CA2221868A1 - Improved method for transesterification - Google Patents
Improved method for transesterification Download PDFInfo
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- CA2221868A1 CA2221868A1 CA002221868A CA2221868A CA2221868A1 CA 2221868 A1 CA2221868 A1 CA 2221868A1 CA 002221868 A CA002221868 A CA 002221868A CA 2221868 A CA2221868 A CA 2221868A CA 2221868 A1 CA2221868 A1 CA 2221868A1
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- Prior art keywords
- alcohol
- reaction
- ester
- catalyst
- transesterification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/03—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting an ester group with a hydroxy group
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
An improved method for transesterification of acrylate and alkyl acrylate esters. The improved method comprises the use of at least one aromatic amine compound having no acidic or ionic groups. The improved inhibitor system enhances the reaction rate of the transesterification reaction while simultaneously maintaining adequate polymerization suppression. The reaction is catalyzed by a basic catalyst, and can be driven by the removal of alcohol as an alcohol/saturated hydrocarbon azeotrope.
Description
W 097/37962 PCT~S97/06267 IMPROVED METHOD FOR TRANSESTERIFICATION
Technical Field The present invention relates to an improved method for effectin~ transesterification reactions of acrylate and slkylacrylate esters. The improved method utilizes sn inhibitor system having at least one aromatic amine compound that does not contain ionic or acidic groups. The inhibitor system enhances the reaction rate of the transesterification reaction while maintaining adequate polymerization suppression. The reactions are catalyzed by a basic catalyst and can be driven by the azeotropic removal of alcohol.
Rackground of the Invention There are numerous methods available for preparing acrylate and alky}acrylate esters. These methods inrlude direct and transesterification (ester interchange) reactions. One common feature of prior art transesterification processes is the use of aromatic inhibitor compounds such as hydroquinone and 4-methoxyphenol which contain ionic or acidic ~roups. If the acrylate or al~ylacrylate ester synthesis occurs via the transesterification pathway, a base catalyst can be utilized in the presence of polymerization inhibitor(s~. For example, British Patent No. 976,304 discloses a process for the preparation of an ester of scrylic or methacrylic acid by transesterification. The W 097/37962 PCTrUS97/06267 reaction utilizes a phenste catalyst in an amount which is at least stoichiometric with respect to the alcohol. The phenate catalyst c~n ~e pr~pared either in situ, or prior to transesterification.
White, in U. 5. Patent No. 3,714,234, discloses catalysts o~tA7~e~ from the reaction product of a tin containing compound and an alkali-metal phenoxide. These catalysts are used in the preparation of methacrylate esters such as 2-ethyl-1-hexylmethacry}ate.
As can be seen from prior art processes, amine-type polymerization inhibitors represent a widely utilized group of polymerization inhibiting compounds. These aromatic compounds are exemplified in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,117,238 and 4,228,084, which illustrate their application to transesterification reactions. However, a significant drawback to the prior art systems is that the inhibitors used have at least one acidic hydrogen, and therefore become ionic under basic conditions. The prior art shows the inhibitor can be used atone, or as is often the case, in combination with inhibitor(s~ having no ionic or acidic gro~ps, such as phenothiazine. By non-acidic and non-ionic inhibitors is meant those inhibitors which do not contain an acidic hydrogen.
As a resu}t, althou~h polymerization is inhibited with an ionic inhibitor, the base-catalyzed transesterification reaction rate is simultaneously affected. The reaction rate is retarded as compared to the instant process.
W 097/37962 PCT~US97/06267 The present invention is a novel approach to acrylate and alkylacrylate ester synthesis. This process includes the use of at least one Aromatic amine inhibitor having no acidic or ionic groups, in the Absence of prior ~rt ionic arom~tic co,l,~ounds.
As a result, reaction rates ~re enhAnced while adequate polymerization suppression is achieved.
Summary of the Invention This invention is drawn to a novel inhibitor system utilized in the transesterification syntheses of acrylate and alkylacrylic esters. The transesterification reaction can be driven in part by the azeotropic removal of the product alcohol.
For instance, if the starting ester is methyl methacrylate (M~A), the product methanol can be removed as a C5-C8 saturated hydrocarbon azeotrope or as a MMA/methanol azeotrope.
~ he feed ester and slcohol are reacted in the presence of a basic catalyst. Potassium alkoxides and hydroxides have been found to be efficient catalysts due to the ease with which they can be removed from the reaction mixture. The potassium catalyst has the unigue feature of allowing the reaction to be effectively run at temperatures lower than prior art processes. This is advantageous because ester monomers of the present invention will have a tendency to polymerize quickly at temperatures above 100~C. The reaction of the present invention should be run at temperatures at or below 100~C. Additionally, the i W O 97/37962 PCTrUS97/06267 need for acidic and ionic polymerization inhibitors is obviated. The ~resent invention can be performed at 1 to 5:1 ester to stsrting Alcohol eguivalents.
Typically, the ratio will be abo~t 1.1 to 3.0:1.
The ~asic catalyst is typically added incrementally, and is used in combination with the improved inhibitor system of the present invention.
As stated above, the ester materials of the transesterification reaction are prone to rapid polymerization at moderately high temperatures and also at extended reaction times. Even at temperatures ~elow 100~C, the mono~qrs will tend to polymerize under the transesterification reaction conditions. Therefore, it is advantageous to perform the transesterification using an effective polymerization inhi~itor system, as well as to minimize the time of reaction.
The present invention is an inhibitor system containing at least one aromatic amine compound hsving no acidic or ionic groups. The use of such an inhi~itor is a departure from prior art transesterification processes, wherein compounds having acidic and ionic groups are used ~s catalysts and/or inhi~itors. In the present invention, the use of a neutral, non-ionic inhibitor system unexpectedly enhances the rate of reaction while maintaining ade~uate polymerization suppression.
Detailed Description of the Invention An acrylic or alkylacrylic ester is reacted with an alcohol in the presence of a ~asic catalyst and the present in~ention inhi~itor. The c -ester is preferably an alkylmethacrylate and the alcohol is preferably a polyol. The reaction product preferably is ~n alkoxylated bisphenol-A
dimethacrylate or ethylene ~lycol dimetha~rylate, and an alcohol. Most preferably, the reacted compounds are methyl methacrylate, ~nd ethoxylated bisphenol-A or ethylene glycol. The ~roduct alcohol may be removed ~s one of the aforementioned azeotropes.
The basic catalyst of the present invention is a potassium alkoxide or hydroxide.
Preferably, the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of potassium hydroxide, potassium methoxide, potassium ethoxide, potassium propoxide, and potassium butoxide and the like. The catalyst is typically added incrementally until a total of about 0.04 to about 4.0% by weight of the reaction mixture is delivered. Preferably, about 0.2 to about 1.0% is used.
The inhibitor system is employed in the absence of aromatic inhibitor(s) having acidic and/or ionic groups. Most preferably, the inhibitor system comprises phenothiazine. However, other aromatic inhib~tors having no acidic and ionic groups may be used. Other compounds may be present in the present inhibitor system provided these compounds do not offset the synergestics of the system.
The inhibitor compound is added either initially or incrementally until a total of about 0.01 to about 2.0% by weight of the starting alcohol is added. Preferably, 0.1 to 1.0% is used.
The Above reaction is preferably run ~t ~s low a temperature ~s possi~e. Usually within the range of a~out 65 to a~out 100~C. More preferAbly at about 70 to about 90~C, and most prefera~ly 75 to 80~C. The reaction may be run under ~Acuum, ~ut is preferably performed at atmospheric pressure.
The invention is illustrated ~y, but not limited to the following examples. Table I presents the results in comparative format.
Example 1 Into an apparatus consisting of a four-neck, one liter roundbottom flask e~uipped with a thermowell, agitator, addition funnel/anhydrous air bleed, and a reflux-controlled ten-tray Oldershaw distillation column/cold-water condenser ~<10~C), was added the following materials: 62.1 g ethylene glycol (1.00 mol), 400.5 g methyl methacrylate ~4.00 mol), 0.14 ~ phenothiazine (700 mmol), and 0.10 g pota,ssium methoxide (1400 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated to a moderate ~oil at atmospheric pressure. ~he temperature of the reaction mixture was maintained at 75~C by adding hexanes as needed. After column equilibration was achieved (the column was considered to ~e equilibrated once the ~mp~rature at Oldershaw column tray #5 decreased to its lowest point), distillate was ~...oved at a 3:1 reflux ratio until the temperature on the Oldershaw column tray #5 increased 15~C above its lowest temperature. The reaction mixture was then cooled to 50~C and another increment of 0.10 g potassium methoxide catalyst was W 097/37962 PCT~US97/06267 sdded. Heating was reinitiated and distillate was collected as before. ~epeating the process through three more incremental potassium methoxide ~dditions (another û.14 g increment of phenothiazine was A~A~rl and the reflux ratio was adjusted to 8:1 after the fifth potassium methoxide addition, and the reaction was terminated when the vapor take-off temperature increased 15~C above its lowest temperature) gave a reaction conversion of 98% (as deterrine~ by methanol collection) in 2.6 hours (the total reaction time represents the time of distillate collection). Polymer formation was not detected.
(The test for polymer formation involved mixing 3 drops of the reaction mixture effluent with approximately 3 g of methanol. Cloudiness or precipitate formation is indicative of polymer formation.) Example 2 The reagents were blended and the reaction was run as described in Example 1 except that 0.14 g 4-methoxyphenol (1100 mmol) was added in the initial charge and another 0.14 g after the fifth potassium methoxide addition. After 2.3 hours, an 85%
conversion was obtained. As can be seen from Table I, polymer formation was not detected.
However, the addition of the methoxyphenol inhibitor significantly compromised the reaction rate.
Example 3 ~ he reagents were blended and the reaction I was run as described in Example 2 except that 0.14 g W O 97/37962 PCTrUS97/06267 hydroquinone (1300 mmol) was substituted for 4-methoxyphenol initially ~nd another 0.14 g ~fter the fifth potassium methoxide ~ddition. After performing the reaction through the second potassium methoxide addition, the reaction was termi~ated due to exceedingly long equilibration times. After 0.4 hours, the conversion obtained was 10%. Po~ymer formation was not detected.
Example 4 Into an apparatus consisting of a four-neck, one liter roundbottom flask e~uipped with a thermowell, agitator, addition funnel/anhydrous air bleed, and a reflux-controlled ten-tray Oldershaw distillation column/cold-water condenser (<10~C), was added the following materials: 246 g 6-ethoxylated BPA ~0.500 mol)~ 163 g methyl methacrylate (1.63 mol), 0.27 g phenothiazine (1400 mmol), and 0.15 g potassium methoxide ~2100 mmol).
After column equilibration was achieved (the column was considered to be eguilibrated once the temperature at Oldershaw column tray #5 decreased to its lowest point~, distillate was removed at a 8:1 re~lux ratio until the temperature on the Oldershaw column tray #5 increased 15~C above its lowest temperature. The reaction mixture was then cooled to 50~C and another increment of 0.15 g potassium methoxide catalyst was added. Heating was reinitiated and distillate was collected as before.
Repeating the process through two more incremental potassium methoxide additions ~another 0.14 g increment of ~henothiazine was added after the W 097/37962 PCT~US97/06267 fourth potassium methoxide addition, and the reaction w8s terminsted when the vapor take-off temperature increased 15~C above its lowest terrerature~ gave a reaction conversion of 100% (as deter~;ne~ by methanol collection) in 3.6 hours (the total reaction time represents the time of distillate collectionl. Polymer formation wns minimal. tThe test for polymer formation involved mixing 3 drops of the reaction mixture effluent with spproximately 3 g of methanol. Cloudiness or precipitate formation is indicative of polymer formation.) Example ~
The reagents were ~lended and the reaction was run as descri~ed in Example 4 except that 0.27 4-methoxyphenol (2200 mmol) was added in the initial char~e and another 0.27 g following the fourth potassium methoxide addition. After 3.4 hours, a 95% conversion was obt~;n~. Polymer formation was evident. (The test for polymer formation involved mixing 3 drops of the reaction mixture effluent with approximately 3 g of methanol. Cloudiness or precipitate formation was indicative of polymer formation.) Here, the addition of the methoxyphenol inhibitor zffected the reaction rate si~nificantly.
W O 97/37962 PCT~US97/06267 Table I
Example One Two Three Four Fi~e Ester EGDM EGDM EGDM 6-EBAD 6-EBAD
Inhibitor PTZ MP/ ~Q/ PTZ MP/
PTZ PTZ PTZ
Conversion g8% 85% 10% 100% 95%
Time ~hours) 2.6 2.3 0.4 3.6 3.4 Polymer Test neg. neg. neg. minimal pos.
PTZ = phenothiazine MP = 4-methoxyphenol HQ = hydroquinone EGDM = ethylene glycol dimethacrylate 6-EBAD = 6-ethoxylated bisphenol-A
dimethacrylate
Technical Field The present invention relates to an improved method for effectin~ transesterification reactions of acrylate and slkylacrylate esters. The improved method utilizes sn inhibitor system having at least one aromatic amine compound that does not contain ionic or acidic groups. The inhibitor system enhances the reaction rate of the transesterification reaction while maintaining adequate polymerization suppression. The reactions are catalyzed by a basic catalyst and can be driven by the azeotropic removal of alcohol.
Rackground of the Invention There are numerous methods available for preparing acrylate and alky}acrylate esters. These methods inrlude direct and transesterification (ester interchange) reactions. One common feature of prior art transesterification processes is the use of aromatic inhibitor compounds such as hydroquinone and 4-methoxyphenol which contain ionic or acidic ~roups. If the acrylate or al~ylacrylate ester synthesis occurs via the transesterification pathway, a base catalyst can be utilized in the presence of polymerization inhibitor(s~. For example, British Patent No. 976,304 discloses a process for the preparation of an ester of scrylic or methacrylic acid by transesterification. The W 097/37962 PCTrUS97/06267 reaction utilizes a phenste catalyst in an amount which is at least stoichiometric with respect to the alcohol. The phenate catalyst c~n ~e pr~pared either in situ, or prior to transesterification.
White, in U. 5. Patent No. 3,714,234, discloses catalysts o~tA7~e~ from the reaction product of a tin containing compound and an alkali-metal phenoxide. These catalysts are used in the preparation of methacrylate esters such as 2-ethyl-1-hexylmethacry}ate.
As can be seen from prior art processes, amine-type polymerization inhibitors represent a widely utilized group of polymerization inhibiting compounds. These aromatic compounds are exemplified in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,117,238 and 4,228,084, which illustrate their application to transesterification reactions. However, a significant drawback to the prior art systems is that the inhibitors used have at least one acidic hydrogen, and therefore become ionic under basic conditions. The prior art shows the inhibitor can be used atone, or as is often the case, in combination with inhibitor(s~ having no ionic or acidic gro~ps, such as phenothiazine. By non-acidic and non-ionic inhibitors is meant those inhibitors which do not contain an acidic hydrogen.
As a resu}t, althou~h polymerization is inhibited with an ionic inhibitor, the base-catalyzed transesterification reaction rate is simultaneously affected. The reaction rate is retarded as compared to the instant process.
W 097/37962 PCT~US97/06267 The present invention is a novel approach to acrylate and alkylacrylate ester synthesis. This process includes the use of at least one Aromatic amine inhibitor having no acidic or ionic groups, in the Absence of prior ~rt ionic arom~tic co,l,~ounds.
As a result, reaction rates ~re enhAnced while adequate polymerization suppression is achieved.
Summary of the Invention This invention is drawn to a novel inhibitor system utilized in the transesterification syntheses of acrylate and alkylacrylic esters. The transesterification reaction can be driven in part by the azeotropic removal of the product alcohol.
For instance, if the starting ester is methyl methacrylate (M~A), the product methanol can be removed as a C5-C8 saturated hydrocarbon azeotrope or as a MMA/methanol azeotrope.
~ he feed ester and slcohol are reacted in the presence of a basic catalyst. Potassium alkoxides and hydroxides have been found to be efficient catalysts due to the ease with which they can be removed from the reaction mixture. The potassium catalyst has the unigue feature of allowing the reaction to be effectively run at temperatures lower than prior art processes. This is advantageous because ester monomers of the present invention will have a tendency to polymerize quickly at temperatures above 100~C. The reaction of the present invention should be run at temperatures at or below 100~C. Additionally, the i W O 97/37962 PCTrUS97/06267 need for acidic and ionic polymerization inhibitors is obviated. The ~resent invention can be performed at 1 to 5:1 ester to stsrting Alcohol eguivalents.
Typically, the ratio will be abo~t 1.1 to 3.0:1.
The ~asic catalyst is typically added incrementally, and is used in combination with the improved inhibitor system of the present invention.
As stated above, the ester materials of the transesterification reaction are prone to rapid polymerization at moderately high temperatures and also at extended reaction times. Even at temperatures ~elow 100~C, the mono~qrs will tend to polymerize under the transesterification reaction conditions. Therefore, it is advantageous to perform the transesterification using an effective polymerization inhi~itor system, as well as to minimize the time of reaction.
The present invention is an inhibitor system containing at least one aromatic amine compound hsving no acidic or ionic groups. The use of such an inhi~itor is a departure from prior art transesterification processes, wherein compounds having acidic and ionic groups are used ~s catalysts and/or inhi~itors. In the present invention, the use of a neutral, non-ionic inhibitor system unexpectedly enhances the rate of reaction while maintaining ade~uate polymerization suppression.
Detailed Description of the Invention An acrylic or alkylacrylic ester is reacted with an alcohol in the presence of a ~asic catalyst and the present in~ention inhi~itor. The c -ester is preferably an alkylmethacrylate and the alcohol is preferably a polyol. The reaction product preferably is ~n alkoxylated bisphenol-A
dimethacrylate or ethylene ~lycol dimetha~rylate, and an alcohol. Most preferably, the reacted compounds are methyl methacrylate, ~nd ethoxylated bisphenol-A or ethylene glycol. The ~roduct alcohol may be removed ~s one of the aforementioned azeotropes.
The basic catalyst of the present invention is a potassium alkoxide or hydroxide.
Preferably, the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of potassium hydroxide, potassium methoxide, potassium ethoxide, potassium propoxide, and potassium butoxide and the like. The catalyst is typically added incrementally until a total of about 0.04 to about 4.0% by weight of the reaction mixture is delivered. Preferably, about 0.2 to about 1.0% is used.
The inhibitor system is employed in the absence of aromatic inhibitor(s) having acidic and/or ionic groups. Most preferably, the inhibitor system comprises phenothiazine. However, other aromatic inhib~tors having no acidic and ionic groups may be used. Other compounds may be present in the present inhibitor system provided these compounds do not offset the synergestics of the system.
The inhibitor compound is added either initially or incrementally until a total of about 0.01 to about 2.0% by weight of the starting alcohol is added. Preferably, 0.1 to 1.0% is used.
The Above reaction is preferably run ~t ~s low a temperature ~s possi~e. Usually within the range of a~out 65 to a~out 100~C. More preferAbly at about 70 to about 90~C, and most prefera~ly 75 to 80~C. The reaction may be run under ~Acuum, ~ut is preferably performed at atmospheric pressure.
The invention is illustrated ~y, but not limited to the following examples. Table I presents the results in comparative format.
Example 1 Into an apparatus consisting of a four-neck, one liter roundbottom flask e~uipped with a thermowell, agitator, addition funnel/anhydrous air bleed, and a reflux-controlled ten-tray Oldershaw distillation column/cold-water condenser ~<10~C), was added the following materials: 62.1 g ethylene glycol (1.00 mol), 400.5 g methyl methacrylate ~4.00 mol), 0.14 ~ phenothiazine (700 mmol), and 0.10 g pota,ssium methoxide (1400 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated to a moderate ~oil at atmospheric pressure. ~he temperature of the reaction mixture was maintained at 75~C by adding hexanes as needed. After column equilibration was achieved (the column was considered to ~e equilibrated once the ~mp~rature at Oldershaw column tray #5 decreased to its lowest point), distillate was ~...oved at a 3:1 reflux ratio until the temperature on the Oldershaw column tray #5 increased 15~C above its lowest temperature. The reaction mixture was then cooled to 50~C and another increment of 0.10 g potassium methoxide catalyst was W 097/37962 PCT~US97/06267 sdded. Heating was reinitiated and distillate was collected as before. ~epeating the process through three more incremental potassium methoxide ~dditions (another û.14 g increment of phenothiazine was A~A~rl and the reflux ratio was adjusted to 8:1 after the fifth potassium methoxide addition, and the reaction was terminated when the vapor take-off temperature increased 15~C above its lowest temperature) gave a reaction conversion of 98% (as deterrine~ by methanol collection) in 2.6 hours (the total reaction time represents the time of distillate collection). Polymer formation was not detected.
(The test for polymer formation involved mixing 3 drops of the reaction mixture effluent with approximately 3 g of methanol. Cloudiness or precipitate formation is indicative of polymer formation.) Example 2 The reagents were blended and the reaction was run as described in Example 1 except that 0.14 g 4-methoxyphenol (1100 mmol) was added in the initial charge and another 0.14 g after the fifth potassium methoxide addition. After 2.3 hours, an 85%
conversion was obtained. As can be seen from Table I, polymer formation was not detected.
However, the addition of the methoxyphenol inhibitor significantly compromised the reaction rate.
Example 3 ~ he reagents were blended and the reaction I was run as described in Example 2 except that 0.14 g W O 97/37962 PCTrUS97/06267 hydroquinone (1300 mmol) was substituted for 4-methoxyphenol initially ~nd another 0.14 g ~fter the fifth potassium methoxide ~ddition. After performing the reaction through the second potassium methoxide addition, the reaction was termi~ated due to exceedingly long equilibration times. After 0.4 hours, the conversion obtained was 10%. Po~ymer formation was not detected.
Example 4 Into an apparatus consisting of a four-neck, one liter roundbottom flask e~uipped with a thermowell, agitator, addition funnel/anhydrous air bleed, and a reflux-controlled ten-tray Oldershaw distillation column/cold-water condenser (<10~C), was added the following materials: 246 g 6-ethoxylated BPA ~0.500 mol)~ 163 g methyl methacrylate (1.63 mol), 0.27 g phenothiazine (1400 mmol), and 0.15 g potassium methoxide ~2100 mmol).
After column equilibration was achieved (the column was considered to be eguilibrated once the temperature at Oldershaw column tray #5 decreased to its lowest point~, distillate was removed at a 8:1 re~lux ratio until the temperature on the Oldershaw column tray #5 increased 15~C above its lowest temperature. The reaction mixture was then cooled to 50~C and another increment of 0.15 g potassium methoxide catalyst was added. Heating was reinitiated and distillate was collected as before.
Repeating the process through two more incremental potassium methoxide additions ~another 0.14 g increment of ~henothiazine was added after the W 097/37962 PCT~US97/06267 fourth potassium methoxide addition, and the reaction w8s terminsted when the vapor take-off temperature increased 15~C above its lowest terrerature~ gave a reaction conversion of 100% (as deter~;ne~ by methanol collection) in 3.6 hours (the total reaction time represents the time of distillate collectionl. Polymer formation wns minimal. tThe test for polymer formation involved mixing 3 drops of the reaction mixture effluent with spproximately 3 g of methanol. Cloudiness or precipitate formation is indicative of polymer formation.) Example ~
The reagents were ~lended and the reaction was run as descri~ed in Example 4 except that 0.27 4-methoxyphenol (2200 mmol) was added in the initial char~e and another 0.27 g following the fourth potassium methoxide addition. After 3.4 hours, a 95% conversion was obt~;n~. Polymer formation was evident. (The test for polymer formation involved mixing 3 drops of the reaction mixture effluent with approximately 3 g of methanol. Cloudiness or precipitate formation was indicative of polymer formation.) Here, the addition of the methoxyphenol inhibitor zffected the reaction rate si~nificantly.
W O 97/37962 PCT~US97/06267 Table I
Example One Two Three Four Fi~e Ester EGDM EGDM EGDM 6-EBAD 6-EBAD
Inhibitor PTZ MP/ ~Q/ PTZ MP/
PTZ PTZ PTZ
Conversion g8% 85% 10% 100% 95%
Time ~hours) 2.6 2.3 0.4 3.6 3.4 Polymer Test neg. neg. neg. minimal pos.
PTZ = phenothiazine MP = 4-methoxyphenol HQ = hydroquinone EGDM = ethylene glycol dimethacrylate 6-EBAD = 6-ethoxylated bisphenol-A
dimethacrylate
Claims (16)
1. A method of making acrylate and alkylacrylate esters comprising (i) reacting under transesterification conditions, a first ester and a first alcohol in the presence of a basic catalyst and one or more aromatic amine compounds, wherein said aromatic amine compounds contain no acidic and ionic groups, and wherein a product ester and a product alcohol are formed, and (ii) recovering the product ester.
2. A method of claim 1 wherein the ratio of a first ester to alcohol is 1 to 5:1.
3. A method of claim 1 wherein the ratio of a first ester to alcohol is 1.1 to 3:1.
4. A method of claim 1 wherein said catalyst is added to the reaction volume incrementally.
5. A method of claim 1 wherein the amount of catalyst added is about 0.04 to 4.0 wt.% of the reaction mixture.
6. A method of claim 1 wherein the catalyst is 0.2 to 1-0 wt.% of the reaction mixture.
7. A method of claim 1 wherein the catalyst is a potassium alkoxide or hydroxide.
8. A method of claim 1 wherein the inhibitor system is 0.01 to 2.0 wt.% of the first alcohol.
9. A method of claim 1 wherein the inhibitor system is 0.1 to 1.0 wt.% of the first alcohol.
10. A method of claim 1 wherein the inhibitor system comprises phenothiazine.
11. A method of claim 1 wherein the reaction is run at about 65-100°C.
12. A method of claim 1 wherein the reaction is run at 70-90°C.
13. A method of claim 1 wherein the reaction is run at 75-80°C.
14. A method of claim 1 wherein the product alcohol is removed as C5-C8 saturated hydrocarbon azeotrope.
15. A method of claim 1 wherein the first ester is methyl methacrylate and the first alcohol is ethoxylated bisphenol-A.
16. A method of claim 1 wherein the first ester is methyl methacrylate and the first alcohol is ethylene glycol.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/630,087 US5763644A (en) | 1996-04-08 | 1996-04-08 | Method for transesterification |
| US08/630,087 | 1996-04-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2221868A1 true CA2221868A1 (en) | 1997-10-16 |
Family
ID=24525693
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002221868A Abandoned CA2221868A1 (en) | 1996-04-08 | 1997-04-07 | Improved method for transesterification |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5763644A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0830335A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2221868A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997037962A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10063175A1 (en) | 2000-12-18 | 2002-06-20 | Basf Ag | Process for the preparation of higher (meth) acrylic acid esters |
| GB0523340D0 (en) * | 2005-11-16 | 2005-12-28 | Ciba Sc Holding Ag | Manufacture of esters |
| EP2325214B1 (en) | 2009-11-20 | 2015-11-18 | King Saud University | Synthesis of acrylic or methacrylic acid/acrylate or methacrylate ester polymers using pervaporation |
| US9850192B2 (en) | 2012-06-08 | 2017-12-26 | Cj Cheiljedang Corporation | Renewable acrylic acid production and products made therefrom |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA562358A (en) * | 1958-08-26 | B. Biswell Charles | Stabilization of alkyl acrylates | |
| GB976304A (en) * | 1960-04-06 | 1964-11-25 | Rohm & Haas | Production of acrylates and methacrylates |
| US3714234A (en) * | 1968-07-02 | 1973-01-30 | Rohm & Haas | Catalysts and esterification process |
| NL7605330A (en) * | 1975-06-05 | 1976-12-07 | Degussa | PROCESS FOR PREPARING GLYCIDYL METHA CRYLATE. |
| DE2524930C3 (en) * | 1975-06-05 | 1982-11-04 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Process for the transesterification of esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid |
-
1996
- 1996-04-08 US US08/630,087 patent/US5763644A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-04-07 CA CA002221868A patent/CA2221868A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-04-07 EP EP97918644A patent/EP0830335A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-04-07 WO PCT/US1997/006267 patent/WO1997037962A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1997037962A1 (en) | 1997-10-16 |
| US5763644A (en) | 1998-06-09 |
| EP0830335A1 (en) | 1998-03-25 |
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