE FUEL
Inventor: Dr. Ulrich C. Knopf, Freiburg, Switzerland Assignees: K-MIDT Ltd. Liab. Co. and Dr. Ulrich C.
Knopf, Freiburg, Switzerland Abstract The invention concerns a compact, mobile production apparatus, with with one can produce in a very efficient way plant oils, feeds, biologically degradable lubricants, renewable fuels for conventional diesel engines and multi-fuel engines, electrical current and warmth, starting from oil seeds.
Backctround of the invention Plant oils made from oil-seeds are used for quite some time in the nutrition of animals and humans, that is for the production of human nutrients and animal feeds. With this purpose in Switzerland actually the oil-seeds are transformed in large industrial plants. The oil products and the cake are essentially used for consumption and production of feeds .
For some time efforts have been made to use plant oils also for technical purposes, i.e. the production of renewable, biologically degradable substitutes of petroleum, especially as a base for lubricants and fuels (called bio-, eco-, or "Natur"-Diesel).
As to the lubricants made with plant oils, the plant oils with additives are suited especially for the loss-lubricants, these are lubricants of which inevitably a part goes to the environment (for example when lubricating chain saws, railway-shunts, cable-railways, etc). This because the lubricants on plant oil basis can be relatively quickly degraded and thus do not pollute the air, the water, and the soil.
Inventor: Dr. Ulrich C. Knopf, Freiburg, Switzerland Assignees: K-MIDT Ltd. Liab. Co. and Dr. Ulrich C.
Knopf, Freiburg, Switzerland Abstract The invention concerns a compact, mobile production apparatus, with with one can produce in a very efficient way plant oils, feeds, biologically degradable lubricants, renewable fuels for conventional diesel engines and multi-fuel engines, electrical current and warmth, starting from oil seeds.
Backctround of the invention Plant oils made from oil-seeds are used for quite some time in the nutrition of animals and humans, that is for the production of human nutrients and animal feeds. With this purpose in Switzerland actually the oil-seeds are transformed in large industrial plants. The oil products and the cake are essentially used for consumption and production of feeds .
For some time efforts have been made to use plant oils also for technical purposes, i.e. the production of renewable, biologically degradable substitutes of petroleum, especially as a base for lubricants and fuels (called bio-, eco-, or "Natur"-Diesel).
As to the lubricants made with plant oils, the plant oils with additives are suited especially for the loss-lubricants, these are lubricants of which inevitably a part goes to the environment (for example when lubricating chain saws, railway-shunts, cable-railways, etc). This because the lubricants on plant oil basis can be relatively quickly degraded and thus do not pollute the air, the water, and the soil.
Concerning the fuels on the -basis of plant oils, it is possible, on one hand, to burn plant oils purified to a certain degree in so called multi-fuel engines, thus using them as a fuel. On the other hand plant oils can be adapted, by mixing them with fractions of mineral oil, and /or alcohols/alcohol-derivatives, or by esterification with alcohols, so that it becomes possible to use them in conventional diesel engines.
The big advantage of fuels on the basis of plant oil is, that they are renewable and thus have less impact on the environment (no, or few sulfur in the exhaust gazes, reduced green-house effect, etc.).
Aswell as for the production of lubricants, as for the production of fuels a different quality of plant oil is required than if they are used for the production of nutrients or feeds. If, for example the oil is used for consumption, the odour and the colour are important criteria for quality; they are less, or not important if the oil is used for the production of lubricants, or as fuel. On the other hand, if one uses plant oil as a substitute for mineral oil, the bio-degradability and the combustion properties are important, while they are less important if the oil is used for consumption, or feed production.
So, the requirements for quality are decisive in the choice of the production procedure and this again influences in an essential manner the production cost. The goal of the production of substitutes of mineral oil has to be a specific quality according to the technical purpose and this again has to be achieved with a minimal energy- and financial-input.
This can be done with an appropriate technology on one hand; on the other hand, a new production concept can contribute also to a large extent to reach these goals . The production concept must aim to reduce the handling, the transportation-distances and the storage-cost of the oil-seeds on one hand and of the products made therefrom on the other.
The big advantage of fuels on the basis of plant oil is, that they are renewable and thus have less impact on the environment (no, or few sulfur in the exhaust gazes, reduced green-house effect, etc.).
Aswell as for the production of lubricants, as for the production of fuels a different quality of plant oil is required than if they are used for the production of nutrients or feeds. If, for example the oil is used for consumption, the odour and the colour are important criteria for quality; they are less, or not important if the oil is used for the production of lubricants, or as fuel. On the other hand, if one uses plant oil as a substitute for mineral oil, the bio-degradability and the combustion properties are important, while they are less important if the oil is used for consumption, or feed production.
So, the requirements for quality are decisive in the choice of the production procedure and this again influences in an essential manner the production cost. The goal of the production of substitutes of mineral oil has to be a specific quality according to the technical purpose and this again has to be achieved with a minimal energy- and financial-input.
This can be done with an appropriate technology on one hand; on the other hand, a new production concept can contribute also to a large extent to reach these goals . The production concept must aim to reduce the handling, the transportation-distances and the storage-cost of the oil-seeds on one hand and of the products made therefrom on the other.
So, our invention consists of a compact, fully automatic production apparatus, which, because it can be moved, allows to transform oil-seeds into oil for technical purposes such as fuels, lubricants and feeds and this in a decentralized and thus energy saving manner, close to several production centers.
In Switzerland today, the installations for the production of refined plant oils, are large industrial plants. Their transformation capacity is between 10'000 - 20'000 tons of oil-seeds a year. The transformation in these large industrial plants is achieved in different steps: The oil-seeds are delivered by farmers to reception centers, where they are cleaned and dryed using mineral oil, followed by storage or transportation over long distances to an industrial plant. Here, the oil-seeds are milled, followed by heating to about 100C and pressing in an screw-press. The remaining oil in the cake, or in the seeds is extracted. For this, the seeds or the cake are washed for a certain time with a solvent (hexan).
The oil so obtained is crude oil. The oil free cake is dryed and the vaporized hexan can be reused as a solvent. The crude oil is purified thereafter. The procedure of purification consists of different steps. By adding sodium hydroxide, the free fatty acids become neutralized and the slime components are remouved. Thereafter the neutralized oil is washed with water until it is free of soap. Thereafter the neutralized oil is treated with white-earth in order to absorb undesired colorants. The white-earth is separated from the oil by filtration. It follows the "winterisation" in which the white- earth treated oil is deep frozen and refiltered. In this way undesired waxes can be separated from the oil. Finally, the "winterised" oil is being desodourated. For this purpose, the oil becomes heated up to 200C. By introducing hot vapour, undesired odours and tastes can be remouved. The plant oil so purified can be stored, or transported to the consumers. The cake too, must be transported to the feed producing plants and to the farmers.
The description makes it obvious that this centralized transformation of oil-seeds implies long transportation distances for thousands of tons of oil-seeds, important handling, large storage capacities and a large energy input.
This energy input can be reduced using our invention.
The purpose of the invention is to save energy for transports, handling and storage of the oil-seeds, on one hand, since the transformation unit can be transported on the road, or the rail, thus brought as closely as possible to the production centers for oil-seeds and not vice-versa as before. On the other hand, even with a small production apparatus a high product-quality (purified oil, lubricants, fuels) must be obtained. This goal can only be achieved, if an apparatus and a procedure are available, which allow the transformation of oil-seeds at a low price and on a small space. Furthermore the apparatus and the production procedure must allow up-grading the purified plant oil to lubricants and fuels.
According to our invention the installation for the transformation of oil-seeds will be essentially placed into a realtively small (exterior dimensions approx. 7000 mm length, 2500 mm width and 2500 mm height), light (approx. 2500 kg), weather-proof, stable container 1. The materials of the container have to be choosen so that the floor is as stable as possible and has a high punctual load capacity, while the walls and the roof must be particularly light, so that the limited load capacity on the street and for the mobility can be used essentially for the transformation machinery.
For this purpose, the floor ist made of a steel profile on which preferably a tub consisting of several layers of wood and aluminium is mounted or soldered. This type of construction allows a high punctual load capacity. The walls 3, the roof 4 and the door 7 of the apparatus are made of a light construction, for example of ferro-plastic elements.
Ferro-plastic elements are surface foamed sandwich constructions, consisting of galvanized, vapour 5 diffusion sealed steel pannels with an insulating polyurethan hard foam nucleus. These pannels guarantee, also at a small thikness (for example 25 mm) a good stability. In addition they offer an excellent thermic aswell as phonic insulation.
In the roof 4 the seed-funnel 5 is mounted which can be filled from the out-side and has a weather proof cover which can be opened and closed. Only in this way it is possible to position in an optimal wax the funnel, also from an energy saving point of view, above the presse 21 and the tube 22. In the roof 4 another cover which can be opened and closed has to be placed, which allows to install and remouve the relatively long, rigid filtration elements into the relatively high filtration device 30.
The apparatus sits in the working position on four retractable legs 13. These are preferably 1 m 30 cm long, so that the floor of the container is positioned equally about 1 m 30 cm above the ground.
This elevated construction has the big advantage that the cases for the collection of the refined oil aswell as the devices (containers, cases, palloxes, big-bags) for the collection of the cake or transportation devices (conveying equipment, aspiration tubes, winding shafts) can be put below the production apparatus, so that the products can be collected, protected from the weather, using only natural gravity. For transportation and deplacement of the apparatus this construction has the advantage that the apparatus can be put without inclination or additional means (hoist) on a truck, a trailer, or rail road wagon.
Access to the container can be done, by one of three doors 7 which one reaches by the stairs 14 or ladders. In order that the apparatus can be built as compact as possible and for an energy saving production, an appropriate production procedure is needed:
In the apparatus the oil-seeds 19 become already warmed-up in the seed funnel 5. This is possible , because the funnel which is made of heat conducting material is installed in the container ceiling and the seeds become warmed-up by the heat produced by the machinery. The funnel is constructed so, that the side-walls have a relatively small inclination, in order to make the oil-seeds flow as closely and as slowely as possible near the heat-conducting walls, in order to allow the heat transmission. Thus the funnel gets the shape and the function of a heat storage and transmitting device.
From the funnel 5 the seeds 19 arrive into a flow-through-heat-dryer 16. The flow-through-heat-dryer is essentially a case, with grids on two of its sides, through which the air, but not the seeds can penetrate. While the seeds traverse it from the top to the bottom, warm air is aspirated or pressed by means of a fan through the grids and across the seeds, before it is evacuated to the outside. The heat in the air corresponds only to the heat out-put of the production machinery, produced on one hand by friction during pressing and on the other by the motors, compressor and other production devices inside the apparatus. With the flow-through-heat -drying process one is able to extract undesirable humidity of the seeds on one hand; on the other hand one warms-up the oil seeds and this improves considerably the oil extraction result of the pressing procedure. At the same time the flow-through-heat-dryer allows the air renewal in the production apparatus by evacuation of the warm air from the in- to the out-side.
After the flow-through-heat-dryer, the dryed and heated seeds go into a screw-press 21 in which the oil is pressed out from the seeds. The press 21 is positioned directly underneath the flow-through -heat-dryer 16 and above the tank 22, so that the pressed, still warm crude oil including some solid parts, flow by gravity, directly in the tank 22.
The cake remaining after pressing goes into the counter-flow-cooler 25. Cooling of the cake is necessary in order to guarantee its storage-ability.
The cake which has been heated by friction in the press to over 50C is collected in a transportation device at the outlet of the press 24 and is transported to one side, while, by using a fan 17, cooler air from the inside of the production apparatus is blown in the opposite direction. Doing this, the air in the transporting channel becomes warmer with increasing transportation distance, while the cake becomes cooler. The warmed-up air can be collected at the outlet of the transporting channel and introduced into the flow-through-heat-dryer, or is evacuated. After cooling/drying, the cake falls through a opening 26 in the floor in a container 27, or in a bag, which is installed underneath the production apparatus.
In the tank 22 the oil, according to its use and its degree of purification, can be mixed already with additives (chemical substances). Using a mixing device (mixer or others) the impurities i.e. solid particles in the crude oil can be suspended uniformely. This allows to maintain the crude oil mixture in a homogenous suspension and to aspirate it with a pump 25 through a tube 29 to the filtration unit 30, containing several filtration elements. The filtration elements will be built so, that filters with a larger pore-size are put in serie with filters with smaller pore sizes. In addition, the size of the filter-pores must be choosen so that the impurities of the crude oil can be collected on the outside filter and so produces itself a fine filtration effect.
In Switzerland today, the installations for the production of refined plant oils, are large industrial plants. Their transformation capacity is between 10'000 - 20'000 tons of oil-seeds a year. The transformation in these large industrial plants is achieved in different steps: The oil-seeds are delivered by farmers to reception centers, where they are cleaned and dryed using mineral oil, followed by storage or transportation over long distances to an industrial plant. Here, the oil-seeds are milled, followed by heating to about 100C and pressing in an screw-press. The remaining oil in the cake, or in the seeds is extracted. For this, the seeds or the cake are washed for a certain time with a solvent (hexan).
The oil so obtained is crude oil. The oil free cake is dryed and the vaporized hexan can be reused as a solvent. The crude oil is purified thereafter. The procedure of purification consists of different steps. By adding sodium hydroxide, the free fatty acids become neutralized and the slime components are remouved. Thereafter the neutralized oil is washed with water until it is free of soap. Thereafter the neutralized oil is treated with white-earth in order to absorb undesired colorants. The white-earth is separated from the oil by filtration. It follows the "winterisation" in which the white- earth treated oil is deep frozen and refiltered. In this way undesired waxes can be separated from the oil. Finally, the "winterised" oil is being desodourated. For this purpose, the oil becomes heated up to 200C. By introducing hot vapour, undesired odours and tastes can be remouved. The plant oil so purified can be stored, or transported to the consumers. The cake too, must be transported to the feed producing plants and to the farmers.
The description makes it obvious that this centralized transformation of oil-seeds implies long transportation distances for thousands of tons of oil-seeds, important handling, large storage capacities and a large energy input.
This energy input can be reduced using our invention.
The purpose of the invention is to save energy for transports, handling and storage of the oil-seeds, on one hand, since the transformation unit can be transported on the road, or the rail, thus brought as closely as possible to the production centers for oil-seeds and not vice-versa as before. On the other hand, even with a small production apparatus a high product-quality (purified oil, lubricants, fuels) must be obtained. This goal can only be achieved, if an apparatus and a procedure are available, which allow the transformation of oil-seeds at a low price and on a small space. Furthermore the apparatus and the production procedure must allow up-grading the purified plant oil to lubricants and fuels.
According to our invention the installation for the transformation of oil-seeds will be essentially placed into a realtively small (exterior dimensions approx. 7000 mm length, 2500 mm width and 2500 mm height), light (approx. 2500 kg), weather-proof, stable container 1. The materials of the container have to be choosen so that the floor is as stable as possible and has a high punctual load capacity, while the walls and the roof must be particularly light, so that the limited load capacity on the street and for the mobility can be used essentially for the transformation machinery.
For this purpose, the floor ist made of a steel profile on which preferably a tub consisting of several layers of wood and aluminium is mounted or soldered. This type of construction allows a high punctual load capacity. The walls 3, the roof 4 and the door 7 of the apparatus are made of a light construction, for example of ferro-plastic elements.
Ferro-plastic elements are surface foamed sandwich constructions, consisting of galvanized, vapour 5 diffusion sealed steel pannels with an insulating polyurethan hard foam nucleus. These pannels guarantee, also at a small thikness (for example 25 mm) a good stability. In addition they offer an excellent thermic aswell as phonic insulation.
In the roof 4 the seed-funnel 5 is mounted which can be filled from the out-side and has a weather proof cover which can be opened and closed. Only in this way it is possible to position in an optimal wax the funnel, also from an energy saving point of view, above the presse 21 and the tube 22. In the roof 4 another cover which can be opened and closed has to be placed, which allows to install and remouve the relatively long, rigid filtration elements into the relatively high filtration device 30.
The apparatus sits in the working position on four retractable legs 13. These are preferably 1 m 30 cm long, so that the floor of the container is positioned equally about 1 m 30 cm above the ground.
This elevated construction has the big advantage that the cases for the collection of the refined oil aswell as the devices (containers, cases, palloxes, big-bags) for the collection of the cake or transportation devices (conveying equipment, aspiration tubes, winding shafts) can be put below the production apparatus, so that the products can be collected, protected from the weather, using only natural gravity. For transportation and deplacement of the apparatus this construction has the advantage that the apparatus can be put without inclination or additional means (hoist) on a truck, a trailer, or rail road wagon.
Access to the container can be done, by one of three doors 7 which one reaches by the stairs 14 or ladders. In order that the apparatus can be built as compact as possible and for an energy saving production, an appropriate production procedure is needed:
In the apparatus the oil-seeds 19 become already warmed-up in the seed funnel 5. This is possible , because the funnel which is made of heat conducting material is installed in the container ceiling and the seeds become warmed-up by the heat produced by the machinery. The funnel is constructed so, that the side-walls have a relatively small inclination, in order to make the oil-seeds flow as closely and as slowely as possible near the heat-conducting walls, in order to allow the heat transmission. Thus the funnel gets the shape and the function of a heat storage and transmitting device.
From the funnel 5 the seeds 19 arrive into a flow-through-heat-dryer 16. The flow-through-heat-dryer is essentially a case, with grids on two of its sides, through which the air, but not the seeds can penetrate. While the seeds traverse it from the top to the bottom, warm air is aspirated or pressed by means of a fan through the grids and across the seeds, before it is evacuated to the outside. The heat in the air corresponds only to the heat out-put of the production machinery, produced on one hand by friction during pressing and on the other by the motors, compressor and other production devices inside the apparatus. With the flow-through-heat -drying process one is able to extract undesirable humidity of the seeds on one hand; on the other hand one warms-up the oil seeds and this improves considerably the oil extraction result of the pressing procedure. At the same time the flow-through-heat-dryer allows the air renewal in the production apparatus by evacuation of the warm air from the in- to the out-side.
After the flow-through-heat-dryer, the dryed and heated seeds go into a screw-press 21 in which the oil is pressed out from the seeds. The press 21 is positioned directly underneath the flow-through -heat-dryer 16 and above the tank 22, so that the pressed, still warm crude oil including some solid parts, flow by gravity, directly in the tank 22.
The cake remaining after pressing goes into the counter-flow-cooler 25. Cooling of the cake is necessary in order to guarantee its storage-ability.
The cake which has been heated by friction in the press to over 50C is collected in a transportation device at the outlet of the press 24 and is transported to one side, while, by using a fan 17, cooler air from the inside of the production apparatus is blown in the opposite direction. Doing this, the air in the transporting channel becomes warmer with increasing transportation distance, while the cake becomes cooler. The warmed-up air can be collected at the outlet of the transporting channel and introduced into the flow-through-heat-dryer, or is evacuated. After cooling/drying, the cake falls through a opening 26 in the floor in a container 27, or in a bag, which is installed underneath the production apparatus.
In the tank 22 the oil, according to its use and its degree of purification, can be mixed already with additives (chemical substances). Using a mixing device (mixer or others) the impurities i.e. solid particles in the crude oil can be suspended uniformely. This allows to maintain the crude oil mixture in a homogenous suspension and to aspirate it with a pump 25 through a tube 29 to the filtration unit 30, containing several filtration elements. The filtration elements will be built so, that filters with a larger pore-size are put in serie with filters with smaller pore sizes. In addition, the size of the filter-pores must be choosen so that the impurities of the crude oil can be collected on the outside filter and so produces itself a fine filtration effect.
Since, by using this procedure the filters accumulate on their surface more and more solid material, they must be constructed so that one can blow compressed air from the container 32 in the tube 43 through the filters. This, for drying the solid parts (so called cake) collected on the filters. This drying procedure, allows to separate the solid parts relatively easy (for example by shaking) from the filters and to evacuate them through a hole 40 in the floor to a case. This set-up allows to automatize the entire procedure. By filtration of a homogenous oil suspension it is possible at regular intervalls to either filtrate, dry or shake, so that the whole drying procedure can be electronically controlled, automatized and thus made continuous.
The purified oil (pure oil) can be directly evacuated through an opening 34 in the floor of the apparatus and filled in a container 35 positioned underneath it, conducted in the tube 36 which leads to the tank 22 for the production of lubricants and fuels, or conducted in the tube 37 which goes directly to a multi-fuel engine/generator 38 for the production of heat, power/electricity. With the electric current so produced, one is able to power the apparatus. Also the introduction of the current into the electric mains is possible. The heat produced by the multi-fuel engine can be used in the flow-through heat-heat-dryer on one hand, or on the other, outside the apparatus after evacuation. In this way the apparatus becomes a compact bio-energy production plant.
The apparatus is constructed so, that the pure oil produced with it, can be up-graded to lubricants and fuels for conventional Diesel engines using a mixing device 23. The up-grading-of pure oil to lubricants necessitates the addition of chemicals, which must be added to the pure (more or less warm) plant oil.
It is also well known for quite some time, that a mixture of plant oil and alcohols resp. derivatives of alcohol and a fraction of mineral oil are suited as fuel in conventional diesel engines. These mixtures can be produced with the apparatus according to this invention in the tank 22.
Description of the preferred apparatus An apparatus according to this invention has the exterior dimensions of about 7000 mm long, 2500 mm large and 2500 mm high. In its working position it is placed on four legs, 1300 mm above the ground. It can transform about 4800 kg of seeds a day, corresponding to a production of 1600 kg of pure oil and 3200 kg of cake (feed). The theoretical transformation capacity of the device is therefore 1' 600 tons of oil-seeds a year. The transportation-weight is about 9 tons and in the working position the weight is about 14 tons.
The pure oil can be used in the device according to this invention as a fuel for multi-fuel engines and/or transformed with additives to lubricants and/or alcohols and fractions of mineral oil to fuel for conventional diesel engines. This device can be transported very easily on the road, or on the rail by respecting the current norms, prescriptions and laws.
An apparatus according to this invention is shown in the following figures, without hat the invention should be restricted by the figure in any way.
Description of the drawincrs Fig. 1 shows an apparatus according to this invention in the working position, that is on legs (13) in perspective. It consists essentially of a weather proof container 1 with exterior dimensions of ca.
7000 mm (length), 2500 mm {width) and 2500 mm (heigth). The floor 2 is constructed so that it is as stable as possible and has a high punctual load-capacity, while the walls 3 and the ceiling 4 are constructed as lightly as possible, but with a very good thermic and phonic isolation. Through the ceiling 4 one installs the seed-funnel 5 which can be filled from the out-side and which can be closed by a weather-proof cover 6. The access to the apparatus, for the maintainance and the operation is guaranteed by 2 - 3 doors 7. The doors can be reached by mobile 5 stairs 14. Below the apparatus, protected from the weather, one is able to put one, or several cases (8, 9) for collecting the cake and the pure oil. 10 shows the exit for the warm air, which can be used for heating and drying purposes. 11 is an opening, 10 which allows to install and to change the rigid filtration elements standing on top i.e. on the exterior of the apparatus. 25 shows the ladder, necessary to go on top of the apparatus, in order to do work near the openings.
Fig. 2 shows the apparatus according to the invention under which one has installed - for the transport on the road - a device with four wheels. The covers for the seed-funnel 6 and for changing the filtration elements 11, aswell as the doors 7 are closed. The legs 13 needed in the working position are retracted.
Fig. 3 shows a cross-section through the apparatus. 5 shows the seed funnel, installed in the ceiling 4 of the apparatus from which the seeds 19 go directly to the flow-through-heat-dryer 16. The air is aspired with the fan 17 from the grid 18, through the seeds 19 and thereafter evacuated from the apparatus. The seeds, dryed and warmed-up in the flow-through-heat-dryer, go into the screw-press 21. The pressed oil flows in the tank 22, while the cake falls into the counter-flow-cooler 25. Having passed the counter-flow-cooler, the cake falls through an opening 26 in the floor, to the exterior into a container 27 put underneath the apparatus. The crude oil is transported by means of a pump 28 through the tube 29 into the filtration device 30. The necessary air for drying the cake accumulated in the filtration unit is compressed with the compressor 31, stored in the tank 32 or conducted in the tube 43 to the filtration device 30. The pure oil is evacuated in the tube 33 and through a opening 34 in the floor before collection in a container 35 below the production apparatus, or conducted by means of the tube 36 to the tank 22 for up-grading; finally in the tube 37 the oil can be conducted directly to a multi-fuel engine 38. The entire production apparatus has an electronic control system 39, so that it can be operated automatically. 40 shows the opening through which the cake is evacuated to the outside. 41 is the opening which allows the compressor to aspire fresh air. 42 is the outlet of (warm) air from the compressor.
The purified oil (pure oil) can be directly evacuated through an opening 34 in the floor of the apparatus and filled in a container 35 positioned underneath it, conducted in the tube 36 which leads to the tank 22 for the production of lubricants and fuels, or conducted in the tube 37 which goes directly to a multi-fuel engine/generator 38 for the production of heat, power/electricity. With the electric current so produced, one is able to power the apparatus. Also the introduction of the current into the electric mains is possible. The heat produced by the multi-fuel engine can be used in the flow-through heat-heat-dryer on one hand, or on the other, outside the apparatus after evacuation. In this way the apparatus becomes a compact bio-energy production plant.
The apparatus is constructed so, that the pure oil produced with it, can be up-graded to lubricants and fuels for conventional Diesel engines using a mixing device 23. The up-grading-of pure oil to lubricants necessitates the addition of chemicals, which must be added to the pure (more or less warm) plant oil.
It is also well known for quite some time, that a mixture of plant oil and alcohols resp. derivatives of alcohol and a fraction of mineral oil are suited as fuel in conventional diesel engines. These mixtures can be produced with the apparatus according to this invention in the tank 22.
Description of the preferred apparatus An apparatus according to this invention has the exterior dimensions of about 7000 mm long, 2500 mm large and 2500 mm high. In its working position it is placed on four legs, 1300 mm above the ground. It can transform about 4800 kg of seeds a day, corresponding to a production of 1600 kg of pure oil and 3200 kg of cake (feed). The theoretical transformation capacity of the device is therefore 1' 600 tons of oil-seeds a year. The transportation-weight is about 9 tons and in the working position the weight is about 14 tons.
The pure oil can be used in the device according to this invention as a fuel for multi-fuel engines and/or transformed with additives to lubricants and/or alcohols and fractions of mineral oil to fuel for conventional diesel engines. This device can be transported very easily on the road, or on the rail by respecting the current norms, prescriptions and laws.
An apparatus according to this invention is shown in the following figures, without hat the invention should be restricted by the figure in any way.
Description of the drawincrs Fig. 1 shows an apparatus according to this invention in the working position, that is on legs (13) in perspective. It consists essentially of a weather proof container 1 with exterior dimensions of ca.
7000 mm (length), 2500 mm {width) and 2500 mm (heigth). The floor 2 is constructed so that it is as stable as possible and has a high punctual load-capacity, while the walls 3 and the ceiling 4 are constructed as lightly as possible, but with a very good thermic and phonic isolation. Through the ceiling 4 one installs the seed-funnel 5 which can be filled from the out-side and which can be closed by a weather-proof cover 6. The access to the apparatus, for the maintainance and the operation is guaranteed by 2 - 3 doors 7. The doors can be reached by mobile 5 stairs 14. Below the apparatus, protected from the weather, one is able to put one, or several cases (8, 9) for collecting the cake and the pure oil. 10 shows the exit for the warm air, which can be used for heating and drying purposes. 11 is an opening, 10 which allows to install and to change the rigid filtration elements standing on top i.e. on the exterior of the apparatus. 25 shows the ladder, necessary to go on top of the apparatus, in order to do work near the openings.
Fig. 2 shows the apparatus according to the invention under which one has installed - for the transport on the road - a device with four wheels. The covers for the seed-funnel 6 and for changing the filtration elements 11, aswell as the doors 7 are closed. The legs 13 needed in the working position are retracted.
Fig. 3 shows a cross-section through the apparatus. 5 shows the seed funnel, installed in the ceiling 4 of the apparatus from which the seeds 19 go directly to the flow-through-heat-dryer 16. The air is aspired with the fan 17 from the grid 18, through the seeds 19 and thereafter evacuated from the apparatus. The seeds, dryed and warmed-up in the flow-through-heat-dryer, go into the screw-press 21. The pressed oil flows in the tank 22, while the cake falls into the counter-flow-cooler 25. Having passed the counter-flow-cooler, the cake falls through an opening 26 in the floor, to the exterior into a container 27 put underneath the apparatus. The crude oil is transported by means of a pump 28 through the tube 29 into the filtration device 30. The necessary air for drying the cake accumulated in the filtration unit is compressed with the compressor 31, stored in the tank 32 or conducted in the tube 43 to the filtration device 30. The pure oil is evacuated in the tube 33 and through a opening 34 in the floor before collection in a container 35 below the production apparatus, or conducted by means of the tube 36 to the tank 22 for up-grading; finally in the tube 37 the oil can be conducted directly to a multi-fuel engine 38. The entire production apparatus has an electronic control system 39, so that it can be operated automatically. 40 shows the opening through which the cake is evacuated to the outside. 41 is the opening which allows the compressor to aspire fresh air. 42 is the outlet of (warm) air from the compressor.
Claims (15)
1. Apparatus for the production of purified plant oils starting with oil-seeds, comprising at least one funnel (5) for collecting the seeds with underneath at least one screw-press (21) with underneath at least one tank (22), a filtration device (30) with a mean (28) for transporting the oil, characterized by the feature, that all this machinery is built into a compact, transportable container, which has in the ceiling (4) a hole with a cover (6) which can be opened and closed, with a funnel (5) underneath, serving for the collection of seeds and with openings (34, 26, 40) in the floor by which the oil and the cake can be evacuated to the outside.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 characterized by the feature that the container (1) stands in the working position on minimum four, vertical legs (13) so that the floor of the container is positioned according to the length of the legs at least 80 cm, at the maximum 150 cm above the ground, whereas these vertical legs can be overturned, retracted, or removed for the transport.
3. Apparatus according to claims 1 or 2 characterized by the feature that the bottom of the container is made of a welded steel profile onto which is screwed or welded a tub made of several layers of wood and aluminium pannels.
4. Apparatus according to one of the claims 1 to 3 characterized by the walls and the ceiling which are composed of elements, which consist of galvanized, vapour diffusion sealed layers of steel with a nucleus of hard polyurethan foam.
5. Apparatus according to one of the claims 1 to 4 characterized by a filtration device (30) with remouvable filter-elements, remouvable from or introduceable into the container from the outside through a hole (11) with a cover which can be opened and closed.
6. Apparatus according to one of the claims 1 to 5 characterized by the feature that it contains a compressor (31) and a air-tank (32) serving for drying and remouving filtered solid parts of the oil.
7. Apparatus according to one of the claims 1 to 6 characterized by the feature that it contains in addition means (23) for mixing fluids and suspending solid particles.
8. Apparatus according to one of the claims 1 to 7 characterized by the feature that the funnel (5) is made of a heat conducting material and that a mean (17) for the flow of warm inside-air to the outside of the funnel is provided, so that the warmth of the inside-air can be transmitted to the funnel (5).
9. Apparatus according to one of the claims 1 to 8 characterized by the existence of a device (16,17,20) for heating and drying the seeds (19) mounted between the funnel (5) and the screw press (21).
10. Apparatus according to one of the claims 1 to 9 characterized by the feature that it contains a conveying-device (24) by which the cake produced during the pressing operation is being transported and that the transportation channel is provided with a mean for cooling the cake.
11. Apparatus according to one of the claims 1 to 10 characterized by the feature that a case can be positioned below the container for the collection of dryed solid particles filtered from the oil, after they have fallen through an opening in the floor (40).
12. Apparatus according to one of the claims 1 to 11 characterized by the features that there are openings (26) in the floor, or in the walls (1) through which the solid remainings of the pressing procedure fall into a case placed beneath the container.
13. Apparatus according to one of the claims 1 to 12 characterized by the feature that it contains in addition a generator (38) driven by a combustion-engine which produces the necessary electrical energy for the transformation of the oil seeds.
14. Apparatus according to one of the claims 1 to 13 characterized by the feature that the container has dimensions, which allow its easy transport on the road and/or the rail.
15. Use of the apparatus according to claims 1 to 14 for the production of biologically degradable lubricants and renewable fuels of which the main component is plant oil recovered from oil-seeds.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2260614 CA2260614A1 (en) | 1999-01-27 | 1999-01-27 | Mobile unit for the production of plant oil, bio-degradable lubricants and renewable fuel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2260614 CA2260614A1 (en) | 1999-01-27 | 1999-01-27 | Mobile unit for the production of plant oil, bio-degradable lubricants and renewable fuel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2260614A1 true CA2260614A1 (en) | 2000-07-27 |
Family
ID=29555074
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2260614 Abandoned CA2260614A1 (en) | 1999-01-27 | 1999-01-27 | Mobile unit for the production of plant oil, bio-degradable lubricants and renewable fuel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2260614A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007033425A1 (en) * | 2005-09-23 | 2007-03-29 | Cassa Pty Ltd | Mobile recycling and bio-fuel production system for animal waste |
| EP3626083A1 (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2020-03-25 | Stylianos Tzanakakis | By road movable laboratory juicing cactus fruits and shoots by the method of hydraulic direct cold press |
| US10647077B2 (en) | 2015-02-19 | 2020-05-12 | Desmet Ballestra Engineering N.V./S.A. | Vegetable oil extraction improvement |
-
1999
- 1999-01-27 CA CA 2260614 patent/CA2260614A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007033425A1 (en) * | 2005-09-23 | 2007-03-29 | Cassa Pty Ltd | Mobile recycling and bio-fuel production system for animal waste |
| US10647077B2 (en) | 2015-02-19 | 2020-05-12 | Desmet Ballestra Engineering N.V./S.A. | Vegetable oil extraction improvement |
| DE102016001510B4 (en) | 2015-02-19 | 2022-06-09 | N.V. Desmet Ballestra Group S.A. | Apparatus and process for extracting oleaginous plant matter |
| EP3626083A1 (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2020-03-25 | Stylianos Tzanakakis | By road movable laboratory juicing cactus fruits and shoots by the method of hydraulic direct cold press |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Dead |