CA2241526C - Fuze for a spin-stabilised projectile - Google Patents
Fuze for a spin-stabilised projectile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2241526C CA2241526C CA 2241526 CA2241526A CA2241526C CA 2241526 C CA2241526 C CA 2241526C CA 2241526 CA2241526 CA 2241526 CA 2241526 A CA2241526 A CA 2241526A CA 2241526 C CA2241526 C CA 2241526C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- locking bolt
- fuze
- self
- detonator
- destruct unit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
- F42C15/18—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a carrier for an element of the pyrotechnic or explosive train is moved
- F42C15/188—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a carrier for an element of the pyrotechnic or explosive train is moved using a rotatable carrier
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
- F42C15/24—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by inertia means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C9/00—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition
- F42C9/14—Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes
- F42C9/142—Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes combined time and percussion fuzes in which the timing is caused by combustion
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a fuze for a spin-stabilized projectile with a housing (2) within which there is a detonator carrier (9) that can pivot from a safety position into a firing position and which is secured in its safety position by a locking bolt (6). In order to make it possible to integrate a self-destruct unit into the fuze in a simple and cost-effective manner, the present invention proposes that the self-destruct unit (15) be arranged in the locking bolt (6) that is required to fix the detonator carrier (9) in its safety position, so that the self-destruct unit (15) is activated when the locking bolt (6) is moved from its starting position into an end position relative to the fuze housing by the inertial force that is generated when the projectile is fired, and then releases the detonator carrier (9).
Description
Fuze for_a Spin-stabilised Projectile The present invention relates to a fuze for a spin-stabilised projectile, this having a housing within which there is a detonator carrier that can pivot from a safety position into a firing posi..tion.
A fuze of this kind is described, for example, in DE
31 07 110 C2. In this fuze, a detonator carrier is fixed i.n its safety position by a locking bolt that can move from a starting position into an end position, and is part of a set-back pin system.
amongst other disadvantages of this known fuze is the fact that it does not incorporate a self-destruct unit .
The use of self-destruct units is frequently necessary for safety reasons, particularly in the case of projectiles with active charges (high-explosive projectiles, hollow-charge projectiles), in order to ensure that the munition self-destructs after a pre-selected period of time if the impact fuze or if the time fuze is unserviceable.
In the case of known fuzes with a self-destruct unit, as a rule these units are located in or on the detonator carrier of the particular fuze and are activated when the detonator carrier pivots or is moved laterally and the corresponding stab-operated detonator of the self-destruct unit is forced against a striker pin that is fixed to the housing. Once the period of time that is defined by the delay charge of the self-destruct unit has expired, a detonation takes place, and this ignites the main detonator of the projectile as a result of the fragmentation effect. In this _ 1 -connection, j.t is ner_essary that the delay section be in a locked position in order to ensure the satisfactory self-dest ruct ion of the project ile .
One disadvantage of these known fuses is the relatively high production cost that results from the integrat ion of the self-Best ruct unit .
It is the ob~ect of the present invent ion to describe a fuze of the type discussed in the introduction hereto, in which a self-destruct unit can be integrated into the fuze in a simple and cost-effective manner.
This has been done by the features set out in Patent Claim 1. Additional advantageous versions of the present invention are disclosed in the secondary claims.
essentially, the underlying concept of the present invention is that the the self-destruct unit is arranged in the locking bolt for the detonator carrier, said locking bolt being necessary in any case. The self-destruct unit is activated when the locking bolt moves relative to the fuze housing, from a starting position into a first end position, as a result of inert ia, and releases the detonator carrier when the pro~ectile is fired.
In one advantageous embodiment of the present invention, in order to limit the movement of the locking bolt that is brought about by the pressure generated by of the detonation, and thereby lock the self-destruct unit as well, there is a stop edge on the outermost periphery of the locking bolt, and there is a stop ring on the fuze housing so that once the locking bolt reaches a second end position, the stop edge presses against the stop ring and thereby locks the self-destruct unit in the direction in which the projectile is fired.
In another advantageous embodiment of present invention, at its end that is proximate to the striker pin, the locking bolt has a plurality of slot-like cutouts that extend in the longitudinal direction in such a way that the locking bolt will expand at this end as a result of the pressure generated by detonation of the stab-operated detonator, and will be forced into a corresponding recess in the fuze housing, so that once the locking bolt reaches its second end position, any renewed displacement of the locking bolt towards the first end position is prevented, with the result that the self-destruct unit is also locked in a direction opposite to the direction of movement of the projectile.
According to a broad aspect of the invention, there is provided a fuze for a spin-stabilized projectile with a fuze housing in which there is a detonator carrier that can pivot from a safety position into a firing position and a self-destruct unit with a stab-operated detonator, a delay charge and a starting detonator are arranged, in which a striker pin is arranged in the fuze housing in such a way that, when the projectile is fired, the self-destruct unit is moved from a starting position into a first end position by inertial force and the stab-operated detonator strikes the striker pin and is fired, wherein the detonator carrier can be fixed in the safety position by at least one locking bolt that can be moved in a firing direction from a starting position into a second end position and the self-destruct unit is arranged in the locking bolt.
A fuze of this kind is described, for example, in DE
31 07 110 C2. In this fuze, a detonator carrier is fixed i.n its safety position by a locking bolt that can move from a starting position into an end position, and is part of a set-back pin system.
amongst other disadvantages of this known fuze is the fact that it does not incorporate a self-destruct unit .
The use of self-destruct units is frequently necessary for safety reasons, particularly in the case of projectiles with active charges (high-explosive projectiles, hollow-charge projectiles), in order to ensure that the munition self-destructs after a pre-selected period of time if the impact fuze or if the time fuze is unserviceable.
In the case of known fuzes with a self-destruct unit, as a rule these units are located in or on the detonator carrier of the particular fuze and are activated when the detonator carrier pivots or is moved laterally and the corresponding stab-operated detonator of the self-destruct unit is forced against a striker pin that is fixed to the housing. Once the period of time that is defined by the delay charge of the self-destruct unit has expired, a detonation takes place, and this ignites the main detonator of the projectile as a result of the fragmentation effect. In this _ 1 -connection, j.t is ner_essary that the delay section be in a locked position in order to ensure the satisfactory self-dest ruct ion of the project ile .
One disadvantage of these known fuses is the relatively high production cost that results from the integrat ion of the self-Best ruct unit .
It is the ob~ect of the present invent ion to describe a fuze of the type discussed in the introduction hereto, in which a self-destruct unit can be integrated into the fuze in a simple and cost-effective manner.
This has been done by the features set out in Patent Claim 1. Additional advantageous versions of the present invention are disclosed in the secondary claims.
essentially, the underlying concept of the present invention is that the the self-destruct unit is arranged in the locking bolt for the detonator carrier, said locking bolt being necessary in any case. The self-destruct unit is activated when the locking bolt moves relative to the fuze housing, from a starting position into a first end position, as a result of inert ia, and releases the detonator carrier when the pro~ectile is fired.
In one advantageous embodiment of the present invention, in order to limit the movement of the locking bolt that is brought about by the pressure generated by of the detonation, and thereby lock the self-destruct unit as well, there is a stop edge on the outermost periphery of the locking bolt, and there is a stop ring on the fuze housing so that once the locking bolt reaches a second end position, the stop edge presses against the stop ring and thereby locks the self-destruct unit in the direction in which the projectile is fired.
In another advantageous embodiment of present invention, at its end that is proximate to the striker pin, the locking bolt has a plurality of slot-like cutouts that extend in the longitudinal direction in such a way that the locking bolt will expand at this end as a result of the pressure generated by detonation of the stab-operated detonator, and will be forced into a corresponding recess in the fuze housing, so that once the locking bolt reaches its second end position, any renewed displacement of the locking bolt towards the first end position is prevented, with the result that the self-destruct unit is also locked in a direction opposite to the direction of movement of the projectile.
According to a broad aspect of the invention, there is provided a fuze for a spin-stabilized projectile with a fuze housing in which there is a detonator carrier that can pivot from a safety position into a firing position and a self-destruct unit with a stab-operated detonator, a delay charge and a starting detonator are arranged, in which a striker pin is arranged in the fuze housing in such a way that, when the projectile is fired, the self-destruct unit is moved from a starting position into a first end position by inertial force and the stab-operated detonator strikes the striker pin and is fired, wherein the detonator carrier can be fixed in the safety position by at least one locking bolt that can be moved in a firing direction from a starting position into a second end position and the self-destruct unit is arranged in the locking bolt.
Additional details and advantages of the present invention will be described below on the basis of the drawings appended hereto. These drawings show the following:
Figure l: a longitudinal cross section through a fuze that is in the safety position, with a locking bolt that incorporates a self-destruct unit;
Figure 2: a longitudinal cross section through the fuze shown in Figure 1, in its firing position;
Figure 3: an enlarged cross section through a locking bolt with a self-destruct unit.
In Figure 1, the fuze of a projectile (not shown in greater detail herein) is numbered 1. The fuze 1 comprises a housing 2 in which a firing pin 3 that is spring-loaded in the manner known per se is arranged so as to be movable. Within the fuze housing 2 there is also a set-back pin system 4 with two locking bolts 5, 6, a compression spring 7, and a ball 8, as well as a detonator carrier 9 that supports a detonator 10 and can pivot (towards or away from the observer) about an axis of rotation that is offset relative to the centre axis 11 of the projectile, which is not shown in greater detail herein.
Finally, a striker pin 12 is secured to the fuze housing 2;
the function of this striker pin will be described in greater detail below.
The locking bolt 6 is in the form of a tube and is arranged so as to be able to slide within a corresponding bore 13 in the fuze housing 2. A spring stop ring 14 is also installed within this bore 13.
Figure l: a longitudinal cross section through a fuze that is in the safety position, with a locking bolt that incorporates a self-destruct unit;
Figure 2: a longitudinal cross section through the fuze shown in Figure 1, in its firing position;
Figure 3: an enlarged cross section through a locking bolt with a self-destruct unit.
In Figure 1, the fuze of a projectile (not shown in greater detail herein) is numbered 1. The fuze 1 comprises a housing 2 in which a firing pin 3 that is spring-loaded in the manner known per se is arranged so as to be movable. Within the fuze housing 2 there is also a set-back pin system 4 with two locking bolts 5, 6, a compression spring 7, and a ball 8, as well as a detonator carrier 9 that supports a detonator 10 and can pivot (towards or away from the observer) about an axis of rotation that is offset relative to the centre axis 11 of the projectile, which is not shown in greater detail herein.
Finally, a striker pin 12 is secured to the fuze housing 2;
the function of this striker pin will be described in greater detail below.
The locking bolt 6 is in the form of a tube and is arranged so as to be able to slide within a corresponding bore 13 in the fuze housing 2. A spring stop ring 14 is also installed within this bore 13.
According to the present invention, the locking bolt 6 incorporates a self-destruct unit 15 with a stab-operated detonator 16, a delay charge 17, and a starting detonator 16.1 (Figure 3). The outside surface of the sleeve 18 of the locking bolt 6 incorporates a stop edge 19, and the end 20 of the locking bolt 6 that is proximate to the striker pin 12 has, for example, four slot-like cutouts 21 that are spaced evenly around the periphery and extend in the longitudinal direction of the locking bolt 6.
The operation of the self-destruct unit 15 will be described in greater detail below. It is assumed that the locking bolt is initially in its starting position (Figure 1). In this starting position, the locking bolt is fixed axially because a spacer ring 23 that is located between the locking bolt 6 and the self-destruct unit 15, and which is formed as a fragmenting body, is bracing the locking bolt 6 against the fuze housing cover 2.1, and the locking bolt 6 is held in the opposite direction by the ball 8. If this projectile is now fired, then the locking bolt 6 is moved relative to the fuze housing 2 against the force of the spring 7, because of inertial forces. As soon as the locking bolt 5 has moved far enough that the ball 8 can move into the space above the bolt 5 (Figure 2), the locking bolt 6 will also move from its starting position into a first end position. When this happens, the stab-operated detonator 16 of the self-destruct unit 15 strikes the striker pin 12, and this ignites the stab-operated detonator 16.
The detonation pressure that is generated when the detonator 16 is pierced causes the locking bolt 6 and thus the self-destruct unit 15 to move in a direction opposite to the direction of the projectile. This movement of the self-destruct unit 15, which is undesirable in and of itself, is prevented in that the locking bolt 6 travels only a short distance before it reaches its second end position, in which the spring stop ring 14 that is located in the bore 13 presses against the stop edge 19 of the locking bolt 6.
This means that the self-destruct unit 15 is locked in the direction in which the projectile is fired.
In addition, because of the pressure generated by the detonation of the stab-operated detonator 16, the end 20 of the locking bolt 6 that has the slot-like cutouts 21 - 5a -expands, with the result that this end area of the locking bolt yams in a corresponding cutout 22 of the fuze housing ?., so that the self-destruct unit is also locked in a direction opposite to the direction in which the pra~ectile is fired.
Needless to say, the present invention is not restricted solely to the exemplary embodiments described heretofore. For example, it is by no means essential that the locking bolt 6 be a component of a set-back pin system that comprises two bolts. The present invention can also be used if the fuze has only one locking bolt within which the self-destruct unit is arranged and which is moved only by inertial forces .
Finally, the self-destruct unit can be lacked in the direction in which the projectile is fired, and in the opposite direction in that the recess in the fuze housing, into which the expanded end of the locking bolt is forced, is appropriately r_onfigured. In this case, it is then possible to eliminate the stop ring and the stop edge.
The operation of the self-destruct unit 15 will be described in greater detail below. It is assumed that the locking bolt is initially in its starting position (Figure 1). In this starting position, the locking bolt is fixed axially because a spacer ring 23 that is located between the locking bolt 6 and the self-destruct unit 15, and which is formed as a fragmenting body, is bracing the locking bolt 6 against the fuze housing cover 2.1, and the locking bolt 6 is held in the opposite direction by the ball 8. If this projectile is now fired, then the locking bolt 6 is moved relative to the fuze housing 2 against the force of the spring 7, because of inertial forces. As soon as the locking bolt 5 has moved far enough that the ball 8 can move into the space above the bolt 5 (Figure 2), the locking bolt 6 will also move from its starting position into a first end position. When this happens, the stab-operated detonator 16 of the self-destruct unit 15 strikes the striker pin 12, and this ignites the stab-operated detonator 16.
The detonation pressure that is generated when the detonator 16 is pierced causes the locking bolt 6 and thus the self-destruct unit 15 to move in a direction opposite to the direction of the projectile. This movement of the self-destruct unit 15, which is undesirable in and of itself, is prevented in that the locking bolt 6 travels only a short distance before it reaches its second end position, in which the spring stop ring 14 that is located in the bore 13 presses against the stop edge 19 of the locking bolt 6.
This means that the self-destruct unit 15 is locked in the direction in which the projectile is fired.
In addition, because of the pressure generated by the detonation of the stab-operated detonator 16, the end 20 of the locking bolt 6 that has the slot-like cutouts 21 - 5a -expands, with the result that this end area of the locking bolt yams in a corresponding cutout 22 of the fuze housing ?., so that the self-destruct unit is also locked in a direction opposite to the direction in which the pra~ectile is fired.
Needless to say, the present invention is not restricted solely to the exemplary embodiments described heretofore. For example, it is by no means essential that the locking bolt 6 be a component of a set-back pin system that comprises two bolts. The present invention can also be used if the fuze has only one locking bolt within which the self-destruct unit is arranged and which is moved only by inertial forces .
Finally, the self-destruct unit can be lacked in the direction in which the projectile is fired, and in the opposite direction in that the recess in the fuze housing, into which the expanded end of the locking bolt is forced, is appropriately r_onfigured. In this case, it is then possible to eliminate the stop ring and the stop edge.
Reference numbers for Drawings 1 detonator 2 housing, detonatar housing 2.1 housing cover 3 firing pin 4 blow-back firing pin system locking halt 6 locking bolt 7 compression spring 8 ball 9 detonator carrier detonator 11 centre-line axis 12 striker pin 13 bore 14 stop ring self-destruct unit 16 stab-operated detonatore 16.1 starting detonator 17 delay charge 18 sleeve 19 stop edge end ( of locking bolt ) 21 s lot 22 slot 23 spacer ring
Claims (5)
1. ~A fuze for a spin-stabilized projectile with a fuze housing in which there is a detonator carrier that can pivot from a safety position into a firing position and a~
self-destruct unit with a stab-operated detonator, a delay charge and a starting detonator are arranged, in which a striker pin is arranged in the fuze housing in such a way that, when the projectile is fired, the self-destruct unit is moved from a starting position into a first end position by inertial force and the stab-operated detonator strikes the striker pin and is fired, wherein the detonator carrier can be fixed in the safety position by at least one locking bolt that can be moved in a firing direction from a starting position into a second end position and the self-destruct unit is arranged in the locking bolt.
self-destruct unit with a stab-operated detonator, a delay charge and a starting detonator are arranged, in which a striker pin is arranged in the fuze housing in such a way that, when the projectile is fired, the self-destruct unit is moved from a starting position into a first end position by inertial force and the stab-operated detonator strikes the striker pin and is fired, wherein the detonator carrier can be fixed in the safety position by at least one locking bolt that can be moved in a firing direction from a starting position into a second end position and the self-destruct unit is arranged in the locking bolt.
2. ~The fuze as defined in Claim 1, wherein in order to limit the movement of the locking bolt in the direction of its starting position that is caused by the pressure generated by the detonation, on the outermost periphery of the locking bolt there is a stop edge and within a bore of~
the fuze housing, within which the locking bolt is arranged so as to be able to slide, there is a stop ring that is arranged in such a way that after reaching the second end position of the locking bolt the stop ring is forced against the stop edge.
the fuze housing, within which the locking bolt is arranged so as to be able to slide, there is a stop ring that is arranged in such a way that after reaching the second end position of the locking bolt the stop ring is forced against the stop edge.
3. ~The fuze as defined in Claim 2, wherein at its end that is proximate to the striker pin, the locking bolt has a~
plurality of slot-like cutouts that extend in the longitudinal direction such that at this end, the locking bolt expands because of the pressure generated by the detonation of the stab-operated detonator and is forced into a corresponding recess in the fuze housing, so that after reaching the second end position of the locking bolt any renewed displacement of the locking bolt in the direction of the first end position is prevented.
plurality of slot-like cutouts that extend in the longitudinal direction such that at this end, the locking bolt expands because of the pressure generated by the detonation of the stab-operated detonator and is forced into a corresponding recess in the fuze housing, so that after reaching the second end position of the locking bolt any renewed displacement of the locking bolt in the direction of the first end position is prevented.
4. ~The fuze as defined in one of the Claims 1 to 3, wherein the locking bolt is a bolt of a set-back pin system.
5. ~The fuze as defined in one of the Claims 2 to 4, wherein the stop ring is a spring ring.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1997126951 DE19726951C2 (en) | 1997-06-25 | 1997-06-25 | Detonator for a swirl projectile with a self-dismantling unit arranged in the locking bolt for the detonator carrier |
| DE19726951.6 | 1997-06-25 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2241526A1 CA2241526A1 (en) | 1998-12-25 |
| CA2241526C true CA2241526C (en) | 2006-08-01 |
Family
ID=7833595
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2241526 Expired - Fee Related CA2241526C (en) | 1997-06-25 | 1998-06-24 | Fuze for a spin-stabilised projectile |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT407575B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2241526C (en) |
| CH (1) | CH692395A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19726951C2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2161580B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2009202759B2 (en) * | 2008-07-11 | 2011-09-15 | Junghans Microtec Gmbh | Fuse for a projectile |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013000050B3 (en) * | 2013-01-07 | 2014-01-30 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Auto decomposition mechanism for a detonator |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3107110C2 (en) * | 1981-02-26 | 1984-03-29 | Gebrüder Junghans GmbH, 7230 Schramberg | Safety device for detonators of twist projectiles |
| DE3740967A1 (en) * | 1987-12-03 | 1989-06-15 | Diehl Gmbh & Co | PYROTECHNICAL IGNITION FOR BULLETS |
| DE3925235A1 (en) * | 1989-07-29 | 1991-01-31 | Rheinmetall Gmbh | BOMBLETZUENDER |
| DE4030917C2 (en) * | 1990-09-29 | 1995-09-07 | Rheinmetall Ind Gmbh | Speed range depending on unlockable detonators for an explosive projectile |
| DE4303128C2 (en) * | 1993-02-04 | 1995-10-12 | Rheinmetall Ind Gmbh | Projectile device for projectiles, missiles, bomblets and mines with a pyrotechnic self-dismantling device |
| DE4335022C2 (en) * | 1993-10-14 | 1998-06-10 | Rheinmetall Ind Ag | Ignition and safety device with self-dismantling device for a grenade projectile with a shaped charge insert |
| DE4335018A1 (en) * | 1993-10-14 | 1995-04-20 | Junghans Gmbh Geb | Safety device for a projectile fuze |
| ATA76595A (en) * | 1995-05-05 | 1998-01-15 | Winter Udo Mag Ing | SAFETY DEVICE FOR AN IMPELLER |
-
1997
- 1997-06-25 DE DE1997126951 patent/DE19726951C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-04-30 CH CH97598A patent/CH692395A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-05-04 AT AT73898A patent/AT407575B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-06-15 ES ES9801251A patent/ES2161580B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-06-24 CA CA 2241526 patent/CA2241526C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2009202759B2 (en) * | 2008-07-11 | 2011-09-15 | Junghans Microtec Gmbh | Fuse for a projectile |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AT407575B (en) | 2001-04-25 |
| ES2161580B1 (en) | 2002-06-16 |
| ATA73898A (en) | 2000-08-15 |
| DE19726951C2 (en) | 1999-12-16 |
| DE19726951A1 (en) | 1999-01-07 |
| CA2241526A1 (en) | 1998-12-25 |
| ES2161580A1 (en) | 2001-12-01 |
| CH692395A5 (en) | 2002-05-31 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20170627 |