CA2241518A1 - Fuel additive and fuel composition containing the additive - Google Patents
Fuel additive and fuel composition containing the additive Download PDFInfo
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- CA2241518A1 CA2241518A1 CA002241518A CA2241518A CA2241518A1 CA 2241518 A1 CA2241518 A1 CA 2241518A1 CA 002241518 A CA002241518 A CA 002241518A CA 2241518 A CA2241518 A CA 2241518A CA 2241518 A1 CA2241518 A1 CA 2241518A1
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- additive
- polyoxyalkylene glycol
- fuel composition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
- C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/06—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for facilitating soot removal
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention is directed to a fuel additive excellent in the cleanliness performance for the intake system and combustion chamber(s) of a gasoline engine and also to a fuel composition containing the additive.
A fuel additive is described having as a principal component a polyoxyalkylene glycol represented by the following formula (1) and having an average molecular weight of from 500 to 5,000:
(see fig. I) wherein A represents an ethylene group or propylene group, n stands for a positive integer, and the content of oxypropylene group(s) is 50 wt% or higher;
and a fuel composition comprising a petroleum fraction as a principal component and 0.001 to 5 wt%, based on the whole weight of the fuel composition, of the fuel additive.
A fuel additive is described having as a principal component a polyoxyalkylene glycol represented by the following formula (1) and having an average molecular weight of from 500 to 5,000:
(see fig. I) wherein A represents an ethylene group or propylene group, n stands for a positive integer, and the content of oxypropylene group(s) is 50 wt% or higher;
and a fuel composition comprising a petroleum fraction as a principal component and 0.001 to 5 wt%, based on the whole weight of the fuel composition, of the fuel additive.
Description
CA 02241~18 1998-07-30 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a fuel additive and a fuel composition conlainillg the additive, and more specifically to a fuel additive having property excellent in improving the cleanliness of an intake system and a combustion chamber of a gasoline engine and also to a fuel composition containing the additive.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART
Fuel for internal combustion engines, such as gasoline, is well known to have tendency of forming sludge, deposit and the like in intake systems and combustion chambers. Deposit in the intake system of an engine becomes a cause of a reduction in its output, a deterioration in its operability and an il~aulllent in its exhaust emission. Especially, as a result of the move toward gasoline engines of significantly high performance in recent years, the engines are now extremely sensitive in performance to such deposit in their intake systems. Although an electronic control type fuel injection device, for example, permits accurate control of an air-fuel ratio and is effective in improv-ing not only the performance of an engine but also its gas mileage and exhaust emission, formation of deposit on the associated intake valve results in striking of the deposit by gasoline injected from the fuel injection device, thereby failing to properly control the air/fuel ratio. As a consequence, the operability is adversely affected. Further, deposit in a combustion chamber of an engine becomes a cause of an increase in the octane number requirement of the engine.
There has accordingly be a strong demand for the development of an additive which can suppress the forrnation of deposit in both an intake system and a combustion chamber.
CA 02241~18 l99X-07-30 With the object of improving the cleanliness of the intake valves and intake ports of a gasoline engine, fuels with polyetheramine compounds contained therein are disclosed in JP kokai 55-25489, JP kokoku 55-39278, JP
kokoku 56-48556 and JP kokoku 61-33016, and a fuel with a polyisobutene-amine compound contained therein is disclosed in JP kokai 2-261806. These fuels can improve the cleanliness of the intake system of a gasoline engine but,concerning the cleanliness of its combustion chamber, they are not effective butgive rather deleterious effect in many instances. Fulther, JP kokai 4-88091 teaches that a fuel added with a gasoline additive composition, which comprises a polyoxyalkylene glycol having a molecular weight of from 500 to 5,000 or a derivative thereof, an alkylamine and a lubricating oil fraction, can reduce theamount of deposit to be formed on intake valves. However, a fuel with a lubricating oil fraction added therein has been found to deteriorate the clean-liness of combustion chambers of an engine. In addition, JP kokai 3-229797 discloses a fuel which contains a polyetheramine compound. This publication describes to the effect that the fuel can improve the cleanliness of the intake system and combustion chambers of a gasoline engine. Its effect has however been found to be insufficient for the improvement of the cleanliness of the intake system and combustion chambers.
An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel additive containing a particular polyoxyalkylene glycol with property excellent in improving the cleanliness of the intake system and combustion chamber of a gasoline engine and also a fuel composition containing the additive.
CA 02241~18 1998-07-30 DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
It has been found that a fuel added with a polyoxyalkylene glycol, which has an average molecular weight of from 500 to 5,000 and contains oxypropylene groups in a proportion of 50 wt% or higher, preferably in the substantial absence of lubricating oil as a diluent can markedly improve the cleanliness of the intake system and combustion chambers of a gasoline engine.
The present invention provides a fuel additive comprising as a principal component, preferably in the substantial absence of lubricating oil as a diluent, a polyoxyalkylene glycol represented by the following formula (1) and having an average molecular weight of from 500 to 5,000:
HO-(AO)n-H (1) wherein A represents an ethylene group or propylene group, n stands for a positive integer, and the content of oxypropylene group(s) is 50 wt% or higher.
In addition, the present invention also provides a fuel composition comprising apetroleum fraction as a principal component and 0.001 to 5 wt%, based on the whole weight of the fuel composition, of the above fuel additive.
The present invention is concemed with the fuel additive and also with the fuel composition containing the fuel additive, as described above. As preferred embodiments, the present invention embraces the following additives and fuel composition:
(1) The fuel additive as described above, in which the polyoxy-alkylene glycol has an average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 3,000.
CA 02241~18 1998-07-30 (2) The fuel additive as described above under (1), in which, in the formula (1) representing the polyoxyalkylene glycol, A represents a propylene group.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a fuel additive and a fuel composition conlainillg the additive, and more specifically to a fuel additive having property excellent in improving the cleanliness of an intake system and a combustion chamber of a gasoline engine and also to a fuel composition containing the additive.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART
Fuel for internal combustion engines, such as gasoline, is well known to have tendency of forming sludge, deposit and the like in intake systems and combustion chambers. Deposit in the intake system of an engine becomes a cause of a reduction in its output, a deterioration in its operability and an il~aulllent in its exhaust emission. Especially, as a result of the move toward gasoline engines of significantly high performance in recent years, the engines are now extremely sensitive in performance to such deposit in their intake systems. Although an electronic control type fuel injection device, for example, permits accurate control of an air-fuel ratio and is effective in improv-ing not only the performance of an engine but also its gas mileage and exhaust emission, formation of deposit on the associated intake valve results in striking of the deposit by gasoline injected from the fuel injection device, thereby failing to properly control the air/fuel ratio. As a consequence, the operability is adversely affected. Further, deposit in a combustion chamber of an engine becomes a cause of an increase in the octane number requirement of the engine.
There has accordingly be a strong demand for the development of an additive which can suppress the forrnation of deposit in both an intake system and a combustion chamber.
CA 02241~18 l99X-07-30 With the object of improving the cleanliness of the intake valves and intake ports of a gasoline engine, fuels with polyetheramine compounds contained therein are disclosed in JP kokai 55-25489, JP kokoku 55-39278, JP
kokoku 56-48556 and JP kokoku 61-33016, and a fuel with a polyisobutene-amine compound contained therein is disclosed in JP kokai 2-261806. These fuels can improve the cleanliness of the intake system of a gasoline engine but,concerning the cleanliness of its combustion chamber, they are not effective butgive rather deleterious effect in many instances. Fulther, JP kokai 4-88091 teaches that a fuel added with a gasoline additive composition, which comprises a polyoxyalkylene glycol having a molecular weight of from 500 to 5,000 or a derivative thereof, an alkylamine and a lubricating oil fraction, can reduce theamount of deposit to be formed on intake valves. However, a fuel with a lubricating oil fraction added therein has been found to deteriorate the clean-liness of combustion chambers of an engine. In addition, JP kokai 3-229797 discloses a fuel which contains a polyetheramine compound. This publication describes to the effect that the fuel can improve the cleanliness of the intake system and combustion chambers of a gasoline engine. Its effect has however been found to be insufficient for the improvement of the cleanliness of the intake system and combustion chambers.
An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel additive containing a particular polyoxyalkylene glycol with property excellent in improving the cleanliness of the intake system and combustion chamber of a gasoline engine and also a fuel composition containing the additive.
CA 02241~18 1998-07-30 DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
It has been found that a fuel added with a polyoxyalkylene glycol, which has an average molecular weight of from 500 to 5,000 and contains oxypropylene groups in a proportion of 50 wt% or higher, preferably in the substantial absence of lubricating oil as a diluent can markedly improve the cleanliness of the intake system and combustion chambers of a gasoline engine.
The present invention provides a fuel additive comprising as a principal component, preferably in the substantial absence of lubricating oil as a diluent, a polyoxyalkylene glycol represented by the following formula (1) and having an average molecular weight of from 500 to 5,000:
HO-(AO)n-H (1) wherein A represents an ethylene group or propylene group, n stands for a positive integer, and the content of oxypropylene group(s) is 50 wt% or higher.
In addition, the present invention also provides a fuel composition comprising apetroleum fraction as a principal component and 0.001 to 5 wt%, based on the whole weight of the fuel composition, of the above fuel additive.
The present invention is concemed with the fuel additive and also with the fuel composition containing the fuel additive, as described above. As preferred embodiments, the present invention embraces the following additives and fuel composition:
(1) The fuel additive as described above, in which the polyoxy-alkylene glycol has an average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 3,000.
CA 02241~18 1998-07-30 (2) The fuel additive as described above under (1), in which, in the formula (1) representing the polyoxyalkylene glycol, A represents a propylene group.
(3) The fuel composition as described above, in which the content of the fuel additive is from 0.05 to 0.5 wt% based on the whole weight of the fuel composition or the fuel additive as described above under (1) or (2) is contained.
The present invention will hereinafter be described in detail.
(A) Fuel Additive The fuel additive according to the present invention contains as a principal component the polyoxyalkylene glycol represented by the formula (1).
In the formula, A is a mixed alkylene group formed of an ethylene group and a propylene group. Preferably, it is a propylene group. In the fuel additive according to the present invention, it is important that the content of oxy-propylene group(s) in the polyoxyalkylene glycol is 50 wt% or higher. A
content of oxypropylene group(s) lower than 50 wt% leads to insufficient solubility in fuel and also to formation of sludge and deposit in a greater amount.
Further, the average molecular weight of the polyoxyalkylene glycol in the present invention is from 500 to 5,000. An average molecular weight lower than 500 leads to a substantial reduction in the preventive effect against the formation of sludge and deposit. An average molecular weight higher than 5,000, on the other hand, results in such a polyoxyalkylene glycol as acting by itself is a cause for sludge and deposit formation. The preferred average molecular weight is from 1,000 to 3,000.
CA 02241~18 1998-07-30 , The polyoxyalkylene glycol in the present invention can be prepared by method(s) known per se in the art. For example, it can be prepared by subjecting ethylene oxide and propylene oxide as raw materials to ring-opening polymerization in the presence of a catalyst. Usable examples of the polymerization catalyst can include metal alkoxides [Al(OR)3, Zn(OR)2 and the like] and organometal compounds [Al(C2Hs)3, Zn(C2Hs)2 and the like]. In the polyoxyalkylene glycol for use in the present invention, oxyethylene groups and oxypropylene groups may be arranged regularly, randomly or as blocks. Since the reactivity of ethylene oxide is higher than that of propylene oxide, the poly-oxyalkylene glycol is in the form of a block polymer in many instances. The proportion of oxypropylene groups in the polyoxyalkylene glycol for use in the present invention can be controlled at 50 wt% or higher based on the average molecular weight of the polyoxyalkylene glycol by adjusting the ratio between ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Further, it is possible to produce a polymer, the average molecular weight of which is from 1,000 to 5,000, by controlling itspolymerization conditions to adjust its polymerization degree and then isolatingit by a distillation method and the like. Such polymers have been produced to date for use as surfactants and also as raw materials for urethane rubber.
"Pluronic" series commercially available from Asahi Denka Kogyo K.K. can be mentioned as examples.
Besides the polyoxyalkylene glycol represented by the formula (1), the fuel additive according to the present invention may contain, at low concentrations, impurities, polymers of low molecular weights, polymers of high molecular weights and the like, which are formed as byproducts in the course of the production. If desired, the fuel additive can be used in a form dissolved in a diluent. As the diluent, a known organic solvent can be used. Illustrative can be saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-hexane, n~heptane and isooctane, CA 02241~18 1998-07-30 aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, and fuels such as ~gasoline]
and gasoline. No particular limitation is imposed on the amount of such a diluent insofar as it is in a range not impairing the performance of the fuel additive according to the present invention. In general, however, the diluent can be used in a proportion of from 0.05 to 20 parts by weight per every part by weight of the polyoxyalkylene glycol of the present invention.
(B) Fuel Composition The fuel composition according to the present invention is obtained by mixing, in a fuel composed of a petroleum fraction as a principal component, the fuel additive of the present invention at a content of from 0.001to 5 wt% based on the whole weight of the fuel composition. No particular limitation is imposed on the manner of mixing such as the order of mixing. A
content lower than 0.001 wt% cannot reduce the forrnation of sludge and deposit to a sufficient extent in the intake system and combustion chambers of a gasoline engine, whereas a content higher than 5 wt% leads to an increase in the amount of sludge and deposit formed. The preferred content ranges from 0.05 to 0.5 wt%. Specific examples of the fuel can be fuels for spark ignition engines, such as No. 1 and No. 2 "motor gasolines" specified under JIS K2202 and the "aviation gasoline" stipulated under JIS K2206. These "motor gasolines" should include reformed motor gasolines, cracked motor gasolines, low-lead motor gasolines, unleaded motor gasolines, and the like.
The petroleum fraction employed in the fuel composition accord-ing to the present invention can be a petroleum fraction having a 10%-distillation temperature of 70~C or lower and a 97%-distillation temperature of 205~C or lower, as distillation properties, and an existent gum content of 5 mg/100 ml orlower. Illustrative can be petroleum fractions produced by atmosphelic distilla-CA 02241~18 1998-07-30 tion of crudes such as paraffin base crude, naphthene base crude, mixed base crude, special crudes, and mixtures thereof, as well as petroleum fractions obtained as a result of treatment of heavy petroleum fractions, which have been produced by atmospheric distillation of such crude, by combining hydrocrack-ing, catalytic cracking, catalytic reforming and the like. These petroleum frac-tions can be used either singly or in combination. Components other than the petroleum fraction can include gas oil fractions derived from oil shale, oil sand, coal and the like; and gas oil fractions synthetically available from methanol.
The fuel composition according to the present invention can also contain one or more known fuel additives as desired to extents not impairing itsperformance. Examples of the known fuel additives can include surface ignition preventing agents such as tricresyl phosphate (TCP) and trimethyl phosphate;
metal deactivators led by salicylidene derivatives such as N,N'-salicylidene diaminopropane; anti-icing additives such as alcohols and succinimide; corro-sion inhibitors such as aliphatic amine salts, sulfonate salts and alkylamine phosphates; antistatic agents such as anionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants; coloring agents such as azo dyes; phenols such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresole; and antioxidants typified by aromatic amines such as phenyl-à-naphthylamine. These additives can be used either singly or in combination.
The amount of each additive can be, but is not limited to, 0.5 wt% or smaller.
In addition, the fuel composition according to the present invention may also contain an oxygen-containing compound to an extent not impairing its performance. Illustrative can be methanol, ethanol, methyl tert-butyl ether, andethyl tert-butyl ether. The amount of the oxygen-containing compound can be, but is not limited to, in a range of from 0. 1 to 10% based on the whole weight of the fuel composition.
CA 02241~18 1998-07-30 EXAMPLES
The present invention will hereinafter be described in further detail by the following examples. It should however be borne in mind that the present invention is by no means limited by the following examples. In the following examples, the following petroleum fraction and Compound I were used. A
quantitation method of oxypropylene groups and a cleanliness performance test method will also be described.
(1) Petroleum fraction (base fuel) Properties of a petroleum fraction used as a base fuel are shown in Table 1.
Specific gravity (g/cm3, at 15~C) 0.7486 Distillation properties (~C) Initial boiling point 31.5 10% 43 0 50% 99.0 90% 144.0 End point 178.0 Road octane number 100 Existent gum (mg/100 me) Unwashed 2. 1 Washed 0.3 Hydrocarbon type (vol%) Aromatics 36.9 Olefins 16. 1 Sulfur (wppm) 9 CA 02241~18 1998-07-30 (2) Compound I
A polyoxyalkylene glycol represented by the formula HO-(EO)a-(Po)b-(Eo)c-H (2) wherein E is an ethylene group, P is a propylene group, a+c is 2.4, b is 16.4, and the content of oxypropylene groups is 88.5 wt%; ("Pluronic L3 1, trade name;
product of Asahi Denka Kogyo K.K.). Its average molecular weight is 1,075.
(3) Quantitation of oxypropylene ~roups The content of the oxypropylene groups contained in Compound 1 was determined by 13C-NMR spectroscopy.
The present invention will hereinafter be described in detail.
(A) Fuel Additive The fuel additive according to the present invention contains as a principal component the polyoxyalkylene glycol represented by the formula (1).
In the formula, A is a mixed alkylene group formed of an ethylene group and a propylene group. Preferably, it is a propylene group. In the fuel additive according to the present invention, it is important that the content of oxy-propylene group(s) in the polyoxyalkylene glycol is 50 wt% or higher. A
content of oxypropylene group(s) lower than 50 wt% leads to insufficient solubility in fuel and also to formation of sludge and deposit in a greater amount.
Further, the average molecular weight of the polyoxyalkylene glycol in the present invention is from 500 to 5,000. An average molecular weight lower than 500 leads to a substantial reduction in the preventive effect against the formation of sludge and deposit. An average molecular weight higher than 5,000, on the other hand, results in such a polyoxyalkylene glycol as acting by itself is a cause for sludge and deposit formation. The preferred average molecular weight is from 1,000 to 3,000.
CA 02241~18 1998-07-30 , The polyoxyalkylene glycol in the present invention can be prepared by method(s) known per se in the art. For example, it can be prepared by subjecting ethylene oxide and propylene oxide as raw materials to ring-opening polymerization in the presence of a catalyst. Usable examples of the polymerization catalyst can include metal alkoxides [Al(OR)3, Zn(OR)2 and the like] and organometal compounds [Al(C2Hs)3, Zn(C2Hs)2 and the like]. In the polyoxyalkylene glycol for use in the present invention, oxyethylene groups and oxypropylene groups may be arranged regularly, randomly or as blocks. Since the reactivity of ethylene oxide is higher than that of propylene oxide, the poly-oxyalkylene glycol is in the form of a block polymer in many instances. The proportion of oxypropylene groups in the polyoxyalkylene glycol for use in the present invention can be controlled at 50 wt% or higher based on the average molecular weight of the polyoxyalkylene glycol by adjusting the ratio between ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Further, it is possible to produce a polymer, the average molecular weight of which is from 1,000 to 5,000, by controlling itspolymerization conditions to adjust its polymerization degree and then isolatingit by a distillation method and the like. Such polymers have been produced to date for use as surfactants and also as raw materials for urethane rubber.
"Pluronic" series commercially available from Asahi Denka Kogyo K.K. can be mentioned as examples.
Besides the polyoxyalkylene glycol represented by the formula (1), the fuel additive according to the present invention may contain, at low concentrations, impurities, polymers of low molecular weights, polymers of high molecular weights and the like, which are formed as byproducts in the course of the production. If desired, the fuel additive can be used in a form dissolved in a diluent. As the diluent, a known organic solvent can be used. Illustrative can be saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-hexane, n~heptane and isooctane, CA 02241~18 1998-07-30 aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, and fuels such as ~gasoline]
and gasoline. No particular limitation is imposed on the amount of such a diluent insofar as it is in a range not impairing the performance of the fuel additive according to the present invention. In general, however, the diluent can be used in a proportion of from 0.05 to 20 parts by weight per every part by weight of the polyoxyalkylene glycol of the present invention.
(B) Fuel Composition The fuel composition according to the present invention is obtained by mixing, in a fuel composed of a petroleum fraction as a principal component, the fuel additive of the present invention at a content of from 0.001to 5 wt% based on the whole weight of the fuel composition. No particular limitation is imposed on the manner of mixing such as the order of mixing. A
content lower than 0.001 wt% cannot reduce the forrnation of sludge and deposit to a sufficient extent in the intake system and combustion chambers of a gasoline engine, whereas a content higher than 5 wt% leads to an increase in the amount of sludge and deposit formed. The preferred content ranges from 0.05 to 0.5 wt%. Specific examples of the fuel can be fuels for spark ignition engines, such as No. 1 and No. 2 "motor gasolines" specified under JIS K2202 and the "aviation gasoline" stipulated under JIS K2206. These "motor gasolines" should include reformed motor gasolines, cracked motor gasolines, low-lead motor gasolines, unleaded motor gasolines, and the like.
The petroleum fraction employed in the fuel composition accord-ing to the present invention can be a petroleum fraction having a 10%-distillation temperature of 70~C or lower and a 97%-distillation temperature of 205~C or lower, as distillation properties, and an existent gum content of 5 mg/100 ml orlower. Illustrative can be petroleum fractions produced by atmosphelic distilla-CA 02241~18 1998-07-30 tion of crudes such as paraffin base crude, naphthene base crude, mixed base crude, special crudes, and mixtures thereof, as well as petroleum fractions obtained as a result of treatment of heavy petroleum fractions, which have been produced by atmospheric distillation of such crude, by combining hydrocrack-ing, catalytic cracking, catalytic reforming and the like. These petroleum frac-tions can be used either singly or in combination. Components other than the petroleum fraction can include gas oil fractions derived from oil shale, oil sand, coal and the like; and gas oil fractions synthetically available from methanol.
The fuel composition according to the present invention can also contain one or more known fuel additives as desired to extents not impairing itsperformance. Examples of the known fuel additives can include surface ignition preventing agents such as tricresyl phosphate (TCP) and trimethyl phosphate;
metal deactivators led by salicylidene derivatives such as N,N'-salicylidene diaminopropane; anti-icing additives such as alcohols and succinimide; corro-sion inhibitors such as aliphatic amine salts, sulfonate salts and alkylamine phosphates; antistatic agents such as anionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants; coloring agents such as azo dyes; phenols such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresole; and antioxidants typified by aromatic amines such as phenyl-à-naphthylamine. These additives can be used either singly or in combination.
The amount of each additive can be, but is not limited to, 0.5 wt% or smaller.
In addition, the fuel composition according to the present invention may also contain an oxygen-containing compound to an extent not impairing its performance. Illustrative can be methanol, ethanol, methyl tert-butyl ether, andethyl tert-butyl ether. The amount of the oxygen-containing compound can be, but is not limited to, in a range of from 0. 1 to 10% based on the whole weight of the fuel composition.
CA 02241~18 1998-07-30 EXAMPLES
The present invention will hereinafter be described in further detail by the following examples. It should however be borne in mind that the present invention is by no means limited by the following examples. In the following examples, the following petroleum fraction and Compound I were used. A
quantitation method of oxypropylene groups and a cleanliness performance test method will also be described.
(1) Petroleum fraction (base fuel) Properties of a petroleum fraction used as a base fuel are shown in Table 1.
Specific gravity (g/cm3, at 15~C) 0.7486 Distillation properties (~C) Initial boiling point 31.5 10% 43 0 50% 99.0 90% 144.0 End point 178.0 Road octane number 100 Existent gum (mg/100 me) Unwashed 2. 1 Washed 0.3 Hydrocarbon type (vol%) Aromatics 36.9 Olefins 16. 1 Sulfur (wppm) 9 CA 02241~18 1998-07-30 (2) Compound I
A polyoxyalkylene glycol represented by the formula HO-(EO)a-(Po)b-(Eo)c-H (2) wherein E is an ethylene group, P is a propylene group, a+c is 2.4, b is 16.4, and the content of oxypropylene groups is 88.5 wt%; ("Pluronic L3 1, trade name;
product of Asahi Denka Kogyo K.K.). Its average molecular weight is 1,075.
(3) Quantitation of oxypropylene ~roups The content of the oxypropylene groups contained in Compound 1 was determined by 13C-NMR spectroscopy.
(4) Cleanliness performance test method After a test engine shown in Table 2 was operated under operation conditions presented in Table 3, the test engine was disassembled. Deposit (hereinafter called "IVD") formed on its intake valves and deposit (hereinafter called "CCD") formed in its combustion chambers were scraped off and their weights were measured.
CA 02241~18 1998-07-30 Engine type 4-stroke O.H.C.
Bore x stroke (mm) 65 x 58 Number of cylinders 2 Total displacement (me) 359 Compression ratio 8.5: l Maximum output (ps/rpm) 12.2/3600 Maximum torque (kg-cm/lpm)240/3000 Engine speed (rpm) 3000 Load (W) 2400 Coolant temperature (~C) 82 Air/fuel ratio 12 Test duration (hours) 20 Lubricating oil "Esso Super Flow" (lOW-30) EXAMPLE
A fuel composition was prepared by mixing Compound l in the petroleum fraction shown in Tal~le 1. A cleanliness perfolmance test was conducted on the thus-prepared fuel composition. The content of Compound 1 in the fuel composition and the results of the cleanliness pel~olmance test are shown in Table 4. The results of the cleanliness performance test were presentedin terms of changes (%) relative to the cleanliness performance of the base fuelnot added with Compound 1.
CA 02241~18 1998-07-30 Example Content in fuel composition (wt%) Compound 1 0.1 Cleanliness performance (change * 1%) IVD*2 - 60 IVD*3 - 42 * 1 Change: Percentage (%) of a change relative to the cleanliness performance of the base fuel *2 IVD: Change in the amount of deposit formed on the intake valves.
*3 CCD: Change in the amount of deposit formed in the combustion chambers.
As is evident from Table 4, the fuel composition according to the present invention, which contained Compound 1, achieved substantial reductions in both IVD and CCD compared with the fuel which did not contain Compound 1.
As has been described in detail and specifically in the above, the present invention can provide a ffiel additive, which contains as a principal component a polyoxyalkylene glycol represented by the formula (1) and having an average molecular weight of from 500 to 5,000, and also a fuel composition cont~ining the fuel additive at a content of from 0.001 to 5 wt%. The fuel composition has excellent cleanliness perfolrnance for the intake system and combustion chamber(s) of a gasoline engine.
CA 02241~18 1998-07-30 Engine type 4-stroke O.H.C.
Bore x stroke (mm) 65 x 58 Number of cylinders 2 Total displacement (me) 359 Compression ratio 8.5: l Maximum output (ps/rpm) 12.2/3600 Maximum torque (kg-cm/lpm)240/3000 Engine speed (rpm) 3000 Load (W) 2400 Coolant temperature (~C) 82 Air/fuel ratio 12 Test duration (hours) 20 Lubricating oil "Esso Super Flow" (lOW-30) EXAMPLE
A fuel composition was prepared by mixing Compound l in the petroleum fraction shown in Tal~le 1. A cleanliness perfolmance test was conducted on the thus-prepared fuel composition. The content of Compound 1 in the fuel composition and the results of the cleanliness pel~olmance test are shown in Table 4. The results of the cleanliness performance test were presentedin terms of changes (%) relative to the cleanliness performance of the base fuelnot added with Compound 1.
CA 02241~18 1998-07-30 Example Content in fuel composition (wt%) Compound 1 0.1 Cleanliness performance (change * 1%) IVD*2 - 60 IVD*3 - 42 * 1 Change: Percentage (%) of a change relative to the cleanliness performance of the base fuel *2 IVD: Change in the amount of deposit formed on the intake valves.
*3 CCD: Change in the amount of deposit formed in the combustion chambers.
As is evident from Table 4, the fuel composition according to the present invention, which contained Compound 1, achieved substantial reductions in both IVD and CCD compared with the fuel which did not contain Compound 1.
As has been described in detail and specifically in the above, the present invention can provide a ffiel additive, which contains as a principal component a polyoxyalkylene glycol represented by the formula (1) and having an average molecular weight of from 500 to 5,000, and also a fuel composition cont~ining the fuel additive at a content of from 0.001 to 5 wt%. The fuel composition has excellent cleanliness perfolrnance for the intake system and combustion chamber(s) of a gasoline engine.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel additive comprising as a principal component a polyoxyalkylene glycol represented by the formula HO-(AO)n-H
and having an average molecular weight of from 500 to 5,000, and wherein A represents an ethylene group or propylene group, n stands for a positive integer, and the content of oxypropylene group(s) is 50 wt% or higher.
and having an average molecular weight of from 500 to 5,000, and wherein A represents an ethylene group or propylene group, n stands for a positive integer, and the content of oxypropylene group(s) is 50 wt% or higher.
2. A fuel additive according to claim 1, wherein said polyoxyalkylene glycol has an average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 3,000.
3. A fuel additive according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, in the formula (1) representing said polyoxyalkylene glycol, A represents a propylene group.
4. A fuel composition comprising a petroleum fraction as a principal component and 0.001 to 5 wt%, based on the whole weight of said fuel composition, of a fuel additive according to claim 1 or 2.
5. A fuel composition according to claim 4, wherein the content of said fuel additive is from 0.05 to 0.5 wt% based on the whole weight of said fuel composition.
6. A method for reducing deposit formation in the intake system and combustion chamber of gasoline fueled engines comprising running the gasoline fueled engine on a gasoline fuel containing a fuel additive comprising as a principal component a polyoxyalkylene glycol of the formula HO-(AO)n-H, having an average molecular weight of from 500 to 5,000, and wherein A
represents an ethylene group or propylene group, n is a positive integer and thecontent of oxypryrylene group(s) is 50 wt% or higher.
represents an ethylene group or propylene group, n is a positive integer and thecontent of oxypryrylene group(s) is 50 wt% or higher.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the polyoxyalkylene glycol has a number average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 3,000.
8. The method of claim 6 or 7 wherein A is polypropylene group.
9. The method of claim 6 or 7 wherein the fuel contains from 0.001 to 5 wt% of the polyoxyalkylene glycol.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the fuel contains from 0.05 to 0.5 wt% of the polyoxyalkylene glycol.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9219069A JPH1150068A (en) | 1997-07-30 | 1997-07-30 | Fuel oil additive and fuel and fuel oil composition containing the same |
| JP219069/77 | 1997-07-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2241518A1 true CA2241518A1 (en) | 1999-01-30 |
Family
ID=16729789
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002241518A Abandoned CA2241518A1 (en) | 1997-07-30 | 1998-07-30 | Fuel additive and fuel composition containing the additive |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0894844A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH1150068A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2241518A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4550237B2 (en) * | 2000-07-21 | 2010-09-22 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | Fuel oil additive and fuel oil composition |
| SI3042878T1 (en) | 2015-01-07 | 2019-07-31 | Omya International Ag | Process to obtain an ultrafine GCC with high light scattering properties and high solid content |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2425845A (en) * | 1945-04-21 | 1947-08-19 | Carbide & Carbon Chem Corp | Mixtures of polyoxyalkylene diols and methods of making such mixtures |
| US3030939A (en) * | 1958-07-10 | 1962-04-24 | Standard Oil Co | Method of operating spark-ignition combustion engine |
| GB1346765A (en) * | 1970-06-16 | 1974-02-13 | Shell Int Research | Fuel compositions |
| US4548616A (en) * | 1984-06-14 | 1985-10-22 | Texaco Inc. | Gasoline containing as additive poly(oxyethylene) poly(oxypropylene) poly(oxyethylene) polyol to reduce octane requirement increase |
| US5242469A (en) * | 1990-06-07 | 1993-09-07 | Tonen Corporation | Gasoline additive composition |
| JPH0488091A (en) * | 1990-07-30 | 1992-03-19 | Tonen Corp | Additive composition for gasoline |
| GB2261441B (en) * | 1991-11-18 | 1995-10-11 | Ethyl Petroleum Additives Inc | Fuel compositions |
| AU668151B2 (en) * | 1992-05-06 | 1996-04-26 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Composition for control of induction system deposits |
| AU678514B2 (en) * | 1993-10-06 | 1997-05-29 | Ethyl Corporation | Fuel compositions and additives therefor |
-
1997
- 1997-07-30 JP JP9219069A patent/JPH1150068A/en active Pending
-
1998
- 1998-07-29 EP EP98306034A patent/EP0894844A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-07-30 CA CA002241518A patent/CA2241518A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0894844A1 (en) | 1999-02-03 |
| JPH1150068A (en) | 1999-02-23 |
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