CA2255269A1 - Improvements in glazed roofs - Google Patents
Improvements in glazed roofs Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2255269A1 CA2255269A1 CA002255269A CA2255269A CA2255269A1 CA 2255269 A1 CA2255269 A1 CA 2255269A1 CA 002255269 A CA002255269 A CA 002255269A CA 2255269 A CA2255269 A CA 2255269A CA 2255269 A1 CA2255269 A1 CA 2255269A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- glazed roof
- aperture
- ridge
- roof
- cover
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
- E04D3/02—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant
- E04D3/06—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant of glass or other translucent material; Fixing means therefor
- E04D3/08—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant of glass or other translucent material; Fixing means therefor with metal glazing bars
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
- E04B7/02—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs
- E04B7/06—Constructions of roof intersections or hipped ends
- E04B7/063—Hipped ends
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/17—Ventilation of roof coverings not otherwise provided for
- E04D13/174—Ventilation of roof coverings not otherwise provided for on the ridge of the roof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F7/00—Ventilation
- F24F7/02—Roof ventilation
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
- E04B7/02—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs
- E04B7/06—Constructions of roof intersections or hipped ends
- E04B7/063—Hipped ends
- E04B2007/066—Hipped ends for conservatories
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
- E04D3/02—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant
- E04D3/06—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant of glass or other translucent material; Fixing means therefor
- E04D3/08—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant of glass or other translucent material; Fixing means therefor with metal glazing bars
- E04D2003/0868—Mutual connections and details of glazing bars
- E04D2003/0875—Mutual connections and details of glazing bars on the ridge of the roof or on intersecting roof parts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S52/00—Static structures, e.g. buildings
- Y10S52/17—Static structures, e.g. buildings with transparent walls or roof, e.g. sunroom
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Greenhouses (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
A glazed roof has a ridge and at least one free ridge end, a ventilation path being provided through a ridge end component.
Description
~RO'IE~VTS IN GLAZED ROOFS
This invention concerns improvements in glazed roofs.
The invention is particularly concerned with conservatory roofs and, more particularly, with means for ventilating conservatories. Conservatories are a popular addition to houses to pro~ride additional room with the attractions of being light and providing wide outwards viiews. Because conservatories are glazed extensively, there can be disadvantages, in that, when the weather is hot the conservatory interior can become very hot and when the weather is cold, the glazing is not able to retain heat.
As a consequence of the latter condensation can form on inner surfaces of a conservatory.
To combat these problems it is desirable to provide ventilation. One simple form of ventilation is to provide air passageways through the roof ridge of a conservatory, so that air can flow through the conservatory.
The ridge ventilation system does provide a large area over which rain ingress is possible i.e. along both sides of the ridge, where rain can splash upwards from roof glazing panels under a ridge cover and into the ridge beam. Therefore, rain baffles and other suitable seals have to be provided to prevent rain ingress into the conservatory itself.
An object of this invention is to provide an alternative ventilation system for a glazed roof structure.
According to this invention it is proposed that, for a glazed roof having a ridge and at least one free ridge end, a ventilation path be provided through a ridge end component.
Typically a Victorian or Edwardian style conservatory will have one or more ridge ends suitable for adoption oi-'the present invention. At such a ridge end glazing bars extend downwardly and radially, a cover sits over the ridge end and a decorative finial is mounted on the cover. In a preferred form of the invention it is proposed that a generally vertical ventilation tube be provided at the ridge end. Then a finial or other decorative cover may be fitted over the ventilation tube leaving a space between edges thereof through which air can escape.
A preferred form ~~f ridge end for a glazed roof according to the invention comprises a flange component of or mounted to a ridge beam end, the 'flange component being arranged to have ends of glazing bars connected thereto. The ventilation tube is preferably mounted through the flange component. In fact, the tube and flange could be made as a single component, such as a die cast component.
A cover for the roof ridge end preferably has an aperture therethrough for the ventilation tube and is preferably shaped to sit on the ventilation tube top.
The aperture preferably has a generally central slot connected by webs to sides of the aperture, the slot being arranged to receive a spigot or the like of a decorative component, such as a finial, whereby the decorative component ;sits on top of the ventilation tube but has its bottom edge spaced from the cover 1;o provide an air passageway therebetween.
Beneath the roof ridge end a cover panel is preferably provided. The cover panel preferably has an aperture into or over which the ventilation sits. Over the aperture there is preferably provided a hit and miss ventilator. Preferably the aperture is covered by a radially slotted cover with an associated rotatable slotted disc, whereby the disc can be rotated between a first position wherein respective slots of the cover and disc are aligned to allow air passage and a second position wherein solid parts of the disc align with slots of the aperture to prevent air passage.
This invention concerns improvements in glazed roofs.
The invention is particularly concerned with conservatory roofs and, more particularly, with means for ventilating conservatories. Conservatories are a popular addition to houses to pro~ride additional room with the attractions of being light and providing wide outwards viiews. Because conservatories are glazed extensively, there can be disadvantages, in that, when the weather is hot the conservatory interior can become very hot and when the weather is cold, the glazing is not able to retain heat.
As a consequence of the latter condensation can form on inner surfaces of a conservatory.
To combat these problems it is desirable to provide ventilation. One simple form of ventilation is to provide air passageways through the roof ridge of a conservatory, so that air can flow through the conservatory.
The ridge ventilation system does provide a large area over which rain ingress is possible i.e. along both sides of the ridge, where rain can splash upwards from roof glazing panels under a ridge cover and into the ridge beam. Therefore, rain baffles and other suitable seals have to be provided to prevent rain ingress into the conservatory itself.
An object of this invention is to provide an alternative ventilation system for a glazed roof structure.
According to this invention it is proposed that, for a glazed roof having a ridge and at least one free ridge end, a ventilation path be provided through a ridge end component.
Typically a Victorian or Edwardian style conservatory will have one or more ridge ends suitable for adoption oi-'the present invention. At such a ridge end glazing bars extend downwardly and radially, a cover sits over the ridge end and a decorative finial is mounted on the cover. In a preferred form of the invention it is proposed that a generally vertical ventilation tube be provided at the ridge end. Then a finial or other decorative cover may be fitted over the ventilation tube leaving a space between edges thereof through which air can escape.
A preferred form ~~f ridge end for a glazed roof according to the invention comprises a flange component of or mounted to a ridge beam end, the 'flange component being arranged to have ends of glazing bars connected thereto. The ventilation tube is preferably mounted through the flange component. In fact, the tube and flange could be made as a single component, such as a die cast component.
A cover for the roof ridge end preferably has an aperture therethrough for the ventilation tube and is preferably shaped to sit on the ventilation tube top.
The aperture preferably has a generally central slot connected by webs to sides of the aperture, the slot being arranged to receive a spigot or the like of a decorative component, such as a finial, whereby the decorative component ;sits on top of the ventilation tube but has its bottom edge spaced from the cover 1;o provide an air passageway therebetween.
Beneath the roof ridge end a cover panel is preferably provided. The cover panel preferably has an aperture into or over which the ventilation sits. Over the aperture there is preferably provided a hit and miss ventilator. Preferably the aperture is covered by a radially slotted cover with an associated rotatable slotted disc, whereby the disc can be rotated between a first position wherein respective slots of the cover and disc are aligned to allow air passage and a second position wherein solid parts of the disc align with slots of the aperture to prevent air passage.
The ventilation system of tlhe invention may be used for natural ventilation.
In other words when the ventilation passages are open warm air within a conservatory will rise and escape through the ventilation system. On the other hand forced ventilation may be possible with the ventilation system of the invention by providing an electrically operated fan or rotor within the ventilation tube to draw air through it from the conservatory.
The invention will now be further described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a partially exploded view from below of a conservatory ridge end with a ventilation system;
Figure 2 is a further exploded view from below of the conservatory ridge of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a partially exploded view from above of the conservatory ridge end of Figure 1;
Figure 4 is a further explodf;d view from above of the conservatory ridge and of Figure l; and Figure 5 is a section through the conservatory ridge end of Figure 1.
Referring to the accompanying drawings, the ridge end illustrated is typical of a so-called Victorian conservatory which has a ridge 10 with a decorative cresting 12 and a ridge end generally designated 14 from which glazing bars 19 extend radially and support glazing panels (not shown) therebet<veen.
The conservatory roof ridge end comprises a ridge beam 16 having a generally semi-circular ridge end plate 18 fixed thereto. The ridge end plate 18 slopes downwardly and has the glazing bars 19 attached thereto.
In other words when the ventilation passages are open warm air within a conservatory will rise and escape through the ventilation system. On the other hand forced ventilation may be possible with the ventilation system of the invention by providing an electrically operated fan or rotor within the ventilation tube to draw air through it from the conservatory.
The invention will now be further described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a partially exploded view from below of a conservatory ridge end with a ventilation system;
Figure 2 is a further exploded view from below of the conservatory ridge of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a partially exploded view from above of the conservatory ridge end of Figure 1;
Figure 4 is a further explodf;d view from above of the conservatory ridge and of Figure l; and Figure 5 is a section through the conservatory ridge end of Figure 1.
Referring to the accompanying drawings, the ridge end illustrated is typical of a so-called Victorian conservatory which has a ridge 10 with a decorative cresting 12 and a ridge end generally designated 14 from which glazing bars 19 extend radially and support glazing panels (not shown) therebet<veen.
The conservatory roof ridge end comprises a ridge beam 16 having a generally semi-circular ridge end plate 18 fixed thereto. The ridge end plate 18 slopes downwardly and has the glazing bars 19 attached thereto.
Over the ridge bearn 16 is a capping 20 and at the ridge end is a generally semi-circular capping 22. Extending through the ridge end plate 18 is a ventilation tube 24. The plate 18 and tube 24 may be; made as a one-piece die cast item. Space between ends of the glazing bars 19 and the ventilation tube 24 is sealed with foamed plastics material 26.
At its top the ventilation tube 24 extends through a circular aperture 28 in the capping 22. In the aperture 22 is a tube 30 with a closed bottom end connected by webs 32 to sides of the aperture 28. The tube 30 receives a spigot 34 from base 36 of finial 38, such that there is an air space between the bottom edge of the base 36 and the capping 22.
Beneath the ridge end is a cover plate 40. The cover plate has an aperture 42 into which the bottom end of tb~e ventilation tube 24 extends. Covering the aperture 42 is a ventilation grille 44 having a plurality of radial slots 46. Rotatably mounted above the grille 44 is a disc 48 itself having a plurality of radial slots, whereby alignment of the slots of the cover and of the disc 1>ermit air passage into and through the ventilation tube 24.
The ventilation tube 24 may be provided with an electrically operated fan or rotor to provide forced ventilation through tlse ventilation tube. Otherwise ventilation occurs by warmer air within the conservatory rising and passing through the ventilation tube.
At its top the ventilation tube 24 extends through a circular aperture 28 in the capping 22. In the aperture 22 is a tube 30 with a closed bottom end connected by webs 32 to sides of the aperture 28. The tube 30 receives a spigot 34 from base 36 of finial 38, such that there is an air space between the bottom edge of the base 36 and the capping 22.
Beneath the ridge end is a cover plate 40. The cover plate has an aperture 42 into which the bottom end of tb~e ventilation tube 24 extends. Covering the aperture 42 is a ventilation grille 44 having a plurality of radial slots 46. Rotatably mounted above the grille 44 is a disc 48 itself having a plurality of radial slots, whereby alignment of the slots of the cover and of the disc 1>ermit air passage into and through the ventilation tube 24.
The ventilation tube 24 may be provided with an electrically operated fan or rotor to provide forced ventilation through tlse ventilation tube. Otherwise ventilation occurs by warmer air within the conservatory rising and passing through the ventilation tube.
Claims (15)
1. A glazed roof having a ridge and at least one free ridge end, a ventilation path being provided through a ridge end component.
2. A glazed roof as claimed in claim 1, wherein a generally vertical ventilation tube is provided at the ridge end.
3. A glazed roof as claimed in claim 2, wherein a finial or other decorative cover fitted over the ventilation tube leaving a space between edges thereof through which air can escape.
4. A glazed roof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ridge end comprises a flange component of or mounted to a ridge beam end, the flange component being arranged to have ends of glazing bars connected thereto.
5. A glazed roof as claimed in claim 4, wherein a ventilation tube is mounted through the flange component.
6. A glazed roof as claimed in claim 5, wherein the tube and flange are a single component.
7. A glazed roof as claimed in claim 2, wherein a cover for the roof ridge end has an aperture therethrough for the ventilation tube.
8. A glazed roof as claimed in claim 7, wherein the ridge end cover is shaped to sit on the ventilation top.
9. A glazed roof as claimed in claim 7, wherein the aperture has a generally central slot connected by webs to sides of the aperture, the slot being arranged to receive a spigot or the like of a decorative component whereby the decorative component sits on top of the ventilation tube but has its bottom edge spaced from the cover to provide an air passageway therebetween.
10. A glazed roof as claimed in 2, wherein beneath the roof ridge end a cover panel is provided.
11. A glazed roof as claimed in claim 2, wherein the cover panel has an aperture into or over which the ventilation tube sits.
12. A glazed roof as claimed in claim 7, wherein over the aperture there is provided a hit and miss ventilator.
13. A glazed roof as claimed in claim 12, wherein the aperture is covered by a radially slotted cover with an associated rotatable slotted disc, whereby the disc can be rotated between a first position wherein respective slots of the cover and disc are aligned to allow air passage and a second passage wherein solid parts of the disc align with slots of the aperture to prevent air passage.
14. A glazed roof as claimed in claim 2, further comprising means for forced ventilation.
15. A glazed roof as claimed in claim 14 further comprising an electrically operated fan within the ventilation tube to draw air through it from the conservatory.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9812010.8 | 1998-06-05 | ||
| GBGB9812010.8A GB9812010D0 (en) | 1998-06-05 | 1998-06-05 | Improvements in glazed roofs |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2255269A1 true CA2255269A1 (en) | 1999-12-05 |
Family
ID=10833194
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002255269A Abandoned CA2255269A1 (en) | 1998-06-05 | 1998-12-02 | Improvements in glazed roofs |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2002517648A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1301324A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE290632T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU745194B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2255269A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69829319T2 (en) |
| HR (1) | HRP20000836A2 (en) |
| HU (1) | HUP0103787A2 (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA00012026A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ508542A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL344641A1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2208106C2 (en) |
| SK (1) | SK18552000A3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BR112013031508A2 (en) * | 2011-06-07 | 2016-12-13 | 3M Innovative Properties Co | system and method for managing a roof |
| CN106869389A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-06-20 | 北京善筑科技股份有限公司 | Pitched roof connector and the assembled architecture pitched roof system with the connector |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2223772A (en) * | 1988-08-23 | 1990-04-18 | Rodney Charles Flux | Conservatory |
| IE64975B1 (en) * | 1991-06-18 | 1995-09-20 | Thermal Profiles Accessories | Conservatories |
| FR2701279B1 (en) * | 1993-02-09 | 1995-04-28 | Hep | Improvement to the ventilation system of verandas, greenhouses, spas, swimming pool cover, etc. |
-
1998
- 1998-08-20 JP JP2000553681A patent/JP2002517648A/en active Pending
- 1998-08-20 RU RU2000133304/03A patent/RU2208106C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-08-20 PL PL98344641A patent/PL344641A1/en unknown
- 1998-08-20 HU HU0103787A patent/HUP0103787A2/en unknown
- 1998-08-20 CN CN98814159A patent/CN1301324A/en active Pending
- 1998-08-20 NZ NZ508542A patent/NZ508542A/en unknown
- 1998-08-20 AT AT98942841T patent/ATE290632T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-08-20 AU AU90821/98A patent/AU745194B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-08-20 DE DE69829319T patent/DE69829319T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-08-20 SK SK1855-2000A patent/SK18552000A3/en unknown
- 1998-08-20 MX MXPA00012026A patent/MXPA00012026A/en unknown
- 1998-12-02 CA CA002255269A patent/CA2255269A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2000
- 2000-12-04 HR HR20000836A patent/HRP20000836A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NZ508542A (en) | 2002-09-27 |
| DE69829319D1 (en) | 2005-04-14 |
| JP2002517648A (en) | 2002-06-18 |
| HRP20000836A2 (en) | 2001-12-31 |
| AU9082198A (en) | 1999-12-30 |
| PL344641A1 (en) | 2001-11-19 |
| MXPA00012026A (en) | 2003-10-15 |
| ATE290632T1 (en) | 2005-03-15 |
| AU745194B2 (en) | 2002-03-14 |
| SK18552000A3 (en) | 2001-06-11 |
| RU2208106C2 (en) | 2003-07-10 |
| CN1301324A (en) | 2001-06-27 |
| DE69829319T2 (en) | 2006-04-13 |
| HUP0103787A2 (en) | 2002-03-28 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US5782051A (en) | Water resistant louver | |
| CA2531538A1 (en) | Ventilation system | |
| CN113123537B (en) | Roof window system with ventilation unit mounted adjacent to roof window, method for providing and retrofitting the same, roof structure comprising the same | |
| US4438680A (en) | Greenhouse construction provided with special ridge for ventilation | |
| EP1084313B1 (en) | Improvements in glazed roofs | |
| US20050193671A1 (en) | Soffit structure | |
| AU745194B2 (en) | Improvements in glazed roofs | |
| GB2338057A (en) | Glazed roof ventilation | |
| WO1993025779A1 (en) | Ventilated ridge of a sloping glazed roof | |
| WO1993025779A9 (en) | Ventilated ridge of a sloping glazed roof | |
| JPH06221632A (en) | Ventilating device which changes its direction depending on wind direction | |
| US4607567A (en) | Greenhouse construction provided with special ridge for ventilation | |
| KR20190119375A (en) | Roof Monitor | |
| JPH07502084A (en) | ridge ventilation system | |
| JPH06147556A (en) | Air conditioner | |
| JPS6036814Y2 (en) | weather cover | |
| JP3698757B2 (en) | Large building facility | |
| JP2905464B2 (en) | Distribution fins in the roof of a ventilated house | |
| JPH042254Y2 (en) | ||
| GB2235282A (en) | Ridge members | |
| JP2000145064A (en) | Coping structure, and building ventilation structure | |
| KR200220146Y1 (en) | A vinyl plastic hothouse | |
| JP2872657B1 (en) | Exterior wall method for panel type building | |
| RU2074298C1 (en) | Illumination-exhaust device for cattle-breeding buildings | |
| JPS59109732A (en) | Ventilator of sunroom |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |