CA2256384A1 - Relaxation-resistant steel spring - Google Patents
Relaxation-resistant steel spring Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2256384A1 CA2256384A1 CA002256384A CA2256384A CA2256384A1 CA 2256384 A1 CA2256384 A1 CA 2256384A1 CA 002256384 A CA002256384 A CA 002256384A CA 2256384 A CA2256384 A CA 2256384A CA 2256384 A1 CA2256384 A1 CA 2256384A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- spring
- weight percentage
- steel
- wire
- steel spring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/02—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for springs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Springs (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention concerns a very strong steel spring having a bright surface which is free from residual dirt, the spring also being resistant to relaxation at high operating temperatures. A spring of this type is produced from a steel wire of the following composition: between 0.45 and 0.85 wt %
carbon; between 0.2 and 1.60 wt % silicon; between 0.3 and 1.50 wt %
manganese; between 0.4 and 1.2- wt % chromium; the remainder being iron and unavoidable impurities. The wire is austenitized and then treated isothermally at temperatures ranging from 450 to 650 ~C. The wire is then drawn to a tensile strength of between 1600 and 2300 N/mm2 at a contraction in area when breaking of at least 40 %. The wire is cold formed to produce a spring and is then stress-free annealed at temperatures ranging from 200 to 350 ~C.
carbon; between 0.2 and 1.60 wt % silicon; between 0.3 and 1.50 wt %
manganese; between 0.4 and 1.2- wt % chromium; the remainder being iron and unavoidable impurities. The wire is austenitized and then treated isothermally at temperatures ranging from 450 to 650 ~C. The wire is then drawn to a tensile strength of between 1600 and 2300 N/mm2 at a contraction in area when breaking of at least 40 %. The wire is cold formed to produce a spring and is then stress-free annealed at temperatures ranging from 200 to 350 ~C.
Description
08.11.98 l7:?1 ~RRP~T D P~E DR.SCHULZE ~ UOIGT ~ 6132328440 NR.~84 B0l5/0l7 .
.
FILE~ ~ T~S Ar' '~
Reb~tion~ ld steel spring The invention relates to a steel spring ~ossessing a goo~ relaxation rigidity atrelatively hi~h oper~ting temperatures Sprin~ of patented drau~n spring steel wires consisting of unalloyed car~on steels are known. Such spnngs are basically free of scales and residual impurities, however, they can be used at operating temperatures abo~e 80~C only to a ~imited extent. They are ~sed under highly reduced operating tensions~ which can be compensated by a bigger mass of the spring only, which again wil~ cause ~onsiderable econornical and constructive disadvantages as is well knc~wn, With regard to the rela~cation behaviour at higher operating temperatures, springs of oil-annealed unalloyed spring steel and valve spring wires show the same disadvantages. In addition, scales or other residuals attach due to the o~l finishing to the surface of the spring ~nd ~vill come off during the spring function thus possibly causin~ in sensitive operating are~s, e.g.
au~omatic gearboxes and fuel injection systems in motar vehicles, severe misfunctions or complete faill~re of such a~g~egates, Ttle application of springs made o~ steel spring wires alloyed with C:rV. SiCr and SiCrV is already known in the practical a~ tion for increasing the relax~tion ~hi3viour at higher operating temperatures. BoundarLy temp~ratures up to 1 60~C can be realized These alloyed steels also req~lire an oil annealing treatment. Thus, the same disadvantages ~s with the s~rings m~d~ af un~lloyed spring steels will arise, i e. residual scales s~tach to the s~rface, which - when comin~3 off as a consequen¢e of the sprin~ function - can result in failure of highly sensitive technical systems. A
further ~:~ntial disadva. .tag~ consists in the fact that the martensic structure res~ting from the annealing pro~ed~lre reacts extremely sensitive to ac:ids and surFace treatrnents cnnnected with hydrogen diffusions into the materi~l. The so-ci~lled hydrogen ~rittleness ~u~e~l by acid treatment or electroîytiC coating results in ~n e~rly fail~l~e of the spnng element and th~s leads to functional fatigue of cornplex and expenslve rnechanisms. Besides these functional disadv~nt~ges, the springs of this material group h~ve an essential technol~,3iG ?i disadv2~ntage. Afler bein!3 reshaped, such sprin~ elements must be imn~sdiate~y s n~5~ d to stress-r~lo~c anneaiing (temperingl. If thef~ is any time delay, internal tension cracks will result which cause early breakin~ of the spring elc.~le~ s) To rern~dy these disadvantages, springs of a~ustenitic non~,.udl.,g spring wires, e g of the type X 12 CfNi 17 7 have been dcv~?'c~. However, dl~e to the consid~rablyhigher alloying requirements and the technological particularities, unacceptably high material costs result fol~ the spring eiements.
JP-A 2057637 dis~loses a wire which is austeniti~tsd and isothermally held at 250 to S00~C, and which is then shaped into a spnng The arrest temperature o~ 250 to S00~C resuHs in a so called bainite tempenng with a bainit~ stru~ture of low ductility.
A subsequent drawing proc:edure, as would b~ d~sir~d fo~ obtaining an increased tensile slr~n~t~l, is accoding to this pnor a~t imp~.s$i'- 'e.
GB-A-22102~9 and EP-A-368638 f~rther r~isclose the manufacture of sprin~s made of oil ann~l~d spnng steelorto ~ porod ~teel, or~he te mpering of~pring~ for...cd of unhardeneJ wire.
/
CA 02256384 l998-ll-27 08.11.98 17:21 ~RPRT D PRE DR.SCHULZE & UOIGT ~ 613232844~ NR.684 ~016~017 PCTIDE 96J~0935 The invention is based on the problem to provide a highly strong wire spring which is -at incre~sed tern~eratures - ~elaxation ri~id, with a surface free of scales andimpurities, involving relatively low material costs.
This problem is solved aoc;or.Jit1g ~o the invention ~th the features of claim 1.
Advantageous t~ l.ocJi,I-ents ~esult from the sl~hc~ rns~
The invention i~ explained in rno~e detail in the following by means of two embodirnents.
Embodiment 1:
A relaxa~i~n rigi~ ~n~ heat resistan~ tension sprins~ having the following dimensions:
wir~ diamet~r 3.~ mm spnng body di~r"eter 41 5 mm length relaxed Lo~68 mm length ~nder tension Ll 384 mm L2570 mrn is produced from rolled steel with a diameter of 8 mm and the following composition:
0.68 weight ~r~:,.tag~ of carbon 1.48 weight p~roantage of silicium 0-5~ weight peroentage ~hromium 0.65 weigth percentage manganese and acco~,.panyin~ elements typical in steel.
This rolled steel i~ ~3usteni~ize~ at 900~C, isothermally transfofmed at 540~C and subsequently cold drawn to 3.6 mm. Thereby, a riyidity Rm of 1900 N/mm~ is obtained. This wire is completely auto---atic~lly shaped tn a tension sprin~ with the above-me.~lior.~J dimensions and then, in order to eliminate tensions, annealed at 300~C for one hour Re~Y~tion loss after ex~ i.,.,tiGn at L2 at 145~C in one hour: 4.8%
EmLodil..e..t 2;
A further exarnple refers to me m~nufacture of a h~31ic~1 press~ r~ spning. The tension spring of rolled steel with a .~idr..._t~r of ~.5 mm and a composition as in embodiment 1 is subjected to an an~u~ heat and cold dra~ving treatrnent thus prod~cing a pressure spring for a fuel i. ~j~lion pump with the fc "~,;. Iy spring data wire diarneter 1 4 mm outer diame~er 7.3 m-n length relaxec1 25.4 rnm rel~ icin exzn,ination ~t L2 ~ 15.4 mm and 1 50~C for twelve hours 3 5%
.
FILE~ ~ T~S Ar' '~
Reb~tion~ ld steel spring The invention relates to a steel spring ~ossessing a goo~ relaxation rigidity atrelatively hi~h oper~ting temperatures Sprin~ of patented drau~n spring steel wires consisting of unalloyed car~on steels are known. Such spnngs are basically free of scales and residual impurities, however, they can be used at operating temperatures abo~e 80~C only to a ~imited extent. They are ~sed under highly reduced operating tensions~ which can be compensated by a bigger mass of the spring only, which again wil~ cause ~onsiderable econornical and constructive disadvantages as is well knc~wn, With regard to the rela~cation behaviour at higher operating temperatures, springs of oil-annealed unalloyed spring steel and valve spring wires show the same disadvantages. In addition, scales or other residuals attach due to the o~l finishing to the surface of the spring ~nd ~vill come off during the spring function thus possibly causin~ in sensitive operating are~s, e.g.
au~omatic gearboxes and fuel injection systems in motar vehicles, severe misfunctions or complete faill~re of such a~g~egates, Ttle application of springs made o~ steel spring wires alloyed with C:rV. SiCr and SiCrV is already known in the practical a~ tion for increasing the relax~tion ~hi3viour at higher operating temperatures. BoundarLy temp~ratures up to 1 60~C can be realized These alloyed steels also req~lire an oil annealing treatment. Thus, the same disadvantages ~s with the s~rings m~d~ af un~lloyed spring steels will arise, i e. residual scales s~tach to the s~rface, which - when comin~3 off as a consequen¢e of the sprin~ function - can result in failure of highly sensitive technical systems. A
further ~:~ntial disadva. .tag~ consists in the fact that the martensic structure res~ting from the annealing pro~ed~lre reacts extremely sensitive to ac:ids and surFace treatrnents cnnnected with hydrogen diffusions into the materi~l. The so-ci~lled hydrogen ~rittleness ~u~e~l by acid treatment or electroîytiC coating results in ~n e~rly fail~l~e of the spnng element and th~s leads to functional fatigue of cornplex and expenslve rnechanisms. Besides these functional disadv~nt~ges, the springs of this material group h~ve an essential technol~,3iG ?i disadv2~ntage. Afler bein!3 reshaped, such sprin~ elements must be imn~sdiate~y s n~5~ d to stress-r~lo~c anneaiing (temperingl. If thef~ is any time delay, internal tension cracks will result which cause early breakin~ of the spring elc.~le~ s) To rern~dy these disadvantages, springs of a~ustenitic non~,.udl.,g spring wires, e g of the type X 12 CfNi 17 7 have been dcv~?'c~. However, dl~e to the consid~rablyhigher alloying requirements and the technological particularities, unacceptably high material costs result fol~ the spring eiements.
JP-A 2057637 dis~loses a wire which is austeniti~tsd and isothermally held at 250 to S00~C, and which is then shaped into a spnng The arrest temperature o~ 250 to S00~C resuHs in a so called bainite tempenng with a bainit~ stru~ture of low ductility.
A subsequent drawing proc:edure, as would b~ d~sir~d fo~ obtaining an increased tensile slr~n~t~l, is accoding to this pnor a~t imp~.s$i'- 'e.
GB-A-22102~9 and EP-A-368638 f~rther r~isclose the manufacture of sprin~s made of oil ann~l~d spnng steelorto ~ porod ~teel, or~he te mpering of~pring~ for...cd of unhardeneJ wire.
/
CA 02256384 l998-ll-27 08.11.98 17:21 ~RPRT D PRE DR.SCHULZE & UOIGT ~ 613232844~ NR.684 ~016~017 PCTIDE 96J~0935 The invention is based on the problem to provide a highly strong wire spring which is -at incre~sed tern~eratures - ~elaxation ri~id, with a surface free of scales andimpurities, involving relatively low material costs.
This problem is solved aoc;or.Jit1g ~o the invention ~th the features of claim 1.
Advantageous t~ l.ocJi,I-ents ~esult from the sl~hc~ rns~
The invention i~ explained in rno~e detail in the following by means of two embodirnents.
Embodiment 1:
A relaxa~i~n rigi~ ~n~ heat resistan~ tension sprins~ having the following dimensions:
wir~ diamet~r 3.~ mm spnng body di~r"eter 41 5 mm length relaxed Lo~68 mm length ~nder tension Ll 384 mm L2570 mrn is produced from rolled steel with a diameter of 8 mm and the following composition:
0.68 weight ~r~:,.tag~ of carbon 1.48 weight p~roantage of silicium 0-5~ weight peroentage ~hromium 0.65 weigth percentage manganese and acco~,.panyin~ elements typical in steel.
This rolled steel i~ ~3usteni~ize~ at 900~C, isothermally transfofmed at 540~C and subsequently cold drawn to 3.6 mm. Thereby, a riyidity Rm of 1900 N/mm~ is obtained. This wire is completely auto---atic~lly shaped tn a tension sprin~ with the above-me.~lior.~J dimensions and then, in order to eliminate tensions, annealed at 300~C for one hour Re~Y~tion loss after ex~ i.,.,tiGn at L2 at 145~C in one hour: 4.8%
EmLodil..e..t 2;
A further exarnple refers to me m~nufacture of a h~31ic~1 press~ r~ spning. The tension spring of rolled steel with a .~idr..._t~r of ~.5 mm and a composition as in embodiment 1 is subjected to an an~u~ heat and cold dra~ving treatrnent thus prod~cing a pressure spring for a fuel i. ~j~lion pump with the fc "~,;. Iy spring data wire diarneter 1 4 mm outer diame~er 7.3 m-n length relaxec1 25.4 rnm rel~ icin exzn,ination ~t L2 ~ 15.4 mm and 1 50~C for twelve hours 3 5%
Claims (5)
1. Relaxation rigid steel spring with high rigidity, characterized in that it is produced from a steel wire with the composition of a) 0.45 to 0 85 weight precentage carbon 0.2 to 1.60 weight percentage silicium 0 3 to 1.5 weight percentage manganese 0.4 to 1.2 weight percentage chromium, as well as optionally in addition b) 0.05 to 0.30 weight percentage vanadium addition and/or c) 0.005 to 0.05 weight percentage titanium.
0.01 to 0.2 weight percentage niobium and/or tantalum, 0.05 to 0.5 weight percentage molybdenum and/or d) the complete or partial replacement of the elements chromium and silicium with 0.003 to 0.01 weight percentage boron e) as well as iron and unavoidable additions, wherein said steel wire f) is autensitized and then isothermally heat-treated in the temperature range between 450 and 650°C, g) then drawn to a tension rigidity of 1600 to 2300 N/mm2 at a breaking reduction of at least 40%, h) cold shaped to a spring, and i) finally annealed such as to release stresses within a temperature range from 200 to 350°C.
0.01 to 0.2 weight percentage niobium and/or tantalum, 0.05 to 0.5 weight percentage molybdenum and/or d) the complete or partial replacement of the elements chromium and silicium with 0.003 to 0.01 weight percentage boron e) as well as iron and unavoidable additions, wherein said steel wire f) is autensitized and then isothermally heat-treated in the temperature range between 450 and 650°C, g) then drawn to a tension rigidity of 1600 to 2300 N/mm2 at a breaking reduction of at least 40%, h) cold shaped to a spring, and i) finally annealed such as to release stresses within a temperature range from 200 to 350°C.
2. Steel spring according to claim 1, characterized in that said spring has a helical shape.
3. Steel spring according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the average spring core diameter is equal to or smaller than four times the wire diameter.
4. Steel spring according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said spring is shot-peened in order to increase its durability
5. Steel spring according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said spring is preloaded by excessive elastic shaping optionally at room temperature and/or at temperatures up to 400°C.
*) hot set
*) hot set
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE1996/000935 WO1997045565A1 (en) | 1996-05-29 | 1996-05-29 | Relaxation-resistant steel spring |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2256384A1 true CA2256384A1 (en) | 1997-12-04 |
Family
ID=6918350
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002256384A Abandoned CA2256384A1 (en) | 1996-05-29 | 1996-05-29 | Relaxation-resistant steel spring |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0906453B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE204612T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU5810896A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2256384A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59607551D1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997045565A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109161629A (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2019-01-08 | 敬业钢铁有限公司 | A kind of LF refining method of spring steel |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11002099B2 (en) | 2017-03-28 | 2021-05-11 | National Oilwell DHT, L.P. | Valves for actuating downhole shock tools in connection with concentric drive systems |
| CN107557671B (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2019-05-14 | 山东汽车弹簧厂淄博有限公司 | Microalloying spring steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN107587079B (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2019-05-14 | 山东汽车弹簧厂淄博有限公司 | Nitrogenous microalloying spring steel and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE404703C (en) * | 1976-09-20 | 1986-06-23 | Garphytte Bruk Ab | VALVE SPRING ROW OF LAYER ALLOY STEEL |
| JPS5925024B2 (en) * | 1980-06-26 | 1984-06-13 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | steel for suspension springs |
| JPH0796697B2 (en) * | 1986-10-24 | 1995-10-18 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | High strength spring steel |
| JP2613601B2 (en) * | 1987-09-25 | 1997-05-28 | 日産自動車株式会社 | High strength spring |
| JPH0257637A (en) * | 1988-08-23 | 1990-02-27 | Nippon Steel Corp | Manufacture of spring with high fatigue strength and steel wire for spring for use therein |
| CA2002138C (en) * | 1988-11-08 | 1999-12-14 | Susumu Yamamoto | High-strength coil spring and method of producing same |
| JPH02240240A (en) * | 1989-03-10 | 1990-09-25 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | Diaphragm spring of clutch for automobile use |
-
1996
- 1996-05-29 EP EP96919601A patent/EP0906453B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-29 CA CA002256384A patent/CA2256384A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-05-29 DE DE59607551T patent/DE59607551D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-29 AU AU58108/96A patent/AU5810896A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-05-29 AT AT96919601T patent/ATE204612T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-05-29 WO PCT/DE1996/000935 patent/WO1997045565A1/en active IP Right Grant
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109161629A (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2019-01-08 | 敬业钢铁有限公司 | A kind of LF refining method of spring steel |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1997045565A1 (en) | 1997-12-04 |
| EP0906453A1 (en) | 1999-04-07 |
| ATE204612T1 (en) | 2001-09-15 |
| EP0906453B1 (en) | 2001-08-22 |
| DE59607551D1 (en) | 2001-09-27 |
| AU5810896A (en) | 1998-01-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |