CA2256802A1 - Excavation apparatus for mining layers of earth - Google Patents
Excavation apparatus for mining layers of earth Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2256802A1 CA2256802A1 CA002256802A CA2256802A CA2256802A1 CA 2256802 A1 CA2256802 A1 CA 2256802A1 CA 002256802 A CA002256802 A CA 002256802A CA 2256802 A CA2256802 A CA 2256802A CA 2256802 A1 CA2256802 A1 CA 2256802A1
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- weight body
- heavy weight
- excavation apparatus
- duct
- support vehicle
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102220056353 rs730880136 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- -1 rubble Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/18—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels
- E02F3/188—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels with the axis being horizontal and transverse to the direction of travel
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/18—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C47/00—Machines for obtaining or the removal of materials in open-pit mines
- E21C47/02—Machines for obtaining or the removal of materials in open-pit mines for coal, brown coal, or the like
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)
- Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
An excavation apparatus for the excavation or mining of earthen ground including a support vehicle and a bucket wheel, wherein the support vehicle includes operating hydraulics. The excavation apparatus includes retention means which prevents the formation of or provides the retention of oversized rock slabs and/or soil or rock lumps, released by the bucket wheel.
In this context, the retention means has a heavy weight body which lies on the surface of the ground to be excavated. The body is set up at an adjustable distance (A) preceding the cutting edges of the bucket wheel in relation to the direction of movement (B) of the excavation apparatus. The heavy weight body is fitted to the support vehicle by way of a hinged jib, linked to the jib at one end is an end of each of two hydraulic cylinders. The hydraulic cylinders are connected to the operating hydraulics of the support vehicle and the respective other end of each cylinder is fitted to the support vehicle.
In this context, the retention means has a heavy weight body which lies on the surface of the ground to be excavated. The body is set up at an adjustable distance (A) preceding the cutting edges of the bucket wheel in relation to the direction of movement (B) of the excavation apparatus. The heavy weight body is fitted to the support vehicle by way of a hinged jib, linked to the jib at one end is an end of each of two hydraulic cylinders. The hydraulic cylinders are connected to the operating hydraulics of the support vehicle and the respective other end of each cylinder is fitted to the support vehicle.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application claims the priority of German Application No. 194 48 761.0 filed November 5, 1997, which is incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to an excavation apparatus for the non-explosive excavation or mining of layers of earthen material such as rubble, coal and the like, composed of a support vehicle, preferably a crawler vehicle and a bucket wheel with revolving cutting edges, the support vehicle being provided with operating hydraulics including at least one hydraulic pump and a plurality of hydraulic cylinders, the bucket wheel being optionally composed of a plurality of cutting wheels, arranged side by side, and wherein the y,: 15 excavation apparatus includes retention means which prevents the formation of or provides the retention of oversized rock slabs, or soil or rock lumps which are released by the bucket wheel.
During the excavation of earthen layers by means of bucket wheels fitted with cutting edges, the formation of relatively large sized soil or rock lumps may occur which may have dimensions of up to 60 x 100 x 150 cm. Such soil or rock lumps may result in blockage of the hydraulic system of the excavation apparatus and may cause substantial damage to the excavation apparatus.
In a known soil processing apparatus used for processing soil deposits and in which likewise there exists a risk of the formation of relatively large soil or rock lumps, means are provided which can retain partially soil material picked up by the blades.
DE 88 12 484 U1 describes a known apparatus which serves for processing forest soils, a flap is provided in the upper region of the crusher roller, fitted to the apparatus, on which upwardly flung wood debris or the like is intercepted by the impact and recycled to the operating region of the crushing roller. However, in this case it is possible that relatively large soil lumps become locked between the flap and the crushing roller which may result in substantial damage to the apparatus or to the crushing roller.
In another known apparatus for processing soils described in FR 2 607 350 Al, a combined crushing and shrub clearing apparatus which includes means for predetermining the cutting depth of the blades on the one side of the apparatus such as a level control roller and a leveling plate located on the other side of the apparatus. In this context, the positioning level of the leveling roller which is pivotal about an axis, can be adjusted incrementally. For this purpose, a template is a' provided comprising a plurality of holes. Through one of the holes a pin, which passes through the pivoting arm of the leveling roller, is inserted so that the level adjustment of the leveling roller is determined by the selection of that hole in the template into which the pin has been inserted. The leveling roller is neither intended nor suitable for the retention of soil material released by the blades.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the invention to provide an excavation apparatus having a retention device which retains those slabs which are picked up by the bucket wheel and is designed so that the formation of oversized slabs is not possible or that at least damage to the excavation apparatus by oversized rock slabs is avoided.
This object is attained in an excavation apparatus of the type referred to in the introduction in that - the retention device for the retention of oversized rock slabs picked up by the bucket wheel comprises at least one heavy weight body in at least one of rolling and sliding engagement with the surface of the ground to be excavated, - the heavy weight body is provided at an adjustable distance preceding the cutting edges of the bucket wheel in relation to the direction of movement of the excavation apparatus, the heavy weight body is fixed to a support vehicle of the apparatus by way of a hinged jib, the heavy weight body being fitted to the one end of the jib whereas the jib at its opposite end is hinged to the support vehicle, - and one end each of two hydraulic cylinders, connected to the operating hydraulics of the support vehicle, is linked to the hinged jib, their opposite ends being fitted to the support vehicle.
By the appropriate setting of the distance between the heavy weight body and the cutting edges of the bucket wheel, the lump size of extracted rock slabs can be predetermined.
All unevenness of the ground is levelled out by the inherent weight of the heavy weight body due to the fitting of the heavy weight body to the excavation apparatus according to the invention by means of a hinged jib.
Due to the fact that in the excavation apparatus according to the invention only a relatively small gap is provided between the cutting edges of the bucket wheel and the heavy weight body, the extraction of oversized rock slabs is prevented. According to the invention, slabs of too large a size are broken into smaller pieces so that they pass between r.
the cutting edges of the bucket wheel and the heavy weight body.
Whenever the bucket wheel of the excavation apparatus hits an oversized rock lump or an oversized frozen soil lump, this results in a lifting of the heavy weight body. This causes an increase in pressure on the hydraulic cylinder and thereby a crushing of the soil or rock lump by the bucket wheel. The extracted slabs accordingly are given a lump size which meets the requirements of the conveyor belt used in conjunction with the excavation apparatus. Accordingly, an additional crusher located downstream, in order to make possible the subsequent belt conveyance of the extracted lumps, is thereby rendered redundant.
Appropriately, the heavy weight body is formed by at least one roller. A roller is particularly well equipped to adapt to the prevailing ground conditions. It is also possible for the surface of the roller to be profiled.
In a further development of the inventive concept, the rollers constituting the heavy weight body are mounted displaceably in such a manner that they can perform a transverse inclination. In this manner the adaptability of the rollers to the surface of the ground to be excavated is increased substantially.
In yet another embodiment of the inventive concept, at least one sliding element is provided between the bucket wheel provided with cutting edges and the heavy weight body, such sliding element resting directly on the surface of the ground to be excavated. In this manner the lump size of the excavated rock slabs can be kept very small.
A further manner of attaining the object according to the invention is with an excavation apparatus including:
retention means for retaining the oversized rock slabs picked up by the bucket wheel comprises at least one heavy weight body, arranged at a slight distance above the ground to be excavated, and at an adjustable distance from the cutting edges of the bucket wheel based on the direction of movement of the excavation apparatus, the heavy weight body being fitted to a support vehicle of the apparatus by way of a hinged jib, where the heavy weight body is fitted to one end of the hinged jib, and the opposite end of the jib is hinged to the support vehicle, and two hydraulic cylinders, connected to the operating hydraulics of the support vehicle, one end of each of the cylinders is linked to the hinged jib while the other end of each cylinder is fitted to the support vehicle.
The maintenance of the distance of the heavy weight body above the ground to be excavated may be effected by conventional technical means, for example, by means of a trolley arranged below the heavy weight body, having wheels which in the vertical direction appropriately extend beyond the heavy weight body. In order to ensure the maintenance of the distance of the heavy weight body from the ground to be excavated in a particularly simple manner, an appropriate sensor is fitted to the jib in accordance with a further development of the inventive concept.
In order to set the distance between the heavy weight body and the cutting edges of the bucket wheel, at least one cylinder and/or at least one spindle is provided. Such adjustment means are particularly simple.
A preferred embodiment of the excavation apparatus according to the invention includes:
a hinged jib which forms part of a four-fold articulated frame, two articulation points of the four-fold articulated frame being provided at the ends of the hinged jib and the two remaining articulation points being provided at the ends of a beam, one articulation point of the hinged jib provides a connection to the support vehicle and the other articulation point provides a connection to a lever provided between the hinged jib and the beam; and a heavy weight body is fitted to the lower end of the lever, where, one articulation point of the beam establishes a connection to the support vehicle and the other articulation point establishes a connection to the upper end of the lever, and the length of the beam is so dimensioned that during any _ g _ vertical movement of the heavy weight body, its distance from the cutting edges of the bucket wheel remains nearly constant.
Due to the design of the hinged jib as part of a four-fold articulated frame, the distance between the heavy weight body and the cutting edges of the bucket wheel is kept nearly constant for each cutting level.
The invention may furthermore be improved in that a hydraulic pump, drivable by an electric motor, is accommodated above a hydraulic oil vessel, a first duct passes from the hydraulic oil vessel by way of a second duct to a cylinder space provided underneath the piston of each hydraulic cylinder, in the second duct there is provided a control valve and downstream thereof a spring loaded non-return valve, a third duct passes from the hydraulic oil vessel by way of a fourth duct into the cylinder space which in the hydraulic cylinder lies above the piston, a control valve, preceded upstream by a throttle non-return valve being provided in the third duct and a pressure switch being connected to the third duct, between the second and third ducts which pass from the hydraulic oil vessel to the cylinder spaces of the hydraulic cylinders, at least one connecting duct extends, a further control valve and a throttle non-return valve being provided in this connecting duct, and _ g _ a pressure switch is connected to the third duct which passes from the hydraulic oil vessel to the cylinder space, provided underneath the piston of each hydraulic cylinder.
In this manner a proper control of the retention means is made possible.
In a process for the non-explosive excavation of mining strata by means of the excavation apparatus according to the invention, the following process steps are performed when changing the location of the excavation apparatus:
in order to raise the jib, providing a first control valve in the second duct which passes to the cylinder space underneath the piston of each hydraulic cylinder, and a second control valve in the third duct passing from the hydraulic oil vessel into the cylinder space, above the piston of the hydraulic cylinder, activating the first and second control valves, and keeping the third control valve provided in the connecting duct between the second and third ducts, without current, while with the electric motor being switched on, a a..
pressure switch provided in the third duct is open;
for holding the jib, switching all three control valves to a currentless position where, if the electric motor is switched off, the pressure switch is open; and for lowering the jib, keeping the first control valve and the second control valve currentless and actuating the third control valve where, if the electric motor is switched off, keeping the pressure switch is open.
The process according to the invention makes it possible to raise the heavy weight body for the purpose of a locality change and to lower the heavy weight body after the locality change has been performed.
The process according to the invention may be further improved in that during the excavation operation in order to raise the jib, a first control valve is provided in the second duct which passes to the cylinder space provided underneath the piston of each hydraulic cylinder and a second control valve provided in the third duct which passes from the hydraulic oil vessel into the cylinder space provided above the piston of the hydraulic cylinder are activated, and a third control valve provided in the connecting duct between the second and third ducts is kept currentless, and if the electric motor is switched on, a pressure switch connected to the third duct is kept open, for holding the jib all three control valves are switched to a currentless position, and if the electric motor is switched off, the pressure switch is open, for rolling down the heavy weight body, the second control valve and the third control valve are activated and the first control valve is rendered currentless, and if the electric motor is switched off, the pressure switch fitted in the third duct is open; and for rolling down and simultaneously blocking the heavy weight body, all three control valves are switched to a currentless position, and if the electric motor is switched off, the second control valve and the third control valve are rendered currentless via the pressure switch.
The process according to the invention ensures a trouble-free control of the retention means.
A further object of the process according to the invention resides in that the control is designed so that on attaining a predetermined maximum force at one of the hydraulic cylinders, the other hydraulic cylinder is released. More particularly, the excavation apparatus according to the invention includes a valve combination, comprising a first pressure limiting valve provided in a fourth duct which passes into the space above the piston of the one hydraulic cylinder and a second pressure limiting valve and a constant throttle, which are provided in ducts for the return flow of the hydraulic oil, the valve combination performs the function of a pressure limiting valve causing a cylinder of the corresponding hydraulic cylinder to be retracted; and a further pressure limiting valve, provided in the ducts for the return flow of the hydraulic oil is opened at substantially the same time of the retracting of one of the hydraulic cylinders, causing the releasable, non-return valve downstream of the further pressure limiting valve to be opened as well, and as a result, another pressure limiting valve corresponding to the first pressure limiting valve and associated with the other hydraulic cylinder, is opened so that the other hydraulic cylinder can be retracted without appreciable counter pressure.
In such a situation, the pressure-loaded hydraulic cylinder yields by way of its pressure limiting valve. In that manner overloading of the bucket wheel drive and of the steel frame as a whole of the excavation apparatus is avoided.
By opening the hydraulic circuit, a rapid yielding of the heavy weight body from the cutting region of the bucket wheel is made possible, thereby avoiding blocking of the bucket wheel before the maximum drive torque is attained. The result is that even if the bucket wheel encounters an indestructible rock body, the excavation apparatus is not damaged.
Electrical or electronic means may be used instead of the hydraulic control elements.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings wherein:
Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of an excavation apparatus according to the invention;
Fig. la is a side elevational view of an alternative excavation apparatus;
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the excavation apparatus illustrated in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a front elevational view of the retention means of the excavation apparatus according to invention;
Fig. 4 is a further front elevation view showing only the retention means, the excavation apparatus itself not being illustrated, with a different position of the rollers constituting the heavy weight body;
Fig. 5 is a side elevational view of second excavation apparatus;
Fig. 6 is a side elevational view of a third excavation apparatus;
Fig. 7 is a side elevational view of a fourth excavation apparatus; and Fig. 8 is a circuit diagram for the control of the retention means.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The excavation apparatus 1 illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, is composed of a support vehicle 2 and bucket wheels 3 connected thereto. Bucket wheels 3 are fitted with cutting edges 4. The excavation apparatus 1 comprises retention means 5 which, at least partly, retains the earth or rock lumps picked up by the bucket wheels 3. The retention means 5 comprises at least one heavy weight body 6 which bears onto the surface of the ground to be excavated and which - in relation to the direction of movement B of the excavation apparatus 1 -is ahead of the cutting edges 4 of the bucket wheels 3. In this preferred embodiment, body 6 is formed by rollers, and is fitted to the support vehicle 2 by way of a hinged jib 7. The body 6 is fitted to one end of the jib 7, and the opposite end of the jib 7 is hinged to the support vehicle 2. In addition, one of the ends of two hydraulic cylinders 8 is linked to the jib 7, the hydraulic cylinders being connected to the operating hydraulics of the support vehicle 2 and their respective opposite ends being fitted to the support vehicle 2.
In the excavation apparatus illustrated in Fig. la, retention device 5 comprises at least one heavy weight body 6' which is fitted at a slight distance E above the ground to be excavated. In this embodiment as well that show in Fig. 1, the heavy weight body 6' is arranged at an adjustable distance A
ahead of the cutting edges 4 of the bucket wheel 3 in relation to the direction of movement B of the excavation apparatus 1.
Furthermore, in this case as well, the heavy weight body 6' is fitted by way of a hinged jib 7 to the support vehicle 2. The heavy weight body 6' is fitted to the one end of the jib 7, and the jib 7 at its opposite end is linked to the support vehicle 2. One end of each of two hydraulic cylinders 8, which are connected to the operating hydraulics of the support vehicle 2, is linked to the hinged jib 7 and in each case the opposite ena is fitted to the support vehicle 2. An appropriate sensor 16 is fitted to the jib 7 for the maintenance of the distance E of the heavy weight body 6' above the ground to be excavated.
As may be seen from Figs. 3 and 4, the rollers constituting the heavy weight body 6, are so mounted in a displaceable manner as to be able to perform a transverse inclination. For this purpose, each individual roller can be tilted by an angle W.
As shown in the embodiment of Fig. 5, cylinders 9 are provided for the adjustment of the distance A between the heavy weight body 6 and the cutting edges 4 of the bucket wheels 3.
In this context, the one end of the cylinder 9 is linked to the hinged jib 7 and the other end is linked to a toggle lever 10, the tilting axis of which passes through the hinged jib 7. The heavy weight body 6 formed by rollers, is fitted to the opposite end of the toggle lever 10. The movement, performable by the body 6, due to the toggle lever 10, is indicated by an arrow 11.
In the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 6, a sliding element 12 lying directly on the surface of the ground to be excavated, is provided between the bucket wheels 3 and the heavy weight body 6.
In Fig. 7 another excavation apparatus is illustrated, in which the hinged jib 7 forms part of a fourfold articulated frame. In this context, two articulation points P1 and P2 are provided each on one end of the hinged jib 7 and two further articulation points P3 and P4 are provided each on one end of a beam 13. The articulation points Pl and P3 establish a connection with the support vehicle 2, and the articulation points P2 and P4 establish the connection with a lever 14. P2 is approximately in a central portior. of lever 14. P4 is at the upper end of lever 14 connected to beam 13. The heavy weight body 6 is fitted to the lower end of the lever 14. The movement which the body 6 in this case may perform - due to the four-fold articulated frame - is indicated by an arrow 15.
From the circuit diagram illustrated in Fig. 8, the control of the excavation apparatus is apparent. For greater clarity, only two hydraulic cylinders 8 of the excavation apparatus are illustrated, which, for a better understanding of the control, are denoted as 8L and 8R. Hydraulic cylinder 8L is associated with a control unit SL and hydraulic cylinder 8R is associated with a control unit SR. Since control units SL and SR correspond to one another, the following explanation refers mainly to the reference numerals of control unit SL. The control elements of the control unit SR are also not provided with reference numerals it is a mirror image of control unit SL. Merely by way of example the reference numeral for the pressure limiting valve S13R is shown in control unit SR. The ducts which in the drawing have been shown by broken lines, represent the ducts for the return flow of the hydraulic oil or of leaking oil.
The control unit SL comprises a first duct L1 which passes from a hydraulic oil vessel S1 to a second duct L2 which is connected to the cylinder space below the piston of the hydraulic cylinder 8. Above the hydraulic oil vessel S1, a hydraulic pump S3, drivable by an electric motor S2, is provided in duct L1. In duct L2 a control valve S4 is provided, followed downstream by a spring-loaded non-return valve S5. A pressure limiting valve S6 is provided in another duct L3 which passes from the duct L1 back to the hydraulic oil vessel S 1.
A third duct L4 passes from the hydraulic oil vessel S1 by way of a fourth duct L5 into the cylinder space above the piston of the hydraulic cylinder 8. In duct L4 a control valve S7 is provided, followed downstream by a throttle non-return valve S8. Furthermore, a pressure switch S9 is connected to duct L4.
y.
Between ducts L2 and L4 is a connecting duct L6, which includes comprising a control valve S10 and a throttle non-return valve S11, as well as a further connecting duct L7, in which a pressure limiting valve S12 is provided.
To the end of duct L5 remote from hydraulic cylinder 8L, a pressure limiting valve 513, for example a so-called cartridge valve, is provided.
Furthermore, in the ducts for the return flow of the hydraulic oil or leakage oil, pressure limiting valves S14 and S15 are provided as well as a releasable, non-return valve S16 and a constant throttle S 17.
It will be understood that the above description of the present invention is susceptible to various modifications, changes and adaptations, and the same are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the appended claims.
This application claims the priority of German Application No. 194 48 761.0 filed November 5, 1997, which is incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to an excavation apparatus for the non-explosive excavation or mining of layers of earthen material such as rubble, coal and the like, composed of a support vehicle, preferably a crawler vehicle and a bucket wheel with revolving cutting edges, the support vehicle being provided with operating hydraulics including at least one hydraulic pump and a plurality of hydraulic cylinders, the bucket wheel being optionally composed of a plurality of cutting wheels, arranged side by side, and wherein the y,: 15 excavation apparatus includes retention means which prevents the formation of or provides the retention of oversized rock slabs, or soil or rock lumps which are released by the bucket wheel.
During the excavation of earthen layers by means of bucket wheels fitted with cutting edges, the formation of relatively large sized soil or rock lumps may occur which may have dimensions of up to 60 x 100 x 150 cm. Such soil or rock lumps may result in blockage of the hydraulic system of the excavation apparatus and may cause substantial damage to the excavation apparatus.
In a known soil processing apparatus used for processing soil deposits and in which likewise there exists a risk of the formation of relatively large soil or rock lumps, means are provided which can retain partially soil material picked up by the blades.
DE 88 12 484 U1 describes a known apparatus which serves for processing forest soils, a flap is provided in the upper region of the crusher roller, fitted to the apparatus, on which upwardly flung wood debris or the like is intercepted by the impact and recycled to the operating region of the crushing roller. However, in this case it is possible that relatively large soil lumps become locked between the flap and the crushing roller which may result in substantial damage to the apparatus or to the crushing roller.
In another known apparatus for processing soils described in FR 2 607 350 Al, a combined crushing and shrub clearing apparatus which includes means for predetermining the cutting depth of the blades on the one side of the apparatus such as a level control roller and a leveling plate located on the other side of the apparatus. In this context, the positioning level of the leveling roller which is pivotal about an axis, can be adjusted incrementally. For this purpose, a template is a' provided comprising a plurality of holes. Through one of the holes a pin, which passes through the pivoting arm of the leveling roller, is inserted so that the level adjustment of the leveling roller is determined by the selection of that hole in the template into which the pin has been inserted. The leveling roller is neither intended nor suitable for the retention of soil material released by the blades.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the invention to provide an excavation apparatus having a retention device which retains those slabs which are picked up by the bucket wheel and is designed so that the formation of oversized slabs is not possible or that at least damage to the excavation apparatus by oversized rock slabs is avoided.
This object is attained in an excavation apparatus of the type referred to in the introduction in that - the retention device for the retention of oversized rock slabs picked up by the bucket wheel comprises at least one heavy weight body in at least one of rolling and sliding engagement with the surface of the ground to be excavated, - the heavy weight body is provided at an adjustable distance preceding the cutting edges of the bucket wheel in relation to the direction of movement of the excavation apparatus, the heavy weight body is fixed to a support vehicle of the apparatus by way of a hinged jib, the heavy weight body being fitted to the one end of the jib whereas the jib at its opposite end is hinged to the support vehicle, - and one end each of two hydraulic cylinders, connected to the operating hydraulics of the support vehicle, is linked to the hinged jib, their opposite ends being fitted to the support vehicle.
By the appropriate setting of the distance between the heavy weight body and the cutting edges of the bucket wheel, the lump size of extracted rock slabs can be predetermined.
All unevenness of the ground is levelled out by the inherent weight of the heavy weight body due to the fitting of the heavy weight body to the excavation apparatus according to the invention by means of a hinged jib.
Due to the fact that in the excavation apparatus according to the invention only a relatively small gap is provided between the cutting edges of the bucket wheel and the heavy weight body, the extraction of oversized rock slabs is prevented. According to the invention, slabs of too large a size are broken into smaller pieces so that they pass between r.
the cutting edges of the bucket wheel and the heavy weight body.
Whenever the bucket wheel of the excavation apparatus hits an oversized rock lump or an oversized frozen soil lump, this results in a lifting of the heavy weight body. This causes an increase in pressure on the hydraulic cylinder and thereby a crushing of the soil or rock lump by the bucket wheel. The extracted slabs accordingly are given a lump size which meets the requirements of the conveyor belt used in conjunction with the excavation apparatus. Accordingly, an additional crusher located downstream, in order to make possible the subsequent belt conveyance of the extracted lumps, is thereby rendered redundant.
Appropriately, the heavy weight body is formed by at least one roller. A roller is particularly well equipped to adapt to the prevailing ground conditions. It is also possible for the surface of the roller to be profiled.
In a further development of the inventive concept, the rollers constituting the heavy weight body are mounted displaceably in such a manner that they can perform a transverse inclination. In this manner the adaptability of the rollers to the surface of the ground to be excavated is increased substantially.
In yet another embodiment of the inventive concept, at least one sliding element is provided between the bucket wheel provided with cutting edges and the heavy weight body, such sliding element resting directly on the surface of the ground to be excavated. In this manner the lump size of the excavated rock slabs can be kept very small.
A further manner of attaining the object according to the invention is with an excavation apparatus including:
retention means for retaining the oversized rock slabs picked up by the bucket wheel comprises at least one heavy weight body, arranged at a slight distance above the ground to be excavated, and at an adjustable distance from the cutting edges of the bucket wheel based on the direction of movement of the excavation apparatus, the heavy weight body being fitted to a support vehicle of the apparatus by way of a hinged jib, where the heavy weight body is fitted to one end of the hinged jib, and the opposite end of the jib is hinged to the support vehicle, and two hydraulic cylinders, connected to the operating hydraulics of the support vehicle, one end of each of the cylinders is linked to the hinged jib while the other end of each cylinder is fitted to the support vehicle.
The maintenance of the distance of the heavy weight body above the ground to be excavated may be effected by conventional technical means, for example, by means of a trolley arranged below the heavy weight body, having wheels which in the vertical direction appropriately extend beyond the heavy weight body. In order to ensure the maintenance of the distance of the heavy weight body from the ground to be excavated in a particularly simple manner, an appropriate sensor is fitted to the jib in accordance with a further development of the inventive concept.
In order to set the distance between the heavy weight body and the cutting edges of the bucket wheel, at least one cylinder and/or at least one spindle is provided. Such adjustment means are particularly simple.
A preferred embodiment of the excavation apparatus according to the invention includes:
a hinged jib which forms part of a four-fold articulated frame, two articulation points of the four-fold articulated frame being provided at the ends of the hinged jib and the two remaining articulation points being provided at the ends of a beam, one articulation point of the hinged jib provides a connection to the support vehicle and the other articulation point provides a connection to a lever provided between the hinged jib and the beam; and a heavy weight body is fitted to the lower end of the lever, where, one articulation point of the beam establishes a connection to the support vehicle and the other articulation point establishes a connection to the upper end of the lever, and the length of the beam is so dimensioned that during any _ g _ vertical movement of the heavy weight body, its distance from the cutting edges of the bucket wheel remains nearly constant.
Due to the design of the hinged jib as part of a four-fold articulated frame, the distance between the heavy weight body and the cutting edges of the bucket wheel is kept nearly constant for each cutting level.
The invention may furthermore be improved in that a hydraulic pump, drivable by an electric motor, is accommodated above a hydraulic oil vessel, a first duct passes from the hydraulic oil vessel by way of a second duct to a cylinder space provided underneath the piston of each hydraulic cylinder, in the second duct there is provided a control valve and downstream thereof a spring loaded non-return valve, a third duct passes from the hydraulic oil vessel by way of a fourth duct into the cylinder space which in the hydraulic cylinder lies above the piston, a control valve, preceded upstream by a throttle non-return valve being provided in the third duct and a pressure switch being connected to the third duct, between the second and third ducts which pass from the hydraulic oil vessel to the cylinder spaces of the hydraulic cylinders, at least one connecting duct extends, a further control valve and a throttle non-return valve being provided in this connecting duct, and _ g _ a pressure switch is connected to the third duct which passes from the hydraulic oil vessel to the cylinder space, provided underneath the piston of each hydraulic cylinder.
In this manner a proper control of the retention means is made possible.
In a process for the non-explosive excavation of mining strata by means of the excavation apparatus according to the invention, the following process steps are performed when changing the location of the excavation apparatus:
in order to raise the jib, providing a first control valve in the second duct which passes to the cylinder space underneath the piston of each hydraulic cylinder, and a second control valve in the third duct passing from the hydraulic oil vessel into the cylinder space, above the piston of the hydraulic cylinder, activating the first and second control valves, and keeping the third control valve provided in the connecting duct between the second and third ducts, without current, while with the electric motor being switched on, a a..
pressure switch provided in the third duct is open;
for holding the jib, switching all three control valves to a currentless position where, if the electric motor is switched off, the pressure switch is open; and for lowering the jib, keeping the first control valve and the second control valve currentless and actuating the third control valve where, if the electric motor is switched off, keeping the pressure switch is open.
The process according to the invention makes it possible to raise the heavy weight body for the purpose of a locality change and to lower the heavy weight body after the locality change has been performed.
The process according to the invention may be further improved in that during the excavation operation in order to raise the jib, a first control valve is provided in the second duct which passes to the cylinder space provided underneath the piston of each hydraulic cylinder and a second control valve provided in the third duct which passes from the hydraulic oil vessel into the cylinder space provided above the piston of the hydraulic cylinder are activated, and a third control valve provided in the connecting duct between the second and third ducts is kept currentless, and if the electric motor is switched on, a pressure switch connected to the third duct is kept open, for holding the jib all three control valves are switched to a currentless position, and if the electric motor is switched off, the pressure switch is open, for rolling down the heavy weight body, the second control valve and the third control valve are activated and the first control valve is rendered currentless, and if the electric motor is switched off, the pressure switch fitted in the third duct is open; and for rolling down and simultaneously blocking the heavy weight body, all three control valves are switched to a currentless position, and if the electric motor is switched off, the second control valve and the third control valve are rendered currentless via the pressure switch.
The process according to the invention ensures a trouble-free control of the retention means.
A further object of the process according to the invention resides in that the control is designed so that on attaining a predetermined maximum force at one of the hydraulic cylinders, the other hydraulic cylinder is released. More particularly, the excavation apparatus according to the invention includes a valve combination, comprising a first pressure limiting valve provided in a fourth duct which passes into the space above the piston of the one hydraulic cylinder and a second pressure limiting valve and a constant throttle, which are provided in ducts for the return flow of the hydraulic oil, the valve combination performs the function of a pressure limiting valve causing a cylinder of the corresponding hydraulic cylinder to be retracted; and a further pressure limiting valve, provided in the ducts for the return flow of the hydraulic oil is opened at substantially the same time of the retracting of one of the hydraulic cylinders, causing the releasable, non-return valve downstream of the further pressure limiting valve to be opened as well, and as a result, another pressure limiting valve corresponding to the first pressure limiting valve and associated with the other hydraulic cylinder, is opened so that the other hydraulic cylinder can be retracted without appreciable counter pressure.
In such a situation, the pressure-loaded hydraulic cylinder yields by way of its pressure limiting valve. In that manner overloading of the bucket wheel drive and of the steel frame as a whole of the excavation apparatus is avoided.
By opening the hydraulic circuit, a rapid yielding of the heavy weight body from the cutting region of the bucket wheel is made possible, thereby avoiding blocking of the bucket wheel before the maximum drive torque is attained. The result is that even if the bucket wheel encounters an indestructible rock body, the excavation apparatus is not damaged.
Electrical or electronic means may be used instead of the hydraulic control elements.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings wherein:
Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of an excavation apparatus according to the invention;
Fig. la is a side elevational view of an alternative excavation apparatus;
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the excavation apparatus illustrated in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a front elevational view of the retention means of the excavation apparatus according to invention;
Fig. 4 is a further front elevation view showing only the retention means, the excavation apparatus itself not being illustrated, with a different position of the rollers constituting the heavy weight body;
Fig. 5 is a side elevational view of second excavation apparatus;
Fig. 6 is a side elevational view of a third excavation apparatus;
Fig. 7 is a side elevational view of a fourth excavation apparatus; and Fig. 8 is a circuit diagram for the control of the retention means.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The excavation apparatus 1 illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, is composed of a support vehicle 2 and bucket wheels 3 connected thereto. Bucket wheels 3 are fitted with cutting edges 4. The excavation apparatus 1 comprises retention means 5 which, at least partly, retains the earth or rock lumps picked up by the bucket wheels 3. The retention means 5 comprises at least one heavy weight body 6 which bears onto the surface of the ground to be excavated and which - in relation to the direction of movement B of the excavation apparatus 1 -is ahead of the cutting edges 4 of the bucket wheels 3. In this preferred embodiment, body 6 is formed by rollers, and is fitted to the support vehicle 2 by way of a hinged jib 7. The body 6 is fitted to one end of the jib 7, and the opposite end of the jib 7 is hinged to the support vehicle 2. In addition, one of the ends of two hydraulic cylinders 8 is linked to the jib 7, the hydraulic cylinders being connected to the operating hydraulics of the support vehicle 2 and their respective opposite ends being fitted to the support vehicle 2.
In the excavation apparatus illustrated in Fig. la, retention device 5 comprises at least one heavy weight body 6' which is fitted at a slight distance E above the ground to be excavated. In this embodiment as well that show in Fig. 1, the heavy weight body 6' is arranged at an adjustable distance A
ahead of the cutting edges 4 of the bucket wheel 3 in relation to the direction of movement B of the excavation apparatus 1.
Furthermore, in this case as well, the heavy weight body 6' is fitted by way of a hinged jib 7 to the support vehicle 2. The heavy weight body 6' is fitted to the one end of the jib 7, and the jib 7 at its opposite end is linked to the support vehicle 2. One end of each of two hydraulic cylinders 8, which are connected to the operating hydraulics of the support vehicle 2, is linked to the hinged jib 7 and in each case the opposite ena is fitted to the support vehicle 2. An appropriate sensor 16 is fitted to the jib 7 for the maintenance of the distance E of the heavy weight body 6' above the ground to be excavated.
As may be seen from Figs. 3 and 4, the rollers constituting the heavy weight body 6, are so mounted in a displaceable manner as to be able to perform a transverse inclination. For this purpose, each individual roller can be tilted by an angle W.
As shown in the embodiment of Fig. 5, cylinders 9 are provided for the adjustment of the distance A between the heavy weight body 6 and the cutting edges 4 of the bucket wheels 3.
In this context, the one end of the cylinder 9 is linked to the hinged jib 7 and the other end is linked to a toggle lever 10, the tilting axis of which passes through the hinged jib 7. The heavy weight body 6 formed by rollers, is fitted to the opposite end of the toggle lever 10. The movement, performable by the body 6, due to the toggle lever 10, is indicated by an arrow 11.
In the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 6, a sliding element 12 lying directly on the surface of the ground to be excavated, is provided between the bucket wheels 3 and the heavy weight body 6.
In Fig. 7 another excavation apparatus is illustrated, in which the hinged jib 7 forms part of a fourfold articulated frame. In this context, two articulation points P1 and P2 are provided each on one end of the hinged jib 7 and two further articulation points P3 and P4 are provided each on one end of a beam 13. The articulation points Pl and P3 establish a connection with the support vehicle 2, and the articulation points P2 and P4 establish the connection with a lever 14. P2 is approximately in a central portior. of lever 14. P4 is at the upper end of lever 14 connected to beam 13. The heavy weight body 6 is fitted to the lower end of the lever 14. The movement which the body 6 in this case may perform - due to the four-fold articulated frame - is indicated by an arrow 15.
From the circuit diagram illustrated in Fig. 8, the control of the excavation apparatus is apparent. For greater clarity, only two hydraulic cylinders 8 of the excavation apparatus are illustrated, which, for a better understanding of the control, are denoted as 8L and 8R. Hydraulic cylinder 8L is associated with a control unit SL and hydraulic cylinder 8R is associated with a control unit SR. Since control units SL and SR correspond to one another, the following explanation refers mainly to the reference numerals of control unit SL. The control elements of the control unit SR are also not provided with reference numerals it is a mirror image of control unit SL. Merely by way of example the reference numeral for the pressure limiting valve S13R is shown in control unit SR. The ducts which in the drawing have been shown by broken lines, represent the ducts for the return flow of the hydraulic oil or of leaking oil.
The control unit SL comprises a first duct L1 which passes from a hydraulic oil vessel S1 to a second duct L2 which is connected to the cylinder space below the piston of the hydraulic cylinder 8. Above the hydraulic oil vessel S1, a hydraulic pump S3, drivable by an electric motor S2, is provided in duct L1. In duct L2 a control valve S4 is provided, followed downstream by a spring-loaded non-return valve S5. A pressure limiting valve S6 is provided in another duct L3 which passes from the duct L1 back to the hydraulic oil vessel S 1.
A third duct L4 passes from the hydraulic oil vessel S1 by way of a fourth duct L5 into the cylinder space above the piston of the hydraulic cylinder 8. In duct L4 a control valve S7 is provided, followed downstream by a throttle non-return valve S8. Furthermore, a pressure switch S9 is connected to duct L4.
y.
Between ducts L2 and L4 is a connecting duct L6, which includes comprising a control valve S10 and a throttle non-return valve S11, as well as a further connecting duct L7, in which a pressure limiting valve S12 is provided.
To the end of duct L5 remote from hydraulic cylinder 8L, a pressure limiting valve 513, for example a so-called cartridge valve, is provided.
Furthermore, in the ducts for the return flow of the hydraulic oil or leakage oil, pressure limiting valves S14 and S15 are provided as well as a releasable, non-return valve S16 and a constant throttle S 17.
It will be understood that the above description of the present invention is susceptible to various modifications, changes and adaptations, and the same are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the appended claims.
Claims (16)
1. An excavation apparatus for explosion-free excavation of earthen ground, such as rubble, coal and the like, comprising:
a support vehicle equipped with operating hydraulics which include at least one hydraulic pump and a plurality of hydraulic cylinders;
a bucket wheel having revolving cutting edges;
retention means, adapted to prevent the formation of or provide the retention of oversized soil or rock lumps which are released by the bucket wheel, wherein the retention means for the retention of oversized soil or rock lumps picked up by the bucket wheel includes at least one heavy weight body in at least one of rolling and sliding engagement with the surface of the ground to be excavated, the heavy weight body being arranged at an adjustable distance (A) ahead of the cutting edges of the bucket wheel in relation to the direction of movement (B) of the excavation apparatus, and the heavy weight body being fitted to one end of a hinged jib, the other end of the hinged jib being hinged to the support vehicle, and one end of each of two hydraulic cylinders which are connected to the operating hydraulics of the support vehicle is linked to the hinged jib and the opposite ends of the cylinders each being fitted to the support vehicle.
a support vehicle equipped with operating hydraulics which include at least one hydraulic pump and a plurality of hydraulic cylinders;
a bucket wheel having revolving cutting edges;
retention means, adapted to prevent the formation of or provide the retention of oversized soil or rock lumps which are released by the bucket wheel, wherein the retention means for the retention of oversized soil or rock lumps picked up by the bucket wheel includes at least one heavy weight body in at least one of rolling and sliding engagement with the surface of the ground to be excavated, the heavy weight body being arranged at an adjustable distance (A) ahead of the cutting edges of the bucket wheel in relation to the direction of movement (B) of the excavation apparatus, and the heavy weight body being fitted to one end of a hinged jib, the other end of the hinged jib being hinged to the support vehicle, and one end of each of two hydraulic cylinders which are connected to the operating hydraulics of the support vehicle is linked to the hinged jib and the opposite ends of the cylinders each being fitted to the support vehicle.
2. The excavation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heavy weight body is formed by at least one roller.
3. The excavation apparatus according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of rollers constitute the heavy weight body and are mounted in a displaceable manner in that the rollers can tilt transversely.
4. The excavation apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising at least one sliding element which lies directly on the surface of the ground to be excavated, the at least one sliding element being located between cutting edges of the bucket wheel and the heavy weight body.
5. The excavation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the bucket wheel has a plurality of cutting wheels arranged side-by-side.
6. The excavation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the support vehicle is a crawler vehicle.
7. The excavation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heavy weight body lies directly on the surface of the ground to be excavated.
8. The excavation apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising at least one cylinder and/or at least one spindle for setting the distance (A) between the heavy weight body and the cutting edges of the bucket wheel.
9. The excavation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hinged jib forms part of a four-fold articulated frame;
first and second articulation points of the four-fold articulated frame are provided on respective opposite ends of the hinged jib and the third and fourth articulation points are provided on respective opposite ends of a beam;
the first articulation point of the hinged jib establishes a connection to the support vehicle and the second articulation point establishes a connection to a lever, the lever being provided between the hinged jib and the beam, the heavy weight body being fitted to the lower end of the lever;
the third articulation point of the beam establishes a connection to the support vehicle and the fourth articulation point establishes a connection to the lever; and the length of the beam is dimensioned so that for each up or down movement of the heavy weight body the distance (A) from the cutting edges of the bucket wheel remains approximately constant.
first and second articulation points of the four-fold articulated frame are provided on respective opposite ends of the hinged jib and the third and fourth articulation points are provided on respective opposite ends of a beam;
the first articulation point of the hinged jib establishes a connection to the support vehicle and the second articulation point establishes a connection to a lever, the lever being provided between the hinged jib and the beam, the heavy weight body being fitted to the lower end of the lever;
the third articulation point of the beam establishes a connection to the support vehicle and the fourth articulation point establishes a connection to the lever; and the length of the beam is dimensioned so that for each up or down movement of the heavy weight body the distance (A) from the cutting edges of the bucket wheel remains approximately constant.
10. The excavation apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a hydraulic pump drivable by an electric motor and fitted above a hydraulic oil vessel;
a first duct which passes from the hydraulic oil vessel by way of a second duct to the cylinder space which in each hydraulic cylinder lies underneath a piston of the cylinder, a first control valve and downstream thereof, a spring-loaded non-return valve being provided in the second duct;
a third duct passes from the hydraulic oil vessel by way of a fourth duct into a cylinder space which in a hydraulic cylinder lies above the piston of the cylinder, a second control valve preceded upstream by a throttle non-return valve being provided in the third duct and a pressure switch being connected to the duct;
at least one connecting duct extends between the second and third ducts, a third control valve and a throttle non-return valve being provided in the connecting duct; and a pressure switch is fitted to the third duct.
a hydraulic pump drivable by an electric motor and fitted above a hydraulic oil vessel;
a first duct which passes from the hydraulic oil vessel by way of a second duct to the cylinder space which in each hydraulic cylinder lies underneath a piston of the cylinder, a first control valve and downstream thereof, a spring-loaded non-return valve being provided in the second duct;
a third duct passes from the hydraulic oil vessel by way of a fourth duct into a cylinder space which in a hydraulic cylinder lies above the piston of the cylinder, a second control valve preceded upstream by a throttle non-return valve being provided in the third duct and a pressure switch being connected to the duct;
at least one connecting duct extends between the second and third ducts, a third control valve and a throttle non-return valve being provided in the connecting duct; and a pressure switch is fitted to the third duct.
11. An excavation apparatus for the explosion-free excavation of earthen ground comprising:
a support vehicle, the support vehicle being equipped with operating hydraulics which include at least one hydraulic pump and a plurality of hydraulic cylinders;
a bucket wheel having revolving cutting edges; and retention means for preventing the formation of or providing the retention of oversized soil or rock lumps released by the bucket wheel, wherein the retention means for the retention of oversized soil or rock lumps picked up by the bucket wheel comprises at least one heavy weight body, which is provided at a slight distance above the ground to be excavated, the heavy weight body being arranged at an adjustable distance (A) ahead of the cutting edges of the bucket wheel in relation to the direction of movement (B) of the excavation apparatus, and being fitted to one end of a hinged jib, the other end of the hinged jib (7) being hinged to the support vehicle, and one end of each of two hydraulic cylinders, which are connected to the operating hydraulics of the support vehicle, is linked to the hinged jib , and the opposite ends of the cylinders each being fitted to the support vehicle.
a support vehicle, the support vehicle being equipped with operating hydraulics which include at least one hydraulic pump and a plurality of hydraulic cylinders;
a bucket wheel having revolving cutting edges; and retention means for preventing the formation of or providing the retention of oversized soil or rock lumps released by the bucket wheel, wherein the retention means for the retention of oversized soil or rock lumps picked up by the bucket wheel comprises at least one heavy weight body, which is provided at a slight distance above the ground to be excavated, the heavy weight body being arranged at an adjustable distance (A) ahead of the cutting edges of the bucket wheel in relation to the direction of movement (B) of the excavation apparatus, and being fitted to one end of a hinged jib, the other end of the hinged jib (7) being hinged to the support vehicle, and one end of each of two hydraulic cylinders, which are connected to the operating hydraulics of the support vehicle, is linked to the hinged jib , and the opposite ends of the cylinders each being fitted to the support vehicle.
12. The excavation apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising an appropriate sensor for maintaining the distance (E) of the heavy weight body above the ground to be excavated, the appropriate sensor being fitted to the hinged jib.
13. A process for the non-explosive excavation of mining layers such as rubble, coal and the like by means of an excavation apparatus according to claim 10, wherein when performing a change of location of the excavation apparatus said process comprising the steps of:
for raising the hinged jib, activating the first control valve and the second control valve and keeping the third control valve which is provided in the connecting duct between the second and third ducts without current, and if the electric motor is switched on, keeping the pressure switch fitted to the third duct open;
for holding the hinged jib, switching all three control valves to a currentless position, and if the electric motor is switched off, opening the pressure switch; and for lowering the hinged jib, keeping the first control valve and the second control valve without current and activating the third control valve and if the electric motor is switched off, keeping the pressure switch open.
for raising the hinged jib, activating the first control valve and the second control valve and keeping the third control valve which is provided in the connecting duct between the second and third ducts without current, and if the electric motor is switched on, keeping the pressure switch fitted to the third duct open;
for holding the hinged jib, switching all three control valves to a currentless position, and if the electric motor is switched off, opening the pressure switch; and for lowering the hinged jib, keeping the first control valve and the second control valve without current and activating the third control valve and if the electric motor is switched off, keeping the pressure switch open.
14. The process according to claim 13, further comprising the steps of:
for rolling down the heavy weight body, activating the second control valve and the third control valve and maintaining the first without current and while the electric motor is switched off, keeping the pressure switch open; and for the rolling off and simultaneous blocking of the heavy weight body, while the electric motor is switched off, the second control valve and the third control valve are switched to the currentless position by the pressure switch.
for rolling down the heavy weight body, activating the second control valve and the third control valve and maintaining the first without current and while the electric motor is switched off, keeping the pressure switch open; and for the rolling off and simultaneous blocking of the heavy weight body, while the electric motor is switched off, the second control valve and the third control valve are switched to the currentless position by the pressure switch.
15. A process according to claim 13, wherein the control is designed so that, on attainment of a predetermined maximum force at one of the hydraulic cylinders, the other hydraulic cylinder is released.
16. A process according to claim 13, further comprising:
a valve combination including a first pressure limiting valve which is provided in a fourth duct, which passes into the space above the piston of one of the hydraulic cylinders and a second pressure limiting valve and a constant throttle which are provided in ducts for the return flow of the hydraulic oil, the valve combination acting as a pressure limiting valve and a cylinder of the corresponding hydraulic cylinder is retracted;
a further pressure limiting valve provided in the ducts for the return flow of the hydraulic oil, is opened at substantially the same time of the retracting of one of the hydraulic cylinders whereby the releasable, non-return valve downstream of the pressure limiting valve is opened as well;
and as a result, the pressure limiting valve which corresponds to the first pressure limiting valve and which is associated with the other hydraulic cylinder, is opened so that the other hydraulic cylinder can be retracted without appreciable opposing pressure.
a valve combination including a first pressure limiting valve which is provided in a fourth duct, which passes into the space above the piston of one of the hydraulic cylinders and a second pressure limiting valve and a constant throttle which are provided in ducts for the return flow of the hydraulic oil, the valve combination acting as a pressure limiting valve and a cylinder of the corresponding hydraulic cylinder is retracted;
a further pressure limiting valve provided in the ducts for the return flow of the hydraulic oil, is opened at substantially the same time of the retracting of one of the hydraulic cylinders whereby the releasable, non-return valve downstream of the pressure limiting valve is opened as well;
and as a result, the pressure limiting valve which corresponds to the first pressure limiting valve and which is associated with the other hydraulic cylinder, is opened so that the other hydraulic cylinder can be retracted without appreciable opposing pressure.
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19748761A DE19748761A1 (en) | 1997-11-05 | 1997-11-05 | Coal extraction machine |
| CN98123837.8A CN1216799A (en) | 1997-11-05 | 1998-11-04 | Mining mechanism for mine |
| AU91338/98A AU9133898A (en) | 1997-11-05 | 1998-11-04 | Winning apparatus for winning strata |
| IDP981447A ID21210A (en) | 1997-11-05 | 1998-11-05 | MINER EQUIPMENT TO MINING STRATA |
| EP98124087A EP1010818A1 (en) | 1997-11-05 | 1998-12-18 | Extraction tool for the extraction of mining goods |
| CA002256802A CA2256802A1 (en) | 1997-11-05 | 1998-12-22 | Excavation apparatus for mining layers of earth |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19748761A DE19748761A1 (en) | 1997-11-05 | 1997-11-05 | Coal extraction machine |
| EP98124087A EP1010818A1 (en) | 1997-11-05 | 1998-12-18 | Extraction tool for the extraction of mining goods |
| CA002256802A CA2256802A1 (en) | 1997-11-05 | 1998-12-22 | Excavation apparatus for mining layers of earth |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2256802A1 true CA2256802A1 (en) | 2000-06-22 |
Family
ID=32033827
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002256802A Abandoned CA2256802A1 (en) | 1997-11-05 | 1998-12-22 | Excavation apparatus for mining layers of earth |
Country Status (6)
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|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1010818A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1216799A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU9133898A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2256802A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19748761A1 (en) |
| ID (1) | ID21210A (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1295401C (en) * | 2002-04-27 | 2007-01-17 | S.D.T.O公司 | Motor-driven road running vehicle for digging ditch on ground |
| US8789892B2 (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2014-07-29 | Joy Mm Delaware, Inc. | Drive mechanism for a longwall mining machine |
| CN102080544A (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2011-06-01 | 湖南工程学院 | Method and device for cutting cobalt crust at high speed in deep sea |
| CN106193151A (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2016-12-07 | 中铁十九局集团第七工程有限公司 | Tunnel bull-dozer |
| CN106592671A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-04-26 | 山河智能装备股份有限公司 | Lateral-direction milling excavator |
| CN106703810A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-05-24 | 胡沿东 | Mining machine |
| CN109681199A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-26 | 贵州大学 | A kind of high-intensitive cutting roller for mining |
| CN110965601B (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2022-05-03 | 秦克 | Hydraulic engineering desilting device |
| CN111779054A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-10-16 | 何红侠 | Outdoor building pipeline burying and ditching equipment with protective structure |
| CN112359899B (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2022-04-22 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | Wheel type cutter head hard rock trencher |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DD12406A (en) * | ||||
| DE1164934B (en) * | 1964-03-05 | Uvo Pauls Dipl Ing | Trencher | |
| AT24221B (en) * | 1905-02-27 | 1906-05-10 | Georg Schmidt | Mixing machine for concrete, mortar, etc. like |
| DE960392C (en) * | 1954-02-27 | 1957-03-21 | Erwin Baas | Device for creating new or cleaning existing graves |
| US3225943A (en) * | 1962-05-29 | 1965-12-28 | Hewitt Robins | Cantilever rotary reclaimer |
| US3970154A (en) * | 1973-03-20 | 1976-07-20 | Banister Pipelines, Ltd. | Tool power system usable as substitute for vehicle propulsion |
| US4221505A (en) * | 1978-03-17 | 1980-09-09 | Taylor Smith Ernest J | Sub-surface irrigation channel |
| FR2522038A1 (en) * | 1982-02-19 | 1983-08-26 | Hydro Armor Sarl | MACHINE FOR CUTTING OR CURING SLICES |
| FR2643111B1 (en) * | 1989-02-15 | 1996-04-26 | Midi Salines Est Cie Salins | SEA STRAWBERRY SALT COLLECTOR |
| DE59004104D1 (en) * | 1989-08-08 | 1994-02-17 | Siemens Ag | Flow control of a bucket wheel excavator or bucket wheel pickup in the open pit. |
| DE8911435U1 (en) * | 1989-09-26 | 1989-11-09 | Bröhl, Franz, 8560 Lauf | Milling machine with depth adjustment and support rollers |
| US5113610A (en) * | 1991-10-31 | 1992-05-19 | Liebrecht Jr Sylvester | Rotating disk type ditcher |
| US5575538A (en) * | 1995-06-01 | 1996-11-19 | Astec Industries, Inc. | Rock saw with centerline conveyor assembly and method of digging a narrow trench |
| FR2736370B1 (en) * | 1995-07-05 | 1997-09-12 | Sdto | DEVICE FOR HOLLOWING TRENCHES AND DISCHARGING CUT-OUT |
-
1997
- 1997-11-05 DE DE19748761A patent/DE19748761A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-11-04 AU AU91338/98A patent/AU9133898A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-11-04 CN CN98123837.8A patent/CN1216799A/en active Pending
- 1998-11-05 ID IDP981447A patent/ID21210A/en unknown
- 1998-12-18 EP EP98124087A patent/EP1010818A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-12-22 CA CA002256802A patent/CA2256802A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1010818A1 (en) | 2000-06-21 |
| ID21210A (en) | 1999-05-06 |
| DE19748761A1 (en) | 1999-05-06 |
| AU9133898A (en) | 1999-06-03 |
| CN1216799A (en) | 1999-05-19 |
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| FZDE | Discontinued |