CA2239213A1 - Man-made vitreous fibre products and their use in fire protection systems - Google Patents
Man-made vitreous fibre products and their use in fire protection systems Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2239213A1 CA2239213A1 CA002239213A CA2239213A CA2239213A1 CA 2239213 A1 CA2239213 A1 CA 2239213A1 CA 002239213 A CA002239213 A CA 002239213A CA 2239213 A CA2239213 A CA 2239213A CA 2239213 A1 CA2239213 A1 CA 2239213A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- product according
- web
- fibres
- particulate
- endothermic material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011160 magnesium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 17
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052599 brucite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 calcium carbonate Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004887 ferric hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEECXTSVVFWGSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron(3+);oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Fe+3] IEECXTSVVFWGSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910021506 iron(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Fe+2] NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003987 resole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011369 resultant mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021646 siderite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/04—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by using centrifugal force, e.g. spinning through radial orifices; Construction of the spinner cups therefor
- C03B37/05—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by using centrifugal force, e.g. spinning through radial orifices; Construction of the spinner cups therefor by projecting molten glass on a rotating body having no radial orifices
- C03B37/055—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by using centrifugal force, e.g. spinning through radial orifices; Construction of the spinner cups therefor by projecting molten glass on a rotating body having no radial orifices by projecting onto and spinning off the outer surface of the rotating body
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
- C03C1/02—Pretreated ingredients
- C03C1/024—Chemical treatment of cullet or glass fibres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
- C03C25/10—Coating
- C03C25/12—General methods of coating; Devices therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
- C03C25/10—Coating
- C03C25/465—Coatings containing composite materials
- C03C25/47—Coatings containing composite materials containing particles, fibres or flakes, e.g. in a continuous phase
Abstract
A fire and high temperature protection product is provided which comprises an air laid web of mineral fibres through which is substantially uniformly distributed a particulate endothermic material which has a mean particle size above 5 .mu.m and is bonded to the mineral fibres of the web and is a material which is a carbonate and/or hydrate and which is heat stable at up to 200 .degree.C and decomposes endothermically at a temperature above 200 .degree.C.
Description
W O 97/20780 PCT~EP96/05300 MAN-MADE VITREOUS FIBRE PRODUcTS AND THEIR USE
IN FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
This invention relates to man-made vitreous fibre (MMVF) products which are constructed to be useful for fire protection.
Many fire protection products depend, at least in part, on the endothermic properties of a component in the product to provide fire protection. For instance gypsum is a calcium ~ulphate hydrate. If a high temperature ~lame is applied to one surface of a gypsum board, the he~ted gypsum decomposes with absorption of heat and liberates water.
Accordingly, a fire front will gradually transfer through the thickness of the board, with the temperature on the side distant from the flame being maintained at 100~C or less.
Since the effectiveness of a product made using an endothermic material is proportional, inter alia, to the amount of the endothermic material, it is desirable for the product to have a high concentration of the endothermic material. For instance a gypsum board generally consists almost entirely of gypsum. Unfortunately such materials are physically very weak.
It is proposed in CH 382060 to include some endothermic materials in an MMVF product. A product is mentioned which allegedly contains 25 to 30 % by weight glass fibres and 70 to 75 % by weight Kieselguhr bonded into the fibres by a phenolic binder. Apparently it is made by introducing Kieselguhr into a preformed web.
It is difficult to introduce inorganic particulate material into a preformed MMVF product in a satisfactory manner. For instance, if the inorganic additive is sufficiently finely ground it may be possible to inject the powder into the web but it will then dust out of the web again. It is also possible to impregnate the web with an aqueous slurry of the finely ground powder, but the web then has to be dried and this is uneconomic.
W O 97/20780 PCT~EP96/05300 So far as we are aware, the products described in CH
382060 have not been commercialised successfully. This is probably due, in part, to the fact that the endothermic material was always very finely ground so as to allow its introduction into the preformed web, and was not adequately bonded into the web.
Many of the bonding agents which are conveniently used for MMVF products require being heated to a high temperature, for instance 200~C or higher, in order to cure them. Endothermic materials which have an endothermic decomposition temperature well below 200~C (such as Kieselguhr) are therefore likely to undergo decomposition during curing.
It would be desirable to be able to combine the known properties of an air laid web of MMV fibres with the fire protection properties of endothermic materials without incurring the manufacturing difficulties and the other disadvantages of known products, such as described in CH
382060.
A fire protection material according to the invention comprises an air laid web of MMVF fibres through which is substantially uniformly distributed a particulate endothermic material, wherein the endothermic material has a particle size above 5 ~m and is bonded to the MMV fibres of the web and is a material which is a carbonate or a hydrate and the particles are heat stable at up to 200~C
and decompose endothermically at a temperature above 200~C.
The particulate endothermic material must be heat stable at temperatures up to 200~C. That is, it must not undergo substantial endothermic decomposition a~
temperatures of 200~C or less, preferably 240~C or less.
Heat stability at temperatures up to 200~C may be obtained in various ways. For instance the material chosen may be such that it undergoes no endothermic decomposition at temperatures below 200~C. In this way it can be subjected to high temperatures but retain its ability to decompose endothermically when the fire protection product is in use.
W O 97/20780 PCT~EP96/05300 AlternatiVely particulate materials may be used wherein the particles tend to begin endothermic decomposition below 200~C but which are provided in such a form that they do not undergo substantial decomposition at temperatures up to 200~C. In this way they also retain their ability to decompose endothermically when the fire protection product is in use. Such materials may undergo small amounts of decomposition at temperatures of up to 2000c, but they do not undergo substantial decomposition and thus are heat stable.
Preferred materials liberate carbon dioxide and/or water of crystallisation only at temperatures above 200~C.
Suitable materials are magnesium hydroxide, calcite (calcium carbonate), dolomite, siderite, aragonite, magnesite, brucite, magnesium carbonate, barium carbonate, barium hydroxide, ferric hydroxide, ferrous hydroxide, pyrite, and silicon compounds with water of crystallisation which do not liberate any water at temperatures up to 200~C.
The particle size of the endothermic material must be above 5 ~m. Accordingly normally 90% by weight of the particles are above 5 ~m. Preferably the particle size is at least 90 % above 10 ~m, more preferably at least ~0~
above 15~m. ~or materials which undergo no decomposition below 200~C, it can be at least 90 % below 200 ~m, for instance at least 90 % below 100 ~m. Expressed as mean particle sizes, the preferred ranges are 5 or 10 to lOO~m, preferably 10 to 70~m, most preferably 15 to 50~m. A mean particle size of around 15 to 50 ~m, often around 35 ~m, is often satisfactory.
Alternative materials are those which tend to liberate carbon dioxide and/or (in particular) water of crystallisation at temperatures below 200OC, but which are provided in a form such that liberation of carbon dioxide and/or water is minimised. For instance, materials which hav~ a temperature of decomposition of between 150~C and 200~C, for instance from 180 to zOo~C, may be provided in W O 97/20780 PCT/EP96/0~300 the form of especially coarse particles. We find surprisingly that materials of this type in the form of coarse particles can withstand temperatures up to 200~C, and o~ten up to 240~C, without substantial decomposition by S release of water of crystallisation and/or carbon dioxide.
Preferred materials of this type are those which liberate water of crystallisation, for instance aluminium hydroxide, which if used in the form of fine grains loses all its water of crystallisation at around 185~C.
For these materials suitable mean particle sizes are at leas~ 100~m, often at least 500~m, and even up to 3mm, such as from 0.5 to 1.5mm.
Materials which liberate carbon dioxide at temperatures below 200~C when in fine-grain form can also be provided in coarse-grain form to render them heat stable at temperatures up to 200~c in the same way as for materials which release water o~ crystallisation.
One preferred class of materials is the class of those which liberate carbon dioxide, such as calcium carbonate, and especially such materials which liberate carbon dioxide at temperatures above 400~C and preferably above 600~C.
For instance calcium carbonate liberates carbon dioxide endothermically at temperatures in the range 700 to 1000~C.
Another class of materials is the class of crystalline materials which liberate water of hydration at temperatures of above 200~C, preferably above 240~C, for instance 270 to 370~C or higher.
Materials, or mixtures of materials, which have dif~erent endothermic reactions at two or more temperatures are very desirable since it spreads fire resistance over a large scale. For instance a mixture of hydrate and carbonate is desirable for this reason.
It is desirable that the material, or each material in the mixture, should have as high an endothermic energy as possible. Some materials which might have a high endothermic energy are excluded because they decompose completely at below 200~C. A particularly preferred W O 97~0780 PCT~EP96/05300 material is magnesium hydroxide since it ha high endothermic energy and is stable at 200~C and is conveniently available in coarse particle size.
~ The particle size of the endothermic material should preferably be as coarse as is reasonably possible so as to allow good bonding of the endothermic material into the web without need for the use of a large amount of bonding agent. For instance the surface area of 1 gram of a 1 ~m filler typically is around 50 times the surface area of 1 gr~m of a 50 ~m filler. Thus a 50 ~m filler requires very much less binder, for satisfactory binding propertieS, than a 1 ~m filler. In the invention, by using relatively coarse endothermic particulate material, it is possible to maintain good bonding using an amount of binder which is no~ unacceptably more than the amount which would be used in the absence of the endothermic material. For instance the dry weight of binder is typically in the range 1 to 3 % in the conventional MMVF product and in the invention good bonding can be achieved when the amount of binder is about the same or not more than 50 to lOo % more, for instance within the range 2 to 6 % by weight of the product.
The invention is particularly useful when the particulate material is abrasive, but it can be used for softer, less abrasive particulate materials.
It is necessary that the MMVF product should be bonded into the web in order that there is little or no dusting of the product from the web during transport and handling.
Very small amounts of dusting are acceptable since the product can be covered on each surface by a fire resistant and temperature stable covering such as aluminium foil or other coating, but excessive dusting is unacceptable. A
suitable test for determining whether or not it is satisfactorily bonded is that described by Schneider et al, Ann. OccuP. HYq., Vol. 37, No. 6, pp 631--644,1993.
The binder which is used for bonding the endothermic material into the MMVF product can be any of the binders W O 97/20780 PCTfEP96/0~300 conventionally used for bonding MMVF products. The amount of binder is generally in the range 2 to 6 % by weight of the product.
The web of MMVF fibres must be an air laid web as it is impracticable to wet lay it and then to dry it. As is well known, an air laid MMVF web has (even after compression) a much lower density than a wet laid product.
For instance the air laid web (excluding the endothermic material, which also acts as a filler) will always have a density below 300kg/m , often below 250 kg/m . Impregnating a preformed fibre web with the endothermic material will give a non-uniform or otherwise unsatisfactory product, with more endothermic material adjacent the side of entry than elsewhere. Impregnation with an aqueous slurry is wasteful of ener~y because of the need to dry the material.
The air laid web may be formed by applying mineral melt to a rotating fiberising rotor thereby throwing the melt from the periphery as fibres and forming a substantially annular cloud of the fibres, spraying binder into the annular cloud of fibres, carrying the fibres axially from the rotor towards a collector surface, mixing the endothermic material with the fibres and collecting the mixture of fibres and endothermic material on the collecting surface as a web. This web may be the web of 2~ the final fire resistant product or, more usually, the initial web is laminated upon itself and is then compressed to form a batt, and it may be this compressed batt which is used as the web in the fire resistant product of the invention.
In order that the coarse, particulate, endothermic material is bonded into the web, it is preferred that the particulate material is coated with binder before it is mixed with the MMVF fibres. A preferred way of making the product of the invention comprises forming the annular cloud of MMVF fibres as described above, coating the endothermic particulate material with binder and mixing the coated particulate material into the cloud, and collecting W O 97/20780 PCT~EP9~/05300 the resultant mixture on a collector ~urface as a web.
Additional binder is usually sprayed into the cloud to increase fibre-fibre bonding.
A preferred way of coating the particulate endothermic material with binder is to form a slurry of the particulate material in a~ueous binder, in which event the particulate material can then be introduced into the annular cloud by spraying. In practice, the slurry will normally contain at least 5 %, by weight of the slurry, of the particulate lo endothermic material but the amount is often above 10 % or even 20 %. It can be as much as 60 % but is usually not more than about 40 ~.
It is desirable for the specific gravity of the slurry to be high since this increases the penetration of the slurry into the annular cloud. The specific gravity can be at least 1.0 and is usually at least 1.1, preferably at least 1.2 and usually at least 1.3 and often at least 1.4.
It is usually below 2, generally below 1.7. In order to facilitate spraying, it is desirable that the slurry should be reasonably stable against settlement and the aqueous binder therefore preferably includes a dispersion stabiliser that will inhibit settling. The dispersion stabiliser may be any suitable viscosifier, but preferably it is a colloidal material since the presence of colloidal material in the aqueous phase can both inhibit settlement of the filler and ad~ust the rheology of the slurry so as to facilitate spraying.
Prefera~ly the dispersion stabiliser is a clay and thus the slurry is preferably a slurry of particulate endothermic material having a size above S ~m, often above 10 ~m and preferably above 30~m in an a~ueous dispersion of clay particles typically having a size below 5 ~m often below 3 ~m. The amount of clay or other colloidal material in the slurry is typically in the range 0.5 to 10% based on the weight of slurry, often up to 7~, generally 1.5 to 5 %.
The amount of clay, if used, in the air laid product is generally in the range 0.5 to 3 %. The clay can tend to have a binding effect and thus may serve not only as a dispersion stabiliser but also as part or all of the binder. Preferably, however, organic resin binder is also used.
A suitable method for spraying such a slurry into the annular cloud so as to form a bonded air laid web is described in our International Publication No. W097/20781.
Suitable apparatus for use in this method is described in our International Publication No. W097/20779.
In another aspect of the invention, a fire protection product comprises a bonded web of MMV fibres in which is distributed an endothermic material selected from magnesium hydroxide and carbonates that do not undergo endothermic decomposition at up to 200~C and decompose endothermically at above 200~C. Preferably the web contains magnesium hydroxide in an amount of at least 5~, more preferably at least 10% by weight of the total material. The endothermic material may be introduced in any convenient size and method and may or may not be distributed uniformly and may or may not be bonded. Preferably it is distributed uniformly and is bonded and is in the form of particles of size above 5 ~m, often above lO~m.
In all aspects of the invention, the amount of endothermic material is usually in the range 5 to 50%, e.g.
25 to 30%.
The fire resistant products of the invention can be in the form of slabs, mats, pipes or granulate. When in the form of slabs they may be provided in the form of a laminate between steel sheets. Products of this type are particularly suitable for use as fire doors. The fibrous products can have a density in the range of 10 to 300 kg/m3.
The mineral fibres of the product can be made from glass, rock, stone, or slag but preferably they are made ED St~ET
PCT~P96/05300 from rock, stone or slag because of the extreme fire resistance of these fibres.
The spinner can be of the s pinning cup type described in EP 530843 or of the Downey type as described in US
2944284 and US 3343933, but preferably tha rotor is mounted about a substantially horizontal axis and has a solid periphery and is constructed to receive melt applied onto the periphery and to throw mineral fibres off the periphery. Most preferably it is a cascade spinner containing 2, 3 or 4 such rotors. A suitable cascade spinner is described in, for instance, W092/06047. When the endothermic particulate material is being applied by spraying a slurry, the slurry may be sprayed coaxially from, for instance, the last fiberising rotor and/or the penultimate fiberising rotor and if desired binder may be sprayed coaxially from the other fiberising rotors.
Accordingly the annular cloud of fibres into which the slurry is laid will not be a true annulus but will instead merely extend forward fro~ the outermost parts of the cascade.
The following is an example of the invention. In this example, a spinner is used as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 shows a cross-section through a rotor which forms part of the spinner.
Figure 2 shows a front view of a further rotor according to the invention showing an alternative liquid flow outlet.
Figure 1 shows a solid rotor 1 of the type used in a cascade spinner mounted on a rotatable shaft 3. Fixed to the rotor is a liquid distribution means 16 having a distribution surface 11. The substantially frustoconical surface 11 is a concave surface containing a plurality of grooves 18, of which six are illustrated. The distribution surface has a short edge 12 and a long edge 14, the long edge 14 being forward of the short edge 12. The long edge 14 is at a radius 0.6 R, where R is the radius of the W O 97/20780 PCT~EP96/05300 rotor. The rotor 1 is supported, on the rotating shaft 3, by roller bearings 32. The non-rotatable liquid flow duct S is supported on bearings 30, usually roller bearings, between the rotating shaft 3 and the non-rotatable liquid flow duct 5. The non-rotatable liquid flow duct 5 leads into and is fixed to the liquid flow outlet 7, which is also non-rotatable. This has two (or more) radially extending discharge orifices. The radially extending discharge orifices may be inclined rearwardly at an angle of 10-45~ so as to ensure discharged liquid meets the distribution surface at the smallest possible radius.
In use a suspension of particulate solids in an aqueous phase is supplied (supply means not shown) to the liquid flow duct 5 which extends through the rotatable shaft 3, and into the liquid flow outlet 7. The suspension then passes through the orifices 9.
The partially atomised suspension passes across an air gap in the direction of the arrows and onto the distribution surface 11. The rapid spinning of the liquid distribution means 16 induces radial outward movement of the suspension, guided by the grooves 18, to the end points 2 0 of the grooves at the edge 14. From these end points the suspension is flung in atomised form from the distri~ution surface radially outwards and forward of the rotor.
If any suspension fails to travel radially outwards along the grooves 18, but tends to leak back into the apparatus, it passes along the inlet channel 28 into the rotating annular chamber 24. Rotation of the chamber induces the suspension to move to the outer wall o~ the Ch~ h~-~, from where it flows along outlet channel 26 onto the distribution surface at its short edge. A seal 34 is positioned between the chamber 24 and the roller bearings 30. Leakage into other regions of the apparatus is thus avoided.
Concurrently, melt is applied to the periphery 22 of the rotor 1 which is spinning rapidly and flinging the melt W ~ 97/20780 PCTrEP96/05300 from the periphery as fibres. The fibres are blown forward ~y conven~ional air supply means (not shown) in an annular cloud. As the fibres are blown forward they are met by the - atomised suspension from the li~uid distribution means.
The suspension and additives it contains penetrate the annular cloud and coat the fibres.
The fibres are then collected as a web cont~ini ng uniformly distributed additive on a collector in conventional manner. The web may be subjected to cross-lo lapping to form a batt, and the product may ~e compressedand heat cured in conventional manner.
Figure 2 shows an alternative construction for the liquid flow outlet 7. In this construction it is in the form of a slot covering around 135~ of the possible 360~.
Liquid additive exits the liquid flow duct S through the slot 36 and is passed to the liquid distribution surface 11. The liquid additive flows over the region 38. The "spiral" type path of the liquid arises as a result of the rapid rotation of the distribution surface in a clockwise direction. In other embodiments rotation can be in an anticlockwise direction. The liquid additive is thus flung from the long edge 14 of the distribution surface in a substantially upward direction over around 135~ of the circumference of the distribution surface.
~xamPle 1 A suspension of resol formaldehyde binder in water is placed in a pulper. A slurry having specific gravity above 1.1 is produced by mixing with the binder dispersion particulate magnesium hydroxide having a mean size of 35~m.
The slurry is included in fibres at the point of fibre formation by means o~ the apparatus and process of Figure 1 described above. A slab product is produced from the resulting fibres.
The same process is carried out without the use of magnesium hydroxide fire retardant material.
Both the fire resistant slab according to the invention (slab A) and the conventional slab (slab B) were CA 022392l3 l998-06-Ol W O 97/20780 PCT~EP96/05300 subjected to a standard fire test according to IS0 834.
Results are shown in Table 1 below. These illustrate the temperature on the cold side of the slab after a certain time.
The results shown indicate the gradual increase in temperature on the cold side of the slab as a result of heat passing through the slab. In some products a very rapid increase in temperature followed by a very rapid decrease in temperature can be observed. This is due to combustion of binder. This combustion is minimised in slab A of the invention.
As can be seen from the results below the time for the temperature on the cold side of the slab to rise to 190~C
or greater is more than three times as long with slab A
than with slab B, showing the improved fire and heat resistance of the products of the invention. Poor results are also obtained when magnesium hydroxide is used having an average particle size of 2 ~m.
CA 022392l3 l998-06-Ol wo 97120780 PCTIEP96/05300 o ,~
o ~
o CO
o o o ~
Ul ~ I
~ U~
~ t~ ~
O N U~
~I ~ d' O ~ t~
~1 O
U C~
o o ~ ') :1 .,1 _~
E~
IN FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS
This invention relates to man-made vitreous fibre (MMVF) products which are constructed to be useful for fire protection.
Many fire protection products depend, at least in part, on the endothermic properties of a component in the product to provide fire protection. For instance gypsum is a calcium ~ulphate hydrate. If a high temperature ~lame is applied to one surface of a gypsum board, the he~ted gypsum decomposes with absorption of heat and liberates water.
Accordingly, a fire front will gradually transfer through the thickness of the board, with the temperature on the side distant from the flame being maintained at 100~C or less.
Since the effectiveness of a product made using an endothermic material is proportional, inter alia, to the amount of the endothermic material, it is desirable for the product to have a high concentration of the endothermic material. For instance a gypsum board generally consists almost entirely of gypsum. Unfortunately such materials are physically very weak.
It is proposed in CH 382060 to include some endothermic materials in an MMVF product. A product is mentioned which allegedly contains 25 to 30 % by weight glass fibres and 70 to 75 % by weight Kieselguhr bonded into the fibres by a phenolic binder. Apparently it is made by introducing Kieselguhr into a preformed web.
It is difficult to introduce inorganic particulate material into a preformed MMVF product in a satisfactory manner. For instance, if the inorganic additive is sufficiently finely ground it may be possible to inject the powder into the web but it will then dust out of the web again. It is also possible to impregnate the web with an aqueous slurry of the finely ground powder, but the web then has to be dried and this is uneconomic.
W O 97/20780 PCT~EP96/05300 So far as we are aware, the products described in CH
382060 have not been commercialised successfully. This is probably due, in part, to the fact that the endothermic material was always very finely ground so as to allow its introduction into the preformed web, and was not adequately bonded into the web.
Many of the bonding agents which are conveniently used for MMVF products require being heated to a high temperature, for instance 200~C or higher, in order to cure them. Endothermic materials which have an endothermic decomposition temperature well below 200~C (such as Kieselguhr) are therefore likely to undergo decomposition during curing.
It would be desirable to be able to combine the known properties of an air laid web of MMV fibres with the fire protection properties of endothermic materials without incurring the manufacturing difficulties and the other disadvantages of known products, such as described in CH
382060.
A fire protection material according to the invention comprises an air laid web of MMVF fibres through which is substantially uniformly distributed a particulate endothermic material, wherein the endothermic material has a particle size above 5 ~m and is bonded to the MMV fibres of the web and is a material which is a carbonate or a hydrate and the particles are heat stable at up to 200~C
and decompose endothermically at a temperature above 200~C.
The particulate endothermic material must be heat stable at temperatures up to 200~C. That is, it must not undergo substantial endothermic decomposition a~
temperatures of 200~C or less, preferably 240~C or less.
Heat stability at temperatures up to 200~C may be obtained in various ways. For instance the material chosen may be such that it undergoes no endothermic decomposition at temperatures below 200~C. In this way it can be subjected to high temperatures but retain its ability to decompose endothermically when the fire protection product is in use.
W O 97/20780 PCT~EP96/05300 AlternatiVely particulate materials may be used wherein the particles tend to begin endothermic decomposition below 200~C but which are provided in such a form that they do not undergo substantial decomposition at temperatures up to 200~C. In this way they also retain their ability to decompose endothermically when the fire protection product is in use. Such materials may undergo small amounts of decomposition at temperatures of up to 2000c, but they do not undergo substantial decomposition and thus are heat stable.
Preferred materials liberate carbon dioxide and/or water of crystallisation only at temperatures above 200~C.
Suitable materials are magnesium hydroxide, calcite (calcium carbonate), dolomite, siderite, aragonite, magnesite, brucite, magnesium carbonate, barium carbonate, barium hydroxide, ferric hydroxide, ferrous hydroxide, pyrite, and silicon compounds with water of crystallisation which do not liberate any water at temperatures up to 200~C.
The particle size of the endothermic material must be above 5 ~m. Accordingly normally 90% by weight of the particles are above 5 ~m. Preferably the particle size is at least 90 % above 10 ~m, more preferably at least ~0~
above 15~m. ~or materials which undergo no decomposition below 200~C, it can be at least 90 % below 200 ~m, for instance at least 90 % below 100 ~m. Expressed as mean particle sizes, the preferred ranges are 5 or 10 to lOO~m, preferably 10 to 70~m, most preferably 15 to 50~m. A mean particle size of around 15 to 50 ~m, often around 35 ~m, is often satisfactory.
Alternative materials are those which tend to liberate carbon dioxide and/or (in particular) water of crystallisation at temperatures below 200OC, but which are provided in a form such that liberation of carbon dioxide and/or water is minimised. For instance, materials which hav~ a temperature of decomposition of between 150~C and 200~C, for instance from 180 to zOo~C, may be provided in W O 97/20780 PCT/EP96/0~300 the form of especially coarse particles. We find surprisingly that materials of this type in the form of coarse particles can withstand temperatures up to 200~C, and o~ten up to 240~C, without substantial decomposition by S release of water of crystallisation and/or carbon dioxide.
Preferred materials of this type are those which liberate water of crystallisation, for instance aluminium hydroxide, which if used in the form of fine grains loses all its water of crystallisation at around 185~C.
For these materials suitable mean particle sizes are at leas~ 100~m, often at least 500~m, and even up to 3mm, such as from 0.5 to 1.5mm.
Materials which liberate carbon dioxide at temperatures below 200~C when in fine-grain form can also be provided in coarse-grain form to render them heat stable at temperatures up to 200~c in the same way as for materials which release water o~ crystallisation.
One preferred class of materials is the class of those which liberate carbon dioxide, such as calcium carbonate, and especially such materials which liberate carbon dioxide at temperatures above 400~C and preferably above 600~C.
For instance calcium carbonate liberates carbon dioxide endothermically at temperatures in the range 700 to 1000~C.
Another class of materials is the class of crystalline materials which liberate water of hydration at temperatures of above 200~C, preferably above 240~C, for instance 270 to 370~C or higher.
Materials, or mixtures of materials, which have dif~erent endothermic reactions at two or more temperatures are very desirable since it spreads fire resistance over a large scale. For instance a mixture of hydrate and carbonate is desirable for this reason.
It is desirable that the material, or each material in the mixture, should have as high an endothermic energy as possible. Some materials which might have a high endothermic energy are excluded because they decompose completely at below 200~C. A particularly preferred W O 97~0780 PCT~EP96/05300 material is magnesium hydroxide since it ha high endothermic energy and is stable at 200~C and is conveniently available in coarse particle size.
~ The particle size of the endothermic material should preferably be as coarse as is reasonably possible so as to allow good bonding of the endothermic material into the web without need for the use of a large amount of bonding agent. For instance the surface area of 1 gram of a 1 ~m filler typically is around 50 times the surface area of 1 gr~m of a 50 ~m filler. Thus a 50 ~m filler requires very much less binder, for satisfactory binding propertieS, than a 1 ~m filler. In the invention, by using relatively coarse endothermic particulate material, it is possible to maintain good bonding using an amount of binder which is no~ unacceptably more than the amount which would be used in the absence of the endothermic material. For instance the dry weight of binder is typically in the range 1 to 3 % in the conventional MMVF product and in the invention good bonding can be achieved when the amount of binder is about the same or not more than 50 to lOo % more, for instance within the range 2 to 6 % by weight of the product.
The invention is particularly useful when the particulate material is abrasive, but it can be used for softer, less abrasive particulate materials.
It is necessary that the MMVF product should be bonded into the web in order that there is little or no dusting of the product from the web during transport and handling.
Very small amounts of dusting are acceptable since the product can be covered on each surface by a fire resistant and temperature stable covering such as aluminium foil or other coating, but excessive dusting is unacceptable. A
suitable test for determining whether or not it is satisfactorily bonded is that described by Schneider et al, Ann. OccuP. HYq., Vol. 37, No. 6, pp 631--644,1993.
The binder which is used for bonding the endothermic material into the MMVF product can be any of the binders W O 97/20780 PCTfEP96/0~300 conventionally used for bonding MMVF products. The amount of binder is generally in the range 2 to 6 % by weight of the product.
The web of MMVF fibres must be an air laid web as it is impracticable to wet lay it and then to dry it. As is well known, an air laid MMVF web has (even after compression) a much lower density than a wet laid product.
For instance the air laid web (excluding the endothermic material, which also acts as a filler) will always have a density below 300kg/m , often below 250 kg/m . Impregnating a preformed fibre web with the endothermic material will give a non-uniform or otherwise unsatisfactory product, with more endothermic material adjacent the side of entry than elsewhere. Impregnation with an aqueous slurry is wasteful of ener~y because of the need to dry the material.
The air laid web may be formed by applying mineral melt to a rotating fiberising rotor thereby throwing the melt from the periphery as fibres and forming a substantially annular cloud of the fibres, spraying binder into the annular cloud of fibres, carrying the fibres axially from the rotor towards a collector surface, mixing the endothermic material with the fibres and collecting the mixture of fibres and endothermic material on the collecting surface as a web. This web may be the web of 2~ the final fire resistant product or, more usually, the initial web is laminated upon itself and is then compressed to form a batt, and it may be this compressed batt which is used as the web in the fire resistant product of the invention.
In order that the coarse, particulate, endothermic material is bonded into the web, it is preferred that the particulate material is coated with binder before it is mixed with the MMVF fibres. A preferred way of making the product of the invention comprises forming the annular cloud of MMVF fibres as described above, coating the endothermic particulate material with binder and mixing the coated particulate material into the cloud, and collecting W O 97/20780 PCT~EP9~/05300 the resultant mixture on a collector ~urface as a web.
Additional binder is usually sprayed into the cloud to increase fibre-fibre bonding.
A preferred way of coating the particulate endothermic material with binder is to form a slurry of the particulate material in a~ueous binder, in which event the particulate material can then be introduced into the annular cloud by spraying. In practice, the slurry will normally contain at least 5 %, by weight of the slurry, of the particulate lo endothermic material but the amount is often above 10 % or even 20 %. It can be as much as 60 % but is usually not more than about 40 ~.
It is desirable for the specific gravity of the slurry to be high since this increases the penetration of the slurry into the annular cloud. The specific gravity can be at least 1.0 and is usually at least 1.1, preferably at least 1.2 and usually at least 1.3 and often at least 1.4.
It is usually below 2, generally below 1.7. In order to facilitate spraying, it is desirable that the slurry should be reasonably stable against settlement and the aqueous binder therefore preferably includes a dispersion stabiliser that will inhibit settling. The dispersion stabiliser may be any suitable viscosifier, but preferably it is a colloidal material since the presence of colloidal material in the aqueous phase can both inhibit settlement of the filler and ad~ust the rheology of the slurry so as to facilitate spraying.
Prefera~ly the dispersion stabiliser is a clay and thus the slurry is preferably a slurry of particulate endothermic material having a size above S ~m, often above 10 ~m and preferably above 30~m in an a~ueous dispersion of clay particles typically having a size below 5 ~m often below 3 ~m. The amount of clay or other colloidal material in the slurry is typically in the range 0.5 to 10% based on the weight of slurry, often up to 7~, generally 1.5 to 5 %.
The amount of clay, if used, in the air laid product is generally in the range 0.5 to 3 %. The clay can tend to have a binding effect and thus may serve not only as a dispersion stabiliser but also as part or all of the binder. Preferably, however, organic resin binder is also used.
A suitable method for spraying such a slurry into the annular cloud so as to form a bonded air laid web is described in our International Publication No. W097/20781.
Suitable apparatus for use in this method is described in our International Publication No. W097/20779.
In another aspect of the invention, a fire protection product comprises a bonded web of MMV fibres in which is distributed an endothermic material selected from magnesium hydroxide and carbonates that do not undergo endothermic decomposition at up to 200~C and decompose endothermically at above 200~C. Preferably the web contains magnesium hydroxide in an amount of at least 5~, more preferably at least 10% by weight of the total material. The endothermic material may be introduced in any convenient size and method and may or may not be distributed uniformly and may or may not be bonded. Preferably it is distributed uniformly and is bonded and is in the form of particles of size above 5 ~m, often above lO~m.
In all aspects of the invention, the amount of endothermic material is usually in the range 5 to 50%, e.g.
25 to 30%.
The fire resistant products of the invention can be in the form of slabs, mats, pipes or granulate. When in the form of slabs they may be provided in the form of a laminate between steel sheets. Products of this type are particularly suitable for use as fire doors. The fibrous products can have a density in the range of 10 to 300 kg/m3.
The mineral fibres of the product can be made from glass, rock, stone, or slag but preferably they are made ED St~ET
PCT~P96/05300 from rock, stone or slag because of the extreme fire resistance of these fibres.
The spinner can be of the s pinning cup type described in EP 530843 or of the Downey type as described in US
2944284 and US 3343933, but preferably tha rotor is mounted about a substantially horizontal axis and has a solid periphery and is constructed to receive melt applied onto the periphery and to throw mineral fibres off the periphery. Most preferably it is a cascade spinner containing 2, 3 or 4 such rotors. A suitable cascade spinner is described in, for instance, W092/06047. When the endothermic particulate material is being applied by spraying a slurry, the slurry may be sprayed coaxially from, for instance, the last fiberising rotor and/or the penultimate fiberising rotor and if desired binder may be sprayed coaxially from the other fiberising rotors.
Accordingly the annular cloud of fibres into which the slurry is laid will not be a true annulus but will instead merely extend forward fro~ the outermost parts of the cascade.
The following is an example of the invention. In this example, a spinner is used as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 shows a cross-section through a rotor which forms part of the spinner.
Figure 2 shows a front view of a further rotor according to the invention showing an alternative liquid flow outlet.
Figure 1 shows a solid rotor 1 of the type used in a cascade spinner mounted on a rotatable shaft 3. Fixed to the rotor is a liquid distribution means 16 having a distribution surface 11. The substantially frustoconical surface 11 is a concave surface containing a plurality of grooves 18, of which six are illustrated. The distribution surface has a short edge 12 and a long edge 14, the long edge 14 being forward of the short edge 12. The long edge 14 is at a radius 0.6 R, where R is the radius of the W O 97/20780 PCT~EP96/05300 rotor. The rotor 1 is supported, on the rotating shaft 3, by roller bearings 32. The non-rotatable liquid flow duct S is supported on bearings 30, usually roller bearings, between the rotating shaft 3 and the non-rotatable liquid flow duct 5. The non-rotatable liquid flow duct 5 leads into and is fixed to the liquid flow outlet 7, which is also non-rotatable. This has two (or more) radially extending discharge orifices. The radially extending discharge orifices may be inclined rearwardly at an angle of 10-45~ so as to ensure discharged liquid meets the distribution surface at the smallest possible radius.
In use a suspension of particulate solids in an aqueous phase is supplied (supply means not shown) to the liquid flow duct 5 which extends through the rotatable shaft 3, and into the liquid flow outlet 7. The suspension then passes through the orifices 9.
The partially atomised suspension passes across an air gap in the direction of the arrows and onto the distribution surface 11. The rapid spinning of the liquid distribution means 16 induces radial outward movement of the suspension, guided by the grooves 18, to the end points 2 0 of the grooves at the edge 14. From these end points the suspension is flung in atomised form from the distri~ution surface radially outwards and forward of the rotor.
If any suspension fails to travel radially outwards along the grooves 18, but tends to leak back into the apparatus, it passes along the inlet channel 28 into the rotating annular chamber 24. Rotation of the chamber induces the suspension to move to the outer wall o~ the Ch~ h~-~, from where it flows along outlet channel 26 onto the distribution surface at its short edge. A seal 34 is positioned between the chamber 24 and the roller bearings 30. Leakage into other regions of the apparatus is thus avoided.
Concurrently, melt is applied to the periphery 22 of the rotor 1 which is spinning rapidly and flinging the melt W ~ 97/20780 PCTrEP96/05300 from the periphery as fibres. The fibres are blown forward ~y conven~ional air supply means (not shown) in an annular cloud. As the fibres are blown forward they are met by the - atomised suspension from the li~uid distribution means.
The suspension and additives it contains penetrate the annular cloud and coat the fibres.
The fibres are then collected as a web cont~ini ng uniformly distributed additive on a collector in conventional manner. The web may be subjected to cross-lo lapping to form a batt, and the product may ~e compressedand heat cured in conventional manner.
Figure 2 shows an alternative construction for the liquid flow outlet 7. In this construction it is in the form of a slot covering around 135~ of the possible 360~.
Liquid additive exits the liquid flow duct S through the slot 36 and is passed to the liquid distribution surface 11. The liquid additive flows over the region 38. The "spiral" type path of the liquid arises as a result of the rapid rotation of the distribution surface in a clockwise direction. In other embodiments rotation can be in an anticlockwise direction. The liquid additive is thus flung from the long edge 14 of the distribution surface in a substantially upward direction over around 135~ of the circumference of the distribution surface.
~xamPle 1 A suspension of resol formaldehyde binder in water is placed in a pulper. A slurry having specific gravity above 1.1 is produced by mixing with the binder dispersion particulate magnesium hydroxide having a mean size of 35~m.
The slurry is included in fibres at the point of fibre formation by means o~ the apparatus and process of Figure 1 described above. A slab product is produced from the resulting fibres.
The same process is carried out without the use of magnesium hydroxide fire retardant material.
Both the fire resistant slab according to the invention (slab A) and the conventional slab (slab B) were CA 022392l3 l998-06-Ol W O 97/20780 PCT~EP96/05300 subjected to a standard fire test according to IS0 834.
Results are shown in Table 1 below. These illustrate the temperature on the cold side of the slab after a certain time.
The results shown indicate the gradual increase in temperature on the cold side of the slab as a result of heat passing through the slab. In some products a very rapid increase in temperature followed by a very rapid decrease in temperature can be observed. This is due to combustion of binder. This combustion is minimised in slab A of the invention.
As can be seen from the results below the time for the temperature on the cold side of the slab to rise to 190~C
or greater is more than three times as long with slab A
than with slab B, showing the improved fire and heat resistance of the products of the invention. Poor results are also obtained when magnesium hydroxide is used having an average particle size of 2 ~m.
CA 022392l3 l998-06-Ol wo 97120780 PCTIEP96/05300 o ,~
o ~
o CO
o o o ~
Ul ~ I
~ U~
~ t~ ~
O N U~
~I ~ d' O ~ t~
~1 O
U C~
o o ~ ') :1 .,1 _~
E~
Claims (18)
1. A fire protection product which comprises an air laid web of MMV fibres through which is distributed a particulate endothermic material characterised in that the particulate endothermic material has a mean particle size above 5 µm and is bonded to the MMV fibres of the web and is substantially uniformly distributed through the web and is a material which is a carbonate and/or a hydrate and which is heat stable at up to 200°C and decomposes endothermically at a temperature above 200°C.
2. A product according to claim 1 in which the endothermic material is selected from magnesium hydroxide and carbonates which undergo no endothermic decomposition at temperatures up to 200°C and decompose endothermically at a temperature above 200°C.
3. A product according to claim 1 or claim 2 which includes particulate magnesium hydroxide in an amount of at least 5% by weight of the product.
4. A product according to any preceding claim in which the endothermic material has a mean particle size of 10 to 500 µm, preferably 10 to 100 µm.
5. A product according to any of claims 1 to 3 in which the endothermic material has a mean particle size of from 0.5 to 3 mm.
6. A product according to claim 5 in which the endothermic material is aluminium hydroxide.
7. A product according to any preceding claim in which the amount of particulate endothermic material is from 5 to 50% based on the weight of the product.
8. A product according to any preceding claim additionally containing colloidal clay.
9. A product according to any preceding claim having a density of at least 10kg/m3.
10. A product according to any preceding claim in which the air laid web, in the absence of the endothermic material, has a density below 300kg/m3.
11. A product according to any preceding claim made by applying mineral melt to a rotating fiberising rotor (1) and thereby throwing the melt from the periphery of the rotor (1) as fibres and forming a substantially annular cloud of fibres, coating the particulate endothermic material with binder and mixing the coated material into the cloud of fibres and collecting the mixture as an air laid bonded web and curing the binder.
12. A product according to claim 11 in which the particulate material is coated with binder by dispersing it as a slurry in aqueous binder and spraying the slurry into the annular cloud of primary fibres.
13. A fire protection product which comprises a bonded web of MMV fibres in which is distributed a particulate endothermic material characterised in that the particulate endothermic material is selected from particles of magnesium hydroxide and carbonates that undergo no endothermic decomposition at temperatures up to 200°C and decompose endothermically at above 200°C.
14. A product according to claim 13 in which the particulate endothermic material is bonded to the MMV
fibres of the web.
fibres of the web.
15. A product according to claim 13 or claim 14 in which the web of MMV fibres is an air laid web
16. A product according to any of claims 13 to 15 in which the particulate endothermic material is substantially uniformly distributed through the web of MMV fibres.
17. A product according to any of claims 13 to 16 in which the endothermic material comprises magnesium hydroxide.
18. A product according to any of claims 13 to 17 having any of the additional features set out in claims 3 to 5 and 7 to 12.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9524606.2 | 1995-12-01 | ||
GBGB9524606.2A GB9524606D0 (en) | 1995-12-01 | 1995-12-01 | Man-made vitreous fibre products and their use in fire protection systems |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2239213A1 true CA2239213A1 (en) | 1997-06-12 |
Family
ID=10784771
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002239213A Abandoned CA2239213A1 (en) | 1995-12-01 | 1996-11-29 | Man-made vitreous fibre products and their use in fire protection systems |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0863851A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU1095697A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2239213A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB9524606D0 (en) |
HU (1) | HUP0000178A2 (en) |
NO (1) | NO982475L (en) |
PL (1) | PL327167A1 (en) |
SK (1) | SK65098A3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997020780A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013071393A1 (en) * | 2011-11-15 | 2013-05-23 | Blmh Technologies, Inc. | Method for forming a melt-resistant glass fiber product, and associated apparatus |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6228497B1 (en) * | 1998-01-13 | 2001-05-08 | Usg Interiors, Inc. | High temperature resistant glass fiber composition and a method for making the same |
EP0936060A1 (en) * | 1998-02-13 | 1999-08-18 | Rockwool International A/S | Man-made vitreous fibre products and their use in fire protection systems |
ATE218120T1 (en) | 1998-04-06 | 2002-06-15 | Rockwool Int | SYNTHETIC GLASS FIBER MATS AND THEIR PRODUCTION |
AU6196499A (en) * | 1998-09-24 | 2000-04-10 | Rockwool International A/S | Manufacture of mineral wool products |
US20030040239A1 (en) * | 2001-05-17 | 2003-02-27 | Certainteed Corporation | Thermal insulation containing supplemental infrared radiation absorbing material |
GB0112665D0 (en) | 2001-05-24 | 2001-07-18 | Rockwool Ltd | Mineral wool barriers and their construction |
GB0505306D0 (en) * | 2005-03-15 | 2005-04-20 | Firespray Internat Ltd | A fire insulation material |
GB2463492B (en) * | 2008-09-15 | 2011-06-22 | Firespray Internat Ltd | A fire insulation material |
DE102009038564A1 (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2010-10-14 | IKJ S.à.r.l. | Nonwoven fabric and its production |
WO2011006875A2 (en) | 2009-07-13 | 2011-01-20 | Rockwool International A/S | Mineral fibres and their use |
EP3455425B1 (en) | 2016-05-13 | 2021-08-11 | Rockwool International A/S | Method of providing insulation to a structure |
SI3621931T1 (en) | 2017-05-11 | 2021-08-31 | Rockwool International A/S | Binder composition for mineral fibers comprising at least one hydrocolloid and a fatty acid ester of glycerol |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2944284A (en) * | 1957-10-09 | 1960-07-12 | United States Gypsum Co | Binder distribution and atomizing system for fiberizing apparatus |
NL275294A (en) * | 1961-03-08 | 1900-01-01 | ||
JPS4986638A (en) * | 1972-12-25 | 1974-08-20 | ||
FR2500492B1 (en) * | 1981-02-24 | 1985-07-26 | Saint Gobain Isover | IMPROVEMENT IN METHODS AND DEVICES FOR FORMING MINERAL FIBERS USING CENTRIFUGATION WHEELS |
US5123949A (en) * | 1991-09-06 | 1992-06-23 | Manville Corporation | Method of introducing addivites to fibrous products |
US5232638A (en) * | 1992-09-18 | 1993-08-03 | Schuller International, Inc. | Apparatus and method for introducing additives to fibrous products |
-
1995
- 1995-12-01 GB GBGB9524606.2A patent/GB9524606D0/en active Pending
-
1996
- 1996-11-29 WO PCT/EP1996/005300 patent/WO1997020780A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-11-29 AU AU10956/97A patent/AU1095697A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-11-29 CA CA002239213A patent/CA2239213A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-11-29 PL PL96327167A patent/PL327167A1/en unknown
- 1996-11-29 HU HU0000178A patent/HUP0000178A2/en unknown
- 1996-11-29 SK SK650-98A patent/SK65098A3/en unknown
- 1996-11-29 EP EP96941626A patent/EP0863851A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1998
- 1998-05-29 NO NO982475A patent/NO982475L/en unknown
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013071393A1 (en) * | 2011-11-15 | 2013-05-23 | Blmh Technologies, Inc. | Method for forming a melt-resistant glass fiber product, and associated apparatus |
CN104039733A (en) * | 2011-11-15 | 2014-09-10 | Blh科技股份有限公司 | Method for forming melt-resistant glass fiber product, and associated apparatus |
US10329195B2 (en) | 2011-11-15 | 2019-06-25 | Blh Technologies, Inc. | Method for forming a melt-resistant glass fiber product, and associated apparatus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0863851A1 (en) | 1998-09-16 |
AU1095697A (en) | 1997-06-27 |
SK65098A3 (en) | 1998-12-02 |
NO982475D0 (en) | 1998-05-29 |
WO1997020780A1 (en) | 1997-06-12 |
PL327167A1 (en) | 1998-11-23 |
GB9524606D0 (en) | 1996-01-31 |
HUP0000178A2 (en) | 2000-06-28 |
NO982475L (en) | 1998-06-02 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CA2239213A1 (en) | Man-made vitreous fibre products and their use in fire protection systems | |
EP1180182B1 (en) | Mineral fibre insulating board comprising a rigid surface layer, a process for the preparation thereof and a use of the insulating product for roofing and facade covering | |
CA2769352C (en) | Method for manufacturing an aerogel-containing composite and composite produced by that method | |
RU2528358C1 (en) | Method of manufacturing fibre-containing element and element manufactured thereof | |
EP0936060A1 (en) | Man-made vitreous fibre products and their use in fire protection systems | |
US20150183684A1 (en) | Graphite-Mediated Control of Static Electricity on Fiberglass | |
US20080020206A1 (en) | Inorganic fiber insulation product | |
HU224120B1 (en) | Man-made vitreous fibre products for use in thermal insulation, and their production | |
EP0863852B1 (en) | Manufacture of man-made vitreous fibre products | |
US9975270B2 (en) | Method for manufacturing an aerogel-containing composite and composite produced by that method | |
EP1086055B1 (en) | Man-made vitreous fibre batts and their production | |
US20130119294A1 (en) | Method for Manufacturing an Aerogel-Containing Composite and Composite Produced by that Method | |
EP0891307B1 (en) | Man-made vitrious fibre products and their production | |
EP0989103A1 (en) | Man-made vitreous fibre products for use in thermal insulation, and their production | |
CZ163598A3 (en) | Products from synthetic glass fibers and their use in fire protection systems | |
JPH0832411B2 (en) | Method of manufacturing inorganic building board |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
FZDE | Discontinued |