CA2244906A1 - Ink eradicator system - Google Patents
Ink eradicator system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2244906A1 CA2244906A1 CA 2244906 CA2244906A CA2244906A1 CA 2244906 A1 CA2244906 A1 CA 2244906A1 CA 2244906 CA2244906 CA 2244906 CA 2244906 A CA2244906 A CA 2244906A CA 2244906 A1 CA2244906 A1 CA 2244906A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- ink
- combination
- nitrogen compound
- basic nitrogen
- eradicator fluid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/16—Writing inks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D10/00—Correcting fluids, e.g. fluid media for correction of typographical errors by coating
Abstract
An ink/eradicator fluid combination includes an ink containing a dye and a binding agent, and an eradicator fluid containing a basic nitrogen compound.
The binding agent is capable of binding to the basic nitrogen compound.
The binding agent is capable of binding to the basic nitrogen compound.
Description
W O 97131070 PCT~US97/030Sl T~K li~RZ~nIcATOR ~Y~ lL I
This invention relates to ink eradicator syatems.
Ink eradicator systems generally include two components. One component is an aqueous ink that includes a dye -- typically a triaryl methane -- that can be converted to a colorless form when contacted with a substance such as a sulfite reducing agent or a basic nitrogen compound. The second component is an aqueous eradicator fluid that includes a substance that can cau~e the dye to convert to a colorless $orm. A
u~er writes with the ink and, if correction is necessary, applies the eradicator fluid to the ink marking to decolorize the dye.
It is desirable to be able to write-over the area to which an eradicator fluid is applied. One problem that may occur when write-over of an eradicated mark is attempted is that the new mark may fade over time as the dye in the ink comes into contact with the excess eradicating substance (e.g., sulfite or amine) in the hardened eradicator fluid.
The invention concerns the combination of an eradicatable ink a~ueous ink and an aqueous eradicator fluid. The ink contains a dye that decolorizes if contacted with a basic nitrogen compound, such as an amine. The eradicator fluid contains the basic nitrogen compound. Importantly, the ink also includes a basic nitrogen compound b; n~; n~ agent that can bind the excess basic nitrogen compound in the eradicator SUBSTITUTE SHEET (F~ULE 2G) W O97/31070 ' PCTrUS97/030~1 fluid. As a result, when the ink i8 u~ed to overwrite an area to which the eradicator fluid has been applied, the r~m~;n;ng basic nitrogen compound in the eradicator fluid becomes bound to the nitrogen compound b; n~; ng agent in the ink, and accordingly does not cause significant decolorization o~ the dye. The ink mark made over the eradicated area thus has a reduced t~n~ncy to fade over time.
The preferred dyes are triaryl meth~ne~. The preferred basic nitrogen compounds are non-volatile, non-toxic ~m;ne8 like sodium glycinate. The preferred b;n~;ng agents are metal salts. Magnesium salts like magnesium sulfate and zinc salts like zinc sulfate are examples of preferred b; n~; n~ agents.
Preferred eradicator fluids also include a film-forming polymer. The film-~orming polymer provides a thin film on the eradicated area, and as a result may decrease the write-over time. It also may slow the diffusion of the eradicator fluid to the paper, and may improve write-over ~uality. Pre~erred film-forming polymers include polyacrylic acid sodium salts.
Preferred eradicator fluids have an eradication time of less than about 3 seconds, and more preferably less than 2 seconds. Preferred eradicator fluids have a write-over time of less than about 15 seconds and more preferably less than 10 seconds.
The invention also features an eradicatible ink including a dye that decolorizes when the ink is contacted with an 8% weight in water sodium glycinate solution, and a metal salt capable o~ complexing with sodium glycinate.
The invention also features a method of eradicating an ink marking on a substrate. The method include~ two steps. First, an ink cont~;n;ng a dye that decolorizes if contacted with a basic nitrogen compound, a b;n~;ng agent capable o~ b;n~;ng the basic SUBSTITUTE SHE~T (RULE 26~
WO 97131070 PCTrUS97/030Sl nitrogen compound, and water is applied to the substrate to provide a marking. Second, an eradicator fluid including the basic nitrogen compound and water is applied to the marking. The basic nitrogen compound causes the dye to decolorize.
The invention also features another method of providing a marking. This method also includes two steps. First, an eradicator fluid cont~;n;ng a basic nitrogen compound and water is applied to a substrate to provide an eradicator fluid coating. Second, an ink cont;~;n;ng a dye that decolorizes if contacted with the basic nitrogen compound, a ~;n~;ng agent capable o~
b;n~;ng to the basic nitrogen compound, and water, is applied to the eradicator fluid coating. Preferably, the method also includes initially making a mark on the substrate, over which the eradicator fluid is applied, with the same ink.
"Eradication system", as used herein, means that an ink and an eradicator fluid combination are stored lln~;~e~ in the same general packaging. For example, the ink can be in one con~;ne~ and the eradicator fluid in a second cont~;ne~, but the two containers are included in the same package.
Other ~eatures and advantages of the in~ention will be apparent from the description of the preferred ~hodiments thereof, and from the claims.
Preferred com~inations include an ink and an eradicator fluid. The ink contains a triaryl methane dye, a metal salt capable of b;n~;ng to the amine used in the eradicator fluid, an organic acid, a polyacrylate ~ilm-forming polymer, and water. The eradicator fluid includes a non-volatile amine capable of decolorizing the triaryl methane dye, a film-forming polymer, and water. The ink and the eradicator fluid also may include a surfactant to ad~ust surface tension.
Triaryl methane dye~ that are capable o~
~UBSTITUTE ShE~T (RULE 26~
CA 02244906 l998-07-28 W O97/31070 PCT~US97/03051 decolorizing in the presence of an amine are known to those skilled in the art. Examples include Acid Blue 93 and Acid Blue 22. Enough dye should be included in the ink to provide the desired color inten~ityr but not ao much that large quantities of eradicator fluid must be applied to a mark made with the ink to cause it to decolorize. Preferred inks include between 2% and 5%, and more preferably approximately 4%, of the triaryl methane dye by weight.
1~ The preferred metal salts are capable of b; nA; ng to the amine u~ed in the eradicator fluid. The metal salt preferably also i8 soluble in the ink.
Examples of ~alts are magnesium sulfate and zinc 8ul fate.
The ink should include a quantity of metal salt sufficient to bind to excess amine when the ink i8 applied to an eradicator fluid layer made over an ink mark. But not 80 much metal salt should be included that excessive quantities of eradicator fluid must be applied to eradicate the ink mark being corrected. The ink mark to be corrected may include the metal salt, and enough amine mu~t be in the eradicator fluid both to bind with the metal salt in the ink mark and to decolorize the dye. Preferred inks include between 5%
and 15%, and more preferably between 8% and 12%, of the metal salt by weight.
The organic acid increase~ the acidity of the ink and as a result increases the color intensity of the triaryl methane dye. Examples of organic acids include ci~ric acid, and tartaric acid. A sufficient ~uantity of the organic acid should be included to provide an ink including a dye of the desired intensity. Preferred inks may include between 1% and 3%, and more preferably approximately 2%, of the organic acid by weight.
The polyacrylate film-forming polymer can impro~e the color intensity and reduce feathering from SUBST~TlJTE SI~EET ~RU~E 26) CA 02244906 l998-07-28 WO 97/31070 . PCTrUS97/030~1 write-over. Examples of polyacrylate ~ilm-forming polymers include Sokalan CPlos, CP12s, and PA13PN, all of which are available from BASF. Enough polyacrylate film-forming polymer should be included in the ink to provide the targeted benefit, but not 80 much should be included that the viscosity of the ink becomes undesirably high. Preferred inks may include between 1% and 5%, and more preferably between 2% and 4%, of the polyacrylate film-forming polymer by weight.
Enough water should be included in the ink to dissolve the components and provide the ink with the desired viscosity. Preferred inks may have a viscosity betwee~ 1 cps and 3 cps, and more preferably between 2 cp8 and 2.5 cps. Preferred inks may include between 15 75% and 85% water by weight.
The non-volatile amine in the eradicator fluid causes the triaryl methane dye to decolorize when t~e ~iuid is appli~d ov~r a mark madc with th~ ink.
The amine selected, in addition to preferably being 20 non-volatile, should be non-toxic, and preferably odorle~s. Examples of preferred ~m; ne~ include glycine ~in the form of sodium glycinate), other amino acid salts and polyAm;~e~
Enough amine is included in the eradicator 25 fluid to decolorize the dye when applied in reasonable ~uantities to a mark made with the ink. But large guantities of amine may inter~ere with the ability of the metal salt in the ink to sufficiently prohibit fading of a corrective ink marking applied to the 30 hardened eradicator fluid. Preferred eradicator fluids may include between 7% and 12%, and more pre~erably J between 8% and 10%, of the amine by weight.
The ~ilm-~orming polymer increases the viscoRity of the eradicator fluid. It also may 35 decrease writeover time by providing a thin film on the ~urface of a covering made with the eradicator fluid;
the thin film increases the hardness of the surface, SUBSTITIJTE SHEET (RULE ~6) WO 97/31070 PCT~US97/030~1 and may make the surface ~uitable to receive a mark made with ink even though the eradicator fluid has not fully dried. The film-forming polymer should be compatible with the amine used in the eradicator ~luid.
Preferred film-forming polymers are sodium salts of polyacrylic acids. Preferred polyacrylic acid film-forming polymers have a number average molecular weight of ~etween 1200 and ~000.
A sufficient ~uantity of the film-forming polymer is included in the eradicator fluid to provide the desired film and viscosity. Too much film-forming polymer may raise the viscosity to undesirable levels.
Preferred eradicator fluids may include between 15% and 25%, and more preferably approximately 20%, of the film-forming polymer by weight.
Enough water should be included in the eradicator fluid to dissolve the components and provide the fluid with the desired viscosity. Preferred eradicator fluids may have, for example, a visco~ity between 5 cp~ and 15 cps, and more preferably between 6 cps and 7 cps.
The eradicator fluid also preferably contains a buffer to maintain the pH of the solution at~ for example, between 11 and 12 (more pre~erably at approximately 11.7). Preferred eradicator fluids may include, for example, between 75% and 85% of the a~ueous buffer solution by weight.
The surface ten~ion of the ink and the eradicator fluid can impact the eradication and writeover performance of the eradicator system. The surface tension of the ink preferably i~ between 30 dynes/cm and 4~ dyne~/cm, and more preferably i~
approximately 40 dynes/cm. The surface tension of the ~radicator fluid preferably is between 20 dynes/cm and 40 dynes/cm, more preferably is between 25 dynes/cm and 35 dynes/cm, and most preferably is approximately 30 dynes/cm. The surface tengion of the ink and SUBSTlTUTE SHEET (RIJLE 26) W O 97/31070 ' PCT~US97/03~1 eradicator fluid may be adjusted using conventional surfactants. If the surface tension of the ink i8 too ? low, the ink may penetrate too far into a paper substrate too quickly relative to the eradicator fluid that subsequently is applied. If the surface tension of the eradicator fluid i8 too high it may not penetrate into the paper as far, or at least as quickly, as the previously applied ink. This could lead to either incomplete eradication or an extended eradication time.
Other conventional ingredients such as bactericides, thickeners, and colorants can be included in the ink or the eradicator fluid.
The preferred inks and eradicator fluid~ can be used in roller ball point pens, e.g., pens which include a tubular member for fluid ~mm~ln;cation with a reservoir (either a fiber or hollow reservoir); a socket, having a seat, at one end of the member, an interior wall surface ext~n~;n~ from the seat; a rim disposed at the end of the interior wall surface opposite the seat; and a spherical ball that is disposed in the socket, rotatably engagable with the seat and captured by the rim. The writing instrument may also include, for example, a felt tip. The inks and eradicator fluids may also ~e ~sed in fountain pens.
In one ~hoA;m~nt, the ink and the eradicator ~luid are supplied in separate pens. If desired, several ink contA;n;n~ pens may be provided, each pen contA;n;ng an ink.
In another embodiment, the ink and the eradicator fluid are supplied in a single pen, cont~;n;ng a reservoir for each. Each reservoir may be either a hollow or fiber reservoir. The two reservoirs J are surrounded by a tubular member, e.g., a pol~lo~ylene barrel. If the pen is a marker, it includes nibs at opposite ends, each nib being covered by a cap. An example of a suitable nib is the SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 2G~
W O97131070 PCT~JS97/03051 polyethylene chisel nib available from Interflo.
Alternatively, if it is a roller ball point pen it includes a ball and socket structure, as described above and as is well known in the art, at each end.
The ink reservoir may be large enough, for example, to include approximately three times as much fluid a~ the eradicator ~luid re~ervoir.
The inks and eradicator fluids may be prepared by m; Yi ng the components.
~Y5~ ?le 1 An ink was prepared by ~i~ n~ 4 parts Acid Blue 93 (available from Orient), 2 parts citric acid, 10 parts magnesium sul~ate, 2.5 parts Sokalan CP10 (available from BASF) and 81.5 parts water.
An eradicator fluid was prepared by m; Y; n~ 10 parts sodium glycinate, 20 parts polyacrylic acid sodium salt (cat. no. 42034-4, available from Aldrich), 0.2 parts surfactant (Dynol, avai~able from Air Products) and 70 parts of an aqueous buffer solution ~pH 11.7). One liter of the buffer solution included 1.4841 g of boric acid, 4.1050 g of sodium hydroxide, 1.4 ml of acetic acid, and 1.4 ml of phosphoric acid.
The ink wa~ used to write on Ampad note paper ~available, ~or example, from Pha~e One Office Product~
Co., cat. no. AMP-20-372). The eradicator fluid was applied over a portion of the ink mark. After the eradicator f}uid had hardened sufficiently, corrective ink marking was applied. No fading or feathering of the corrective marking was observed.
3 O F.Y5~TII~ le 2 An eradicator fluid was prepared by ;~; n~
10% ~by total weight) zinc sulfate, 2.5% Sokalan CPlOs, 21 citric acid, 41 Acid Blue 93, and 81.51 water.
~le 3 An eradicator fluid was prepared by ~;Y; n~ 5%
~by total weight) zinc sulfate, 5% magnesium sulfate, 2.5~ So~alan CPlOs, 2% citric acid, 4% Acid Blue 93, SUBSTiTUTE SHEET ~RULE 26) W O 97~3107Q PCT~US97/03051 and 81.5% water.
Other embodiments are within the claims. For example, an eradicator fluid can be u~ed in combination with two inks, one including a metal nalt that binds the amine in the eradicator fluid, the other lacking the metal ~alt. An ink mark can be made on paper with the ink lacking the metal ~alt, and the eradicator ~luid applied to decolorize the dye. A corrective marking then can be made with the ink including the metal ~alt.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RUEE 26
This invention relates to ink eradicator syatems.
Ink eradicator systems generally include two components. One component is an aqueous ink that includes a dye -- typically a triaryl methane -- that can be converted to a colorless form when contacted with a substance such as a sulfite reducing agent or a basic nitrogen compound. The second component is an aqueous eradicator fluid that includes a substance that can cau~e the dye to convert to a colorless $orm. A
u~er writes with the ink and, if correction is necessary, applies the eradicator fluid to the ink marking to decolorize the dye.
It is desirable to be able to write-over the area to which an eradicator fluid is applied. One problem that may occur when write-over of an eradicated mark is attempted is that the new mark may fade over time as the dye in the ink comes into contact with the excess eradicating substance (e.g., sulfite or amine) in the hardened eradicator fluid.
The invention concerns the combination of an eradicatable ink a~ueous ink and an aqueous eradicator fluid. The ink contains a dye that decolorizes if contacted with a basic nitrogen compound, such as an amine. The eradicator fluid contains the basic nitrogen compound. Importantly, the ink also includes a basic nitrogen compound b; n~; n~ agent that can bind the excess basic nitrogen compound in the eradicator SUBSTITUTE SHEET (F~ULE 2G) W O97/31070 ' PCTrUS97/030~1 fluid. As a result, when the ink i8 u~ed to overwrite an area to which the eradicator fluid has been applied, the r~m~;n;ng basic nitrogen compound in the eradicator fluid becomes bound to the nitrogen compound b; n~; ng agent in the ink, and accordingly does not cause significant decolorization o~ the dye. The ink mark made over the eradicated area thus has a reduced t~n~ncy to fade over time.
The preferred dyes are triaryl meth~ne~. The preferred basic nitrogen compounds are non-volatile, non-toxic ~m;ne8 like sodium glycinate. The preferred b;n~;ng agents are metal salts. Magnesium salts like magnesium sulfate and zinc salts like zinc sulfate are examples of preferred b; n~; n~ agents.
Preferred eradicator fluids also include a film-forming polymer. The film-~orming polymer provides a thin film on the eradicated area, and as a result may decrease the write-over time. It also may slow the diffusion of the eradicator fluid to the paper, and may improve write-over ~uality. Pre~erred film-forming polymers include polyacrylic acid sodium salts.
Preferred eradicator fluids have an eradication time of less than about 3 seconds, and more preferably less than 2 seconds. Preferred eradicator fluids have a write-over time of less than about 15 seconds and more preferably less than 10 seconds.
The invention also features an eradicatible ink including a dye that decolorizes when the ink is contacted with an 8% weight in water sodium glycinate solution, and a metal salt capable o~ complexing with sodium glycinate.
The invention also features a method of eradicating an ink marking on a substrate. The method include~ two steps. First, an ink cont~;n;ng a dye that decolorizes if contacted with a basic nitrogen compound, a b;n~;ng agent capable o~ b;n~;ng the basic SUBSTITUTE SHE~T (RULE 26~
WO 97131070 PCTrUS97/030Sl nitrogen compound, and water is applied to the substrate to provide a marking. Second, an eradicator fluid including the basic nitrogen compound and water is applied to the marking. The basic nitrogen compound causes the dye to decolorize.
The invention also features another method of providing a marking. This method also includes two steps. First, an eradicator fluid cont~;n;ng a basic nitrogen compound and water is applied to a substrate to provide an eradicator fluid coating. Second, an ink cont;~;n;ng a dye that decolorizes if contacted with the basic nitrogen compound, a ~;n~;ng agent capable o~
b;n~;ng to the basic nitrogen compound, and water, is applied to the eradicator fluid coating. Preferably, the method also includes initially making a mark on the substrate, over which the eradicator fluid is applied, with the same ink.
"Eradication system", as used herein, means that an ink and an eradicator fluid combination are stored lln~;~e~ in the same general packaging. For example, the ink can be in one con~;ne~ and the eradicator fluid in a second cont~;ne~, but the two containers are included in the same package.
Other ~eatures and advantages of the in~ention will be apparent from the description of the preferred ~hodiments thereof, and from the claims.
Preferred com~inations include an ink and an eradicator fluid. The ink contains a triaryl methane dye, a metal salt capable of b;n~;ng to the amine used in the eradicator fluid, an organic acid, a polyacrylate ~ilm-forming polymer, and water. The eradicator fluid includes a non-volatile amine capable of decolorizing the triaryl methane dye, a film-forming polymer, and water. The ink and the eradicator fluid also may include a surfactant to ad~ust surface tension.
Triaryl methane dye~ that are capable o~
~UBSTITUTE ShE~T (RULE 26~
CA 02244906 l998-07-28 W O97/31070 PCT~US97/03051 decolorizing in the presence of an amine are known to those skilled in the art. Examples include Acid Blue 93 and Acid Blue 22. Enough dye should be included in the ink to provide the desired color inten~ityr but not ao much that large quantities of eradicator fluid must be applied to a mark made with the ink to cause it to decolorize. Preferred inks include between 2% and 5%, and more preferably approximately 4%, of the triaryl methane dye by weight.
1~ The preferred metal salts are capable of b; nA; ng to the amine u~ed in the eradicator fluid. The metal salt preferably also i8 soluble in the ink.
Examples of ~alts are magnesium sulfate and zinc 8ul fate.
The ink should include a quantity of metal salt sufficient to bind to excess amine when the ink i8 applied to an eradicator fluid layer made over an ink mark. But not 80 much metal salt should be included that excessive quantities of eradicator fluid must be applied to eradicate the ink mark being corrected. The ink mark to be corrected may include the metal salt, and enough amine mu~t be in the eradicator fluid both to bind with the metal salt in the ink mark and to decolorize the dye. Preferred inks include between 5%
and 15%, and more preferably between 8% and 12%, of the metal salt by weight.
The organic acid increase~ the acidity of the ink and as a result increases the color intensity of the triaryl methane dye. Examples of organic acids include ci~ric acid, and tartaric acid. A sufficient ~uantity of the organic acid should be included to provide an ink including a dye of the desired intensity. Preferred inks may include between 1% and 3%, and more preferably approximately 2%, of the organic acid by weight.
The polyacrylate film-forming polymer can impro~e the color intensity and reduce feathering from SUBST~TlJTE SI~EET ~RU~E 26) CA 02244906 l998-07-28 WO 97/31070 . PCTrUS97/030~1 write-over. Examples of polyacrylate ~ilm-forming polymers include Sokalan CPlos, CP12s, and PA13PN, all of which are available from BASF. Enough polyacrylate film-forming polymer should be included in the ink to provide the targeted benefit, but not 80 much should be included that the viscosity of the ink becomes undesirably high. Preferred inks may include between 1% and 5%, and more preferably between 2% and 4%, of the polyacrylate film-forming polymer by weight.
Enough water should be included in the ink to dissolve the components and provide the ink with the desired viscosity. Preferred inks may have a viscosity betwee~ 1 cps and 3 cps, and more preferably between 2 cp8 and 2.5 cps. Preferred inks may include between 15 75% and 85% water by weight.
The non-volatile amine in the eradicator fluid causes the triaryl methane dye to decolorize when t~e ~iuid is appli~d ov~r a mark madc with th~ ink.
The amine selected, in addition to preferably being 20 non-volatile, should be non-toxic, and preferably odorle~s. Examples of preferred ~m; ne~ include glycine ~in the form of sodium glycinate), other amino acid salts and polyAm;~e~
Enough amine is included in the eradicator 25 fluid to decolorize the dye when applied in reasonable ~uantities to a mark made with the ink. But large guantities of amine may inter~ere with the ability of the metal salt in the ink to sufficiently prohibit fading of a corrective ink marking applied to the 30 hardened eradicator fluid. Preferred eradicator fluids may include between 7% and 12%, and more pre~erably J between 8% and 10%, of the amine by weight.
The ~ilm-~orming polymer increases the viscoRity of the eradicator fluid. It also may 35 decrease writeover time by providing a thin film on the ~urface of a covering made with the eradicator fluid;
the thin film increases the hardness of the surface, SUBSTITIJTE SHEET (RULE ~6) WO 97/31070 PCT~US97/030~1 and may make the surface ~uitable to receive a mark made with ink even though the eradicator fluid has not fully dried. The film-forming polymer should be compatible with the amine used in the eradicator ~luid.
Preferred film-forming polymers are sodium salts of polyacrylic acids. Preferred polyacrylic acid film-forming polymers have a number average molecular weight of ~etween 1200 and ~000.
A sufficient ~uantity of the film-forming polymer is included in the eradicator fluid to provide the desired film and viscosity. Too much film-forming polymer may raise the viscosity to undesirable levels.
Preferred eradicator fluids may include between 15% and 25%, and more preferably approximately 20%, of the film-forming polymer by weight.
Enough water should be included in the eradicator fluid to dissolve the components and provide the fluid with the desired viscosity. Preferred eradicator fluids may have, for example, a visco~ity between 5 cp~ and 15 cps, and more preferably between 6 cps and 7 cps.
The eradicator fluid also preferably contains a buffer to maintain the pH of the solution at~ for example, between 11 and 12 (more pre~erably at approximately 11.7). Preferred eradicator fluids may include, for example, between 75% and 85% of the a~ueous buffer solution by weight.
The surface ten~ion of the ink and the eradicator fluid can impact the eradication and writeover performance of the eradicator system. The surface tension of the ink preferably i~ between 30 dynes/cm and 4~ dyne~/cm, and more preferably i~
approximately 40 dynes/cm. The surface tension of the ~radicator fluid preferably is between 20 dynes/cm and 40 dynes/cm, more preferably is between 25 dynes/cm and 35 dynes/cm, and most preferably is approximately 30 dynes/cm. The surface tengion of the ink and SUBSTlTUTE SHEET (RIJLE 26) W O 97/31070 ' PCT~US97/03~1 eradicator fluid may be adjusted using conventional surfactants. If the surface tension of the ink i8 too ? low, the ink may penetrate too far into a paper substrate too quickly relative to the eradicator fluid that subsequently is applied. If the surface tension of the eradicator fluid i8 too high it may not penetrate into the paper as far, or at least as quickly, as the previously applied ink. This could lead to either incomplete eradication or an extended eradication time.
Other conventional ingredients such as bactericides, thickeners, and colorants can be included in the ink or the eradicator fluid.
The preferred inks and eradicator fluid~ can be used in roller ball point pens, e.g., pens which include a tubular member for fluid ~mm~ln;cation with a reservoir (either a fiber or hollow reservoir); a socket, having a seat, at one end of the member, an interior wall surface ext~n~;n~ from the seat; a rim disposed at the end of the interior wall surface opposite the seat; and a spherical ball that is disposed in the socket, rotatably engagable with the seat and captured by the rim. The writing instrument may also include, for example, a felt tip. The inks and eradicator fluids may also ~e ~sed in fountain pens.
In one ~hoA;m~nt, the ink and the eradicator ~luid are supplied in separate pens. If desired, several ink contA;n;n~ pens may be provided, each pen contA;n;ng an ink.
In another embodiment, the ink and the eradicator fluid are supplied in a single pen, cont~;n;ng a reservoir for each. Each reservoir may be either a hollow or fiber reservoir. The two reservoirs J are surrounded by a tubular member, e.g., a pol~lo~ylene barrel. If the pen is a marker, it includes nibs at opposite ends, each nib being covered by a cap. An example of a suitable nib is the SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 2G~
W O97131070 PCT~JS97/03051 polyethylene chisel nib available from Interflo.
Alternatively, if it is a roller ball point pen it includes a ball and socket structure, as described above and as is well known in the art, at each end.
The ink reservoir may be large enough, for example, to include approximately three times as much fluid a~ the eradicator ~luid re~ervoir.
The inks and eradicator fluids may be prepared by m; Yi ng the components.
~Y5~ ?le 1 An ink was prepared by ~i~ n~ 4 parts Acid Blue 93 (available from Orient), 2 parts citric acid, 10 parts magnesium sul~ate, 2.5 parts Sokalan CP10 (available from BASF) and 81.5 parts water.
An eradicator fluid was prepared by m; Y; n~ 10 parts sodium glycinate, 20 parts polyacrylic acid sodium salt (cat. no. 42034-4, available from Aldrich), 0.2 parts surfactant (Dynol, avai~able from Air Products) and 70 parts of an aqueous buffer solution ~pH 11.7). One liter of the buffer solution included 1.4841 g of boric acid, 4.1050 g of sodium hydroxide, 1.4 ml of acetic acid, and 1.4 ml of phosphoric acid.
The ink wa~ used to write on Ampad note paper ~available, ~or example, from Pha~e One Office Product~
Co., cat. no. AMP-20-372). The eradicator fluid was applied over a portion of the ink mark. After the eradicator f}uid had hardened sufficiently, corrective ink marking was applied. No fading or feathering of the corrective marking was observed.
3 O F.Y5~TII~ le 2 An eradicator fluid was prepared by ;~; n~
10% ~by total weight) zinc sulfate, 2.5% Sokalan CPlOs, 21 citric acid, 41 Acid Blue 93, and 81.51 water.
~le 3 An eradicator fluid was prepared by ~;Y; n~ 5%
~by total weight) zinc sulfate, 5% magnesium sulfate, 2.5~ So~alan CPlOs, 2% citric acid, 4% Acid Blue 93, SUBSTiTUTE SHEET ~RULE 26) W O 97~3107Q PCT~US97/03051 and 81.5% water.
Other embodiments are within the claims. For example, an eradicator fluid can be u~ed in combination with two inks, one including a metal nalt that binds the amine in the eradicator fluid, the other lacking the metal ~alt. An ink mark can be made on paper with the ink lacking the metal ~alt, and the eradicator ~luid applied to decolorize the dye. A corrective marking then can be made with the ink including the metal ~alt.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RUEE 26
Claims (27)
1. An ink and eradicator fluid combination, comprising an eradicator fluid containing a basic nitrogen compound and water, and an ink containing a dye that decolorizes if contacted with said basic nitrogen compound, a binding agent capable of binding said basic nitrogen compound, and water.
2. The combination of claim 1, wherein said eradicator fluid further includes a film-forming polymer.
3. The combination of claim 2, wherein said film-forming polymer comprises a polyacrylic acid salt.
4. The combination of claim 2, wherein said eradicator fluid contains between 8% and 10% of said basic nitrogen compound by weight, between 15% and 25%
of said film-forming polymer by weight, and between 60%
and 70% water by weight.
of said film-forming polymer by weight, and between 60%
and 70% water by weight.
5. The combination of claim 1, wherein said ink further includes a film-forming polymer.
6. The combination of claim 1, wherein said ink contains between 3% and 4% of said dye by weight, between 8% and 12% of said binding agent by weight, and between 75% and 85% water by weight.
7. The combination of claim 5, wherein said film-forming polymer comprises a polyacrylate.
8. The combination of claim 7, wherein the pH of said eradicator fluid is between about 10 and about 11.
9. The combination of claim 1, wherein said dye comprises a triaryl methane.
10. The combination of claim 1, wherein said ink further comprises an organic acid.
11. The combination of claim 1, wherein said binding agent comprises a metal salt.
12. The combination of claim 11, wherein said metal salt comprise a magnesium salt.
13. The combination of claim 12, wherein said magnesium salt comprises magnesium sulfate.
14. The combination of claim 11, wherein said metal salt comprises a zinc salt.
15. The combination of claim 14, wherein said zinc salt comprises zinc sulfate.
16. The combination of claim 1, wherein said basic nitrogen compound comprises an amine.
17. The combination of claim 16, wherein said amine comprises sodium glycinate.
18. The combination of claim 1, wherein said eradicator fluid has an eradication time of less than 3 seconds.
19. The combination of claim 1, wherein said eradicator fluid has a write-over time of less than 10 seconds.
20. The combination of claim 1, wherein said ink has a surface tension of between 25 dynes/cm and 35 dynes/cm, and said eradicator fluid has a surface tension of between 35 dynes/cm and 40 dynes/cm.
21. An eradicatible ink, comprising a dye that decolorizes when said ink is contacted with an 8% by weight in water sodium glycinate solution, a metal salt capable of complexing with sodium glycinate, and water.
22. The eradicatible ink of claim 21, wherein said ink further comprises a non-volatile organic acid.
23. The eradicatible ink of claim 21, wherein said metal salt comprises a salt selected from the group consisting of magnesium salts and zinc salts.
24. A method of eradicating an ink marking on a substrate, comprising applying to said substrate an ink comprising a dye that decolorizes if contacted with a basic nitrogen compound, a binding agent capable of binding said basic nitrogen compound, and water, to provide a marking on said substrate, and applying to said marking an eradicator fluid comprising said basic nitrogen compound and water, said basic nitrogen compound causing said dye to decolorize.
25. The method of claim 24, wherein said binding agent comprises a metal salt.
26. The method of claim 24, wherein said basic nitrogen compound comprises an amine.
27. A method of providing a marking, comprising applying an eradicator fluid containing a basic nitrogen compound and water to a substrate to provide an eradicator fluid coating on said substrate, and applying to said eradicator fluid coating an ink containing a dye that decolorizes if contacted with said basic nitrogen compound, a binding agent capable of binding to said basic nitrogen compound, and water.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US60572596A | 1996-02-22 | 1996-02-22 | |
| US605,725 | 1996-02-22 | ||
| US08/629,096 US5649999A (en) | 1996-02-22 | 1996-04-08 | Ink eradicator system |
| US629,096 | 1996-04-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2244906A1 true CA2244906A1 (en) | 1997-08-28 |
Family
ID=27085034
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2244906 Abandoned CA2244906A1 (en) | 1996-02-22 | 1997-02-21 | Ink eradicator system |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0882103A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2000506190A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU730724B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9707586A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2244906A1 (en) |
| TR (1) | TR199801616T2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997031070A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3520275B2 (en) | 2001-01-26 | 2004-04-19 | ゼブラ株式会社 | Decolorable or discolorable aqueous ink and method for producing the same |
| US8007096B2 (en) | 2003-10-29 | 2011-08-30 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Ink compositions for use in highlighter markers and associated methods |
| JP5452153B2 (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2014-03-26 | パイロットインキ株式会社 | Recording medium writing surface writing, eraser set |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4252845A (en) * | 1978-11-30 | 1981-02-24 | Zipatone, Inc. | Graphic arts ink and eradicator combination |
| EP0032653A3 (en) * | 1979-12-15 | 1981-08-05 | Pelikan Aktiengesellschaft | Chemically correctable ink |
| EP0032652A3 (en) * | 1979-12-15 | 1981-08-05 | Pelikan Aktiengesellschaft | Erasure fluid for inks |
| DE3409498A1 (en) * | 1983-05-06 | 1984-11-08 | Pelikan Ag, 3000 Hannover | Ink eraser |
-
1997
- 1997-02-21 EP EP97906787A patent/EP0882103A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-02-21 CA CA 2244906 patent/CA2244906A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-02-21 AU AU21388/97A patent/AU730724B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-02-21 JP JP9530419A patent/JP2000506190A/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-02-21 TR TR1998/01616T patent/TR199801616T2/en unknown
- 1997-02-21 WO PCT/US1997/003051 patent/WO1997031070A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-02-21 BR BR9707586A patent/BR9707586A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TR199801616T2 (en) | 1998-11-23 |
| WO1997031070A1 (en) | 1997-08-28 |
| EP0882103A1 (en) | 1998-12-09 |
| BR9707586A (en) | 1999-07-27 |
| AU730724B2 (en) | 2001-03-15 |
| JP2000506190A (en) | 2000-05-23 |
| AU2138897A (en) | 1997-09-10 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Dead |