CA2255423A1 - Method of identifying high immune response animals - Google Patents
Method of identifying high immune response animals Download PDFInfo
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- CA2255423A1 CA2255423A1 CA 2255423 CA2255423A CA2255423A1 CA 2255423 A1 CA2255423 A1 CA 2255423A1 CA 2255423 CA2255423 CA 2255423 CA 2255423 A CA2255423 A CA 2255423A CA 2255423 A1 CA2255423 A1 CA 2255423A1
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- parturition
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6854—Immunoglobulins
Abstract
The invention relates to a method and use of a method of identifying high immune response animals under stress. The animals are identified by a ranking procedure that classifies the animal's immune response to an antigen over a period of time that spans the stress.
Claims (98)
1. A method of ranking the immune response of a test animal within a population of animals under stress comprising:
(a) immunizing the animals with at least one antigen at least once before onset of the stress; and (b) for each of the animals within the population, measuring an antibody response to the at least one antigen at least once before the onset of the stress and at least once during the stress, wherein an antibody response from the test animal that is greater than the average antibody response of the populationduring the stress indicates that the test animal is a high immune responder.
(a) immunizing the animals with at least one antigen at least once before onset of the stress; and (b) for each of the animals within the population, measuring an antibody response to the at least one antigen at least once before the onset of the stress and at least once during the stress, wherein an antibody response from the test animal that is greater than the average antibody response of the populationduring the stress indicates that the test animal is a high immune responder.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the stress is selected from the group consisting of: weaning, castration, dehorning, branding, shipping, change in ration, social disruption, restraint, periparturition, and exercise.
3. A method according to claim 2 wherein the stress is periparturition.
4. A method of ranking the immune response of a test animal within a population of animals under stress comprising:
(a) immunizing the animals with at least one antigen at least once before onset of the stress and at least once during the stress; and (b) for each of the animals within the population, measuring an antibody response to the at least one antigen at least once before the onset of the stress and at least once during the stress, wherein an antibody response from the test animal that is greater than the average antibody response of the population during the stress indicates that the test animal is a high immune responder.
(a) immunizing the animals with at least one antigen at least once before onset of the stress and at least once during the stress; and (b) for each of the animals within the population, measuring an antibody response to the at least one antigen at least once before the onset of the stress and at least once during the stress, wherein an antibody response from the test animal that is greater than the average antibody response of the population during the stress indicates that the test animal is a high immune responder.
5. A method according to claim 4 wherein the stress is selected from the group consisting of: weaning, castration, dehorning, branding, shipping, change in ration, social disruption, restraint, periparturition, and exercise.
6. A method according to claim 3 or 5 wherein the stress is periparturition.
7. A method according to claim 6 wherein the animal is selected from the group consisting of bovine, equine, swine, poultry, and fish.
8. A method according to claim 7 wherein the animal is bovine.
9. A method according to claim 8 wherein the bovine is selected from the group consisting of multiparous cow and primiparous cow.
10. A method according to claim 9 wherein the bovine is a primiparous cow.
11. A method according to claim 9 wherein the measuring the antibody response at least once before the stress is at about 8 weeks before parturition and the measuring the antibody responses at least once during the stress is at about 3 weeks before parturition and at about parturition.
12. A method according to claim 9 wherein the measuring the antibody response at least once before the stress is at about 8 weeks before parturition and the measuring the antibody response at least once during the stress is at about 3 weeks before parturition and at about parturition, and at about 3 weeks after parturition.
13. A method according to claim 9 wherein the immunizing the animals at least once before the onset of the stress is at about 8 weeks and the immunizing the animals at least once during the stress is at about 3 weeks before parturition.
14. A method according to claim 9 wherein the immunizing the animals at least once before the onset of the stress is at about 8 weeks before parturition and the immunizing the animals at least once during the stress is at about 3 weeks before parturition and at about parturition.
15. A method according to claim 3 or 5 wherein the antigen is selected from the group consisting of hen egg white lysozyme, human serum albumin, tyrosine-glycine-alanine-lysine polymer, and ovalbumin.
16. A method according to claim 15 wherein the antigen is ovalbumin.
17. A method according to claim 3 or 5 wherein the antigen is formulated into a vaccine.
18. A method according to claim 3 or 5 wherein the source for measuring antibody response is selected from the group consisting of milk and blood.
19. A method of ranking the immune response of a test animal within a population of animals under the stress of periparturition comprising:
(a) immunizing the animals with at least one antigen at least once before onset of the stress and at least once during the stress; and (b) for each of the animals within the population, measuring an antibody response to the at least one antigen at least once before the onset of the stress and at least three times during the stress, and at least once after the stress, (c) calculating the mathematical index of the antibody response wherein the mathematical index is: y=primary response + secondary response + tertiary response + quaternary response wherein, (i) y is the total antibody response;
(ii) the primary response is the difference in antibody quantity at a first period of time preperipartum and at a second period of time prepartum, wherein the animal is immunized at the first period of time preparipartum;
(iii) the secondary response is the difference in antibody quantity at the second period of time prepartum and at about parturition, wherein the animal is immunized at the second period of time prepartum;
(iv) the tertiary response is the difference in antibody quantity at about parturition and at a first period of time postpartum, wherein the animal is immunized at about parturition; and (v) the quaternary response is the difference in antibody quantity at the first period of time postpartum and a second period of time post peripartum, wherein animals exhibiting negative secondary or tertiary responses are weighted with a positive coefficient and the test animal having a y value greater than about one standard deviation above the average of the population is a high immune responder.
(a) immunizing the animals with at least one antigen at least once before onset of the stress and at least once during the stress; and (b) for each of the animals within the population, measuring an antibody response to the at least one antigen at least once before the onset of the stress and at least three times during the stress, and at least once after the stress, (c) calculating the mathematical index of the antibody response wherein the mathematical index is: y=primary response + secondary response + tertiary response + quaternary response wherein, (i) y is the total antibody response;
(ii) the primary response is the difference in antibody quantity at a first period of time preperipartum and at a second period of time prepartum, wherein the animal is immunized at the first period of time preparipartum;
(iii) the secondary response is the difference in antibody quantity at the second period of time prepartum and at about parturition, wherein the animal is immunized at the second period of time prepartum;
(iv) the tertiary response is the difference in antibody quantity at about parturition and at a first period of time postpartum, wherein the animal is immunized at about parturition; and (v) the quaternary response is the difference in antibody quantity at the first period of time postpartum and a second period of time post peripartum, wherein animals exhibiting negative secondary or tertiary responses are weighted with a positive coefficient and the test animal having a y value greater than about one standard deviation above the average of the population is a high immune responder.
20. A method according to claim 19 wherein the positive coefficient is about 1.5.
21. A method according to claim 19 wherein the stress is selected from the group consisting of: weaning, castration, dehorning, branding, shipping, change in ration, social disruption, restraint, periparturition, and exercise.
22. A method according to claim 21 wherein the stress is periparturition.
23. A method according to claim 22 wherein the animal is selected from the group consisting of bovine, equine, swine, poultry and fish.
24. A method according to claim 23 wherein the animal is bovine.
25. A method according to claim 24 wherein the bovine is selected from the group consisting of multiparous cow and primiparous cow.
26. A method according to claim 25 wherein the bovine is a primiparous cow.
27. A method according to claim 22 wherein the antigen is selected from the group consisting of hen egg white lysozyme, human serum albumin, tyrosine-glycine-alanine-lysine copolymer, and ovalbumin.
28. A method according to claim 27 wherein the antigen is ovalbumin.
29. A method according to claim 22 wherein the antigen is formulated into a vaccine.
30. A method according to claim 22 wherein the source for measuring antibody response is selected from the group consisting of milk and blood.
31. A method of ranking the immune response of a test animal within a population of animals under stress comprising:
(a) immunizing the animals with at least one antigen at least once before onset of the stress;
(b) for each of the animals within the population, measuring antibody response to the at least one antigen at least once before the onset of the stress and at least once during the stress;
(c) exposing the animals to an antigen which can evoke a cell mediated immune response (CMIR); and (d) measuring at least one indicator of the CMIRof each animal during the stress, wherein the measurement of the indicator is combined with the measurement of the antibody response to provide an immune response and a test animal having an immune response greater than the average immune response of the population indicates that the test animal is a high immune responder.
(a) immunizing the animals with at least one antigen at least once before onset of the stress;
(b) for each of the animals within the population, measuring antibody response to the at least one antigen at least once before the onset of the stress and at least once during the stress;
(c) exposing the animals to an antigen which can evoke a cell mediated immune response (CMIR); and (d) measuring at least one indicator of the CMIRof each animal during the stress, wherein the measurement of the indicator is combined with the measurement of the antibody response to provide an immune response and a test animal having an immune response greater than the average immune response of the population indicates that the test animal is a high immune responder.
32. A method according to claim 31 wherein the stress is selected from the group consisting of: weaning, castration, dehorning, branding, shipping, change in ration, social disruption, restraint, periparturition, and exercise.
33. A method according to claim 32 wherein the stress is periparturition.
34. A method according to claim 33 wherein the animal is selected from the group consisting of bovine, equine, swine, poultry and fish.
35. A method according to claim 34 wherein the animal is bovine.
36. A method according to claim 35 wherein the bovine is selected from the group consisting of multiparous cow and primiparous cow.
37. A method according to claim 36 wherein the bovine is a primiparous cow.
38. A method according to claim 36 wherein the measuring the antibody response at least once before the stress is at about 8 weeks before parturition and the measuring the antibody responses at least once during the stress is at about 3 weeks before parturition and at about parturition.
39. A method according to claim 36 wherein the measuring the antibody response at least once before the stress is at about 8 weeks before parturition and the measuring the antibody response at least once during the stress is at about 3 weeks before parturition and at about parturition, and at about 3 weeks after parturition.
40. A method according to claim 36 wherein the immunizing the animals at least once before the onset of the stress is at about 8 weeks before parturition and the immunizing the animals at least once during the stress is at about 3 weeks before parturition.
41. A method according to claim 36 wherein the immunizing the animals at least once before the onset of the stress is at about 8 weeks before parturition and the immunizing the animals at least once during the stress is at about 3 weeks before parturition and at about parturition.
42. A method according to claim 33 wherein the antigen is selected from the group consisting of hen egg white lysozyme, human serum albumin, tyrosine-glycine-alanine-lysine copolymer, and ovalbumin.
43. A method according to claim 42 wherein the antigen is ovalbumin.
44. A method according to claim 33 wherein the antigen is formulated into a vaccine.
45. A method according to claim 33 wherein the source for measuring antibody response is selected from the group consisting of milk and blood.
46. The method according to claim 33 wherein the indicator is selected from the group consisting of cytokines; delayed type hypersensitivity; and in vitro lymphocyte proliferation to at least one antigen.
47. The method of claim 46 wherein the indicator is in vitro lymphocyte proliferation to at least one antigen.
48. The method of claim 47 wherein the source for the lymphocytes is selected from the group consisting of milk and blood.
49. A method of ranking the immune response of a test animal within a population of animals under stress comprising:
(a) immunizing the animals with at least one antigen at least once before onset of the stress;
(b) for each of the animals within the population, measuring antibody response to the at least one antigen at least once before the onset of the stress and at least once during the stress;
(c) exposing the animals to an antigen which can evoke a cell mediated immune response (CMIR);
(d) measuring at least one indicator of the CMIRof each animal of the population during the stress; and (e) calculating the mathematical index of the antibody response and CMIR wherein the mathematical index is: y=primary antibody response + secondary antibody response + tertiary antibody response + quaternary antibody response + CMIR wherein, (i) y is the total antibody response;
(ii) the primary response is the difference in antibody quantity at a first period of time preperipartum and at a second period of time prepartum, wherein the animal is immunized at the first period of time preparipartum;
(iii) the secondary response is the difference in antibody quantity at the second period of time prepartum and at about parturition, wherein the animal is immunized at the second period of time prepartum;
(iv) the tertiary response is the difference in antibody quantity at about parturition and at a first period of time postpartum, wherein the animal is immunized at about parturition; and (v) the quaternary response is the difference in antibody quantity at the first period of time postpartum and a second period of time post peripartum, and (vi) CMIR is the measurement obtained from at least one method of determining CMIR, wherein animals exhibiting negative secondary or tertiary antibody responses are weighted with a positive coefficient and a test animal having a y value greater than about one standard deviation above the average of the population is a high immune responder.
(a) immunizing the animals with at least one antigen at least once before onset of the stress;
(b) for each of the animals within the population, measuring antibody response to the at least one antigen at least once before the onset of the stress and at least once during the stress;
(c) exposing the animals to an antigen which can evoke a cell mediated immune response (CMIR);
(d) measuring at least one indicator of the CMIRof each animal of the population during the stress; and (e) calculating the mathematical index of the antibody response and CMIR wherein the mathematical index is: y=primary antibody response + secondary antibody response + tertiary antibody response + quaternary antibody response + CMIR wherein, (i) y is the total antibody response;
(ii) the primary response is the difference in antibody quantity at a first period of time preperipartum and at a second period of time prepartum, wherein the animal is immunized at the first period of time preparipartum;
(iii) the secondary response is the difference in antibody quantity at the second period of time prepartum and at about parturition, wherein the animal is immunized at the second period of time prepartum;
(iv) the tertiary response is the difference in antibody quantity at about parturition and at a first period of time postpartum, wherein the animal is immunized at about parturition; and (v) the quaternary response is the difference in antibody quantity at the first period of time postpartum and a second period of time post peripartum, and (vi) CMIR is the measurement obtained from at least one method of determining CMIR, wherein animals exhibiting negative secondary or tertiary antibody responses are weighted with a positive coefficient and a test animal having a y value greater than about one standard deviation above the average of the population is a high immune responder.
50. A method according to claim 49 wherein the positive coefficient is about 1.5.
51. A method according to claim 49 wherein the stress is selected from the group consisting of: weaning, castration, dehorning, branding, shipping, change in ration, social disruption, restraint, periparturition, and exercise.
52. A method according to claim 51 wherein the stress is periparturition.
53. A method according to claim 52 wherein the animal is selected from the group consisting of bovine, equine, swine, poultry and fish.
54. A method according to claim 53 wherein the animal is bovine.
55. A method according to claim 54 wherein the bovine is selected from the group consisting of multiparous cow and primiparous cow.
56. A method according to claim 55 wherein the bovine is a primiparous cow.
57. A method according to claim 52 wherein the antigen is selected from the group consisting of hen egg white lysozyme, human serum albumin, tyrosine-glycine-alanine-lysine copolymer, and ovalbumin.
58. A method according to claim 57 wherein the antigen is ovalbumin.
59. A method according to claim 52 wherein the antigen is formulated into a vaccine.
60. A method according to claim 52 wherein the source for measuring antibody response is selected from the group consisting of milk and blood.
61. The method according to claim 52 wherein the indicator is selected from the group consisting of cytokines; delayed type hypersensitivity; and in vitro lymphocyte proliferation to at least one antigen.
62. The method of claim 61 wherein the indicator is in vitro lymphocyte proliferation to at least one antigen.
63. The method of claim 62 wherein the source for the lymphocytes is selected from the group consisting of milk and blood.
64. The use of a method according to claim 1, 4, or 31 to identify animals that are selected from the group consisting of: animals that are less susceptible to developing a peripartum disease wherein antibody quantity and quality are relevant host resistance factors; animals that are less susceptible to developing a peripartum disease wherein antibody quantity and quality and CMIR mediate broad-based disease resistance;
animals with increased growth hormone; and animals with increased IGF-1 outside the peripartum period and with decreased IGF-1 inside the peripartum period.
animals with increased growth hormone; and animals with increased IGF-1 outside the peripartum period and with decreased IGF-1 inside the peripartum period.
65. A use according to claim 64 wherein the animal is selected from the group consisting of bovine, equine, swine, poultry and fish.
66. A use according to claim 65 wherein the animal is bovine.
67. A use according to claim 66 wherein the bovine is selected from the group consisting of multiparous cow and primiparous cow.
68. A use according to claim 67 wherein the bovine is a primiparous cow.
69. A use according to claim 67 wherein the measuring the antibody response at least once before the stress is at about 8 weeks before parturition and the measuring the antibody responses at least once during the stress is at about 3 weeks before parturition and at about parturition.
70. A use according to claim 67 wherein the measuring the antibody response at least once before the stress is at about 8 weeks before parturition and the measuring the antibody response at least once during the stress is at about 3 weeks before parturition and at about parturition, and at about 3 weeks after parturition.
71. A use according to claim 67 wherein the immunizing the animals at least once before the onset of the stress is at about 8 weeks before parturition and the immunizing the animals at least once during the stress is at about 3 weeks before parturition.
72. A use according to claim 67 wherein the immunizing the animals at least once before the onset of the stress is at about 8 weeks before parturition and the immunizing the animals at least once during the stress is at about 3 weeks before parturition and at about parturition.
73. A use according to claim 67 wherein the antigen is selected from the group consisting of hen egg white lysozyme, human serum albumin, tyrosine-glycine-alanine-lysine copolymer, and ovalbumin.
74. A use according to claim 73 wherein the antigen is ovalbumin.
75. A use according to claim 67 wherein the antigen is formulated into a vaccine.
76. A method according to claim 67 wherein the source for measuring antibody response is selected from the group consisting of milk and blood.
77. The use of claim 64 wherein the animals identified are the animals that are less susceptible to developing a peripartum disease wherein antibody quantity and quality are relevant host resistance factors and the peripartum disease is mastitis.
78. The use of a method according to claim 31 to identify animals that are selected from the group consisting of: animals that are less susceptible to developing a peripartum disease wherein antibody quantity and quality are relevant host resistance factors; animals that are less susceptible to developing a peripartum disease wherein antibody quantity and quality and CMIR mediate broad-based disease resistance;
animals with increased growth hormone; and animals with increased IGF-1 outside the peripartum period and with decreased IGF-1 inside the peripartum period.
animals with increased growth hormone; and animals with increased IGF-1 outside the peripartum period and with decreased IGF-1 inside the peripartum period.
79. The use according to claim 78 wherein the indicator is selected from the group consisting of cytokines; delayed type hypersensitivity; and in vitro lymphocyte proliferation to at least one antigen.
80. The use of claim 79 wherein the indicator is in vitro lymphocyte proliferation to at least one antigen.
81. The use of claim 80 wherein the source for the lymphocytes is selected from the group consisting of milk and blood.
82. The use of claim 78 wherein the animals identified are the animals that are less susceptible to developing a peripartum disease wherein antibody quantity and quality are relevant host resistance factors and the peripartum disease is mastitis.
83. The use of a method according to claim 19 or 49 to identify animals that are selected from the group consisting of: animals that are less susceptible to developing a peripartum disease wherein antibody quantity and quality are relevant host resistance factors; animals that are less susceptible to developing a peripartum disease wherein antibody quantity and quality and CMIR mediate broad-based disease resistance;
animals with increased growth hormone; and animals with increased IGF-1 outside the peripartum period and with decreased IGF-1 inside the peripartum period.
animals with increased growth hormone; and animals with increased IGF-1 outside the peripartum period and with decreased IGF-1 inside the peripartum period.
84. A use according to claim 83 where the positive coefficient is about 1.5.
85. A use according to claim 83 wherein the animal is selected from the group consisting of bovine, equine, swine, poultry and fish.
86. A use according to claim 85 wherein the animal is bovine.
87. A use according to claim 86 wherein the bovine is selected from the group consisting of multiparous cow and primiparous cow.
88. A use according to claim 87 wherein the bovine is a primiparous cow.
89. A use according to claim 88 wherein the antigen is selected from the group consisting of hen egg white lysozyme, human serum albumin, tyrosine-glycine-alanine-lysine copolymer, and ovalbumin.
90. A use according to claim 89 wherein the antigen is ovalbumin.
91. A use according to claim 88 wherein the antigen is formulated into a vaccine.
92. A use according to claim 88 wherein the source for measuring antibody response is selected from the group consisting of milk and blood.
93. A use of claim 83 wherein the animals identified are the animals that are less susceptible to developing a peripartum disease wherein antibody quantity and quality are relevant host resistance factors and the peripartum disease is mastitis.
94. A use of a method according to claim 49 to identify animals that are selected from the group consisting of: animals that are less susceptible to developing a peripartum disease wherein antibody quantity and quality are relevant host resistance factors; animals that are less susceptible to developing a peripartum disease wherein antibody quantity and quality and CMIR mediate broad-based disease resistance; animals with increased growth hormone; and animals with increased IGF-1 outside the peripartum period and with decreased IGF-1 inside the peripartum period.
95. A use according to claim 94 wherein the indicator is selected from the group consisting of cytokines; delayed type hypersensitivity; and in vitro lymphocyte proliferation to at least one antigen.
96. A use of claim 95 wherein the indicator is in vitro lymphocyte proliferation to at least one antigen.
97. A use of claim 96 wherein the source for the lymphocytes is selected from the group consisting of milk and blood.
98. The use of claim 94 wherein the animals identified are the animals that are less susceptible to developing a peripartum disease wherein antibody quantity and quality are relevant host resistance factors and the peripartum disease is mastitis.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2255423 CA2255423C (en) | 1998-12-10 | 1998-12-10 | Method of identifying high immune response animals |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2255423 CA2255423C (en) | 1998-12-10 | 1998-12-10 | Method of identifying high immune response animals |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CA2255423A1 true CA2255423A1 (en) | 2000-06-10 |
| CA2255423C CA2255423C (en) | 2010-08-03 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CA 2255423 Expired - Lifetime CA2255423C (en) | 1998-12-10 | 1998-12-10 | Method of identifying high immune response animals |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7258858B2 (en) * | 1997-12-24 | 2007-08-21 | University Of Guelph | Method of identifying high immune response animals |
| CN102524168A (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2012-07-04 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Comprehensive assessment selection method of disease resistance of egg-laying ducks |
-
1998
- 1998-12-10 CA CA 2255423 patent/CA2255423C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7258858B2 (en) * | 1997-12-24 | 2007-08-21 | University Of Guelph | Method of identifying high immune response animals |
| CN102524168A (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2012-07-04 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Comprehensive assessment selection method of disease resistance of egg-laying ducks |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2255423C (en) | 2010-08-03 |
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