CA2232753C - Bridge construction method and composite girder for use in same - Google Patents
Bridge construction method and composite girder for use in same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2232753C CA2232753C CA 2232753 CA2232753A CA2232753C CA 2232753 C CA2232753 C CA 2232753C CA 2232753 CA2232753 CA 2232753 CA 2232753 A CA2232753 A CA 2232753A CA 2232753 C CA2232753 C CA 2232753C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- steel plate
- girder
- face
- legs
- girders
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D2/00—Bridges characterised by the cross-section of their bearing spanning structure
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
- E01D19/12—Grating or flooring for bridges; Fastening railway sleepers or tracks to bridges
- E01D19/125—Grating or flooring for bridges
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D2101/00—Material constitution of bridges
- E01D2101/20—Concrete, stone or stone-like material
- E01D2101/24—Concrete
- E01D2101/26—Concrete reinforced
- E01D2101/268—Composite concrete-metal
Abstract
A composite girder comprises an elongate member of concrete having a substantially u-shaped or c-shaped cross-section. The girder has a pair of spaced legs connected together by a bridging portion. The legs have substantially flat elongate end faces and a steel plate extends along at least one of said end faces and is connected to the end face by means of a connection which projects from the steel plate into the end face. A method of constructing a bridge using the girder is also provided.
Description
BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION METHOD AND COMPOSITE
GIRDER FOR USE IN SAME
Field Of The Invention This invention relates to a method of constructing a bridge and a composite girder for use in constructing the bridge.
Backq~round Of The Invention A composite girder comprising a web of reinforced concrete with steel plates attached to opposite sides of the web to form flanges is described in applicant's earlier U.S. Patent No. 5,152,112. The patent also describes a method of constructing a bridge using the composite girder.
The present invention provides a further composite girder of reinforced concrete and steel and a bridge construction method using such girders.
Summary Of The Invention According to the invention there is provided a composite girder comprising an elongate member of concrete having a substantially u-shaped cross-section having a pair of spaced legs connected together by a bridging portion, the legs having substantially flat elongate end faces and including a steel plate extending along at least one of said end faces, the steel plate being secured to the end face by means of a connection which projects from the steel plate into the end face.
Also according to the invention there is provided a method of constructing a bridge, comprising
GIRDER FOR USE IN SAME
Field Of The Invention This invention relates to a method of constructing a bridge and a composite girder for use in constructing the bridge.
Backq~round Of The Invention A composite girder comprising a web of reinforced concrete with steel plates attached to opposite sides of the web to form flanges is described in applicant's earlier U.S. Patent No. 5,152,112. The patent also describes a method of constructing a bridge using the composite girder.
The present invention provides a further composite girder of reinforced concrete and steel and a bridge construction method using such girders.
Summary Of The Invention According to the invention there is provided a composite girder comprising an elongate member of concrete having a substantially u-shaped cross-section having a pair of spaced legs connected together by a bridging portion, the legs having substantially flat elongate end faces and including a steel plate extending along at least one of said end faces, the steel plate being secured to the end face by means of a connection which projects from the steel plate into the end face.
Also according to the invention there is provided a method of constructing a bridge, comprising
- 2 -the steps of laying a plurality of composite girders in parallel relationship across an expanse to form a bridge deck, each girder comprising an elongate member of concrete having a substantially u-shaped cross-section and a pair of spaced legs connected together by a bridging portion, the legs having substantially flat elongate end faces and including a steel plate extending along at least one of said end faces and secured to the end face by means of a connection which projects from the steel plate into the end face and wherein said girders are arranged with their legs facing downwardly on support means at the opposite ends of the girders.
The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings which illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention by way of example.
Brief Description Of Z'he Drawings Figure 1 is a three-dimensional view of a composite girder according to one embodiment of the invention.
Figure 2 is a fractional view showing a cross-section along the lines II-II in Figure 1.
Figures 3 and 4 are fractional views showing cross-sections of two further embodiments of the girder according to the invention.
Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a casting installation for manufacturing the girder of Figure 1.
The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings which illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention by way of example.
Brief Description Of Z'he Drawings Figure 1 is a three-dimensional view of a composite girder according to one embodiment of the invention.
Figure 2 is a fractional view showing a cross-section along the lines II-II in Figure 1.
Figures 3 and 4 are fractional views showing cross-sections of two further embodiments of the girder according to the invention.
Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a casting installation for manufacturing the girder of Figure 1.
- 3 -Figure 6 is a fractional three-dimensional view showing the manner in which three of the girders of Figure 1 are arranged in the construction of a bridge.
Figure 7 is an end view of a bridge constructed using the girders of Figure 1.
Figure 8 is a side view of the bridge of Figure 7.
Figures 9 and 10 show the construction of bridges using girders according to yet another embodiment of the invention.
Figure 11 shows the construction of a bridge using a girder according to yet another embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description Of The Preferred Embodiments In Figures 1 and 2 reference numeral 10 generally indicates a composite girder comprising an elongate member 12 of reinforced concrete and having a generally u-shaped or c-shaped cross-section with a pair of spaced legs 14 connected together by a bridging portion 16. An elongate steel plate 18 is attached along the end face of each leg 14 by means of sheer connector studs 20 which are welded to the steel plates 18 as shown at 22. The studs 20 are spaced along the length of each steel plate 18.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the steel plates 18 are flush with the sides of the legs 14 as shown. In Figure 3, showing an alternative embodiment, reference numeral 30 generally indicates a girder in which the steel plates 18 project from one side of the
Figure 7 is an end view of a bridge constructed using the girders of Figure 1.
Figure 8 is a side view of the bridge of Figure 7.
Figures 9 and 10 show the construction of bridges using girders according to yet another embodiment of the invention.
Figure 11 shows the construction of a bridge using a girder according to yet another embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description Of The Preferred Embodiments In Figures 1 and 2 reference numeral 10 generally indicates a composite girder comprising an elongate member 12 of reinforced concrete and having a generally u-shaped or c-shaped cross-section with a pair of spaced legs 14 connected together by a bridging portion 16. An elongate steel plate 18 is attached along the end face of each leg 14 by means of sheer connector studs 20 which are welded to the steel plates 18 as shown at 22. The studs 20 are spaced along the length of each steel plate 18.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the steel plates 18 are flush with the sides of the legs 14 as shown. In Figure 3, showing an alternative embodiment, reference numeral 30 generally indicates a girder in which the steel plates 18 project from one side of the
- 4 -leg 14 to form a flange 32 and in Figure 4 reference numeral 40 generally indicates a further embodiment in which the steel plates 18 project on both sides of the leg 14 to form two flanges 32 and 34.
Although steel plates 18 are shown to be provided on both legs 14 of the girders 10, 30, 40, it is envisaged that in certain applications a steel plate 18 may be provided on one leg 14 only.
It will be appreciated further that composite girders of various different sizes may be provided to suit different requirements. For example, the width of the bridging portion 12 and the length of the legs 14, as well as the thickness of the bridging portion 12 and legs 14 and the thickness of the steel plates 18 can be varied to suit the requirements of different bridges for which the girders may be used. Also, the number of rows of the studs 20, the number of studs 20 in a row and the length and type of studs 20 used will depend on a particular application and requirements.
With reference to Figure 5, a method of manufacturing the girder 10 of Figure 1 is shown. A mold 45 in the form of a casing 50 is constructed for forming the legs 14 and the underside of the bridging portion 12.
The steel plates 18 with the studs 20 projecting upwardly therefrom are placed along the two channels at the bottom of the mold 45 which define the elongate end faces of the legs 14. Reinforcing rods 52 are then arranged inside the mold 45, as required. A concrete mix is then poured into the mold 45 to fill the mold 45 up a level where the desired thickness of the bridging portion 12 is attained.
If desired, chamferring formations may be introduced in the mold 45 to produce chamfers along the opposite
Although steel plates 18 are shown to be provided on both legs 14 of the girders 10, 30, 40, it is envisaged that in certain applications a steel plate 18 may be provided on one leg 14 only.
It will be appreciated further that composite girders of various different sizes may be provided to suit different requirements. For example, the width of the bridging portion 12 and the length of the legs 14, as well as the thickness of the bridging portion 12 and legs 14 and the thickness of the steel plates 18 can be varied to suit the requirements of different bridges for which the girders may be used. Also, the number of rows of the studs 20, the number of studs 20 in a row and the length and type of studs 20 used will depend on a particular application and requirements.
With reference to Figure 5, a method of manufacturing the girder 10 of Figure 1 is shown. A mold 45 in the form of a casing 50 is constructed for forming the legs 14 and the underside of the bridging portion 12.
The steel plates 18 with the studs 20 projecting upwardly therefrom are placed along the two channels at the bottom of the mold 45 which define the elongate end faces of the legs 14. Reinforcing rods 52 are then arranged inside the mold 45, as required. A concrete mix is then poured into the mold 45 to fill the mold 45 up a level where the desired thickness of the bridging portion 12 is attained.
If desired, chamferring formations may be introduced in the mold 45 to produce chamfers along the opposite
- 5 -elongate edges of the bridging portion 12, as indicated at 54 in Figure 5.
With reference to Figure 6, the manner in which the girders 10 are be arranged during the construction of a bridge is shown. In the particular example, three of the girders 10 are arranged in side-by-side relationship but the number of girders 10 can vary depending on the width of the bridge. For example, for a narrow bridge a single girder 10 may be used.
With reference to Figures 7 and 8, a bridge 60 which has been constructed using the girders 10 is shown.
Three girders 10 arranged in side-by-side relationship form the deck of the bridge 60. The girders 10 span the expanse to be bridged lengthwise and are supported at their opposite ends by columns 62 which in the present example are steel pipes. The columns 62 are anchored at their lower ends by means of concrete footings 64 which are cast in situ. At their upper ends the columns 62 are attached to precast concrete beams 66 extending transversely of the girders 10. The girders 10 are arranged on the concrete beams 66 with the metal plates 18 resting on the beams 62.
The bridge 60 is provided with timber curbs 68, steel railings 70 and guide logs 72, as desired.
In Figures 9 and 10 the construction of bridges is illustrated using girders 80 according to yet another embodiment in which the bridging portions 12 project outwardly from the legs 14 to form flanges 84. The bridge construction of Figure 9 makes use of two of the girders 80, whereas the bridge construction of Figure 10 makes use of two of the girders 80 and one of the girders
With reference to Figure 6, the manner in which the girders 10 are be arranged during the construction of a bridge is shown. In the particular example, three of the girders 10 are arranged in side-by-side relationship but the number of girders 10 can vary depending on the width of the bridge. For example, for a narrow bridge a single girder 10 may be used.
With reference to Figures 7 and 8, a bridge 60 which has been constructed using the girders 10 is shown.
Three girders 10 arranged in side-by-side relationship form the deck of the bridge 60. The girders 10 span the expanse to be bridged lengthwise and are supported at their opposite ends by columns 62 which in the present example are steel pipes. The columns 62 are anchored at their lower ends by means of concrete footings 64 which are cast in situ. At their upper ends the columns 62 are attached to precast concrete beams 66 extending transversely of the girders 10. The girders 10 are arranged on the concrete beams 66 with the metal plates 18 resting on the beams 62.
The bridge 60 is provided with timber curbs 68, steel railings 70 and guide logs 72, as desired.
In Figures 9 and 10 the construction of bridges is illustrated using girders 80 according to yet another embodiment in which the bridging portions 12 project outwardly from the legs 14 to form flanges 84. The bridge construction of Figure 9 makes use of two of the girders 80, whereas the bridge construction of Figure 10 makes use of two of the girders 80 and one of the girders
- 6 -10. The adjacent girders are connected together by shear connectors, as indicated at 86.
In Figure 11 the construction of a bridge is illustrated using girders 90 according to a further embodiment. The girders 90 have a T-shaped cross-section with the metal plate 18 extending along the end face of the leg of the T. The girders 90 are connected together by shear connectors, as indicated at 86. The number of the girders 90 used will depend on the width of the bridge being constructed. The top parts of the girders 90 form the deck of the bridge.
While the girder according to the invention is described in the present example as being used in the construction of a bridge, it is not limited to such use and it is envisaged that it can be used in the construction of other structures.
The girder according to the invention can be manufactured in one piece to reach a required span by providing adequate reinforcing in the concrete or, as an alternative, or, in addition, pretensioning or posttensioning the concrete to meet the load bearing demands to which the girder may be subjected.
Although certain preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described in detail, it should be understood that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
In Figure 11 the construction of a bridge is illustrated using girders 90 according to a further embodiment. The girders 90 have a T-shaped cross-section with the metal plate 18 extending along the end face of the leg of the T. The girders 90 are connected together by shear connectors, as indicated at 86. The number of the girders 90 used will depend on the width of the bridge being constructed. The top parts of the girders 90 form the deck of the bridge.
While the girder according to the invention is described in the present example as being used in the construction of a bridge, it is not limited to such use and it is envisaged that it can be used in the construction of other structures.
The girder according to the invention can be manufactured in one piece to reach a required span by providing adequate reinforcing in the concrete or, as an alternative, or, in addition, pretensioning or posttensioning the concrete to meet the load bearing demands to which the girder may be subjected.
Although certain preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described in detail, it should be understood that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A composite girder comprising an elongate member of concrete having a substantially u-shaped cross-section having a pair of spaced legs connected together by a bridging portion, the legs having substantially flat elongate end faces and including a steel plate extending along at least one of said end faces, the steel plate being secured to the end face by means of a connection which projects from the steel plate into the end face.
2. The girder according to claim 1, wherein the steel plate is flush with the elongate sides of the leg.
3. The girder according to claim 1, wherein the steel plate forms a flange projecting from at least one elongate side of the leg.
4. The girder according to claim 1, wherein the steel plate forms flanges extending from both elongate sides of the leg.
5. A composite girder according to claim 1, wherein the steel plate is attached to the end face of the leg by means of a plurality of stud connectors spaced along the end face.
6. The composite girder according to claim 1, wherein the end face of each leg is provided with a steel plate extending along the length thereof.
7. A method of constructing a bridge, comprising the steps of laying a plurality of composite girders in parallel relationship across an expanse to form a bridge deck, each girder comprising an elongate member of concrete having a substantially u-shaped cross-section and a pair of spaced legs connected together by a bridging portion, the legs having substantially flat elongate end faces and including a steel plate extending along at least one of said end faces and secured to the end face by means of a connection which projects from the steel plate into the end face and wherein said girders are arranged with their legs facing downwardly on support means at the opposite ends of the girders.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the legs of adjacent girders are in side-by-side abutment.
9. A method of constructing a bridge, comprising the step of laying a composite girder across an expanse to form a bridge deck, the girder comprising an elongate member of concrete having a substantially u-shaped cross-section and a pair of spaced legs connected together by a bridging portion, the legs having substantially flat elongate end faces and including a steel plate extending along at least one of said end faces and secured to the end face by means of a connection which projects from the steel plate into the end face and wherein the girder is arranged with its legs facing downwardly on support means at the opposite ends of the girder.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2232753 CA2232753C (en) | 1998-03-19 | 1998-03-19 | Bridge construction method and composite girder for use in same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2232753 CA2232753C (en) | 1998-03-19 | 1998-03-19 | Bridge construction method and composite girder for use in same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2232753A1 CA2232753A1 (en) | 1999-09-19 |
| CA2232753C true CA2232753C (en) | 2005-05-24 |
Family
ID=29409489
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2232753 Expired - Lifetime CA2232753C (en) | 1998-03-19 | 1998-03-19 | Bridge construction method and composite girder for use in same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2232753C (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102561214B (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2014-01-29 | 中南大学 | Steel plate and concrete composite structure reinforcing method for positive bending moment area |
| CN102561213B (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2014-01-29 | 中南大学 | Steel plate-concrete composite structure reinforcement method of structural negative moment region |
-
1998
- 1998-03-19 CA CA 2232753 patent/CA2232753C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2232753A1 (en) | 1999-09-19 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20180319 |