CA2218816A1 - Low molecular weight bicyclic-urea type thrombin inhibitors - Google Patents
Low molecular weight bicyclic-urea type thrombin inhibitors Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2218816A1 CA2218816A1 CA002218816A CA2218816A CA2218816A1 CA 2218816 A1 CA2218816 A1 CA 2218816A1 CA 002218816 A CA002218816 A CA 002218816A CA 2218816 A CA2218816 A CA 2218816A CA 2218816 A1 CA2218816 A1 CA 2218816A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- mmol
- solution
- compound according
- carbonyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D513/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00
- C07D513/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D513/04—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
- A61P7/02—Antithrombotic agents; Anticoagulants; Platelet aggregation inhibitors
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
This invention relates to heterocyclic inhibitors of the enzyme thrombin, their preparation, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof having general formula (I), wherein X, R2, R3, R4, R6, R7 and R8 are as defined herein. Also, the invention relates to the use of such compounds and compositions as anticoagulants and as agents for the treatment and prophylaxis or thrombotic disorders such as venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and arterial thrombosis resulting in acute ischemic events such as myocardial infarction or cerebral infarction.
Description
LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT BICYCLIC-UREA TYPE
TFRO~RIN INHIBITORS
FIELD OF THE lNv~N-lloN
This invention relates to compounds use~ul ~or the treatment of thrombotic disorders, and more particularly to novel heterocyclic inhibitors of the enzyme thrombin.
10R~CK~:ROUND
Inordinate thrombus formation on blood vessel walls precipitates acute cardiovascular disease states that are the chie~ cause o~ death in economically developed societies.
Plasma proteins such as fibrinogen, proteases and cellular receptors participating in hemostasis have emerged as important factors that play a role in acute and chronic coronary disease as well as cerebral artery disease by contributing to the formation of thrombus or blood clots that effectively diminish normal blood ~low and supply. Vascular aberrations stemming from primary pathologic states such as hypertension, rupture of atherosclerotic plaques or denuded endothelium, activate biochemical cascades that serve to respond and repair the injury site. Thrombin is a key regulatory enzyme in the coagulation cascade; it serves a pluralistic role as both a positive and negative feedback regulator. However, in pathologic conditions the former is amplified through catalytic activation of cofactors required for thrombin generation as well as activation of factor XIII
necessary ~or fibrin cross-linking and stabilization.
In addition to its direct effect on hemostasis, thrombin exerts direct effects on diverse cell types that support and CA 022188l6 lss7-ll-lo amplify pathogenesis o~ arterial thrombus disease. The enzyme is the strongest activator of platelets causing them to aggregate and release substances (e.g. ADP TXA2 NE) that further propagate the thrombotic cycle. Platelets in a fibrin mesh comprise the principal framework o~ a white thrombus.
Thrombin also exerts direct effects on endothelial cells causing release of vasoconstrictor substances and translocation of adhesion molecules that become sites for attachment of immune cells. In addition, the enzyme causes o mitogenesis of smooth muscle cells and proliferation of fibroblasts. From this analysis, it is apparent that inhibition of thrombin activity constitutes a viable therapeutic approach towards the attenuation of proliferative events associated with thrombosis.
The principal endogenous neutralizing factor for thrombin activity in m~mm~l S is antithrombin III (ATIII), a circulating plasma macroglobulin having low affinity for the enzyme.
Heparin exerts clinical efficacy in venous thrombosis by enhancing ATIII/thrombin binding through catalysis. However, heparin also catalyzes inhibition of other proteases in the coagulation cascade and its efficacy in platelet-dependent thrombosis is largely reduced or abrogated due to inaccessibility of thrombus-bound enzyme. Adverse side effects such as thrombocytopenia, osteoporosis and triglyceridemia have been observed following prolonged treatment with heparin.
Hirudin, derived from the glandular secretions of the leech hirido medicinal is is one of the high molecular weight natural anticoagulant protein inhibitors of thrombin activity (Markwardt F. Cardiovascular Drug Reviews, 10, 211, 1992). It is a biopharmaceutical that has demonstrated ef~icacy in wos6/374s7 PCTICA96/00318 experimental and clinical thrombosis. A potential drawbac~ to the use of Hirudin as a therapeutic agent is likely antigenicity and lack of an effective method of neutralization, especially in view of its extremely tight binding characteristics toward thrombin. The exceedingly high affinity for thrombin is unique and is attributed to a simultaneous interaction with the catalytic site as well as a distal ~anion binding exosite" on the enzyme.
Thrombin activity can also be abrogated by Hirudin-like molecules such as hirulog (Maraganore, J.M. et al., Biochemistry, 29, 7095, l990) or hirutonin peptides (DiMaio, J. et al., J. Med. Chem., 35, 3331, 1992).
Thrombin activity can also be inhibited by low molecular weight compounds that compete with fibrinogen for thrombin's catalytic site, thereby inhibiting proteolysis of that protein or other protein substrates such as the thrombin receptor. A
common strategy for designing enzyme inhibitory compounds relies on mimicking the specificity inherent in the primary and secondary structure of the enzyme's natural substrate.
Thus, Blomback et al. first designed a thrombin inhibitor that was modeled upon the partial sequence of the fibrinogen Aa chain comprising its proteolytically susceptible region (Blomback, et al., J. Clin. Lab. Invest., 24, 59, 1969). This region of fibrinogen minimally includes the residues commencing with phenylalanine:
Ala-Asp-Ser-Gly-Glu-Gly-Asp-Phe-Leu-Ala-Glu-Gly -Gly-Gly-Val-Arg-Gly-Pro-Arg ~ scissile bond ~=
CA 02218816 1997-11-lo W096l37497 PCT/CA96/00318 ~ystematic replacement o~ amino acids within this region has led to optimization o~ the tripeptidyl inhibitory sequence exempli~ied by the peptide (D)-Phe-Pro-Arg which corresponds to interactions within the P3-Pz-Pl local binding sites on thrombin (Bajusz S. et al. in Peptides: Chemistry Structure and Biology: Proceedings of the Fourth American Peptide Symposium, Walter R., Meienhofer J. Eds. Ann Arbor Science Publishers Inc., Ann Arbor MI, 1975, pp. 603).
o Bajusz et al. have also reported related compounds such as (D)Phe-Pro-Arg-(CO)H (GYKI-14166) and (D)MePhe-Pro-Arg-(CO)H
(GYKI-14766) (Peptides-Synthesis, Structure and Function:
Proceedings of the Seventh American Peptide Symposium, Rich, D.H. & Gross, E. eds., Pierce Chemical Company , 1981, pp.
417). These tripeptidyl aldehydes are effective thrombin inhibitors both in vi tro and in vivo. In the case of both GYKI-14166 and GYKI-14766, the aldehyde group is presumed to contribute strongly to inhibitory activity in view of its chemical reactivity toward thrombin's catalytic Serl95 residue, generating a hemiacetal intermediate.
Related work in the area o~ thrombin inhibitory activity has exploited the basic recognition binding moti~ engendered by the tripeptide (D)Phe-Pro-Arg while incorporating various functional or reactive groups in the locus corresponding to the putative scissile bond (i.e. Pl-P1').
In U.S. Patent 4,318,904, Shaw reports chloromethyl-ketones (PPACK) that are reactive towards Ser195 and His57. These two residues comprise part of thrombin's catalytic triad (Bode, W.
et al., EMBO Journal 8, 3467, 1989).
=
CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo u~ner examples o~ thrombin inhibitors bearing the (D)Phe-Pro-Arg general motif are those incorporating COOH-terminal boroarginine variants such as boronic acids or boronates (Kettner, C. et al., J. Biol. Chem., 268, 4734, 1993).
Still other congeners of this motif are those bearing phosphonates (Wang, C-L J., Tetrahedron Letters, 33, 7667, 1992) and a-Keto esters (Iwanowicz, E.J. et al.,Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 12, 1607, 1992).
lo Neises, B. et al. have described a trichloromethyl ketone thrombin inhibitor (MDL-73756) and Attenburger, J.M. et al.
have revealed a related difluoro alkyl amide ketone (Tetrahedron Letters, 32, 7255, 1991).
Maraganore et al. (European 0,333,356; WO 91/02750; U.S.
5,196,404) disclose a series of thrombin inhibitors that incorporate the D-Phe-Pro- moiety and hypothesize that this preferred structure fits well within the groove adjacent to zo the active site of thrombin. Variations on these inhibitors are essentially linear or cyclic peptides built upon the D-Phe-Pro moiety.
Another series of patents and patent applications have described attempts to develop effective inhibitors against thrombosis by using alpha-ketoamides and peptide aldehyde analogs (EP 0333356;WO 93/15756; WO 93/22344; WO 94/08941; WO
94/17817).
Still others have focused their attention on peptides, peptide derivatives, peptidic alcohols, or cyclic peptides as anti-thrombotic agents (WO 93/22344, EP 0276014; EP 0341607; EP
CA 02218816 1997-ll-10 0291982). Others have examined amidine sulfonic acid moieties to achieve this same end (U.S. 4,781,866), while yet others have examined para or meta substituted phenlyalanine derivatives (WO 92/08709; WO 92/6549).
A series of Mitsubishi patents and patent applications have disclosed apparently effective arg; n; n~m; de compounds for use as antithrombotic agents. The chemical structures described in these documents represent variations of side groups on the 0 argininamide compound (U.S. 4,173,630; U.S. 4,097,591; CA
1,131,621; U.S. 4,096,255; U.S. 4,046,876; U.S. 4,097,472; CA
TFRO~RIN INHIBITORS
FIELD OF THE lNv~N-lloN
This invention relates to compounds use~ul ~or the treatment of thrombotic disorders, and more particularly to novel heterocyclic inhibitors of the enzyme thrombin.
10R~CK~:ROUND
Inordinate thrombus formation on blood vessel walls precipitates acute cardiovascular disease states that are the chie~ cause o~ death in economically developed societies.
Plasma proteins such as fibrinogen, proteases and cellular receptors participating in hemostasis have emerged as important factors that play a role in acute and chronic coronary disease as well as cerebral artery disease by contributing to the formation of thrombus or blood clots that effectively diminish normal blood ~low and supply. Vascular aberrations stemming from primary pathologic states such as hypertension, rupture of atherosclerotic plaques or denuded endothelium, activate biochemical cascades that serve to respond and repair the injury site. Thrombin is a key regulatory enzyme in the coagulation cascade; it serves a pluralistic role as both a positive and negative feedback regulator. However, in pathologic conditions the former is amplified through catalytic activation of cofactors required for thrombin generation as well as activation of factor XIII
necessary ~or fibrin cross-linking and stabilization.
In addition to its direct effect on hemostasis, thrombin exerts direct effects on diverse cell types that support and CA 022188l6 lss7-ll-lo amplify pathogenesis o~ arterial thrombus disease. The enzyme is the strongest activator of platelets causing them to aggregate and release substances (e.g. ADP TXA2 NE) that further propagate the thrombotic cycle. Platelets in a fibrin mesh comprise the principal framework o~ a white thrombus.
Thrombin also exerts direct effects on endothelial cells causing release of vasoconstrictor substances and translocation of adhesion molecules that become sites for attachment of immune cells. In addition, the enzyme causes o mitogenesis of smooth muscle cells and proliferation of fibroblasts. From this analysis, it is apparent that inhibition of thrombin activity constitutes a viable therapeutic approach towards the attenuation of proliferative events associated with thrombosis.
The principal endogenous neutralizing factor for thrombin activity in m~mm~l S is antithrombin III (ATIII), a circulating plasma macroglobulin having low affinity for the enzyme.
Heparin exerts clinical efficacy in venous thrombosis by enhancing ATIII/thrombin binding through catalysis. However, heparin also catalyzes inhibition of other proteases in the coagulation cascade and its efficacy in platelet-dependent thrombosis is largely reduced or abrogated due to inaccessibility of thrombus-bound enzyme. Adverse side effects such as thrombocytopenia, osteoporosis and triglyceridemia have been observed following prolonged treatment with heparin.
Hirudin, derived from the glandular secretions of the leech hirido medicinal is is one of the high molecular weight natural anticoagulant protein inhibitors of thrombin activity (Markwardt F. Cardiovascular Drug Reviews, 10, 211, 1992). It is a biopharmaceutical that has demonstrated ef~icacy in wos6/374s7 PCTICA96/00318 experimental and clinical thrombosis. A potential drawbac~ to the use of Hirudin as a therapeutic agent is likely antigenicity and lack of an effective method of neutralization, especially in view of its extremely tight binding characteristics toward thrombin. The exceedingly high affinity for thrombin is unique and is attributed to a simultaneous interaction with the catalytic site as well as a distal ~anion binding exosite" on the enzyme.
Thrombin activity can also be abrogated by Hirudin-like molecules such as hirulog (Maraganore, J.M. et al., Biochemistry, 29, 7095, l990) or hirutonin peptides (DiMaio, J. et al., J. Med. Chem., 35, 3331, 1992).
Thrombin activity can also be inhibited by low molecular weight compounds that compete with fibrinogen for thrombin's catalytic site, thereby inhibiting proteolysis of that protein or other protein substrates such as the thrombin receptor. A
common strategy for designing enzyme inhibitory compounds relies on mimicking the specificity inherent in the primary and secondary structure of the enzyme's natural substrate.
Thus, Blomback et al. first designed a thrombin inhibitor that was modeled upon the partial sequence of the fibrinogen Aa chain comprising its proteolytically susceptible region (Blomback, et al., J. Clin. Lab. Invest., 24, 59, 1969). This region of fibrinogen minimally includes the residues commencing with phenylalanine:
Ala-Asp-Ser-Gly-Glu-Gly-Asp-Phe-Leu-Ala-Glu-Gly -Gly-Gly-Val-Arg-Gly-Pro-Arg ~ scissile bond ~=
CA 02218816 1997-11-lo W096l37497 PCT/CA96/00318 ~ystematic replacement o~ amino acids within this region has led to optimization o~ the tripeptidyl inhibitory sequence exempli~ied by the peptide (D)-Phe-Pro-Arg which corresponds to interactions within the P3-Pz-Pl local binding sites on thrombin (Bajusz S. et al. in Peptides: Chemistry Structure and Biology: Proceedings of the Fourth American Peptide Symposium, Walter R., Meienhofer J. Eds. Ann Arbor Science Publishers Inc., Ann Arbor MI, 1975, pp. 603).
o Bajusz et al. have also reported related compounds such as (D)Phe-Pro-Arg-(CO)H (GYKI-14166) and (D)MePhe-Pro-Arg-(CO)H
(GYKI-14766) (Peptides-Synthesis, Structure and Function:
Proceedings of the Seventh American Peptide Symposium, Rich, D.H. & Gross, E. eds., Pierce Chemical Company , 1981, pp.
417). These tripeptidyl aldehydes are effective thrombin inhibitors both in vi tro and in vivo. In the case of both GYKI-14166 and GYKI-14766, the aldehyde group is presumed to contribute strongly to inhibitory activity in view of its chemical reactivity toward thrombin's catalytic Serl95 residue, generating a hemiacetal intermediate.
Related work in the area o~ thrombin inhibitory activity has exploited the basic recognition binding moti~ engendered by the tripeptide (D)Phe-Pro-Arg while incorporating various functional or reactive groups in the locus corresponding to the putative scissile bond (i.e. Pl-P1').
In U.S. Patent 4,318,904, Shaw reports chloromethyl-ketones (PPACK) that are reactive towards Ser195 and His57. These two residues comprise part of thrombin's catalytic triad (Bode, W.
et al., EMBO Journal 8, 3467, 1989).
=
CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo u~ner examples o~ thrombin inhibitors bearing the (D)Phe-Pro-Arg general motif are those incorporating COOH-terminal boroarginine variants such as boronic acids or boronates (Kettner, C. et al., J. Biol. Chem., 268, 4734, 1993).
Still other congeners of this motif are those bearing phosphonates (Wang, C-L J., Tetrahedron Letters, 33, 7667, 1992) and a-Keto esters (Iwanowicz, E.J. et al.,Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 12, 1607, 1992).
lo Neises, B. et al. have described a trichloromethyl ketone thrombin inhibitor (MDL-73756) and Attenburger, J.M. et al.
have revealed a related difluoro alkyl amide ketone (Tetrahedron Letters, 32, 7255, 1991).
Maraganore et al. (European 0,333,356; WO 91/02750; U.S.
5,196,404) disclose a series of thrombin inhibitors that incorporate the D-Phe-Pro- moiety and hypothesize that this preferred structure fits well within the groove adjacent to zo the active site of thrombin. Variations on these inhibitors are essentially linear or cyclic peptides built upon the D-Phe-Pro moiety.
Another series of patents and patent applications have described attempts to develop effective inhibitors against thrombosis by using alpha-ketoamides and peptide aldehyde analogs (EP 0333356;WO 93/15756; WO 93/22344; WO 94/08941; WO
94/17817).
Still others have focused their attention on peptides, peptide derivatives, peptidic alcohols, or cyclic peptides as anti-thrombotic agents (WO 93/22344, EP 0276014; EP 0341607; EP
CA 02218816 1997-ll-10 0291982). Others have examined amidine sulfonic acid moieties to achieve this same end (U.S. 4,781,866), while yet others have examined para or meta substituted phenlyalanine derivatives (WO 92/08709; WO 92/6549).
A series of Mitsubishi patents and patent applications have disclosed apparently effective arg; n; n~m; de compounds for use as antithrombotic agents. The chemical structures described in these documents represent variations of side groups on the 0 argininamide compound (U.S. 4,173,630; U.S. 4,097,591; CA
1,131,621; U.S. 4,096,255; U.S. 4,046,876; U.S. 4,097,472; CA
2,114,153).
Canadian patent applications 2,076,311 and 2,055,850 disclose cyclic imino derivatives that exhibit inhibitory effects on cellular aggregation.
Many of the examples cited above are convergent by maintaining at least a linear acyclic tripeptidyl motif consisting of an arginyl unit whose basic side chain is required for interaction with a carboxylate group located at the base of the Pl specificity cleft in thrombin. Two adjacent hydrophobic groups provide additional binding through favourable Van der Waals interactions within a contiguous hydrophobic cleft on the enzyme surface designated the P3-P2 site.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention is to provide thrombin inhibitors that display inhibitory activity towards the target enzyme, thrombin.
-S~MMARY OF T~IE lNv~;NlloN
The present invention provides ~or novel compounds that display thrombin inhibitory activity as represented by ~ormula (I):
R ~ )m R3 ~N~R7 ~ o R6 whereln:
X is selected from CH-R5, O, S, SO, SO2 and NRg wherein R5 is 0 hydrogen, C16 alkyl optionally interrupted with 1 or 2 heteroatoms; C6l6 aryl, C37 cycloalkyl or heterocyclic ring or a hydrophobic group;
R2 is selected ~rom H, NH2 and Cl6 alkyl optionally substituted wlth C6 aryl, a 6 member heterocycle or a C37 cycloalkyl r1ng;
R3 and R4 are independently selected ~rom H; NR6R7; C6l6 aryl or C37 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with Cl 6 alkyl; Cl l6 alkyl optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatom or carbonyl group and optionally substituted with OH, SH, NR6R7 or a C6l6 aryl, heterocycle or C37 cycloalkyl group optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxyl, Cl 6 alkyl; an amino acid side chain; and a hydrophobic group;
R6 is a polar amino acid residue, arginyl moiety or an analog or derivative thereo~ optionally substituted with an amino acid, a peptide or a heterocycle;
R7 and R8 are independently hydrogen or Cl 6 alkyl;
m is an integer between 0 and 2; and n is an integer between 0 and 2.
According to another aspect o~ the invention, there is provided pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds o~
the formula (I) in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or adjuvants.
In yet another aspect, there is provided a method for the treatment or prophylaxis of thrombotic disorders in a m~mm~l, comprising administering to said mammal an effective amount of a compound according to formula (I).
DETZ~TT~T~n DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to compounds which inhibit the enzyme, thrombin. These molecules are characterized by a heterobicyclic moiety as illustrated in formula (I):
R 4 ~ X ~I)m R 3 ~ N ~ R 7 ~ o R6 wherein X, Rl to R8, m and n are as previously defined.
The term "hydrophobic group" (HG) as used hereinafter, refers to any group which lacks affinity for, or displaces water.
Hydrophobic groups include but are not limited to Cl20 alkyl, C220 alkenyl (e.g. vinyl, allyl) or C220alkynyl (e.g.
propargyl) optionally interrupted by a carbonyl group, (e.g.
forming an acyl group); C6l6 aryl, C3 7 cycloalkyl, C620 aralkyl, C620 cycloalkyl substituted Cl20 alkyl, wherein the aliphatic portion is optionally interrupted by a carbonyl group (e.g. forming an acyl group) and the ring portion is optionally substituted with Cl6 alkyl such as methyl ethyl or CA 02218816 1997-ll-10 t-butyl; or a hydrophobic amino acid side chain. Preferred hydrophobic groups include cyclohexyl, benzyl, benzoyl, phenylmethyl, phenethyl and para-t-butyl-phenylmethyl.
The term ~arginyl moiety~ represents an arginine amino acid v residue Ol- an analogue or derivative thereof For example, an analogue or derivative of the natural residue may incorporate a longer or shorter methylene chain ~rom the alpha carbon (i.e. ethylene or butylene chain); replacement of the guanidino group with a hydrogen bond donating or accepting group (i.e. amino, amidino or methoxy); replacement o~ the methylene chain with a constrained group (i.e. an aryl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclic ring); elimination of the terminal carboxyl (i.e. des-carboxy) or hydroxyl (i.e. an aldehyde); or a combination thereof.
The term "alkyl" represents a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated chain having a specified total number of carbon atoms.
The term "aromatic" or "aryl" represents an unsaturated carbocyclic ring(s) of 6 to 16 carbon atoms which is optionally mono- or di-substituted with OH, SH, amino (i.e.
NR6R7) halogen or Cl6 alkyl. Aromatic rings include benzene, napththalene, phenanthrene and anthracene. Preferred aromatic rings are benzene and naphthalene.
The term "cycloalkyl" represents a carbocyclic ring of 3 to 7 carbon atoms which is optionally mono- or di-substituted with OH, SH, amino (i.e. NR6R7) halogen or Cl6 alkyl. Cycloalkyl groups are generally saturated but may be partially =
unsaturated and include cyclo-propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl and heptyl. A preferred cycloalkyl group is cyclohexyl.
The term "aralkyl" represents a substituent comprising an aryl moiety attached via an alkyl chain (e.g. benzyl, phenethyl) wherein the sum total of carbon atoms for the aryl moiety and the alkyl chain is as specified. The aryl or chain portion of the group is optionally mono- or di-substituted with OH, SH, amino ~i.e. NR6R7) halogen or Cl6 alkyl The term "heteroatom" as used herein represents oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur (O, N or S) as well as sulfoxyl or sulfonyl (SO or SO2) unless otherwise indicated. It is understood that alkyl chains interrupted by one or more heteroatoms means that a carbon atom of the chain is replaced with a heteroatom having the appropriate valency. Preferably, an alkyl chain is interrupted by 0 to 4 heteroatoms and that two adjacent carbon atoms are not both replaced.
The term "heterocycle" represents a saturated or unsaturated mono- or polycyclic (i.e. bicyclic) ring incorporating l or more (i.e. 1-4) heteroatoms selected from N, O and S. It is understood that a heterocycle is optionally mono- or di-substituted with OH, SH, amino (i.e. NR6R7), halogen, CF3, oxo or C16 alkyl. Examples of suitable monocyclic heterocycles include but are not limited to pyridine, piperidine, pyrazine, piperazine, pyrimidine, imidazole, thiazole, oxazole, furan, pyran and thiophene. Examples of suitable bicyclic heterocycles include but are not limited to indole, quinoline, isoquinoline, purine, and carbazole.
CA 02218816 1997-ll-lo The term ~hydrophobic amino acid~ represents an amino acid residue that bears an alkyl or aryl group attached to the a-carbon atom. Thus glycine, which has no such group attached to the a-carbon atom is not a hydrophobic amino acid. The alkyl or aryl group can be substituted, provided that the ~ substituent or substituents do not detract from the overall hydrophobic character of the amino acid. Examples of hydrophobic amino acids include natural amino acid residues such as alanine; isoleucine; leucine; phenylalanine; and non-lo naturally occurring amino acids such as those described in "The Peptides", vol. 5, 1983, Academic Press, Chapter 6 by D .C. Roberts and F. Vellaccio. Suitable non-naturally occurring amino acids include cyclohexylalanine and 1-aminocyclohexane-carboxylic.
By "amino acid side chain" is meant the substituent attached to the carbon which is a to the amino group. For example, the side chain of the amino acid alanine is a methyl group and while benzyl is the side chain for phenylalanine.
Preferably, X is CH-R5, S or O wherein Rs is preferably H or Cl4 alkyl and most preferably H.
More preferably, X is S.
Preferably R2 is H, methyl or ethyl. Most preferably, R2 is H.
Preferably, one of R3 or R4 is a carboxyl group or a hydrophobic group such as a saturated or unsaturated carbocycle of 5 or 6 members optionally fused to another carbocyclic group while the other is H, C116 alkyl optionally substituted by NR6R7 or carboxy. The carboxy group or hydrophobic group may be linked via a spacer such as a Cll6 alkyl chain optionally interrupted with l or more (i.e. l-4) heteroatoms, carbonyl or sulfonyl (SO2) groups. More preferably, one of R3 and R4 is an optionally substituted aromatic ring such as phenyl, cyclohexyl, indole, thienyl, quinoline, tetrahydroisoquinoline, naphthyl or benzodioxolane linked via Cll6 alkyl optionally interrupted with a heteroatom or a carbonyl while the other is H, carboxymethyl or carboxyethyl. Optional aromatic ring substituents include OH, carboxy, Cl4 alkyl and halogen. In another more preferred embodiment, one of R3 and R4 is optionally substituted phenyl or cyclohexyl linked via a Cl4 alkyl optionally interrupted with carbonyl while the other is H, carboxymethyl or carboxyethyl. In a most preferred embodiment, R3 is benzyl, phenylethyl, phenylpropyl or cyclohexyl-methyl and R4 is H.
Preferably R7 and R8 are independently hydrogen, methyl or ethyl. More preferably R7 and R8 are independently hydrogen or methyl. Most preferably R7 and R8 are both hydrogen.
Preferably, m is 0 or l. More preferably, m is 0.
Preferably, n is O or l. More preferably, n is l.
In a preferred embodiment, R6 is represented by one of formula VIa to VId:
CA 022l88l6 l997-ll-l0 R"N ~ (J)n R,lN
Vla K~J )0-7 Vlb ~ )0-8 G K~
U~ ~(J)n Vld ~(J)nT
wherein:
R1l is hydrogen or C16 alkyl;
K is a bond or -NH-;
G is Cl 4 alkoxy; cyano; -NH2; -CH2-NH2; -C(NH)-NH2; -NH-C(NH)-NH2; -CH2-NH-C (NH) -NH2; a C6 cycloalkyl or aryl substituted with cyano, -NH2, -CH2-NH2, -c (NH) -NH2, -NH-C (NH) -NH2 or -CH2-NH-C (NH) -NH2; or a 5 or 6 member, saturated or unsaturated heterocycle optionally substituted with cyano, -NH2, -CH2-o NH2, -C(NH)-NH2, -NH-C (NH)-NH2 or -CH2-NH-C(NH)-NH2;
U is cyano, -NH2, -C(NH)-NH2 or -NH-C(NH)-NH2;
P is a bond, -C(O)- or a bivalent group:
~ CH' OH ~ ~ ~¦~ ~
J is C16 alkylene optionally substituted with OH, NH2 and C16 alkyl and optionally interrupted by a heteroatom selected from 0, S and N;
n is O or 1; and T iS H, OH, amino, a peptide chain, C116 alkyl, C116 alkoxy, C6 20 aralkyl, or heterocycle optionally substituted.
- Pre~erably R11 is H or methyl and most pre~erably H.
Pre~erably K is a bond.
CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo Preferably G is -NH-C (NH) -NH2 attached via a methylene chain of 3-7 carbons or phenyl substituted with -C (NH) -NH2 attached via a methylene chain of 0 to 3 carbons. More preferably G is -NH-C (NH) -NH2 attached via a methylene chain of 3 atoms.
Preferably P is -C(O)-.
Preferably J is selected from: -CH2-S-CH2-CH2-; -CH2-O-CH2-CH2-;
-CH2-NH-CH2-CH2-; and a bond when n is 0. More preferably, J
is a bond while n is 0.
o In particular embodiments of the invention, R6 is selected from the following amino acid derivatives prepared according to the procedures described in Bioorg. Med. Chem., 1995, 3:1145 :
"N~JI~ NJi~ "NJ~T
(~NH (~ (~
NJ\NMe N\~H
NH2 )=N //S--N
H2N o nl T "N~J~ , ~T
( ~?NH (~NH (~NH
N~ NH2 N/~r N~O
S--N ,~o )=N
CA 02218816 1997-ll-lO
O O O
N~JI~ HN~JI~T
N~\NH ~ NH
N~,JI~ ~N~JI~ H~J~
N~N (~ NH2 H3~ NH2 ~.1T ~N X~"
n2 NH2 n2 NH
HN~NH2 T~O T~O
N~ N~NH)n~
HN~NH H2N NH HNe~
CA 02218816 1997-ll-lO
,_N~
1~NH~H/N~
HN NH
N\J~ T.N~J¦~
~1 ~NH2 H2N~
~N ~Jl~ N~JI~
Canadian patent applications 2,076,311 and 2,055,850 disclose cyclic imino derivatives that exhibit inhibitory effects on cellular aggregation.
Many of the examples cited above are convergent by maintaining at least a linear acyclic tripeptidyl motif consisting of an arginyl unit whose basic side chain is required for interaction with a carboxylate group located at the base of the Pl specificity cleft in thrombin. Two adjacent hydrophobic groups provide additional binding through favourable Van der Waals interactions within a contiguous hydrophobic cleft on the enzyme surface designated the P3-P2 site.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention is to provide thrombin inhibitors that display inhibitory activity towards the target enzyme, thrombin.
-S~MMARY OF T~IE lNv~;NlloN
The present invention provides ~or novel compounds that display thrombin inhibitory activity as represented by ~ormula (I):
R ~ )m R3 ~N~R7 ~ o R6 whereln:
X is selected from CH-R5, O, S, SO, SO2 and NRg wherein R5 is 0 hydrogen, C16 alkyl optionally interrupted with 1 or 2 heteroatoms; C6l6 aryl, C37 cycloalkyl or heterocyclic ring or a hydrophobic group;
R2 is selected ~rom H, NH2 and Cl6 alkyl optionally substituted wlth C6 aryl, a 6 member heterocycle or a C37 cycloalkyl r1ng;
R3 and R4 are independently selected ~rom H; NR6R7; C6l6 aryl or C37 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with Cl 6 alkyl; Cl l6 alkyl optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatom or carbonyl group and optionally substituted with OH, SH, NR6R7 or a C6l6 aryl, heterocycle or C37 cycloalkyl group optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxyl, Cl 6 alkyl; an amino acid side chain; and a hydrophobic group;
R6 is a polar amino acid residue, arginyl moiety or an analog or derivative thereo~ optionally substituted with an amino acid, a peptide or a heterocycle;
R7 and R8 are independently hydrogen or Cl 6 alkyl;
m is an integer between 0 and 2; and n is an integer between 0 and 2.
According to another aspect o~ the invention, there is provided pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds o~
the formula (I) in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or adjuvants.
In yet another aspect, there is provided a method for the treatment or prophylaxis of thrombotic disorders in a m~mm~l, comprising administering to said mammal an effective amount of a compound according to formula (I).
DETZ~TT~T~n DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to compounds which inhibit the enzyme, thrombin. These molecules are characterized by a heterobicyclic moiety as illustrated in formula (I):
R 4 ~ X ~I)m R 3 ~ N ~ R 7 ~ o R6 wherein X, Rl to R8, m and n are as previously defined.
The term "hydrophobic group" (HG) as used hereinafter, refers to any group which lacks affinity for, or displaces water.
Hydrophobic groups include but are not limited to Cl20 alkyl, C220 alkenyl (e.g. vinyl, allyl) or C220alkynyl (e.g.
propargyl) optionally interrupted by a carbonyl group, (e.g.
forming an acyl group); C6l6 aryl, C3 7 cycloalkyl, C620 aralkyl, C620 cycloalkyl substituted Cl20 alkyl, wherein the aliphatic portion is optionally interrupted by a carbonyl group (e.g. forming an acyl group) and the ring portion is optionally substituted with Cl6 alkyl such as methyl ethyl or CA 02218816 1997-ll-10 t-butyl; or a hydrophobic amino acid side chain. Preferred hydrophobic groups include cyclohexyl, benzyl, benzoyl, phenylmethyl, phenethyl and para-t-butyl-phenylmethyl.
The term ~arginyl moiety~ represents an arginine amino acid v residue Ol- an analogue or derivative thereof For example, an analogue or derivative of the natural residue may incorporate a longer or shorter methylene chain ~rom the alpha carbon (i.e. ethylene or butylene chain); replacement of the guanidino group with a hydrogen bond donating or accepting group (i.e. amino, amidino or methoxy); replacement o~ the methylene chain with a constrained group (i.e. an aryl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclic ring); elimination of the terminal carboxyl (i.e. des-carboxy) or hydroxyl (i.e. an aldehyde); or a combination thereof.
The term "alkyl" represents a straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated chain having a specified total number of carbon atoms.
The term "aromatic" or "aryl" represents an unsaturated carbocyclic ring(s) of 6 to 16 carbon atoms which is optionally mono- or di-substituted with OH, SH, amino (i.e.
NR6R7) halogen or Cl6 alkyl. Aromatic rings include benzene, napththalene, phenanthrene and anthracene. Preferred aromatic rings are benzene and naphthalene.
The term "cycloalkyl" represents a carbocyclic ring of 3 to 7 carbon atoms which is optionally mono- or di-substituted with OH, SH, amino (i.e. NR6R7) halogen or Cl6 alkyl. Cycloalkyl groups are generally saturated but may be partially =
unsaturated and include cyclo-propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl and heptyl. A preferred cycloalkyl group is cyclohexyl.
The term "aralkyl" represents a substituent comprising an aryl moiety attached via an alkyl chain (e.g. benzyl, phenethyl) wherein the sum total of carbon atoms for the aryl moiety and the alkyl chain is as specified. The aryl or chain portion of the group is optionally mono- or di-substituted with OH, SH, amino ~i.e. NR6R7) halogen or Cl6 alkyl The term "heteroatom" as used herein represents oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur (O, N or S) as well as sulfoxyl or sulfonyl (SO or SO2) unless otherwise indicated. It is understood that alkyl chains interrupted by one or more heteroatoms means that a carbon atom of the chain is replaced with a heteroatom having the appropriate valency. Preferably, an alkyl chain is interrupted by 0 to 4 heteroatoms and that two adjacent carbon atoms are not both replaced.
The term "heterocycle" represents a saturated or unsaturated mono- or polycyclic (i.e. bicyclic) ring incorporating l or more (i.e. 1-4) heteroatoms selected from N, O and S. It is understood that a heterocycle is optionally mono- or di-substituted with OH, SH, amino (i.e. NR6R7), halogen, CF3, oxo or C16 alkyl. Examples of suitable monocyclic heterocycles include but are not limited to pyridine, piperidine, pyrazine, piperazine, pyrimidine, imidazole, thiazole, oxazole, furan, pyran and thiophene. Examples of suitable bicyclic heterocycles include but are not limited to indole, quinoline, isoquinoline, purine, and carbazole.
CA 02218816 1997-ll-lo The term ~hydrophobic amino acid~ represents an amino acid residue that bears an alkyl or aryl group attached to the a-carbon atom. Thus glycine, which has no such group attached to the a-carbon atom is not a hydrophobic amino acid. The alkyl or aryl group can be substituted, provided that the ~ substituent or substituents do not detract from the overall hydrophobic character of the amino acid. Examples of hydrophobic amino acids include natural amino acid residues such as alanine; isoleucine; leucine; phenylalanine; and non-lo naturally occurring amino acids such as those described in "The Peptides", vol. 5, 1983, Academic Press, Chapter 6 by D .C. Roberts and F. Vellaccio. Suitable non-naturally occurring amino acids include cyclohexylalanine and 1-aminocyclohexane-carboxylic.
By "amino acid side chain" is meant the substituent attached to the carbon which is a to the amino group. For example, the side chain of the amino acid alanine is a methyl group and while benzyl is the side chain for phenylalanine.
Preferably, X is CH-R5, S or O wherein Rs is preferably H or Cl4 alkyl and most preferably H.
More preferably, X is S.
Preferably R2 is H, methyl or ethyl. Most preferably, R2 is H.
Preferably, one of R3 or R4 is a carboxyl group or a hydrophobic group such as a saturated or unsaturated carbocycle of 5 or 6 members optionally fused to another carbocyclic group while the other is H, C116 alkyl optionally substituted by NR6R7 or carboxy. The carboxy group or hydrophobic group may be linked via a spacer such as a Cll6 alkyl chain optionally interrupted with l or more (i.e. l-4) heteroatoms, carbonyl or sulfonyl (SO2) groups. More preferably, one of R3 and R4 is an optionally substituted aromatic ring such as phenyl, cyclohexyl, indole, thienyl, quinoline, tetrahydroisoquinoline, naphthyl or benzodioxolane linked via Cll6 alkyl optionally interrupted with a heteroatom or a carbonyl while the other is H, carboxymethyl or carboxyethyl. Optional aromatic ring substituents include OH, carboxy, Cl4 alkyl and halogen. In another more preferred embodiment, one of R3 and R4 is optionally substituted phenyl or cyclohexyl linked via a Cl4 alkyl optionally interrupted with carbonyl while the other is H, carboxymethyl or carboxyethyl. In a most preferred embodiment, R3 is benzyl, phenylethyl, phenylpropyl or cyclohexyl-methyl and R4 is H.
Preferably R7 and R8 are independently hydrogen, methyl or ethyl. More preferably R7 and R8 are independently hydrogen or methyl. Most preferably R7 and R8 are both hydrogen.
Preferably, m is 0 or l. More preferably, m is 0.
Preferably, n is O or l. More preferably, n is l.
In a preferred embodiment, R6 is represented by one of formula VIa to VId:
CA 022l88l6 l997-ll-l0 R"N ~ (J)n R,lN
Vla K~J )0-7 Vlb ~ )0-8 G K~
U~ ~(J)n Vld ~(J)nT
wherein:
R1l is hydrogen or C16 alkyl;
K is a bond or -NH-;
G is Cl 4 alkoxy; cyano; -NH2; -CH2-NH2; -C(NH)-NH2; -NH-C(NH)-NH2; -CH2-NH-C (NH) -NH2; a C6 cycloalkyl or aryl substituted with cyano, -NH2, -CH2-NH2, -c (NH) -NH2, -NH-C (NH) -NH2 or -CH2-NH-C (NH) -NH2; or a 5 or 6 member, saturated or unsaturated heterocycle optionally substituted with cyano, -NH2, -CH2-o NH2, -C(NH)-NH2, -NH-C (NH)-NH2 or -CH2-NH-C(NH)-NH2;
U is cyano, -NH2, -C(NH)-NH2 or -NH-C(NH)-NH2;
P is a bond, -C(O)- or a bivalent group:
~ CH' OH ~ ~ ~¦~ ~
J is C16 alkylene optionally substituted with OH, NH2 and C16 alkyl and optionally interrupted by a heteroatom selected from 0, S and N;
n is O or 1; and T iS H, OH, amino, a peptide chain, C116 alkyl, C116 alkoxy, C6 20 aralkyl, or heterocycle optionally substituted.
- Pre~erably R11 is H or methyl and most pre~erably H.
Pre~erably K is a bond.
CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo Preferably G is -NH-C (NH) -NH2 attached via a methylene chain of 3-7 carbons or phenyl substituted with -C (NH) -NH2 attached via a methylene chain of 0 to 3 carbons. More preferably G is -NH-C (NH) -NH2 attached via a methylene chain of 3 atoms.
Preferably P is -C(O)-.
Preferably J is selected from: -CH2-S-CH2-CH2-; -CH2-O-CH2-CH2-;
-CH2-NH-CH2-CH2-; and a bond when n is 0. More preferably, J
is a bond while n is 0.
o In particular embodiments of the invention, R6 is selected from the following amino acid derivatives prepared according to the procedures described in Bioorg. Med. Chem., 1995, 3:1145 :
"N~JI~ NJi~ "NJ~T
(~NH (~ (~
NJ\NMe N\~H
NH2 )=N //S--N
H2N o nl T "N~J~ , ~T
( ~?NH (~NH (~NH
N~ NH2 N/~r N~O
S--N ,~o )=N
CA 02218816 1997-ll-lO
O O O
N~JI~ HN~JI~T
N~\NH ~ NH
N~,JI~ ~N~JI~ H~J~
N~N (~ NH2 H3~ NH2 ~.1T ~N X~"
n2 NH2 n2 NH
HN~NH2 T~O T~O
N~ N~NH)n~
HN~NH H2N NH HNe~
CA 02218816 1997-ll-lO
,_N~
1~NH~H/N~
HN NH
N\J~ T.N~J¦~
~1 ~NH2 H2N~
~N ~Jl~ N~JI~
4~ HNq~N~3 Jl~ NH2 .~T - T~N~JI~
9~NH2 9~NH2 ~NH
HN
,,N~JI~ T . ~T
H ~ ~N~NH2 HN
T H~J~ H~Jl~
~0 H,!N~ ~H
O O
,.N~JI~ N~JI~T "N~J~T
~N~NH
O O
.~' ~J~T N~JI~T
HN~
H2N ~NH
O O
T ~ N ~I~
~NH2 NH ~NH2 NH NH
0 wherein n=l-6, nl=l-2, n2=0-7 and T is as previously defined.
In a preferred embodiment, T is a peptide of l to 4 amino acid residues in length and preferably fibrinogen's A or B chain or fragment or derivative thereof. In another preferred CA 02218816 1997-ll-lo W096t37497 PCTICA96/00318 embodiment, T is a heterocycle selected from the group consisting of:
X6 ~ X5 ~ ~R' ''I~ ~ '<X,3 ~X,~
wherein X5, X10, Xl1 and X12 are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, or C-X7 where X7 iS hydrogen, C14 alkyl, or C616 aryl;
X6 and X13 are each independently selected from the group o consisting of C, O, N, S, N-X7, or CH-X7;
R' is hydrogen, C116 alkyl optionally carboxyl substituted, carboxyl, -C0l6 alkyl-CO2-Cll6 alkyl, C620 aralkyl, C37 cycloalkyl, aryl or an aromatic heterocycle.
Preferably T is selected from the group consisting of:
CA 02218816 1997-11-lo ~ f ~ ~ ~N~ ~N, , ,~
;~1 N~ 3 N ~ N R
~N~ R ~ R' R'~
- _ _~ \ _ _<N ? ~ s~
wherein R' is as defined above.
More preferably T is selected from the group consisting of:
- ~ ~N~ , ~ R' j~
wherein R~ is as de~ined above.
More preferably T is selected from the group consisting of:
' ' 1/ ~ ~ ~ ' ;~ ' ~ N ~ ~ I J
lo wherein R' is as defined above.
Most pre~erably T is S \~ or R~ ~
wherein R' is H or Cl4 alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl and most preferably wherein R' is hydrogen,. In another embodiment, T is a l,2 thiazole optionally substituted with R~
and/or is attached to J at the 2, 3, 4 or 5 position of the ring.
A more preferred embodiment of the present invention is illustrated by compounds having Formulae II, III, IV, and v wherein R3, R~, R6, R7 and R8 are as defined in each of the above embodiments.
R ~o II
, N ~ N ~ R, o R6 III
R, IV
R4~X~
, N ~ N ~8 ~
V
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the compounds of formulae (I) to (V), depending of the substituents, may contain one or more chiral centers and thus exist in the form of many different isomers, optical isomers (i.e. enantiomers) and mixtures thereof including racemic mixtures. All such isomers, enantiomers and mixtures thereof including racemic mixtures are included within the scope of o the invention.
Preferred compounds of the invention include:
6 (3S)-6-benzyl-5-oxo- ~ s hexahydro-imidazo[5,1- \-~ ~ . N~,N~NH !' N~
b]thiazole-3-carboxylic o .
acid [1-(benzothiaozle-2-HN
carbonyl)-4-guanidino-H2N ~NH
butyl]-amide 7 (S)-6-benzyl-5-oxo- ~1 ~ O
hexahydro-thiazolo(3,2- ,~~,N~N~NH N~ -c)pyrlmldlne-3-carboxylic 0 J
acid (4-guanidino-1-(benzothiazole-2- ~
carbonyl)-butyl)-amide H2N NH
CA 02218816 1997-11-lo 6-(para-tBu-phenylmethyl)-5-oxo-hexahydro- ~ , ~ r-~ >
imidazo[5,1-b]thiazole-3-~-~' ,N~,N~NH~
carboxylic acid [1-(benzothiaozle-2- lN
carbonyl)-4-guanidino- H2N NH
butyl]-amide 9 6-(3-phenyl-prop-2-enyl)- -"~ ! s 5-oxo-hexahydro- \~ N ~, N ~ ) N
imidazo[5,1-b]thiazole-3- ~ ' <s carboxylic acid [1-H l~i (benzothiaozle-2-H
carbonyl)-4-guanidino-butyl]-amide lQ 6-(cyclohexylmethyl)-5- ~ s oxo-hexahydro-imidazo[5,1- ~ N~ .N~NH ~ ~1 N~
b]thiazole-3-carboxylic~ O j ~ ~ i acid [1-(benzothiaozle-2-carbonyl)-4-guanidino- H~
butyl]-amide ~2N N~
11 6-(2-trifluoromethyl ~ ~-~ ~ 5 quinolin-7-yl)-5-oxo- F3C N J ~ ~ NH ~ N
hexahydro-thiazolo(3,2- ~ s c)pyrimidine-3-carboxylic HN' acid (4-guanidino-1- HIN NH
(thiazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl)-amide CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo 12a (3S,9S)-6-phenylpropyl-5- ~ ~~~ s oxo-hexahydro- ~3 ~ NH ~0 N
thiazolo(3,2-c)pyrimidine- O ~/ 3 3-carboxylic acid (4-guanidino-1-(thiazole-2- HN
carbonyl)-butyl)-amide H2N~NH
12b (3S,9S)-6-phenylpropyl-5- ~ j~~J.s>
oxo-hexahydro- ~~ ) N~ ,N--~_NH N-thiazolo(3,2-c)pyrimidine- O O ~ <
3-carboxylic acid (4-guanidino-1-(thiazole-2- HN
carbonyl)-~utyl)-amide .!;
12c (3S,9R)-6-phenylpropyl-5- ~, ~ s oxo-hexahydro- ~ l ,N~ ,N_ ~ _NH N
thiazolo(3,2-c)pyrimidine- o O ~/ <~
3-carboxylic acid (4-guanidino-1-(thiazole-2- HN
carbonyl)-butyl)-amide H2N~NH
12d (3S, 9R) -6-phenylpropyl-5- ~ s oxo--hexahydro- ~3 ~i ~ NH i N
thiazolo(3,2-c)pyrimidine- o 3-carboxylic acid (4-guanidino-l-(thiazole-2- HN
carbonyl)-butyl)-amide H2N~NH
13a (3S,9S)-6-benzyl-5-oxo- ~ ~ H
hexahydro-thiazolo(3,2- ~ J ~N~r~N--~NH 1~, N
c)pyrimidine-3-carboxylico ~ ~ -~/ 3 acid (4-guanidino-1-(thiazole-2-carbonyl)- HN
butyl)-amide (~ast moving H2N~NH
isomer on HPLC) CA 022188l6 lss7-ll-lo 13b (3S,9S)-6-benzyl-5-oxo- ~ H
hexahydro-thiazolo(3,2- ~ ~,1\ N~ N ~ NH il N _ c)pyrimidine-3-carboxylic o O ''~~ </ 1¦
acid (4-guanidino-1-(thiazole-2-carbonyl)- HN
butyl)-amide (slow moving H2N iNH
isomer on HPLC ) 13c (3S,9R)-6-benzyl-5-oxo- ~ H s~
hexahydro-thiazolo(3,2- ~ N~ N~NH N' c)pyrimidine-3-carboxylic 0 '~
acid (4-guanidino-1-(thiazole-2-carbonyl)- HN
butyl)-amide (fast moving H2N 'NH
isomer on HPLC) 1~ (3S,9R)-6-benzyl-5-oxo- H
hexahydro-thiazolo(3,2- -~ .. N, N~ O
c)pyrimidine-3-carboxylic '' ~NH~ ~,' N
acid (4-guanidino-1-(thiazole-2-carbonyl)- HN
butyl)-amide (slow moving H2N~NH
isomer on HPLC ) Compounds of the present invention are further characterized by their ability to inhibit the catalytic activity of thrombin, which can be demonstrated in the assay as follows.
Compounds of the present invention may be prepared for assay by dissolving them in buffer to give solutions ranging in concentrations from 0 to lOO~M. In an assay to determine the inhibitory dissociation constant, Ki, for a given compound, a chromogenic or fluorogenic substrate of thrombin would be o added to a solution containing a test compound and thrombin;
the resulting catalytic activity of the enzyme would be CA 02218816 1997-ll-lo spectrophotometrically determined. This type of assays lS
well known to those skilled in the art.
Accordingly, compounds o~ the invention may be used in the treatment and/or prophylaxis o~ thrombotic disorders mediated by the activity of thrombin. Such thrombotic disorders include venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, arterial thrombosis, myocardial in~arction and cerebral in~arction.
Methods of treatment or prophylaxis according to the invention o comprise administering to a mammal, more particularly human, an effective amount of compounds of the present invention. By "effective" is meant an amount of the compound sufficient to alleviate or reduce the severity o~ the disorder as measured by parameters established for the particular indication i.e.
blood flow (patency), clot size or density.
The compounds of the present invention may be used as anti-coagulants in vitro or ex vivo as in the case o~ contact activation with foreign thrombogenic surfaces such as is ~ound in tubing used in extracorporeal shunts. The compounds of the invention may also be used to coat the sur~ace of such conduits. To this end, the compounds of the invention are obtained as lyophilized powders, redissolved in isotonic saline and added in an amount sufficient to maintain blood in an anticoagulated state.
The therapeutic agents of the present invention may be administered alone or in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or adjuvants. The proportion o~
0 each carrier, diluent or adjuvant is determined by the solubility and chemical nature of the compound, the route of administration, and standard pharmaceutical practice. For example, the compounds may be in~ected parenterally; this being intramuscularly, intravenously, or subcutaneously. For parenteral administration, the compound may be used in the form of sterile solutions containing other solutes, for example, sufficient saline or glucose to make the solution isotonic. The compounds may be administered orally in the form of tablets, capsules, or granules containing suitable excipients such as starch, lactose, white sugar and the like.
The compounds may also be administered sublingually in the o form of troches or lozenges in which each active ingredient is mixed with sugar or corn syrups, flavouring agents and dyes, and then dehydrated sufficiently to make the mixture suitable for pressing into solid form. The compounds may be administered orally in the form of solutions which may contain colouring and/or flavouring agents.
Physicians will determine the dosage of the present therapeutic agents which will be most suitable. Dosages may vary with the mode of administration and the particular compound chosen. In addition, the dosage may vary with the particular patient under treatment. For parenteral administration, typical dosage is about O.l to 500 mg/kg body weight per day, and preferably about 0.5 to lO mg/kg body weight per day.
When the composition is administered orally, a larger quantity of the active agent will typically be required to produce the same effect as caused with a smaller quantity given parenterally.
For preparation of the compounds of this invention, various methods can be employed depending upon the particular starting materials and/or intermediates involved.
Successful preparation of these compounds is possible by way o~ several synthetic routes one of which is outlined below.
CA 02218816 1997-ll-lO
WO 96t37497 PCTICA96/00318 S CHEME
OH o ~J STEP 1 ~~ H
X XI
H R7 Ra O
X ~ ~ o R 2 ol STEP 2 X I I ~
R ~ ~ STEP 3 ~aR 7 O O ORzo XIV
R 6H ~ XIII
STEP4 !
R4~ ~)m o xv Wherein;
Pg is a nitrogen protecting group;
R20 is a Cl6 alkyl; and X, n, m, R3, R4, R6, R7, and R8 are as de~ined above.
The process depicted in scheme 1 can be briefly describe as follows:
CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo Wog6/374s7 PCT/CA96/00318 ST~p 1 The amino function of the alkylaminoalcohol of formula (X) is protected with an appropriate amino protecting group. A
variety of protecting groups known for reactive functional groups and suitable protection and deprotection protocols may be found in T. Greene, Protective Groups In Or~anic Synthesis, (John Wiley & sons, 1981). The appropriate protecting group to use in a particular synthetic scheme will depend on many lo factors, including the presence of other reactive functional groups and the reaction conditions desired for removal. The protected aminoalkylalcohol is then sub]ected to oxidation, using an appropriate oxidizing agent, such as a catalytic amount of tetrapropylammonium perruthenate (TPAP) along with N-methylmorpholine oxide (NMO)in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane tCH2C12) to yield to a protected amino alkyl aldehyde of formula (XI).
The protected amino alkyl aldehyde of formula (XI) is coupled with an amino acid alkyl ester of formula (XII) with an appropriate base such as potassium carbonate in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane to yield to a cyclic intermediate of formula (XIII).
The amino protecting group of the cyclic intermediate of formula (XIII) is removed under appropriate condition and the resulting compound is then contacted with a reagent appropriate for internal ring closure such as phosgene, triphosgene or carbonyldiimidazole in an inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran to yield to a bicyclic intermediate of formula (XIV).
W096/37497 PCTtCA96/00318 ST~P 4 The ester function (-C(O)O-R20) of the bicyclic intermediate of formula (XIV) is subjected to hydrolysis using an appropriate reagent such as LiOH to yield to the free carboxylic acid. The resulting compound is then coupled to R6H with a peptide coupling agent such as BOP in an appropriate solvent such as dimethylformamide to yield to a coupled bicyclic compound of formula (XV). Suitable conditions for peptide bond formation are well known in the art of peptide chemistry. For example see Principles of Peptide Synthesis, Bodanszky M., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo 1984; and The Peptides. Analysis. Synthesis. Biology. Vol. ~.edited by Gross E., and Meienhofer J., Academic Press , New York, San Francisco, London, 1979.
In a particular embodiment wherein X is S, the following scheme 2 may be followed:
L-cysteine ethyl ester Ph~N~VOH 1) (BOC)20- CH7C12 ~ Ph~N~O K2C03, M9504 H 2) TPAP, NMO or PCC BOC H
Ph N~ S 1) HCI 4.0 M / dioxane Ph ~,~5 BOC HN ~ 2) L, iul~osgt:ne or N,N-carbonyl ~ ~
COzEt O CO2Et 1) LiOH
2) thiazole or ben~utl lid~OIe Ph H
keto arginine, BOP ~r N~S
4) HPLC purification ~N~ ~
Ar = thiazole, be~l,uUIid~ult:
HN rn-; 2 ,1~ CF3C02H
HN ~ NH2 The compounds of this invention may be puri~ied during their synthesis and/or after their preparation by standard techniques well known to the skilled artisan. One pre~erred puri~ication technique is silica gel chromatography. In particular, the flash chromatographic technique may be used.
However, other chromatographic methods, including HPLC, may be used ~or purification of the compounds. Crystallization may also be used to purify the products, as may washing procedures with appropriate organic solvents.
Where the compound o~ ~ormula (I) is desired as a single isomer, it may be obtained either by resolution o~ the final CA 02218816 1997-ll-lo product or by stereospecific synthesis from isomerically pure starting materlal or any convenient intermediate.
Resolution of the final product, or an intermediate or starting material therefor, may be effected by any suitable method known in the art: see for example, "Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds", by E.L. Eliel (McGraw Hill, 1962), and "Tables of Resolving Agents", by S.H. Wilen. Resolution of the final compound can also be achieved using chiral HPLC
techniques.
To further assist in understanding the present invention, the following non-limiting examples of such thrombin inhibitory compounds are provided. The following examples, of course, should not be construed as specifically limiting the present invention, variations presently known or later developed, which would be within the purview of one skilled in the art and considered to fall within the scope of the present invention as described herein. The preferred compounds as of the present invention can be synthesized using conventional preparative steps and recovery methods known to those skilled in the art of organic and bio-organic synthesis, while providing a new a unique combination for the overall synthesis of each compound. Preferred synthetic routes for intermediates involved in the synthesis as well as the resulting anti-thrombotic compounds of the present invention follow.
CA 022l88l6 l997-ll-l0 O O
Boc~ ~ ~OCH3 1. Zn/Cu couple; ultrasound Boc~ ~ ~OCH3 CH3 2. Io-cH3c6H4)3pl2pdcl~ l H3 4-iodobenzonitrile NC~
A solution of tert-butyloxycarbonyl-iodo-alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (2.68 g, 7.5 mmol) (J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 3397-3404) in dry benzene (30 mL), and dry N,N-dimethylacetamide (2.0 mL) was added to a dry nitrogen-purged round bottom flask charged with zinc-copper couple (0.90 g).
The resulting mixture was sonicated under nitrogen until no starting material remained (as judged by TLC). Bis(tri-o-tolylphosphine)palladium dichloride (0.35 g, 0.40 mmol) was added followed by 4-iodobenzonitrile (1.72 g, 7.5 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere with heating, allowed to cool, ethyl acetate (100 mL) was added, and the mixture filtered into a separatory funnel. Sequential washing with aqueous HCl (50 mL; 0.1N), distilled H20 (3 x 50 mL), drying over Na2SO4, ~iltration, and concentration under reduced pressure yielded the crude product. Flash chromatography over silica gel (light petroleum-ethyl acetate gradient) a~orded the puri~ied compound.
WO ~6/37497 PCT/CA96/00318 O O
~N~ ~OCH3 1. Zn/Cu couple; ultrasound _ ~OCH3 2. Io-CH3C6H4)3Pl2Pdc12 ~ ~ CH3 3-iodobellzooitrile~~
CN
A solution o~ tert-butyloxycarbonyl-iodo-alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (2.68 g, 7.5 mmol) (J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 3397-3404) in dry benzene (30 mL), and dry N,N-dimethylacetamide (2.0 mL) was added to a dry nitrogen-purged round bottom flask charged with zinc-copper couple (0.90 g).
The resulting mixture was sonicated under nitrogen until no starting material remained (as judged by TLC). Bis(tri-o-tolylphosphine)palladium dichloride (0.35 g, 0.40 mmol) was added followed by 3-iodobenzonitrile (1.72 g, 7.5 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere with heating, allowed to cool, ethyl acetate (100 mL) was added, and the mixture filtered into a separatory ~unnel. Sequential washing with aqueous HCl (50 mL; 0.1N), distilled H20 (3 x 50 mL), drying over Na2SO4, filtration, and concentration under reduced pressure yielded the crude product. Flash chromatography over silica gel (light petroleum-ethyl acetate gradient) afforded the purified compound.
CA 02218816 1997-ll-10 O O
N~ 3 1. Zn/Cu couple; ~ .sol.lld Boc~ ~ ~OCH3 CH3 2. lo-CH3C6H~)3Pl~PdCIz ~ ~' CH3 2-iodobenzonitrile Ir ~r ~CN
solution of tert-butyloxycarbonyl-iodo-alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (2.68 g, 7.5 mmol) (J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 3397-3404) in dry benzene (30 mL), and dry N,N-dimethylacetamide (2.0 mL) was added to a dry nitrogen-purged round bottom flask charged with zinc-copper couple (0.90 g).
The resulting mixture was sonicated under nitrogen until no starting material remained (as judged by TLC). Bis(tri-o-tolylphosphine)palladium dichloride (0.35 g, 0.40 mmol) was added followed by 2-iodobenzonitrile (1.72 g, 7.5 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere with heating, allowed to cool, ethyl acetate (100 mL) was added, and the mixture filtered into a separatory funnel. Sequential washing with aqueous HCl (50 mL; 0.1N), distilled H20 (3 x 50 mL), drying over Na2SO4, filtration, and concentration under reduced pressure yielded the crude product. Flash chromatography over silica gel (light petroleum-ethyl acetate gradient) afforded the purified compound.
N'~l~ ~OCH3 1. NH20H, DlEA/EtOH N~ ~OCH3 NC~¢~ CH3 2 11~, I'd/C/EtOE~:llOAc CH, NH
CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo W096l37~97 PCTtCA96/00318 To a solution of tert-butyloxycarbonyl-para-cyano-phenylalanine-N,O-dimethylamide ~1.33 g, 4.0 mmol) in dry ethanol (20 mL) was added hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.416 g, 6.0 mmol), and diisopropylethylamine (1.02 mL, 6.0 mmol).
The mixture was refluxed and then cooled. The precipitate was filtered, washed with cold ethanol, diisopropylether, dried with MgSO4, concentrated under reduced pressure, and used directly in the next step. The semi-solid was suspended in a mixture of acetic acid (20 mL), and dry ethanol (40 mL) with 0 warming. Subsequently, Pd/C catalyst (0.30 g, 10~ Pd) was added, and hydrogen was bubbled through the mixture with warming. The hydrogenation was continued until no starting material could be detected as judged by TLC. The catalyst was removed by filtration, the solution was concentrated under reduced pressure (50 mL), HCl (50 mL, 1 N) was added, and the mixture was concentrated once again to 50 mL. The solution was chilled overnight yielding the title compound.
O O
~N~ ~OCH3 1. NH2OH,DIE~EtOH Boc~ ~ ~OCH3 CH3 2. H2 I d/C/EtOH:HOAc S~ CH3 NC
To a solution of tert-butyloxycarbonyl-meta-cyano-phenylalanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.33 g, 4.0 mmol) in dry ethanol (20 mL) was added hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.416 g, 6.0 mmol), and diisopropylethylamine (1.02 mL, 6.0 mmol).
The mixture was refluxed and then cooled. The precipitate was CA 02218816 1997-ll-lo ~iltered, washed with cold ethanol, diisopropylether, drle~
with MgSO4, concentrated under reduced pressure, and used directly in the next step. The semi-solid was suspended in a mixture of acetic acid (20 mL), and dry ethanol (40 mL) with warming. Subsequently, Pd/C catalyst (0.30 g, 10~ Pd) was added, and hydrogen was bubbled through the mixture with warming. The hydrogenation was continued until no starting material could be detected as judged by TLC. The catalyst was removed by filtration, the solution was concentrated under o reduced pressure (50 mL), HCl (50 mL, 1 N) was added, and the mixture was concentrated once again to 50 mL. The solution was chilled overnight yielding the title compound.
o o H ,1~ ~OCH3 I NHzOH~ DlEA/EtOH Boc~ ~ ~OCH3 ¢~CN 2. H2, Pd/C/EtOH:HOAc NH2 To a solution of tert-butyloxycarbonyl-ortho-cyano-phenylalanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.33 g, 4.0 mmol) in dry ethanol (20 mL) was added hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.~16 g, 6.0 mmol), and diisopropylethylamine (1.02 mL, 6.0 mmol).
The mixture was re~luxed and then cooled. The precipitate was filtered, washed with cold ethanol, diisopropylether, dried with MgSO4, concentrated under reduced pressure, and used directly in the next step. The semi-solid was suspended in a mixture of acetic acid (20 mL), and dry ethanol (40 mL) with warming. Subsequently, Pd/C catalyst (0.30 g, 10~ Pd) was added, and hydrogen was bubbled through the mixture with CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo warming. The hydrogenation was continued until no starting material could be detected as judged by TLC. The catalyst was removed by filtration, the solution was concentrated under reduced pressure (50 mL), HCl (50 mL, 1 N) was added, and the mixture was concentrated once again to 50 mL. The solution was chilled overnight yielding the title compound.
CH ~ Lith iu m th iA~ole/THF 130c~ ~J~N,~
H2N ~J~ H2N~/
NH NH
To a solution of thiazole (1.28 g, 15.0 mmol) in anhydrous THF
(30 mL) was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 8.9 mL, 13.9 mmol) dropwise at -78~ C, and the solution stirred. tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-para-amidino-phenylalanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.15 g, 3.3 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was then added dropwise, and the resulting mixture stirred. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride ~2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified on silica gel (ethyl acetate/hexane), and concentrated under reduced pressure.
CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo Bcc ~ IN Llthiumthiazole~HF Boc~
~ , CH, ~ N
HN NH2 HN~NH2 To a solution of thiazole (1.28 g, 15.0 mmol) in anhydrous THF
(30 mL) was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 8.9 mL, 13.9 mmol) dropwise at -78~ C, and the solution stirred. tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-meta-amidino-phenylalanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.15 g, 3.3 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was then added dropwise and the resulting mixture stirred. The reaction was quenched with saturated a~ueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with 0 saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified on silica gel (ethyl acetate/hexane), and concentrated under reduced pressure.
O O
~OCH3 Lithium thiazole/THF ~ Boc~ ~_~
¢~NH3 ¢~NH~
To a solution of thiazole (1.28 g, 15.0 mmol) in anhydrous THF
=
CA 02218816 19s7-ll-lo (30 mL) was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 8 9 mL, 13.9 mmol dropwise at -78~ C, and the solution stirred. tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-ortho-amidino-phenylalanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.15 g, 3.3 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was then added dropwise, and the resulting mixture stirred. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL) and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified on silica gel (ethyl acetate/hexane), and concentrated under reduced pressure.
Boc ~OCH3 1. H2, RaNi/EtOH:NH3 H~y~ H3 ~ CH3 ~e OCH3 tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-para-cyano-phenylalanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.33 g, 4.0 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol saturated with ammonia (30 mL), and sponge Raney Ni (100 mg) added. The solution was shaken under H2 at room temperature (40 psi). The solution was ~iltered through celite, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a clear residue.
The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (250 mL), and washed with 1 N NaOH (2 x 50 mL), and brine (2 x 50 mL). The solution was dried with MgSO4, ~iltered, and concentrated under reduced pressure.
CA 02218816 1997-11-lo W096137497 PCT/CA96/00~18 O O
Boc~ ~ ~OCH3 1. H2,RaN~EtOH:NH3 H~ I ~CH3 ~- CH3 ~ OCH3 tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-meta-cyano-phenylalanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.33 g, 4.0 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol saturated with ammonia (30 mL), and sponge Raney Ni (100 mg) added. The solution was shaken under H2 at room temperature (40 psi). The solution was ~iltered through celite, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a clear residue.
The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (250 mL), and washed with 1 N NaOH (2 x 50 mL), and brine (2 x 50 mL). The solution was dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure.
O o Boc~N~J~ ~OCH3 1. H2 RaNi/EtOH:NH3 H J~ IN~cH3 ~-- CH ~ OCH3 tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-ortho-cyano-phenylalanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.33 g, 4.0 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol saturated with ammonia (30 mL), and sponge Raney Ni (100 mg) added. The solution was shaken under H2 at room temperature (40 psi). The solution was filtered through celite, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a clear residue.
CA 02218816 1997-11-lo The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (250 mL), and washed with 1 N NaOH (2 x 50 mL), and brine (2 x 50 mL). The solution was dried with MgSO4, ~iltered, and concentrated under reduced pressure.
¦ H3CSJ~NHZ Boc ~ IN
OCH3 HgCI2/THF ~Ei OCH3 H2N~J~ ~
NZ
tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-para-aminomethyl-phenylalanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.00 g, 3.1 mmol) was dissolved in dry THF (10 mL) under nitrogen with stirring. The solution was cooled, N,N'-bis-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-S-methyl-isothiourea (1.14 g, 3.2 mmol), and HgCl2 (0.95 g, 3.5 mmol) added. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, the re~ining residue was suspended in ethyl acetate (200 mL), and filtered through celite. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure.
Flash chromatography over silica gel (hexane/ethyl acetate gradient) afforded the purified compound.
CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo W096/37497 PCTlCA96/00318 ~N~J~ ~Ch, H~CSJ~NHZ Eioc~ ~N~CH, ç~ OCH3 HgCI2/THF 13~ OCH3 ZHN~NZ
tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-meta-aminomethyl-phenylalanine-N,0-dimethylamide (1.00 g, 3.1 mmol) was dissolved in dry THF (10 mL) under nitrogen with stirring. The solution was cooled, N,N'-bis-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-S-methyl-isothiourea (1.14 g, 3.2 mmol), and HgCl2 (0.95 g, 3.5 mmol) added. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, the r~m~;n'ng residue was suspended in ethyl acetate (200 mL), and filtered through celite. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure.
o Flash chromatography over silica gel (hexane/ethyl acetate gradient) afforded the purified compound.
H3CSJ~NHZ ~ l OCH3 HgCI2/THF ~= OCH3 I.~NH2 ~NH~NHZ
ZN
tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-ortho-aminomethyl-phenylalanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.00 g, 3.1 mmol) was dissolved in dry THF (10 CA 022188l6 lss7-ll-lo mL) under nitrogen with stirring. The solution was cooled, N,N'-bis-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-S-methyl-isothiourea (1.14 g, 3.2 mmol), and HgCl2 (0.95 g, 3.5 mmol) added. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, the re~A;n;ng residue was suspended in ethyl acetate (200 mL), and ~iltered through celite. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure.
Flash chromatography over silica gel (hexane/ethyl acetate gradient) afforded the purified compound.
~ 1. I,ilhi~mthiazol~/TllF ~~
HN~NHZ NZ
NZ
lo To a solution o~ thiazole (1.28 g, 15.0 mmol) in anhydrous THF
(30 mL) was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 8.9 mL, 13.9 mmol) dropwise at -78~ C, and the solution stirred. The protected amino acid (1.36 g, 3.3 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was then added dropwise, and the resulting mixture stirred. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO4, ~iltered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified on silica gel (ethyl acetate/hexane), and concentrated under reduced pressure.
CA 022188l6 lss7-ll-lo o o ~CH, 1. Lithiumthi~/olerrElF
NH HN
ZN~NHZ ZHN~NZ
To a solution of thiazole (1.28 g, 15.0 mmol) in anhydrous THF
(30 mL) was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 8.9 mL, 13.9 mmol) dropwise at -78~ C, and the solution stirred. The protected amino acid (1.36 g, 3.3 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was then added dropwise, and the resulting mixture stirred. The reacti~n was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO~, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified on silica gel (ethyl acetate/hexane), and concentrated under reduced pressure.
o o Boc ~ Nl 1. Lithium thiazole/THF ~N~
OCH ~N~l~NHZ
ZN ZN
CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo W096t37497 PCT/CA96/00318 To a solution o~ thiazole (1.28 g, 15.0 mmol) in anhydrous THF
(30 mL) was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 8.9 mL, 13.9 mmol) dropwise at -78~ C, and the solution stirred. The protected amino acid (1.36 g, 3.3 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was then added dropwise, and the resulting mixture stirred. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with magnesium sul~ate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified on silica gel (ethyl acetate/hexane), and concentrated under reduced pressure.
o o ~N~D~ ~OCH3 1. Zn/Cu couple; ull. s~ ~ ~NJ~ ~OCH3 2. Io-CH3C6H4)3PI2PdCI2 ~ ~ CH3 2-amino-5-~ b -T
H2N~N
A solution of tert-butyloxycarbonyl-iodo-alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (2.68 g, 7.5 mmol) (J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 3397-3404) in dry benzene (30 mL), and dry N,N-dimethylacetamide (2.0 mL) was added to a dry nitrogen-purged round bottom flask charged with zinc-copper couple (0.90 g).
The resulting mixture was sonicated under nitrogen until no starting material remained (as judged by TLC).. Bis(tri-o-tolylphosphine)palladium dichloride (0.35 g, 0.40 mmol) was added followed by 2-iodobenzonitrile (1.72 g, 7.5 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere with heating, allowed to cool, ethyl acetate (100 mL) was added, and the mixture filtered into a separatory funnel. Sequentlal CA 022188l6 lss7-ll-lo washing with aqueous HCl (50 mL; O.lN), distilled H2O (3 X 50 mL), drying over Na2SO4, filtration, and concentration under reduced pressure yielded the crude product. Flash chromatography over silica gel (light petroleum/ethyl acetate gradient) afforded the purified compound.
o o NJI~ ~OCH3 1. Lithium thiazole/THF Boc~ ~N
H2N ~ H2NJ~
To a solution of thiazole (1.28 g, 15 . O mmol) in anhydrous THF
(30 mL) was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 8.9 mL, 13.9 mmol) dropwise at -78~ C, and the solution stirred. The amino acid-lo N,O-dimethylamide (1.07 g, 3.3 mmol) in anhydrous THF (15 mL) was then added dropwise and the resulting mixture stirred.
The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified on silica gel (ethyl acetate/hexane), and concentrated under reduced pressure.
B ~N~l~ ~OCH3 1. ZnlCu couple; ulll s~ ~ NH~J~ ~OCH3 CH3 2. Io-cH3c6H4)3pl2pdcl2 ~ CH3 2-cyano-~
NC~N~
CA 02218816 1997-11-lo A solution o~ tert-butyloxycarbonyl-iodo-alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (2.68 g, 7.5 mmol) (J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 3397-3404) in dry benzene (30 mL), and dry N,N-dimethylacetamide (2.0 mL) was added to a dry nitrogen-purged round bottom flask charged with zinc-copper couple (0.90 g).
The resulting mixture was sonicated under nitrogen until no starting material remained (as judged by TLC). Bis(tri-o-tolylphosphine)palladium dichloride (0.35 g, 0.40 mmol) was added followed by 2-iodobenzonitrile (1.72 g, 7.5 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere with heating, allowed to cool, ethyl acetate (100 mL) was added, and the mixture filtered into a separatory ~unnel. Sequential washing with aqueous HCl (50 mL; 0.1N), distilled H2O (3 x 50 mL), drying over Na2SO4, filtration, and concentration under reduced pressure yielded the crude product. Flash chromatography over silica gel (light petroleum/ethyl acetate gradient) afforded the purified compound.
o o ~N~JI~ ~OCH3 1. I~H20H, DlEAJEtOH Boc~ ~ ~OCH3 NC~-- CH, 2.El~,l'd/C/E:tOll:llOAc b~ CH, NH
To a solution of tert-butyloxycarbonyl-(4-cyano)3-pyridylalanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.34 g, 4.0 mmol) in dry ethanol (20 mL) was added N,O-hydroxlyamine hydrochloride (0.416 g, 6.0 mmol), and diisopropylethylamine (1.02 mL, 6.0 mmol). The mixture was refluxed and then cooled. The precipitate was ~iltered, washed with cold ethanol, CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo diisopropylether, dried with MgSO4, concentrated under reduced pressure, and used directly in the next step. The semi-solid was suspended in a mixture of acetic acid (20 mL), and dry ethanol (40 mL) with warming. Subsequently, Pd/C catalyst (0.30 g, 10~ Pd) was added, and hydrogen was bubbled through the mixture with warming. The hydrogenation was continued until no starting material could be detected as judged by TLC.
The catalyst was removed by filtration, and the solution was concentrated under reduced pressure (50 mL), HCl (50 mL, 1 N) was added, and the mixture was concentrated once again to 50 mL. The solution was chilled overnight yielding the title compound.
o o ~N~ IN~OcH3 1. Lithium thiazole/THF Boc~ ~r4 ~¢~ H2N ~,~ N
NH NH
To a solution of thiazole (1.28 g, 15.0 mmol) in anhydrous THF
(30 mL) was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 8.9 mL, 13.9 mmol) dropwise at -78~ C, and the solution stirred. The amino acid-N,O-dimethylamide (1.16 g, 3.3 mmol) in anhydrous THF (15 mL) was then added dropwise, and the resulting mixture stirred.
The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous - ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified on silica gel ethyl acetate/hexane), and CA 022188l6 lss7-ll-lo concentrated under reduced pressure.
HN~J~N~ 3 1. H2, PtO2/ACOH N~ ~CH3 N~ OCH3 HN~= 1CH3 tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-(4-pyridyl)alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (4.50 g, 14.4 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid (100 mL), and PtO2 (100 mg) added. The solution was shaken under H2 until gas uptake ceased. The solution was filtered through celite, and concentrated under reduced pressure yielding tert-butyloxycarbonyl-3-(4-piperidyl)alanine-N,O-dimethylamide.
0 The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (250 mh), washed with 1 N NaOH (2 x 50 mL), brine (2 x 50 mL), dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the title compound.
o o Boc~ ~ ~CH3 1. H2, PtO~/AcOH HN~JI~ ~CH3 OCH3 Q~ OCH3 tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-(3-pyridyl)alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (4.50 g, 14.4 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid (100 mL), and PtO2 (100 mg) added. The solution was shaken under H2 until gas uptake ceased. The solution was filtered through celite, CA 02218816 1997-11-lo and concentrated under reduced pressure yielding tert-butyloxycarbonyl-3-(3-piperidyl)alanine-N,O-dimethylamide.
The resiclue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (250 mL), washed with 1 N NaOH (2 x 50 mL), brine (2 x 50 mL), dried with MgSO4, ~iltered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the title compound.
o o Boc , ~CH3 1. H2, PtO2/AcOH Boc~ J~ ~CH3 OCH3 Cl~-- OCH3 N NH
tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-(2-pyridyl)alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (4.50 g, 14.4 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid (100 mL), and PtO2 (100 mg) added. The solution was shaken under H2 until gas uptake ceased. The solution was ~iltered through celite, and concentrated under reduced pressure yielding tert-butyloxycarbonyl-3-(2-piperidyl)alanine-N,O-dimethylamide.
The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (250 mL), washed with 1 N NaOH (2 x 50 mL), brine (2 x 50 mL), dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the title conpound.
CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo H3CSJ~NHZ ~N~J~N~ H3 OCH3HgCI2rrHF ~ 1CH3 HN~I ZHN~N
NZ
tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-(4-piperidyl)alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.00 g, 3.2 mmol) was dissolved in dry THF (10 mL) under nitrogen with stirring. The solution was cooled, N,N'-bis-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-S-methyl-isothiourea (1.14 g, 3.2 mmol), and HgCl2 (0.95 g, 3.5 mmol) added. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, the remaining residue was suspended in ethyl acetate (200 mL), and filtered through celite. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure.
lo Flash chromatography over silica gel (hexane/ethyl acetate gradient) afforded the title compound.
~JI~N~ 3 H3CSJ~NHZ ~N~J~N~ 3 OCH3 HgCI2rrHF ~ 1CH3 ZN~NHZ
tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-(3-piperidyl)alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.00 g, 3.2 mmol) was dissolved in dry THF (10 mL) under nitrogen with stirring. The solution was cooled, N,N'-bis-CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo (benzyloxycarbonyl)-S-methyl-isothiourea (1.14 g, 3.2 mmol), and HgCl2 (0.95 g, 3.5 mmol) added. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, the r~m~n~ng residue was suspended in ethyl acetate (200 mL), and filtered through celite. The ~iltrate was concentrated under reduced pressure.
Flash chromatography over silica gel (hexane/ethyl acetate gradient) afforded the title compound.
N~ 3 H3CSJ~NHZ N~J~N~ 3 Cl' OCH3 HgCI2/THF ~-- OCH3 NH ~N~NHZ
lo tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-(2-piperidyl)alanine-N,0-dimethylamide (l.oo g, 3.2 mmol) was dissolved in dry THF (10 mL) under nitrogen with stirring. The solution was cooled, N,N'-bis-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-S-methyl-isothiourea (1.14 g, 3.2 mmol), and HgCl2 (0.95 g, 3.5 mmol) added. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, the rem~;n'ng residue was suspended in ethyl acetate (200 mL), and filtered through celite. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure.
Flash chromatography over silica gel (hexane/ethyl acetate gradient) af~orded the title compound.
, ~y 1. Lithium thiazole/THF N~
1--~ OCH3 ~ N
ZHN~N~J ZHN~N~J
NZ NZ
To a solution of thiazole in anhydrous THF (1.23 g, 14.4 mmol) was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 8.4 mL, 13.4 mmol) dropwise at -78~ C and the solution stirred. The guanidylated 4-piperidylalanine derivative (2.00 g, 3.2 mmol) in anhydrous THF (15 mL) was added dropwise, and the resulting mixture stirred. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure.
~y 1. Lith;um thi:l~ole/TB F Boc~ ~N
~ ~=
~N ~N
ZN~NHZ ZN~NHZ
To a solution of thiazole in anhydrous THF (1.23 g, 14.4 mmol) was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 8.4 mL, 13.4 mmol) dropwise at -78~ C with stirring. The mixture was stirred at -78~ C for 1 h. The guanidylated 3-piperidylalanine derivative (2.00 g, CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo wos6/374s7 PCT/CA96/00318 3.2 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added dropwise, and the resulting mixture stirred. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO4, ~iltered, and concentrated under reduced pressure.
o o 1. Lithium thiazole/TH~ Boc~ ~4 C~' OCH3 Cl' N
N~NHZ N~NHZ
ZN ZN
To a solution of thiazole in anhydrous THF (1.23 g, 14.4 mmol) lo was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 8.4 mL, 13.4 mmol) dropwise at -78~ C with stirring. The mixture was stirred at -78~ C for 1 h. The guanidylated 2-piperidylalanine derivative (2.00 g, 3.2 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added dropwise, and the resulting mixture stirred. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO4, ~iltered, and concentrated under reduced pressure.
CA 022188l6 lss7-ll-lo o o HN~JI~IN~CH3 1. H2,PtO2/AcOH~N~JI~Nl~cH3 o2NJ3'"= OCH3 H2NJ~ OCH3 tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-para-nitro-phenylalanine-N,O-dimethylamide (13.88 g, 39.3 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid (100 mL), and PtO2 (100 mg) added. The solution was shaken under H2 until gas uptake ceased. The solution was filtered through celite, concentrated under reduced pressure, taken up in H2O (150 mL), and lyophilized. The semi-solid was dissolved in ethyl acetate (350 mL), washed with 1 N NaOH (3 x 50 mL), and brine (3 x 50 mL). The solution was dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure yielding the title compound.
Boc~ ~ ~CH3 1. H2, PtO2/AcOH ~ l -- OCH~ ~ OCH, tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-meta-nitro-phenylalanine-N,O-dimethylamide (13.88 g, 39.3 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid (100 mL), and PtO2 (100 mg) added. The solution was shaken under H2 until gas uptake ceased. The solution was ~iltered through celite, concentrated under reduced pressure, taken up in H2O (150 mL), and lyophilized. The semi-solid was dissolved in ethyl acetate (350 mL), washed with 1 N NaOH (3 x 50 mL), and brine (3 x 50 mL). The solution was dried with MgSO~, ~iltered, and concentrated under reduced pressure yielding the title compound.
~CH3 1. H~, PtO2/AcOH ~N~Il~N~ 3 ~NO2 ~ H2 OCH3 tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-ortho-nitro-phenylalanine-N,O-dimethylamide (13.88 g, 39.3 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid (100 mL), and PtO2 (100 mg) added. The solution was o shaken under H2 until gas uptake ceased. The solution was ~iltered through celite, concentrated under reduced pressure, taken up in H2O (150 mL), and lyophilized. The semi-solid was dissolved in ethyl acetate (350 mL), washed with 1 N NaOH (3 x 50 mL), and brine (3 x 50 mL). The solution was dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure yielding the title compound.
o . o HN V~ IN~CH3 l.Z-CI, NaHCO,l/THF:H20 Boc~ ~N
H2N~ OCH3 2. Lithium thia~olerrHF NHZ~
1. tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-( cis/ trans-4-aminocyclohexyl)alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.00 g, 3.0 mmol) 20 was dissolved in saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, and THF
CA 02218816 1997-ll-lo [60 mL, (1:1)] with stirring. The solution was cooled and a solution o~ benzyl chloro~ormate (0.43 mL, 3.0 mmol) in THF
(10 mL) was added dropwise. Excess solid sodium bicarbonate was added, the THF was removed under reduced pressure, and the remaining aqueous phase was poured into ethyl acetate (250 mL), and mixed thoroughly. The aqueous phase was discarded and the rem~in~ng solution was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2 x 50 mL), 4 N aqueous sodium bisulfate (2 x 50 mL), and brine (2 x 50 mL). The solution was dried o with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure.
The semi-solid was chromatographed on silica gel (ethyl acetate/ hexane).
2. To a solution of thia~ole (1.16 g, 13.7 mmol) in anhydrous THF was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 8.0 mL, 12.8 mmol) dropwise at -78~ C and the solution stirred. The above protected amino acid amide (1.41 g, 3.0 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added dropwise, and the resulting mixture stirred. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified on silica gel (ethyl acetate/hexane), and concentrated under reduced pressure.
CA 02218816 1997-ll-10 Boc ~ I I. ~cl, N-HCo~ o N~,_ Q~ OCH~ Z.Lithiumthia~ole/lliF Q~ N
1 . tert - Butyloxycarbonyl- 3 - ( ci s/ trans - 3 -aminocyclohexyl)alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.00 g, 3.0 mmol) was dissolved in saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, and THF
[60 mL, (1:1)] with stirring. The solution was cooled and a solution of benzyl chloroformate (0.43 mL, 3.0 mmol) in THF
(10 mL) was added dropwise. Excess solid sodium bicarbonate was added, the THF was removed under reduced pressure, and the remaining aqueous phase was poured into ethyl acetate (250 lo mL), and mixed thoroughly. The aqueous phase was discarded and the r~m~ining solution was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2 x 50 mL), 4 N aqueous sodium bisul~ate (2 x 50 mL), and brine (2 x 50 mL). The solution was dried with MgSO~, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure.
The semi-solid was chromatographed on silica gel (ethyl acetate/ hexane).
2. To a solution of thiazole (1.16 g, 13.7 mmol) in anhydrous THF was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 8.0 mL, 12.8 mmol) dropwise at -78~ C and the solution stirred. The above protected amino acid amide (1.41 g, 3.0 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added dropwise, and the resulting mixture stirred. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous CA 022l88l6 lgg7-ll-lo ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was puri~ied on silica gel (ethyl acetate/hexane), and concentrated under reduced pressure.
I. Z-Cl, NallCO3TNF~ O 130c~ ~N
OCH3 2. Lithium thiazole/THF
~NH2 ~NHZ
1. tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-( cis/ trans-2-aminocyclohexyl)alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.00 g, 3.0 mmol) was dissolved in saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, and THF
0 [60 mL, (1:1)] with stirring. The solution was cooled and a solution of benzyl chloroformate (0.43 mL, 3.0 mmol) in THF
(10 mL) was added dropwise. Excess solid sodium bicarbonate was added, the THF was removed under reduced pressure, and the remaining aqueous phase was poured into ethyl acetate (250 mL), and mixed thoroughly. The aqueous phase was discarded and the r~m~; n; ng solution was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2 x 50 mL), 4 N aqueous sodium bisulfate (2 x 50 mL), and brine (2 x 50 mL). The solution was dried with MgSO~, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure.
The semi-solid was chromatographed on silica gel (ethyl acetate/ hexane).
2. To a solution of thiazole (1.16 g, 13.7 mmol) in anhydrous THF was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 8.0 mL, 12.8 mmol) dropwise at -78~ C and the solution stirred. The above protected amino acid amide (1.41 g, 3.0 mmol) in THF (15 mL) CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo was added dropwise, and the resulting mixture stirred. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO4, ~iltered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified on silica gel (ethyl acetate/hexane), and concentrated under reduced pressure.
1. H3CSJ~NHZ ~N ~>
OCH3 HgCk/THF ZN ~ N
J 2. Lithium thiazole/THF J~ ~,L J
H2N~ ZHN H
1. tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-( cis/trans-4-aminocyclohexyl)alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (2.0 g, 6.1 mmol) was dissolved in dry THF (20 mL) under nitrogen with stirring.
The solution was cooled to 0~ C, N,N'-bis-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-S-methyl-isothiourea (2.18 g, 6.1 mmol), and HgCl2 (1.81 g, 6.7 mmol) adcled. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, the rem~;n;ng residue was suspended in ethyl acetate (300 mL), and filtered through celite. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. Flash chromatography over silica gel (hexane/ethyl acetate gradient) afforded the purified product.
.
2. To a solution of thiazole (2.32 g, 27.3 mmol) in anhydrous THF was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 15.9 mL, 25.4 mmol) dropwise at -78~ C and the solution stirred. The above -CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo guanidylated amino acid (3.88 g, 6.1 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added dropwise, and the resulting mixture stirred. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified on silica gel (ethyl acetate/hexane), and concentrated under reduced pressure.
BOC .~N 1. H3CSJ~NHZ ~N~ ,,S
1CH3 HgCI2rrHF _ N_~
2. Lithium thiazole/THF Q~
H2 ~NZ
ZHN
1. tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-( cis/ trans-3-aminocyclohexyl)alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (2.0 g, 6.1 mmol) was dissolved in dry THF (20 mL) under nitrogen with stirring.
The solution was cooled to 0~ C, N,N'-bis-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-S-methyl-isothiourea (2.18 g, 6.1 mmol), and HgCl2 (1.81 g, 6.7 mmol) added. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, the rem~;n;ng residue was suspended in ethyl acetate (300 mL), and filtered through celite. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. Flash chromatography over silica gel (hexane/ethyl acetate gradient) afforded the purified product.
CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo 2. To a solution of thiazole (2.32 g, 27.3 mmol) in anhydrous THF was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 15.9 mL, 25.4 mmol) dropwise at -78~ C and the solution stirred. The above guanidylated amino acid (3.88 g, 6.1 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added dropwise, and the resulting mixture stirred. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous lo ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO~, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified on silica gel (ethyl acetate/hexane), and concentrated under reduced pressure.
1. H~C5 NHZ ~N"~ ' N~C~
OCH3 HgCI2/THF ~
U ~N~2 2. Lithium thiazole/THF [~ NH
ZN~NHZ
1. tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-( cis/ trans-2-aminocyclohexyl)alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (2.0 g, 6.1 mmol) was dissolved in dry THF (20 mL) under nitrogen with stirring.
The solution was cooled to 0~ C, N,N'-bis-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-S-methyl-isothiourea (2.18 g, 6.1 mmol), and HgCl2 (1.81 g, 6.7 mmol) added. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, the remaining residue was suspended in ethyl acetate (300 mL), and ~iltered through celite. The ~iltrate was CA 02218816 1997-11-lo concentrated under reduced pressure. Flash chromatography over silica gel (hexane/ethyl acetate gradient) afforded the puri~ied product.
2. To a solution of thiazole (2.32 g, 27.3 mmol) in anhydrous THF was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 15.9 mL, 25.4 mmol) dropwise at -78 C and the solution stirred. The above guanidylated amino acid (3.88 g, 6.1 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added dropwise, and the resulting mixture stirred. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified on silica gel (ethyl acetate/hexane), and concentrated under reduced pressure.
EXAMPLE 2 SYNTHESIS OF COMPOUND # 6 ;l ~ S
h~ N ~> ~
/~ NH
9~NH2 9~NH2 ~NH
HN
,,N~JI~ T . ~T
H ~ ~N~NH2 HN
T H~J~ H~Jl~
~0 H,!N~ ~H
O O
,.N~JI~ N~JI~T "N~J~T
~N~NH
O O
.~' ~J~T N~JI~T
HN~
H2N ~NH
O O
T ~ N ~I~
~NH2 NH ~NH2 NH NH
0 wherein n=l-6, nl=l-2, n2=0-7 and T is as previously defined.
In a preferred embodiment, T is a peptide of l to 4 amino acid residues in length and preferably fibrinogen's A or B chain or fragment or derivative thereof. In another preferred CA 02218816 1997-ll-lo W096t37497 PCTICA96/00318 embodiment, T is a heterocycle selected from the group consisting of:
X6 ~ X5 ~ ~R' ''I~ ~ '<X,3 ~X,~
wherein X5, X10, Xl1 and X12 are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, or C-X7 where X7 iS hydrogen, C14 alkyl, or C616 aryl;
X6 and X13 are each independently selected from the group o consisting of C, O, N, S, N-X7, or CH-X7;
R' is hydrogen, C116 alkyl optionally carboxyl substituted, carboxyl, -C0l6 alkyl-CO2-Cll6 alkyl, C620 aralkyl, C37 cycloalkyl, aryl or an aromatic heterocycle.
Preferably T is selected from the group consisting of:
CA 02218816 1997-11-lo ~ f ~ ~ ~N~ ~N, , ,~
;~1 N~ 3 N ~ N R
~N~ R ~ R' R'~
- _ _~ \ _ _<N ? ~ s~
wherein R' is as defined above.
More preferably T is selected from the group consisting of:
- ~ ~N~ , ~ R' j~
wherein R~ is as de~ined above.
More preferably T is selected from the group consisting of:
' ' 1/ ~ ~ ~ ' ;~ ' ~ N ~ ~ I J
lo wherein R' is as defined above.
Most pre~erably T is S \~ or R~ ~
wherein R' is H or Cl4 alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl and most preferably wherein R' is hydrogen,. In another embodiment, T is a l,2 thiazole optionally substituted with R~
and/or is attached to J at the 2, 3, 4 or 5 position of the ring.
A more preferred embodiment of the present invention is illustrated by compounds having Formulae II, III, IV, and v wherein R3, R~, R6, R7 and R8 are as defined in each of the above embodiments.
R ~o II
, N ~ N ~ R, o R6 III
R, IV
R4~X~
, N ~ N ~8 ~
V
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the compounds of formulae (I) to (V), depending of the substituents, may contain one or more chiral centers and thus exist in the form of many different isomers, optical isomers (i.e. enantiomers) and mixtures thereof including racemic mixtures. All such isomers, enantiomers and mixtures thereof including racemic mixtures are included within the scope of o the invention.
Preferred compounds of the invention include:
6 (3S)-6-benzyl-5-oxo- ~ s hexahydro-imidazo[5,1- \-~ ~ . N~,N~NH !' N~
b]thiazole-3-carboxylic o .
acid [1-(benzothiaozle-2-HN
carbonyl)-4-guanidino-H2N ~NH
butyl]-amide 7 (S)-6-benzyl-5-oxo- ~1 ~ O
hexahydro-thiazolo(3,2- ,~~,N~N~NH N~ -c)pyrlmldlne-3-carboxylic 0 J
acid (4-guanidino-1-(benzothiazole-2- ~
carbonyl)-butyl)-amide H2N NH
CA 02218816 1997-11-lo 6-(para-tBu-phenylmethyl)-5-oxo-hexahydro- ~ , ~ r-~ >
imidazo[5,1-b]thiazole-3-~-~' ,N~,N~NH~
carboxylic acid [1-(benzothiaozle-2- lN
carbonyl)-4-guanidino- H2N NH
butyl]-amide 9 6-(3-phenyl-prop-2-enyl)- -"~ ! s 5-oxo-hexahydro- \~ N ~, N ~ ) N
imidazo[5,1-b]thiazole-3- ~ ' <s carboxylic acid [1-H l~i (benzothiaozle-2-H
carbonyl)-4-guanidino-butyl]-amide lQ 6-(cyclohexylmethyl)-5- ~ s oxo-hexahydro-imidazo[5,1- ~ N~ .N~NH ~ ~1 N~
b]thiazole-3-carboxylic~ O j ~ ~ i acid [1-(benzothiaozle-2-carbonyl)-4-guanidino- H~
butyl]-amide ~2N N~
11 6-(2-trifluoromethyl ~ ~-~ ~ 5 quinolin-7-yl)-5-oxo- F3C N J ~ ~ NH ~ N
hexahydro-thiazolo(3,2- ~ s c)pyrimidine-3-carboxylic HN' acid (4-guanidino-1- HIN NH
(thiazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl)-amide CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo 12a (3S,9S)-6-phenylpropyl-5- ~ ~~~ s oxo-hexahydro- ~3 ~ NH ~0 N
thiazolo(3,2-c)pyrimidine- O ~/ 3 3-carboxylic acid (4-guanidino-1-(thiazole-2- HN
carbonyl)-butyl)-amide H2N~NH
12b (3S,9S)-6-phenylpropyl-5- ~ j~~J.s>
oxo-hexahydro- ~~ ) N~ ,N--~_NH N-thiazolo(3,2-c)pyrimidine- O O ~ <
3-carboxylic acid (4-guanidino-1-(thiazole-2- HN
carbonyl)-~utyl)-amide .!;
12c (3S,9R)-6-phenylpropyl-5- ~, ~ s oxo-hexahydro- ~ l ,N~ ,N_ ~ _NH N
thiazolo(3,2-c)pyrimidine- o O ~/ <~
3-carboxylic acid (4-guanidino-1-(thiazole-2- HN
carbonyl)-butyl)-amide H2N~NH
12d (3S, 9R) -6-phenylpropyl-5- ~ s oxo--hexahydro- ~3 ~i ~ NH i N
thiazolo(3,2-c)pyrimidine- o 3-carboxylic acid (4-guanidino-l-(thiazole-2- HN
carbonyl)-butyl)-amide H2N~NH
13a (3S,9S)-6-benzyl-5-oxo- ~ ~ H
hexahydro-thiazolo(3,2- ~ J ~N~r~N--~NH 1~, N
c)pyrimidine-3-carboxylico ~ ~ -~/ 3 acid (4-guanidino-1-(thiazole-2-carbonyl)- HN
butyl)-amide (~ast moving H2N~NH
isomer on HPLC) CA 022188l6 lss7-ll-lo 13b (3S,9S)-6-benzyl-5-oxo- ~ H
hexahydro-thiazolo(3,2- ~ ~,1\ N~ N ~ NH il N _ c)pyrimidine-3-carboxylic o O ''~~ </ 1¦
acid (4-guanidino-1-(thiazole-2-carbonyl)- HN
butyl)-amide (slow moving H2N iNH
isomer on HPLC ) 13c (3S,9R)-6-benzyl-5-oxo- ~ H s~
hexahydro-thiazolo(3,2- ~ N~ N~NH N' c)pyrimidine-3-carboxylic 0 '~
acid (4-guanidino-1-(thiazole-2-carbonyl)- HN
butyl)-amide (fast moving H2N 'NH
isomer on HPLC) 1~ (3S,9R)-6-benzyl-5-oxo- H
hexahydro-thiazolo(3,2- -~ .. N, N~ O
c)pyrimidine-3-carboxylic '' ~NH~ ~,' N
acid (4-guanidino-1-(thiazole-2-carbonyl)- HN
butyl)-amide (slow moving H2N~NH
isomer on HPLC ) Compounds of the present invention are further characterized by their ability to inhibit the catalytic activity of thrombin, which can be demonstrated in the assay as follows.
Compounds of the present invention may be prepared for assay by dissolving them in buffer to give solutions ranging in concentrations from 0 to lOO~M. In an assay to determine the inhibitory dissociation constant, Ki, for a given compound, a chromogenic or fluorogenic substrate of thrombin would be o added to a solution containing a test compound and thrombin;
the resulting catalytic activity of the enzyme would be CA 02218816 1997-ll-lo spectrophotometrically determined. This type of assays lS
well known to those skilled in the art.
Accordingly, compounds o~ the invention may be used in the treatment and/or prophylaxis o~ thrombotic disorders mediated by the activity of thrombin. Such thrombotic disorders include venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, arterial thrombosis, myocardial in~arction and cerebral in~arction.
Methods of treatment or prophylaxis according to the invention o comprise administering to a mammal, more particularly human, an effective amount of compounds of the present invention. By "effective" is meant an amount of the compound sufficient to alleviate or reduce the severity o~ the disorder as measured by parameters established for the particular indication i.e.
blood flow (patency), clot size or density.
The compounds of the present invention may be used as anti-coagulants in vitro or ex vivo as in the case o~ contact activation with foreign thrombogenic surfaces such as is ~ound in tubing used in extracorporeal shunts. The compounds of the invention may also be used to coat the sur~ace of such conduits. To this end, the compounds of the invention are obtained as lyophilized powders, redissolved in isotonic saline and added in an amount sufficient to maintain blood in an anticoagulated state.
The therapeutic agents of the present invention may be administered alone or in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or adjuvants. The proportion o~
0 each carrier, diluent or adjuvant is determined by the solubility and chemical nature of the compound, the route of administration, and standard pharmaceutical practice. For example, the compounds may be in~ected parenterally; this being intramuscularly, intravenously, or subcutaneously. For parenteral administration, the compound may be used in the form of sterile solutions containing other solutes, for example, sufficient saline or glucose to make the solution isotonic. The compounds may be administered orally in the form of tablets, capsules, or granules containing suitable excipients such as starch, lactose, white sugar and the like.
The compounds may also be administered sublingually in the o form of troches or lozenges in which each active ingredient is mixed with sugar or corn syrups, flavouring agents and dyes, and then dehydrated sufficiently to make the mixture suitable for pressing into solid form. The compounds may be administered orally in the form of solutions which may contain colouring and/or flavouring agents.
Physicians will determine the dosage of the present therapeutic agents which will be most suitable. Dosages may vary with the mode of administration and the particular compound chosen. In addition, the dosage may vary with the particular patient under treatment. For parenteral administration, typical dosage is about O.l to 500 mg/kg body weight per day, and preferably about 0.5 to lO mg/kg body weight per day.
When the composition is administered orally, a larger quantity of the active agent will typically be required to produce the same effect as caused with a smaller quantity given parenterally.
For preparation of the compounds of this invention, various methods can be employed depending upon the particular starting materials and/or intermediates involved.
Successful preparation of these compounds is possible by way o~ several synthetic routes one of which is outlined below.
CA 02218816 1997-ll-lO
WO 96t37497 PCTICA96/00318 S CHEME
OH o ~J STEP 1 ~~ H
X XI
H R7 Ra O
X ~ ~ o R 2 ol STEP 2 X I I ~
R ~ ~ STEP 3 ~aR 7 O O ORzo XIV
R 6H ~ XIII
STEP4 !
R4~ ~)m o xv Wherein;
Pg is a nitrogen protecting group;
R20 is a Cl6 alkyl; and X, n, m, R3, R4, R6, R7, and R8 are as de~ined above.
The process depicted in scheme 1 can be briefly describe as follows:
CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo Wog6/374s7 PCT/CA96/00318 ST~p 1 The amino function of the alkylaminoalcohol of formula (X) is protected with an appropriate amino protecting group. A
variety of protecting groups known for reactive functional groups and suitable protection and deprotection protocols may be found in T. Greene, Protective Groups In Or~anic Synthesis, (John Wiley & sons, 1981). The appropriate protecting group to use in a particular synthetic scheme will depend on many lo factors, including the presence of other reactive functional groups and the reaction conditions desired for removal. The protected aminoalkylalcohol is then sub]ected to oxidation, using an appropriate oxidizing agent, such as a catalytic amount of tetrapropylammonium perruthenate (TPAP) along with N-methylmorpholine oxide (NMO)in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane tCH2C12) to yield to a protected amino alkyl aldehyde of formula (XI).
The protected amino alkyl aldehyde of formula (XI) is coupled with an amino acid alkyl ester of formula (XII) with an appropriate base such as potassium carbonate in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane to yield to a cyclic intermediate of formula (XIII).
The amino protecting group of the cyclic intermediate of formula (XIII) is removed under appropriate condition and the resulting compound is then contacted with a reagent appropriate for internal ring closure such as phosgene, triphosgene or carbonyldiimidazole in an inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran to yield to a bicyclic intermediate of formula (XIV).
W096/37497 PCTtCA96/00318 ST~P 4 The ester function (-C(O)O-R20) of the bicyclic intermediate of formula (XIV) is subjected to hydrolysis using an appropriate reagent such as LiOH to yield to the free carboxylic acid. The resulting compound is then coupled to R6H with a peptide coupling agent such as BOP in an appropriate solvent such as dimethylformamide to yield to a coupled bicyclic compound of formula (XV). Suitable conditions for peptide bond formation are well known in the art of peptide chemistry. For example see Principles of Peptide Synthesis, Bodanszky M., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo 1984; and The Peptides. Analysis. Synthesis. Biology. Vol. ~.edited by Gross E., and Meienhofer J., Academic Press , New York, San Francisco, London, 1979.
In a particular embodiment wherein X is S, the following scheme 2 may be followed:
L-cysteine ethyl ester Ph~N~VOH 1) (BOC)20- CH7C12 ~ Ph~N~O K2C03, M9504 H 2) TPAP, NMO or PCC BOC H
Ph N~ S 1) HCI 4.0 M / dioxane Ph ~,~5 BOC HN ~ 2) L, iul~osgt:ne or N,N-carbonyl ~ ~
COzEt O CO2Et 1) LiOH
2) thiazole or ben~utl lid~OIe Ph H
keto arginine, BOP ~r N~S
4) HPLC purification ~N~ ~
Ar = thiazole, be~l,uUIid~ult:
HN rn-; 2 ,1~ CF3C02H
HN ~ NH2 The compounds of this invention may be puri~ied during their synthesis and/or after their preparation by standard techniques well known to the skilled artisan. One pre~erred puri~ication technique is silica gel chromatography. In particular, the flash chromatographic technique may be used.
However, other chromatographic methods, including HPLC, may be used ~or purification of the compounds. Crystallization may also be used to purify the products, as may washing procedures with appropriate organic solvents.
Where the compound o~ ~ormula (I) is desired as a single isomer, it may be obtained either by resolution o~ the final CA 02218816 1997-ll-lo product or by stereospecific synthesis from isomerically pure starting materlal or any convenient intermediate.
Resolution of the final product, or an intermediate or starting material therefor, may be effected by any suitable method known in the art: see for example, "Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds", by E.L. Eliel (McGraw Hill, 1962), and "Tables of Resolving Agents", by S.H. Wilen. Resolution of the final compound can also be achieved using chiral HPLC
techniques.
To further assist in understanding the present invention, the following non-limiting examples of such thrombin inhibitory compounds are provided. The following examples, of course, should not be construed as specifically limiting the present invention, variations presently known or later developed, which would be within the purview of one skilled in the art and considered to fall within the scope of the present invention as described herein. The preferred compounds as of the present invention can be synthesized using conventional preparative steps and recovery methods known to those skilled in the art of organic and bio-organic synthesis, while providing a new a unique combination for the overall synthesis of each compound. Preferred synthetic routes for intermediates involved in the synthesis as well as the resulting anti-thrombotic compounds of the present invention follow.
CA 022l88l6 l997-ll-l0 O O
Boc~ ~ ~OCH3 1. Zn/Cu couple; ultrasound Boc~ ~ ~OCH3 CH3 2. Io-cH3c6H4)3pl2pdcl~ l H3 4-iodobenzonitrile NC~
A solution of tert-butyloxycarbonyl-iodo-alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (2.68 g, 7.5 mmol) (J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 3397-3404) in dry benzene (30 mL), and dry N,N-dimethylacetamide (2.0 mL) was added to a dry nitrogen-purged round bottom flask charged with zinc-copper couple (0.90 g).
The resulting mixture was sonicated under nitrogen until no starting material remained (as judged by TLC). Bis(tri-o-tolylphosphine)palladium dichloride (0.35 g, 0.40 mmol) was added followed by 4-iodobenzonitrile (1.72 g, 7.5 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere with heating, allowed to cool, ethyl acetate (100 mL) was added, and the mixture filtered into a separatory funnel. Sequential washing with aqueous HCl (50 mL; 0.1N), distilled H20 (3 x 50 mL), drying over Na2SO4, ~iltration, and concentration under reduced pressure yielded the crude product. Flash chromatography over silica gel (light petroleum-ethyl acetate gradient) a~orded the puri~ied compound.
WO ~6/37497 PCT/CA96/00318 O O
~N~ ~OCH3 1. Zn/Cu couple; ultrasound _ ~OCH3 2. Io-CH3C6H4)3Pl2Pdc12 ~ ~ CH3 3-iodobellzooitrile~~
CN
A solution o~ tert-butyloxycarbonyl-iodo-alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (2.68 g, 7.5 mmol) (J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 3397-3404) in dry benzene (30 mL), and dry N,N-dimethylacetamide (2.0 mL) was added to a dry nitrogen-purged round bottom flask charged with zinc-copper couple (0.90 g).
The resulting mixture was sonicated under nitrogen until no starting material remained (as judged by TLC). Bis(tri-o-tolylphosphine)palladium dichloride (0.35 g, 0.40 mmol) was added followed by 3-iodobenzonitrile (1.72 g, 7.5 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere with heating, allowed to cool, ethyl acetate (100 mL) was added, and the mixture filtered into a separatory ~unnel. Sequential washing with aqueous HCl (50 mL; 0.1N), distilled H20 (3 x 50 mL), drying over Na2SO4, filtration, and concentration under reduced pressure yielded the crude product. Flash chromatography over silica gel (light petroleum-ethyl acetate gradient) afforded the purified compound.
CA 02218816 1997-ll-10 O O
N~ 3 1. Zn/Cu couple; ~ .sol.lld Boc~ ~ ~OCH3 CH3 2. lo-CH3C6H~)3Pl~PdCIz ~ ~' CH3 2-iodobenzonitrile Ir ~r ~CN
solution of tert-butyloxycarbonyl-iodo-alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (2.68 g, 7.5 mmol) (J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 3397-3404) in dry benzene (30 mL), and dry N,N-dimethylacetamide (2.0 mL) was added to a dry nitrogen-purged round bottom flask charged with zinc-copper couple (0.90 g).
The resulting mixture was sonicated under nitrogen until no starting material remained (as judged by TLC). Bis(tri-o-tolylphosphine)palladium dichloride (0.35 g, 0.40 mmol) was added followed by 2-iodobenzonitrile (1.72 g, 7.5 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere with heating, allowed to cool, ethyl acetate (100 mL) was added, and the mixture filtered into a separatory funnel. Sequential washing with aqueous HCl (50 mL; 0.1N), distilled H20 (3 x 50 mL), drying over Na2SO4, filtration, and concentration under reduced pressure yielded the crude product. Flash chromatography over silica gel (light petroleum-ethyl acetate gradient) afforded the purified compound.
N'~l~ ~OCH3 1. NH20H, DlEA/EtOH N~ ~OCH3 NC~¢~ CH3 2 11~, I'd/C/EtOE~:llOAc CH, NH
CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo W096l37~97 PCTtCA96/00318 To a solution of tert-butyloxycarbonyl-para-cyano-phenylalanine-N,O-dimethylamide ~1.33 g, 4.0 mmol) in dry ethanol (20 mL) was added hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.416 g, 6.0 mmol), and diisopropylethylamine (1.02 mL, 6.0 mmol).
The mixture was refluxed and then cooled. The precipitate was filtered, washed with cold ethanol, diisopropylether, dried with MgSO4, concentrated under reduced pressure, and used directly in the next step. The semi-solid was suspended in a mixture of acetic acid (20 mL), and dry ethanol (40 mL) with 0 warming. Subsequently, Pd/C catalyst (0.30 g, 10~ Pd) was added, and hydrogen was bubbled through the mixture with warming. The hydrogenation was continued until no starting material could be detected as judged by TLC. The catalyst was removed by filtration, the solution was concentrated under reduced pressure (50 mL), HCl (50 mL, 1 N) was added, and the mixture was concentrated once again to 50 mL. The solution was chilled overnight yielding the title compound.
O O
~N~ ~OCH3 1. NH2OH,DIE~EtOH Boc~ ~ ~OCH3 CH3 2. H2 I d/C/EtOH:HOAc S~ CH3 NC
To a solution of tert-butyloxycarbonyl-meta-cyano-phenylalanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.33 g, 4.0 mmol) in dry ethanol (20 mL) was added hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.416 g, 6.0 mmol), and diisopropylethylamine (1.02 mL, 6.0 mmol).
The mixture was refluxed and then cooled. The precipitate was CA 02218816 1997-ll-lo ~iltered, washed with cold ethanol, diisopropylether, drle~
with MgSO4, concentrated under reduced pressure, and used directly in the next step. The semi-solid was suspended in a mixture of acetic acid (20 mL), and dry ethanol (40 mL) with warming. Subsequently, Pd/C catalyst (0.30 g, 10~ Pd) was added, and hydrogen was bubbled through the mixture with warming. The hydrogenation was continued until no starting material could be detected as judged by TLC. The catalyst was removed by filtration, the solution was concentrated under o reduced pressure (50 mL), HCl (50 mL, 1 N) was added, and the mixture was concentrated once again to 50 mL. The solution was chilled overnight yielding the title compound.
o o H ,1~ ~OCH3 I NHzOH~ DlEA/EtOH Boc~ ~ ~OCH3 ¢~CN 2. H2, Pd/C/EtOH:HOAc NH2 To a solution of tert-butyloxycarbonyl-ortho-cyano-phenylalanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.33 g, 4.0 mmol) in dry ethanol (20 mL) was added hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.~16 g, 6.0 mmol), and diisopropylethylamine (1.02 mL, 6.0 mmol).
The mixture was re~luxed and then cooled. The precipitate was filtered, washed with cold ethanol, diisopropylether, dried with MgSO4, concentrated under reduced pressure, and used directly in the next step. The semi-solid was suspended in a mixture of acetic acid (20 mL), and dry ethanol (40 mL) with warming. Subsequently, Pd/C catalyst (0.30 g, 10~ Pd) was added, and hydrogen was bubbled through the mixture with CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo warming. The hydrogenation was continued until no starting material could be detected as judged by TLC. The catalyst was removed by filtration, the solution was concentrated under reduced pressure (50 mL), HCl (50 mL, 1 N) was added, and the mixture was concentrated once again to 50 mL. The solution was chilled overnight yielding the title compound.
CH ~ Lith iu m th iA~ole/THF 130c~ ~J~N,~
H2N ~J~ H2N~/
NH NH
To a solution of thiazole (1.28 g, 15.0 mmol) in anhydrous THF
(30 mL) was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 8.9 mL, 13.9 mmol) dropwise at -78~ C, and the solution stirred. tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-para-amidino-phenylalanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.15 g, 3.3 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was then added dropwise, and the resulting mixture stirred. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride ~2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified on silica gel (ethyl acetate/hexane), and concentrated under reduced pressure.
CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo Bcc ~ IN Llthiumthiazole~HF Boc~
~ , CH, ~ N
HN NH2 HN~NH2 To a solution of thiazole (1.28 g, 15.0 mmol) in anhydrous THF
(30 mL) was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 8.9 mL, 13.9 mmol) dropwise at -78~ C, and the solution stirred. tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-meta-amidino-phenylalanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.15 g, 3.3 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was then added dropwise and the resulting mixture stirred. The reaction was quenched with saturated a~ueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with 0 saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified on silica gel (ethyl acetate/hexane), and concentrated under reduced pressure.
O O
~OCH3 Lithium thiazole/THF ~ Boc~ ~_~
¢~NH3 ¢~NH~
To a solution of thiazole (1.28 g, 15.0 mmol) in anhydrous THF
=
CA 02218816 19s7-ll-lo (30 mL) was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 8 9 mL, 13.9 mmol dropwise at -78~ C, and the solution stirred. tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-ortho-amidino-phenylalanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.15 g, 3.3 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was then added dropwise, and the resulting mixture stirred. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL) and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified on silica gel (ethyl acetate/hexane), and concentrated under reduced pressure.
Boc ~OCH3 1. H2, RaNi/EtOH:NH3 H~y~ H3 ~ CH3 ~e OCH3 tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-para-cyano-phenylalanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.33 g, 4.0 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol saturated with ammonia (30 mL), and sponge Raney Ni (100 mg) added. The solution was shaken under H2 at room temperature (40 psi). The solution was ~iltered through celite, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a clear residue.
The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (250 mL), and washed with 1 N NaOH (2 x 50 mL), and brine (2 x 50 mL). The solution was dried with MgSO4, ~iltered, and concentrated under reduced pressure.
CA 02218816 1997-11-lo W096137497 PCT/CA96/00~18 O O
Boc~ ~ ~OCH3 1. H2,RaN~EtOH:NH3 H~ I ~CH3 ~- CH3 ~ OCH3 tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-meta-cyano-phenylalanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.33 g, 4.0 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol saturated with ammonia (30 mL), and sponge Raney Ni (100 mg) added. The solution was shaken under H2 at room temperature (40 psi). The solution was ~iltered through celite, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a clear residue.
The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (250 mL), and washed with 1 N NaOH (2 x 50 mL), and brine (2 x 50 mL). The solution was dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure.
O o Boc~N~J~ ~OCH3 1. H2 RaNi/EtOH:NH3 H J~ IN~cH3 ~-- CH ~ OCH3 tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-ortho-cyano-phenylalanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.33 g, 4.0 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol saturated with ammonia (30 mL), and sponge Raney Ni (100 mg) added. The solution was shaken under H2 at room temperature (40 psi). The solution was filtered through celite, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a clear residue.
CA 02218816 1997-11-lo The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (250 mL), and washed with 1 N NaOH (2 x 50 mL), and brine (2 x 50 mL). The solution was dried with MgSO4, ~iltered, and concentrated under reduced pressure.
¦ H3CSJ~NHZ Boc ~ IN
OCH3 HgCI2/THF ~Ei OCH3 H2N~J~ ~
NZ
tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-para-aminomethyl-phenylalanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.00 g, 3.1 mmol) was dissolved in dry THF (10 mL) under nitrogen with stirring. The solution was cooled, N,N'-bis-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-S-methyl-isothiourea (1.14 g, 3.2 mmol), and HgCl2 (0.95 g, 3.5 mmol) added. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, the re~ining residue was suspended in ethyl acetate (200 mL), and filtered through celite. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure.
Flash chromatography over silica gel (hexane/ethyl acetate gradient) afforded the purified compound.
CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo W096/37497 PCTlCA96/00318 ~N~J~ ~Ch, H~CSJ~NHZ Eioc~ ~N~CH, ç~ OCH3 HgCI2/THF 13~ OCH3 ZHN~NZ
tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-meta-aminomethyl-phenylalanine-N,0-dimethylamide (1.00 g, 3.1 mmol) was dissolved in dry THF (10 mL) under nitrogen with stirring. The solution was cooled, N,N'-bis-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-S-methyl-isothiourea (1.14 g, 3.2 mmol), and HgCl2 (0.95 g, 3.5 mmol) added. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, the r~m~;n'ng residue was suspended in ethyl acetate (200 mL), and filtered through celite. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure.
o Flash chromatography over silica gel (hexane/ethyl acetate gradient) afforded the purified compound.
H3CSJ~NHZ ~ l OCH3 HgCI2/THF ~= OCH3 I.~NH2 ~NH~NHZ
ZN
tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-ortho-aminomethyl-phenylalanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.00 g, 3.1 mmol) was dissolved in dry THF (10 CA 022188l6 lss7-ll-lo mL) under nitrogen with stirring. The solution was cooled, N,N'-bis-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-S-methyl-isothiourea (1.14 g, 3.2 mmol), and HgCl2 (0.95 g, 3.5 mmol) added. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, the re~A;n;ng residue was suspended in ethyl acetate (200 mL), and ~iltered through celite. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure.
Flash chromatography over silica gel (hexane/ethyl acetate gradient) afforded the purified compound.
~ 1. I,ilhi~mthiazol~/TllF ~~
HN~NHZ NZ
NZ
lo To a solution o~ thiazole (1.28 g, 15.0 mmol) in anhydrous THF
(30 mL) was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 8.9 mL, 13.9 mmol) dropwise at -78~ C, and the solution stirred. The protected amino acid (1.36 g, 3.3 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was then added dropwise, and the resulting mixture stirred. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO4, ~iltered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified on silica gel (ethyl acetate/hexane), and concentrated under reduced pressure.
CA 022188l6 lss7-ll-lo o o ~CH, 1. Lithiumthi~/olerrElF
NH HN
ZN~NHZ ZHN~NZ
To a solution of thiazole (1.28 g, 15.0 mmol) in anhydrous THF
(30 mL) was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 8.9 mL, 13.9 mmol) dropwise at -78~ C, and the solution stirred. The protected amino acid (1.36 g, 3.3 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was then added dropwise, and the resulting mixture stirred. The reacti~n was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO~, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified on silica gel (ethyl acetate/hexane), and concentrated under reduced pressure.
o o Boc ~ Nl 1. Lithium thiazole/THF ~N~
OCH ~N~l~NHZ
ZN ZN
CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo W096t37497 PCT/CA96/00318 To a solution o~ thiazole (1.28 g, 15.0 mmol) in anhydrous THF
(30 mL) was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 8.9 mL, 13.9 mmol) dropwise at -78~ C, and the solution stirred. The protected amino acid (1.36 g, 3.3 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was then added dropwise, and the resulting mixture stirred. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with magnesium sul~ate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified on silica gel (ethyl acetate/hexane), and concentrated under reduced pressure.
o o ~N~D~ ~OCH3 1. Zn/Cu couple; ull. s~ ~ ~NJ~ ~OCH3 2. Io-CH3C6H4)3PI2PdCI2 ~ ~ CH3 2-amino-5-~ b -T
H2N~N
A solution of tert-butyloxycarbonyl-iodo-alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (2.68 g, 7.5 mmol) (J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 3397-3404) in dry benzene (30 mL), and dry N,N-dimethylacetamide (2.0 mL) was added to a dry nitrogen-purged round bottom flask charged with zinc-copper couple (0.90 g).
The resulting mixture was sonicated under nitrogen until no starting material remained (as judged by TLC).. Bis(tri-o-tolylphosphine)palladium dichloride (0.35 g, 0.40 mmol) was added followed by 2-iodobenzonitrile (1.72 g, 7.5 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere with heating, allowed to cool, ethyl acetate (100 mL) was added, and the mixture filtered into a separatory funnel. Sequentlal CA 022188l6 lss7-ll-lo washing with aqueous HCl (50 mL; O.lN), distilled H2O (3 X 50 mL), drying over Na2SO4, filtration, and concentration under reduced pressure yielded the crude product. Flash chromatography over silica gel (light petroleum/ethyl acetate gradient) afforded the purified compound.
o o NJI~ ~OCH3 1. Lithium thiazole/THF Boc~ ~N
H2N ~ H2NJ~
To a solution of thiazole (1.28 g, 15 . O mmol) in anhydrous THF
(30 mL) was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 8.9 mL, 13.9 mmol) dropwise at -78~ C, and the solution stirred. The amino acid-lo N,O-dimethylamide (1.07 g, 3.3 mmol) in anhydrous THF (15 mL) was then added dropwise and the resulting mixture stirred.
The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified on silica gel (ethyl acetate/hexane), and concentrated under reduced pressure.
B ~N~l~ ~OCH3 1. ZnlCu couple; ulll s~ ~ NH~J~ ~OCH3 CH3 2. Io-cH3c6H4)3pl2pdcl2 ~ CH3 2-cyano-~
NC~N~
CA 02218816 1997-11-lo A solution o~ tert-butyloxycarbonyl-iodo-alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (2.68 g, 7.5 mmol) (J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 3397-3404) in dry benzene (30 mL), and dry N,N-dimethylacetamide (2.0 mL) was added to a dry nitrogen-purged round bottom flask charged with zinc-copper couple (0.90 g).
The resulting mixture was sonicated under nitrogen until no starting material remained (as judged by TLC). Bis(tri-o-tolylphosphine)palladium dichloride (0.35 g, 0.40 mmol) was added followed by 2-iodobenzonitrile (1.72 g, 7.5 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere with heating, allowed to cool, ethyl acetate (100 mL) was added, and the mixture filtered into a separatory ~unnel. Sequential washing with aqueous HCl (50 mL; 0.1N), distilled H2O (3 x 50 mL), drying over Na2SO4, filtration, and concentration under reduced pressure yielded the crude product. Flash chromatography over silica gel (light petroleum/ethyl acetate gradient) afforded the purified compound.
o o ~N~JI~ ~OCH3 1. I~H20H, DlEAJEtOH Boc~ ~ ~OCH3 NC~-- CH, 2.El~,l'd/C/E:tOll:llOAc b~ CH, NH
To a solution of tert-butyloxycarbonyl-(4-cyano)3-pyridylalanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.34 g, 4.0 mmol) in dry ethanol (20 mL) was added N,O-hydroxlyamine hydrochloride (0.416 g, 6.0 mmol), and diisopropylethylamine (1.02 mL, 6.0 mmol). The mixture was refluxed and then cooled. The precipitate was ~iltered, washed with cold ethanol, CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo diisopropylether, dried with MgSO4, concentrated under reduced pressure, and used directly in the next step. The semi-solid was suspended in a mixture of acetic acid (20 mL), and dry ethanol (40 mL) with warming. Subsequently, Pd/C catalyst (0.30 g, 10~ Pd) was added, and hydrogen was bubbled through the mixture with warming. The hydrogenation was continued until no starting material could be detected as judged by TLC.
The catalyst was removed by filtration, and the solution was concentrated under reduced pressure (50 mL), HCl (50 mL, 1 N) was added, and the mixture was concentrated once again to 50 mL. The solution was chilled overnight yielding the title compound.
o o ~N~ IN~OcH3 1. Lithium thiazole/THF Boc~ ~r4 ~¢~ H2N ~,~ N
NH NH
To a solution of thiazole (1.28 g, 15.0 mmol) in anhydrous THF
(30 mL) was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 8.9 mL, 13.9 mmol) dropwise at -78~ C, and the solution stirred. The amino acid-N,O-dimethylamide (1.16 g, 3.3 mmol) in anhydrous THF (15 mL) was then added dropwise, and the resulting mixture stirred.
The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous - ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified on silica gel ethyl acetate/hexane), and CA 022188l6 lss7-ll-lo concentrated under reduced pressure.
HN~J~N~ 3 1. H2, PtO2/ACOH N~ ~CH3 N~ OCH3 HN~= 1CH3 tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-(4-pyridyl)alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (4.50 g, 14.4 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid (100 mL), and PtO2 (100 mg) added. The solution was shaken under H2 until gas uptake ceased. The solution was filtered through celite, and concentrated under reduced pressure yielding tert-butyloxycarbonyl-3-(4-piperidyl)alanine-N,O-dimethylamide.
0 The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (250 mh), washed with 1 N NaOH (2 x 50 mL), brine (2 x 50 mL), dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the title compound.
o o Boc~ ~ ~CH3 1. H2, PtO~/AcOH HN~JI~ ~CH3 OCH3 Q~ OCH3 tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-(3-pyridyl)alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (4.50 g, 14.4 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid (100 mL), and PtO2 (100 mg) added. The solution was shaken under H2 until gas uptake ceased. The solution was filtered through celite, CA 02218816 1997-11-lo and concentrated under reduced pressure yielding tert-butyloxycarbonyl-3-(3-piperidyl)alanine-N,O-dimethylamide.
The resiclue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (250 mL), washed with 1 N NaOH (2 x 50 mL), brine (2 x 50 mL), dried with MgSO4, ~iltered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the title compound.
o o Boc , ~CH3 1. H2, PtO2/AcOH Boc~ J~ ~CH3 OCH3 Cl~-- OCH3 N NH
tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-(2-pyridyl)alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (4.50 g, 14.4 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid (100 mL), and PtO2 (100 mg) added. The solution was shaken under H2 until gas uptake ceased. The solution was ~iltered through celite, and concentrated under reduced pressure yielding tert-butyloxycarbonyl-3-(2-piperidyl)alanine-N,O-dimethylamide.
The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (250 mL), washed with 1 N NaOH (2 x 50 mL), brine (2 x 50 mL), dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the title conpound.
CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo H3CSJ~NHZ ~N~J~N~ H3 OCH3HgCI2rrHF ~ 1CH3 HN~I ZHN~N
NZ
tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-(4-piperidyl)alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.00 g, 3.2 mmol) was dissolved in dry THF (10 mL) under nitrogen with stirring. The solution was cooled, N,N'-bis-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-S-methyl-isothiourea (1.14 g, 3.2 mmol), and HgCl2 (0.95 g, 3.5 mmol) added. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, the remaining residue was suspended in ethyl acetate (200 mL), and filtered through celite. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure.
lo Flash chromatography over silica gel (hexane/ethyl acetate gradient) afforded the title compound.
~JI~N~ 3 H3CSJ~NHZ ~N~J~N~ 3 OCH3 HgCI2rrHF ~ 1CH3 ZN~NHZ
tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-(3-piperidyl)alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.00 g, 3.2 mmol) was dissolved in dry THF (10 mL) under nitrogen with stirring. The solution was cooled, N,N'-bis-CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo (benzyloxycarbonyl)-S-methyl-isothiourea (1.14 g, 3.2 mmol), and HgCl2 (0.95 g, 3.5 mmol) added. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, the r~m~n~ng residue was suspended in ethyl acetate (200 mL), and filtered through celite. The ~iltrate was concentrated under reduced pressure.
Flash chromatography over silica gel (hexane/ethyl acetate gradient) afforded the title compound.
N~ 3 H3CSJ~NHZ N~J~N~ 3 Cl' OCH3 HgCI2/THF ~-- OCH3 NH ~N~NHZ
lo tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-(2-piperidyl)alanine-N,0-dimethylamide (l.oo g, 3.2 mmol) was dissolved in dry THF (10 mL) under nitrogen with stirring. The solution was cooled, N,N'-bis-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-S-methyl-isothiourea (1.14 g, 3.2 mmol), and HgCl2 (0.95 g, 3.5 mmol) added. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, the rem~;n'ng residue was suspended in ethyl acetate (200 mL), and filtered through celite. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure.
Flash chromatography over silica gel (hexane/ethyl acetate gradient) af~orded the title compound.
, ~y 1. Lithium thiazole/THF N~
1--~ OCH3 ~ N
ZHN~N~J ZHN~N~J
NZ NZ
To a solution of thiazole in anhydrous THF (1.23 g, 14.4 mmol) was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 8.4 mL, 13.4 mmol) dropwise at -78~ C and the solution stirred. The guanidylated 4-piperidylalanine derivative (2.00 g, 3.2 mmol) in anhydrous THF (15 mL) was added dropwise, and the resulting mixture stirred. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure.
~y 1. Lith;um thi:l~ole/TB F Boc~ ~N
~ ~=
~N ~N
ZN~NHZ ZN~NHZ
To a solution of thiazole in anhydrous THF (1.23 g, 14.4 mmol) was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 8.4 mL, 13.4 mmol) dropwise at -78~ C with stirring. The mixture was stirred at -78~ C for 1 h. The guanidylated 3-piperidylalanine derivative (2.00 g, CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo wos6/374s7 PCT/CA96/00318 3.2 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added dropwise, and the resulting mixture stirred. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO4, ~iltered, and concentrated under reduced pressure.
o o 1. Lithium thiazole/TH~ Boc~ ~4 C~' OCH3 Cl' N
N~NHZ N~NHZ
ZN ZN
To a solution of thiazole in anhydrous THF (1.23 g, 14.4 mmol) lo was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 8.4 mL, 13.4 mmol) dropwise at -78~ C with stirring. The mixture was stirred at -78~ C for 1 h. The guanidylated 2-piperidylalanine derivative (2.00 g, 3.2 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added dropwise, and the resulting mixture stirred. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO4, ~iltered, and concentrated under reduced pressure.
CA 022188l6 lss7-ll-lo o o HN~JI~IN~CH3 1. H2,PtO2/AcOH~N~JI~Nl~cH3 o2NJ3'"= OCH3 H2NJ~ OCH3 tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-para-nitro-phenylalanine-N,O-dimethylamide (13.88 g, 39.3 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid (100 mL), and PtO2 (100 mg) added. The solution was shaken under H2 until gas uptake ceased. The solution was filtered through celite, concentrated under reduced pressure, taken up in H2O (150 mL), and lyophilized. The semi-solid was dissolved in ethyl acetate (350 mL), washed with 1 N NaOH (3 x 50 mL), and brine (3 x 50 mL). The solution was dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure yielding the title compound.
Boc~ ~ ~CH3 1. H2, PtO2/AcOH ~ l -- OCH~ ~ OCH, tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-meta-nitro-phenylalanine-N,O-dimethylamide (13.88 g, 39.3 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid (100 mL), and PtO2 (100 mg) added. The solution was shaken under H2 until gas uptake ceased. The solution was ~iltered through celite, concentrated under reduced pressure, taken up in H2O (150 mL), and lyophilized. The semi-solid was dissolved in ethyl acetate (350 mL), washed with 1 N NaOH (3 x 50 mL), and brine (3 x 50 mL). The solution was dried with MgSO~, ~iltered, and concentrated under reduced pressure yielding the title compound.
~CH3 1. H~, PtO2/AcOH ~N~Il~N~ 3 ~NO2 ~ H2 OCH3 tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-ortho-nitro-phenylalanine-N,O-dimethylamide (13.88 g, 39.3 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid (100 mL), and PtO2 (100 mg) added. The solution was o shaken under H2 until gas uptake ceased. The solution was ~iltered through celite, concentrated under reduced pressure, taken up in H2O (150 mL), and lyophilized. The semi-solid was dissolved in ethyl acetate (350 mL), washed with 1 N NaOH (3 x 50 mL), and brine (3 x 50 mL). The solution was dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure yielding the title compound.
o . o HN V~ IN~CH3 l.Z-CI, NaHCO,l/THF:H20 Boc~ ~N
H2N~ OCH3 2. Lithium thia~olerrHF NHZ~
1. tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-( cis/ trans-4-aminocyclohexyl)alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.00 g, 3.0 mmol) 20 was dissolved in saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, and THF
CA 02218816 1997-ll-lo [60 mL, (1:1)] with stirring. The solution was cooled and a solution o~ benzyl chloro~ormate (0.43 mL, 3.0 mmol) in THF
(10 mL) was added dropwise. Excess solid sodium bicarbonate was added, the THF was removed under reduced pressure, and the remaining aqueous phase was poured into ethyl acetate (250 mL), and mixed thoroughly. The aqueous phase was discarded and the rem~in~ng solution was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2 x 50 mL), 4 N aqueous sodium bisulfate (2 x 50 mL), and brine (2 x 50 mL). The solution was dried o with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure.
The semi-solid was chromatographed on silica gel (ethyl acetate/ hexane).
2. To a solution of thia~ole (1.16 g, 13.7 mmol) in anhydrous THF was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 8.0 mL, 12.8 mmol) dropwise at -78~ C and the solution stirred. The above protected amino acid amide (1.41 g, 3.0 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added dropwise, and the resulting mixture stirred. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified on silica gel (ethyl acetate/hexane), and concentrated under reduced pressure.
CA 02218816 1997-ll-10 Boc ~ I I. ~cl, N-HCo~ o N~,_ Q~ OCH~ Z.Lithiumthia~ole/lliF Q~ N
1 . tert - Butyloxycarbonyl- 3 - ( ci s/ trans - 3 -aminocyclohexyl)alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.00 g, 3.0 mmol) was dissolved in saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, and THF
[60 mL, (1:1)] with stirring. The solution was cooled and a solution of benzyl chloroformate (0.43 mL, 3.0 mmol) in THF
(10 mL) was added dropwise. Excess solid sodium bicarbonate was added, the THF was removed under reduced pressure, and the remaining aqueous phase was poured into ethyl acetate (250 lo mL), and mixed thoroughly. The aqueous phase was discarded and the r~m~ining solution was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2 x 50 mL), 4 N aqueous sodium bisul~ate (2 x 50 mL), and brine (2 x 50 mL). The solution was dried with MgSO~, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure.
The semi-solid was chromatographed on silica gel (ethyl acetate/ hexane).
2. To a solution of thiazole (1.16 g, 13.7 mmol) in anhydrous THF was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 8.0 mL, 12.8 mmol) dropwise at -78~ C and the solution stirred. The above protected amino acid amide (1.41 g, 3.0 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added dropwise, and the resulting mixture stirred. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous CA 022l88l6 lgg7-ll-lo ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was puri~ied on silica gel (ethyl acetate/hexane), and concentrated under reduced pressure.
I. Z-Cl, NallCO3TNF~ O 130c~ ~N
OCH3 2. Lithium thiazole/THF
~NH2 ~NHZ
1. tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-( cis/ trans-2-aminocyclohexyl)alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (1.00 g, 3.0 mmol) was dissolved in saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, and THF
0 [60 mL, (1:1)] with stirring. The solution was cooled and a solution of benzyl chloroformate (0.43 mL, 3.0 mmol) in THF
(10 mL) was added dropwise. Excess solid sodium bicarbonate was added, the THF was removed under reduced pressure, and the remaining aqueous phase was poured into ethyl acetate (250 mL), and mixed thoroughly. The aqueous phase was discarded and the r~m~; n; ng solution was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2 x 50 mL), 4 N aqueous sodium bisulfate (2 x 50 mL), and brine (2 x 50 mL). The solution was dried with MgSO~, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure.
The semi-solid was chromatographed on silica gel (ethyl acetate/ hexane).
2. To a solution of thiazole (1.16 g, 13.7 mmol) in anhydrous THF was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 8.0 mL, 12.8 mmol) dropwise at -78~ C and the solution stirred. The above protected amino acid amide (1.41 g, 3.0 mmol) in THF (15 mL) CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo was added dropwise, and the resulting mixture stirred. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO4, ~iltered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified on silica gel (ethyl acetate/hexane), and concentrated under reduced pressure.
1. H3CSJ~NHZ ~N ~>
OCH3 HgCk/THF ZN ~ N
J 2. Lithium thiazole/THF J~ ~,L J
H2N~ ZHN H
1. tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-( cis/trans-4-aminocyclohexyl)alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (2.0 g, 6.1 mmol) was dissolved in dry THF (20 mL) under nitrogen with stirring.
The solution was cooled to 0~ C, N,N'-bis-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-S-methyl-isothiourea (2.18 g, 6.1 mmol), and HgCl2 (1.81 g, 6.7 mmol) adcled. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, the rem~;n;ng residue was suspended in ethyl acetate (300 mL), and filtered through celite. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. Flash chromatography over silica gel (hexane/ethyl acetate gradient) afforded the purified product.
.
2. To a solution of thiazole (2.32 g, 27.3 mmol) in anhydrous THF was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 15.9 mL, 25.4 mmol) dropwise at -78~ C and the solution stirred. The above -CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo guanidylated amino acid (3.88 g, 6.1 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added dropwise, and the resulting mixture stirred. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified on silica gel (ethyl acetate/hexane), and concentrated under reduced pressure.
BOC .~N 1. H3CSJ~NHZ ~N~ ,,S
1CH3 HgCI2rrHF _ N_~
2. Lithium thiazole/THF Q~
H2 ~NZ
ZHN
1. tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-( cis/ trans-3-aminocyclohexyl)alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (2.0 g, 6.1 mmol) was dissolved in dry THF (20 mL) under nitrogen with stirring.
The solution was cooled to 0~ C, N,N'-bis-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-S-methyl-isothiourea (2.18 g, 6.1 mmol), and HgCl2 (1.81 g, 6.7 mmol) added. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, the rem~;n;ng residue was suspended in ethyl acetate (300 mL), and filtered through celite. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. Flash chromatography over silica gel (hexane/ethyl acetate gradient) afforded the purified product.
CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo 2. To a solution of thiazole (2.32 g, 27.3 mmol) in anhydrous THF was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 15.9 mL, 25.4 mmol) dropwise at -78~ C and the solution stirred. The above guanidylated amino acid (3.88 g, 6.1 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added dropwise, and the resulting mixture stirred. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous lo ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO~, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified on silica gel (ethyl acetate/hexane), and concentrated under reduced pressure.
1. H~C5 NHZ ~N"~ ' N~C~
OCH3 HgCI2/THF ~
U ~N~2 2. Lithium thiazole/THF [~ NH
ZN~NHZ
1. tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-( cis/ trans-2-aminocyclohexyl)alanine-N,O-dimethylamide (2.0 g, 6.1 mmol) was dissolved in dry THF (20 mL) under nitrogen with stirring.
The solution was cooled to 0~ C, N,N'-bis-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-S-methyl-isothiourea (2.18 g, 6.1 mmol), and HgCl2 (1.81 g, 6.7 mmol) added. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, the remaining residue was suspended in ethyl acetate (300 mL), and ~iltered through celite. The ~iltrate was CA 02218816 1997-11-lo concentrated under reduced pressure. Flash chromatography over silica gel (hexane/ethyl acetate gradient) afforded the puri~ied product.
2. To a solution of thiazole (2.32 g, 27.3 mmol) in anhydrous THF was added n-BuLi (1.6 M/hexane, 15.9 mL, 25.4 mmol) dropwise at -78 C and the solution stirred. The above guanidylated amino acid (3.88 g, 6.1 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added dropwise, and the resulting mixture stirred. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (150 mL), and the organic layer washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (2 x 50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried with MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified on silica gel (ethyl acetate/hexane), and concentrated under reduced pressure.
EXAMPLE 2 SYNTHESIS OF COMPOUND # 6 ;l ~ S
h~ N ~> ~
/~ NH
(6) ~' NH
~!= NH
NH2 ~ 2HBr ST~P 1 ~
OH OH
(BOC) 2~
CH2C12 ~ R . T -BnNH BnNBOC
CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo (1) (2) One equivalent of di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (5.56 g; 25.0 mmols) was added to a solution of N-benzylethanolamine (1) (3.92 g; 26.0 mmols) in CH2c12 (75 ml).The solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. Evaporation of the solvent gave the N-Boc protected amine (2) (6.61 g; 100~).
OH O
TPAP, NMO
r ~ H
i MS4A,CH2C12 BnNBOC BnNBOC
(2) (3) Tetrapropylammonium perruthenate (TPAP)(67 mg; 4.23 mmoles) was added to a well stirred mixture of the alcohol (2) (608 mg; 4.23 mmols) and powdered 4A molecular sieves (1.5 g) in dichloromethane (10 ml). After being stirred for 20 minutes, the mixture was ~iltered through celite~. Evaporation of the solvent gave a black oil which was then purified on silica gel (ethyl acetate(EtOAc) 30~; Hexanes 70~) to give the aldehyde (3) (410 mg; 68~) as a colorless oil.
Bn ~ N ''--~ S
~ Cysteine ethyl ester - HC1 BOCHN ~
BnNBOC K2CO3/Mgs04~cH2cl2 2Et ~) (4) -A mixture of the aldehyde (3) (387 mg; 1.82 mmols), cysteine ethyl ester hydrochloride (370 mg; 1.99 mmols), potassium W 096/374g7 PCT/CA96/00318 carbonate (1.2 g) and magnesium sulphate (1.2 g) in dichloromethane (10 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The resulting mixture was then trans~erred into an aqueous saturated solution of saturated NaHCO3 (30 ml) and extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 30 ml). The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4) and the solvent evaporated to give an oil which was purified on silica gel (EtOAc 20~, Hexanes 80~) to give the thioamine (4) 439 mg; 70~) as a mixture of diastereoisomers.
STF.P 4 Bn-N ~_-S H!
~ . ~ S
HN __ ~ 1) 4.0 M HCl in dioxane BnN
~ ~ N
CO Et 2) triphosgene/base/THF o 2 C02Et (4) ~) 4.0 M HCl in dioxane (15 ml; 60 mmols) is added to a mixture of the thioamine (4) (367 mg; 1.07 mmols) and ethylmethyl sulfide (1 ml). The resulting solution is stirred 3 hours.
Evaporation of the solvent gives the crude deprotected amine as a mixture of isomers. The crude deprotected amine is solubilized in THF (15 ml) and diisopropylethylamine (0.7 ml).
Triphosgene (400 mg; 1.34 mmols) is added to the solution and the resulting mixture is stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture is then transferred into aqueous saturated NaHCO3 (30 ml) and extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 30 ml). The combined organic layers are dried (MgSO4) and evaporation of the solvents gives an oil that is-purified on silica gel to give the compound (5).
WO g6/37497 PCTICA96/00318 STE:I~ 5 1) ~iOH H20 Bn-N/--~ S
s THF / H2 0 0~ ~ ~ ~,1 ",~ 5 (5) j--NH NH
3 ) BBr3 / CH2C12 NH2 2HBr The isolated urea (5a) is hydrolyzed with one equivalent of LiOH-H20 in a 1:1 mixture of THF and H20. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and the resulting solution is poured into 10~ citric acid and extracted with dichloromethane to yield the crude carboxylic acid. The crude carboxylic acid is coupled with benzothiazole keto arginine in DMF using BOP as the coupling reagent in the presence of diisopropylethylamine. Extraction with EtOAc gives a solid that is purified on silica gel to give the protected amide.
The CBZ protecting group is removed with BBr3 in dichloromethane at room temperature finally gives the bicyclic benzothiazole keto arginine inhibitors (6).
EXAMPLE 3 Synthesis of compound 1 CA 022188l6 lss7-ll-lo ~-~ s~
N ~N ~ ~
O ,~5 /J
~!= NH
NH2 ~ 2HBr ST~P 1 ~
OH OH
(BOC) 2~
CH2C12 ~ R . T -BnNH BnNBOC
CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo (1) (2) One equivalent of di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (5.56 g; 25.0 mmols) was added to a solution of N-benzylethanolamine (1) (3.92 g; 26.0 mmols) in CH2c12 (75 ml).The solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. Evaporation of the solvent gave the N-Boc protected amine (2) (6.61 g; 100~).
OH O
TPAP, NMO
r ~ H
i MS4A,CH2C12 BnNBOC BnNBOC
(2) (3) Tetrapropylammonium perruthenate (TPAP)(67 mg; 4.23 mmoles) was added to a well stirred mixture of the alcohol (2) (608 mg; 4.23 mmols) and powdered 4A molecular sieves (1.5 g) in dichloromethane (10 ml). After being stirred for 20 minutes, the mixture was ~iltered through celite~. Evaporation of the solvent gave a black oil which was then purified on silica gel (ethyl acetate(EtOAc) 30~; Hexanes 70~) to give the aldehyde (3) (410 mg; 68~) as a colorless oil.
Bn ~ N ''--~ S
~ Cysteine ethyl ester - HC1 BOCHN ~
BnNBOC K2CO3/Mgs04~cH2cl2 2Et ~) (4) -A mixture of the aldehyde (3) (387 mg; 1.82 mmols), cysteine ethyl ester hydrochloride (370 mg; 1.99 mmols), potassium W 096/374g7 PCT/CA96/00318 carbonate (1.2 g) and magnesium sulphate (1.2 g) in dichloromethane (10 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The resulting mixture was then trans~erred into an aqueous saturated solution of saturated NaHCO3 (30 ml) and extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 30 ml). The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4) and the solvent evaporated to give an oil which was purified on silica gel (EtOAc 20~, Hexanes 80~) to give the thioamine (4) 439 mg; 70~) as a mixture of diastereoisomers.
STF.P 4 Bn-N ~_-S H!
~ . ~ S
HN __ ~ 1) 4.0 M HCl in dioxane BnN
~ ~ N
CO Et 2) triphosgene/base/THF o 2 C02Et (4) ~) 4.0 M HCl in dioxane (15 ml; 60 mmols) is added to a mixture of the thioamine (4) (367 mg; 1.07 mmols) and ethylmethyl sulfide (1 ml). The resulting solution is stirred 3 hours.
Evaporation of the solvent gives the crude deprotected amine as a mixture of isomers. The crude deprotected amine is solubilized in THF (15 ml) and diisopropylethylamine (0.7 ml).
Triphosgene (400 mg; 1.34 mmols) is added to the solution and the resulting mixture is stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture is then transferred into aqueous saturated NaHCO3 (30 ml) and extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 30 ml). The combined organic layers are dried (MgSO4) and evaporation of the solvents gives an oil that is-purified on silica gel to give the compound (5).
WO g6/37497 PCTICA96/00318 STE:I~ 5 1) ~iOH H20 Bn-N/--~ S
s THF / H2 0 0~ ~ ~ ~,1 ",~ 5 (5) j--NH NH
3 ) BBr3 / CH2C12 NH2 2HBr The isolated urea (5a) is hydrolyzed with one equivalent of LiOH-H20 in a 1:1 mixture of THF and H20. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and the resulting solution is poured into 10~ citric acid and extracted with dichloromethane to yield the crude carboxylic acid. The crude carboxylic acid is coupled with benzothiazole keto arginine in DMF using BOP as the coupling reagent in the presence of diisopropylethylamine. Extraction with EtOAc gives a solid that is purified on silica gel to give the protected amide.
The CBZ protecting group is removed with BBr3 in dichloromethane at room temperature finally gives the bicyclic benzothiazole keto arginine inhibitors (6).
EXAMPLE 3 Synthesis of compound 1 CA 022188l6 lss7-ll-lo ~-~ s~
N ~N ~ ~
O ,~5 /J
(7) NH
,,~ NH
H N (2H3r) The urea of formula (7) is produced according to the same method as for the bicyclic benzothiazole keto arginine inhibitors (6) with the difference that the N-benzylethanolamine (1) is substituted by N-Benzyl-3-amino-propanol.
EXAMPLE 4 Synthesis of compounds 13a and 13b OH H~O
" (BOC)20 CH2CI2 J
r 2) NMO, TPAP, Ph~NH M.S. 4A, CH2CI2 Ph~NBOC
A solution of the amine (5.32 g, 0.032 mol) in CH2Cl2 (100 ml) was treated with (BOC)2O (7.10 g, 0.038 mol). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours to afford after evaporation of the solvent the crude protected amine (8.25 g, 97~) which was used in the next step without further purification. To the amine (5.18 g, 0.0195 mol) in CH2Cl2 (100 ml) was added powdered 4A M.S. (12.6 g) and treated with NMO
(4 . 21 g, 0.0359 mol) and TPAP (341 mg, 0.972 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, then . 68 CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo filtered on a path of celite. Puri~ication on silica gel (20 EtOAc/80~ hex) afforded the aldehyde (2.76 g, 54~).
H ~ o L-cysteine-OEtHCl BnBOCN ~S
/ K2CO3/Mgso4, HN
BnNBOC ~
O OEt A mixture of the aldehyde (2.76 g, 0.0105 mols), L-cysteine ethyl ester ~ HCl (2.91 g, 15.7 mmols), potassium carbonate (9 g) and magnesium sulphate (9 g) in CH2Cl2 (75 ml) were stirred at room temperature ~or 17 hours. The mixture was poured into NaHCO3(s) (200 ml) and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3x200 ml). The combined organic phases were dried (MgSO4). Puri~ication of the oil on silica gel (20~ EtOAc/80~ hex) af~orded the thio~m; n~l (3.54 g, 86~).
H : H
BnBOCN~ ' S
> 1) 4.0MHCI/dioxane ~ + ~ S
HN ~ 2) Triphosgene, Na2CO3BnN ~f N BnN ~ N
A B
42% 34%
The protected amine (1.87 g, 0.0047 mol) dissolved in EtSMe (4 ml) was treated with 4.0 M HCl in dioxane (50 mL) and stirred for 75 minutes. The mixture was poured into a saturated solution of NaHCO3 (200 ml) and an additional 20 g of NaHCO3 was added. The aqueous mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x200 ml) and the combined organic phases were washed (brine), dried (Na2SO4). Evaporation of the volatiles le~t the crude deprotected amine (1.35 g, 97~). The crude amine (1.23 g, 4.17 mmols) dissolved in THF (15 ml) and treated successively with a solution of Na2CO3 (885 mg) in water (15 CA 022188l6 lss7-ll-lo ml) ~ollowed by a solution o~ triphosgene (408 mg, 1.37 mmols). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 19 hours, then poured into water (60 ml) and extracted with CH2Cl2 (4x60 ml). The combined organic phases were washed with HCl 5~ (200 ml), NaHCO3(s) (200 ml), and dried (MgSO4).
Purification on silica gel afforded the urea A (568 mg, 42~) and the urea B (470 mg, 34~). The stereochemistry at the angular position is arbitrarily assigned.
~ S LiOH- H20 ~~ S
BnN ~ N ~ THF/H,O BnN ~ N
~ O OEt ~ O OH
A solution of the ester (517 mg, 1.61 mmols) in THF (10 ml) was treated with LiOH-H2o (74 mg, 1.8 mmols) in water (10 ml).
The solution was stirred at room temperature for 60 minutes then poured into 5~ HCl (50 ml) and extracted with CH2Cl2 (4x70 ml) and dried (MgSO4). Evaporation of the solvent left the crude carboxylic acid (418 mg, 89~).
H H
1~ s LiOH- H20 ~ S
BnN ~f N THF/H20 BnN ~N ~
~ O OEt ~ O OH
A solution of the ester (432 mg, 1.35 mmols) in THF (10 ml) was treated with LioH-H2O (161.6 mg, 3.85 mmols) in H20 (10 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight.
The mixture was poured into HC1 5~ (50 ml) and extracted with CH2Cl2 (4x70 ml) and dried (MgSO4). Evaporation of the solvent CA 022188l6 lss7-ll-lo le~t a residue that was puri~ied on silica gel (1~ AcOH, 99 AcOEt) to afford the pure carboxylic acid (125 mg, 32~).
~ S I ) Cl H,N ~< ~: BOP: DIEA ~ S ~,_ S
l~nN ~ N ~> I~ BnN ~ N > 13nN ~ N ~>
2) BCI, ~ O~NII~N~ 11 ~ ~
3) HrLC purification NH ~ NH ~
)~ NH CFlCO2H ~ NH CF,CO2H
# 441-143-1 # 441-143-2 A 7.6% (fast monnl ) B 4.7 ~/O (slow monng) To a solution of the acid (310 mg, 1.06 mmol) in DMF (3 ml) was added successively DIEA (1 ml), the arginine (277 mg, 0.601 mmol) and a solution of BOP (355 mg, 0.841 mmol) in DMF
(2 ml). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours, then poured into water (130 ml), extracted with EtOAc (3x30 ml). The combined organic phases were washed with citric acid 10~ (90 ml), NaHCO3(s) (90 ml) then brine and dried (Na2SO4). Purification of the foam afforded the amide (190 mg, 63~). The amide was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (10 ml) and treated at -78~C with BCl3 lM (2.8 ml). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours and quenched with dry methanol (3.0 ml) at -78~C. The solution was stirred at room temperature for one hour, then volatiles were evaporated.
Purification by HPLC afforded the pure compound A (59.8 mg, fast mov.ing component, one pure isomer) and B (37.4 mg, slow moving component, one pure isomer). *Stereochemistry arbitrarily assigned.
In a like manner, the compounds 13c and 3d were prepared.
EXAMPLE S Synthesis of compounds 12a and 12b CA 022188l6 lss7-ll-lo W096l37497 PCTICA96100318 O ~ H 1 ) H 2 ~ PtO 2, ettlanol [~ N ~~~ OH
HzN--~OH ~ [~3 2) (BOC) 2~ DCM BOC
To a solution of the amine (5.0 g, 66.0 mmols) in absolute ethanol (25 ml) was added distilled benzaldehyde (9.0 mL g, 68 mmols). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes and PtO2. (80 mg) was added. The mixture was hydrogenated at 60 psi for 8 hrs at room temperature. The mixture was filtered on celite and volatiles removed. A
portion of the crude oil (5.92 g, 30 6 mmols) was dissolved in 10 DCM and treated with (BOC) 2~ (6.8 g). The solution was stirred for 15 hrs at room temperature. Volatiles were removed i~ vacuo and the oil purified on silica gel (EtOAc30%, hexanes 70%) to afford the protected amine (6.40 g; 71%).
N--~--OH PCC, AcONa ~ N ~O
BOC MS 4 A, DCM . EtOC
To a solution of the alcohol (6.21 g, 21.1 mmols) in DCM (200 ml) was added successively sodium acetate (2.6 g)and powdered M . S 4 A (7.0 g). The mixture was cooled to 0 ~C then PCC (6.9 g; 32 mmols) was added. The mixture was stirred at O ~C for 45 minutes then at room temperature for 1 hour. The mixture was filtered through florisil and washed several times with DCM.
Evaporation of the solvent left an oil that was purified on silica gel (EtOAc20~, hexanes 80%) to afford the aldehyde (2.85 g; 46%).
H
¦~~ N ~~ L-cyste~e-OEt ~ ~ N ~~ S >
~ BOC tC2C03, M~S04 . OCM ~J 30C CO2Et CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo A mixture of the aldehyde (2.71 g, 9.30 mmols), L-cysteine ethyl ester ~ HCl (2.91 g, 15.7 mmols), potassium carbonate (9 g) and magnesium sulphate (9 g) in CH2Cl2 (75 ml) were stirred at room temperature for 17 hours. The mixture was poured into NaHCO3(s) (200 ml) and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3x200 ml). The combined organic phases were dried (MgSO4). Purification of the oil Oll silica gel (20~ EtOAc/80~ hex) afforded the thio~ml n~l (3.62 g, 92~).
BOC S 1) 40MHCI/dioxane ~ H ~ H
HN 2) T.; Lu ~ ,N~,COI ~N~ ~N~ J
27 % 1 7 %
The protected amine (3.2g) dissolved in EtSMe (4 ml) was treated with 4.0 M HCl in dioxane (50 mL) and stirred for 75 minutes. The mixture was poured into a saturated solution of NaHCO3 (200 ml) and an additional 20 g of NaHCO3 was added.
The aqueous mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x200 ml) and the combined organic phases were washed (brine), dried (Na2SO4). Evaporation of the volatilès left the crude deprotected amine (1.35 g, 97~). The crude amine (1.23 g, 4.17 mmols) dissolved in THF (15 ml) and treated successively with a solution of Na2CO3 (885 mg) in water (15 ml) followed by a solution of triphosgene (408 mg, 1.37 mmols). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 19 hours, then poured into water (60 ml) and extracted with CH2Cl2 (4x60 ml). The combined organic phases were washed with HCl 5~ (200 ml), NaHCO3(s) (200 ml), and dried (MgSO4). Purification on silica gel (EtOAC 50~, hexanes 50~) afforded the urea A (745 mg, 27~) CA 022188l6 lss7-ll-lo and the urea B (457 mg, 17~). The stereochemistry at the angular position is arbitrarily assigned.
LiOH H 2~
A solution of the ester (698 mg) in THF (10 ml) was treated with LioH-H2O (74 mg, 1.8 mmols) in water (10 ml). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 60 minutes then poured into 5~ HCl (50 ml) and extracted with CH2Cl2 (4x70 ml) lo and dried (MgSO4). Evaporation of the solvent left the crude carboxylic acid (614 mg, 96~).
I THF/H2O ~ N ~ N
A solution of the ester (418 mg) in THF (10 ml) was treated with LiOH-H2O (161.6 mg, 3.85 mmols) in H2O (10 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was poured into HCl 5~ (50 ml) and extracted with CH2Cl2 (4x70 ml) and dried (MgSO4). Evaporation of the solvent 2n left a residue that was purified on silica gel (1~ AcOH, 99 AcOEt) to afford the pure carboxylic acid (221 mg, 57 WO 96t37497 PCTICA96/00318 ~ ~ I) cl n,N~ DOI': DIEA \~ +h~ N ~ N ~
2) BCI3 ~ ~ N~ O O N~
3) HPLCpurific~tion NH
NH CF,CO,I~ ~--NH CF~CO2H
# 551-36-1 # 551-36-2 A ~ 5% (f~n mo~ing) B l o % (dow movinE ) To a solution of the acid (208 mg, 0.647 mmol) in DMF (3 ml) was added successively DIEA (1 ml), the arginine (277 mg, 0.601 mmol) and a solution of BOP (355 mg, 0.841 mmol) in DMF
(2 ml). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours, then poured into water (130 ml), extracted with EtOAc (3x30 ml). The combined organic phases were washed with citric acid 10~ (90 ml), NaHCO3(s) (90 ml) then brine and dried (Na2SO4). Purification of the foam afforded the amide (190 mg, 63%). The amide was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (10 ml) and treated at -78~C with BCl3 lM (2.8 ml). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours and quenched with dry methanol (3.0 ml) at -78~C. The solution was stirred at room temperature for one hour, then volatiles were evaporated.
Purification by HPLC afforded the pure compound A (62 mg, fast moving component, one pure isomer) and B (44.4 mg, slow moving component, one pure isomer). *Stereochemistry arbitrarily assigned.
In a like manner, compounds 12c and 12d were prepared.
EXAMPLE 6 Thrombin Affinity The affinity of inhibitors for thrombin was measured according to the procedures described in ~DiMaio et al, J. Bio. Chem., 1990, 265:21698) Inhibition of amidolytic activity of human CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo thrombin was measured fluorometrically using Tos-Gly-Pro-Arg-AMC
as a fluorogenic substrate in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.52 at 37~C) containing 0.1 M NaCl and 0.1~ poly(ethylene glycol) 8000 at room temperature, and (Szewczuk et al., Biochemistry, 1992 31:9132).
The hydrolysis of the substrate by thrombin was monitored on a Varian-Cary 200 oTM spectrophotometer in the fluorescence mode (~eX = 383 nm, ~em = 455 nm) or on a Hitachi F2000TM
lo fluorescence spectrophotometer (~eX = 383 nm, ~em = 455 nm), and the fluorescent intensity was calibrated using AMC. The reaction reached a steady-state within 3 minutes after mixing thrombin with the substrate and an inhibitor. The steady-state velocity was then measured for a few minutes. The compounds of this invention were also pre-incubated with thrombin for 20 minutes at room temperature before adding the substrate. The steady-state was achieved within 3 min and measured for a few min. The kinetic data (the steady-state velocity at various concentrations of the substrate and the inhibitors) of the competitive inhibition was analyzed using the methods described by Segel (1975). A non-linear regression program, RNLIN in the IMSL library (IMSL, 1987), LMDER in MINPACK library (More et al., 1980) or MicrosoftTM ExcellTM , was used to estimate the kinetic parameters (Km Vm~ and Ki).
Table 1 Compound Ki ( nM ) 13a 90 13b soo 13c 500 13d looO
12c 460 12d 100 12a 4 0 12b 320
,,~ NH
H N (2H3r) The urea of formula (7) is produced according to the same method as for the bicyclic benzothiazole keto arginine inhibitors (6) with the difference that the N-benzylethanolamine (1) is substituted by N-Benzyl-3-amino-propanol.
EXAMPLE 4 Synthesis of compounds 13a and 13b OH H~O
" (BOC)20 CH2CI2 J
r 2) NMO, TPAP, Ph~NH M.S. 4A, CH2CI2 Ph~NBOC
A solution of the amine (5.32 g, 0.032 mol) in CH2Cl2 (100 ml) was treated with (BOC)2O (7.10 g, 0.038 mol). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours to afford after evaporation of the solvent the crude protected amine (8.25 g, 97~) which was used in the next step without further purification. To the amine (5.18 g, 0.0195 mol) in CH2Cl2 (100 ml) was added powdered 4A M.S. (12.6 g) and treated with NMO
(4 . 21 g, 0.0359 mol) and TPAP (341 mg, 0.972 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, then . 68 CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo filtered on a path of celite. Puri~ication on silica gel (20 EtOAc/80~ hex) afforded the aldehyde (2.76 g, 54~).
H ~ o L-cysteine-OEtHCl BnBOCN ~S
/ K2CO3/Mgso4, HN
BnNBOC ~
O OEt A mixture of the aldehyde (2.76 g, 0.0105 mols), L-cysteine ethyl ester ~ HCl (2.91 g, 15.7 mmols), potassium carbonate (9 g) and magnesium sulphate (9 g) in CH2Cl2 (75 ml) were stirred at room temperature ~or 17 hours. The mixture was poured into NaHCO3(s) (200 ml) and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3x200 ml). The combined organic phases were dried (MgSO4). Puri~ication of the oil on silica gel (20~ EtOAc/80~ hex) af~orded the thio~m; n~l (3.54 g, 86~).
H : H
BnBOCN~ ' S
> 1) 4.0MHCI/dioxane ~ + ~ S
HN ~ 2) Triphosgene, Na2CO3BnN ~f N BnN ~ N
A B
42% 34%
The protected amine (1.87 g, 0.0047 mol) dissolved in EtSMe (4 ml) was treated with 4.0 M HCl in dioxane (50 mL) and stirred for 75 minutes. The mixture was poured into a saturated solution of NaHCO3 (200 ml) and an additional 20 g of NaHCO3 was added. The aqueous mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x200 ml) and the combined organic phases were washed (brine), dried (Na2SO4). Evaporation of the volatiles le~t the crude deprotected amine (1.35 g, 97~). The crude amine (1.23 g, 4.17 mmols) dissolved in THF (15 ml) and treated successively with a solution of Na2CO3 (885 mg) in water (15 CA 022188l6 lss7-ll-lo ml) ~ollowed by a solution o~ triphosgene (408 mg, 1.37 mmols). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 19 hours, then poured into water (60 ml) and extracted with CH2Cl2 (4x60 ml). The combined organic phases were washed with HCl 5~ (200 ml), NaHCO3(s) (200 ml), and dried (MgSO4).
Purification on silica gel afforded the urea A (568 mg, 42~) and the urea B (470 mg, 34~). The stereochemistry at the angular position is arbitrarily assigned.
~ S LiOH- H20 ~~ S
BnN ~ N ~ THF/H,O BnN ~ N
~ O OEt ~ O OH
A solution of the ester (517 mg, 1.61 mmols) in THF (10 ml) was treated with LiOH-H2o (74 mg, 1.8 mmols) in water (10 ml).
The solution was stirred at room temperature for 60 minutes then poured into 5~ HCl (50 ml) and extracted with CH2Cl2 (4x70 ml) and dried (MgSO4). Evaporation of the solvent left the crude carboxylic acid (418 mg, 89~).
H H
1~ s LiOH- H20 ~ S
BnN ~f N THF/H20 BnN ~N ~
~ O OEt ~ O OH
A solution of the ester (432 mg, 1.35 mmols) in THF (10 ml) was treated with LioH-H2O (161.6 mg, 3.85 mmols) in H20 (10 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight.
The mixture was poured into HC1 5~ (50 ml) and extracted with CH2Cl2 (4x70 ml) and dried (MgSO4). Evaporation of the solvent CA 022188l6 lss7-ll-lo le~t a residue that was puri~ied on silica gel (1~ AcOH, 99 AcOEt) to afford the pure carboxylic acid (125 mg, 32~).
~ S I ) Cl H,N ~< ~: BOP: DIEA ~ S ~,_ S
l~nN ~ N ~> I~ BnN ~ N > 13nN ~ N ~>
2) BCI, ~ O~NII~N~ 11 ~ ~
3) HrLC purification NH ~ NH ~
)~ NH CFlCO2H ~ NH CF,CO2H
# 441-143-1 # 441-143-2 A 7.6% (fast monnl ) B 4.7 ~/O (slow monng) To a solution of the acid (310 mg, 1.06 mmol) in DMF (3 ml) was added successively DIEA (1 ml), the arginine (277 mg, 0.601 mmol) and a solution of BOP (355 mg, 0.841 mmol) in DMF
(2 ml). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours, then poured into water (130 ml), extracted with EtOAc (3x30 ml). The combined organic phases were washed with citric acid 10~ (90 ml), NaHCO3(s) (90 ml) then brine and dried (Na2SO4). Purification of the foam afforded the amide (190 mg, 63~). The amide was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (10 ml) and treated at -78~C with BCl3 lM (2.8 ml). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours and quenched with dry methanol (3.0 ml) at -78~C. The solution was stirred at room temperature for one hour, then volatiles were evaporated.
Purification by HPLC afforded the pure compound A (59.8 mg, fast mov.ing component, one pure isomer) and B (37.4 mg, slow moving component, one pure isomer). *Stereochemistry arbitrarily assigned.
In a like manner, the compounds 13c and 3d were prepared.
EXAMPLE S Synthesis of compounds 12a and 12b CA 022188l6 lss7-ll-lo W096l37497 PCTICA96100318 O ~ H 1 ) H 2 ~ PtO 2, ettlanol [~ N ~~~ OH
HzN--~OH ~ [~3 2) (BOC) 2~ DCM BOC
To a solution of the amine (5.0 g, 66.0 mmols) in absolute ethanol (25 ml) was added distilled benzaldehyde (9.0 mL g, 68 mmols). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes and PtO2. (80 mg) was added. The mixture was hydrogenated at 60 psi for 8 hrs at room temperature. The mixture was filtered on celite and volatiles removed. A
portion of the crude oil (5.92 g, 30 6 mmols) was dissolved in 10 DCM and treated with (BOC) 2~ (6.8 g). The solution was stirred for 15 hrs at room temperature. Volatiles were removed i~ vacuo and the oil purified on silica gel (EtOAc30%, hexanes 70%) to afford the protected amine (6.40 g; 71%).
N--~--OH PCC, AcONa ~ N ~O
BOC MS 4 A, DCM . EtOC
To a solution of the alcohol (6.21 g, 21.1 mmols) in DCM (200 ml) was added successively sodium acetate (2.6 g)and powdered M . S 4 A (7.0 g). The mixture was cooled to 0 ~C then PCC (6.9 g; 32 mmols) was added. The mixture was stirred at O ~C for 45 minutes then at room temperature for 1 hour. The mixture was filtered through florisil and washed several times with DCM.
Evaporation of the solvent left an oil that was purified on silica gel (EtOAc20~, hexanes 80%) to afford the aldehyde (2.85 g; 46%).
H
¦~~ N ~~ L-cyste~e-OEt ~ ~ N ~~ S >
~ BOC tC2C03, M~S04 . OCM ~J 30C CO2Et CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo A mixture of the aldehyde (2.71 g, 9.30 mmols), L-cysteine ethyl ester ~ HCl (2.91 g, 15.7 mmols), potassium carbonate (9 g) and magnesium sulphate (9 g) in CH2Cl2 (75 ml) were stirred at room temperature for 17 hours. The mixture was poured into NaHCO3(s) (200 ml) and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3x200 ml). The combined organic phases were dried (MgSO4). Purification of the oil Oll silica gel (20~ EtOAc/80~ hex) afforded the thio~ml n~l (3.62 g, 92~).
BOC S 1) 40MHCI/dioxane ~ H ~ H
HN 2) T.; Lu ~ ,N~,COI ~N~ ~N~ J
27 % 1 7 %
The protected amine (3.2g) dissolved in EtSMe (4 ml) was treated with 4.0 M HCl in dioxane (50 mL) and stirred for 75 minutes. The mixture was poured into a saturated solution of NaHCO3 (200 ml) and an additional 20 g of NaHCO3 was added.
The aqueous mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x200 ml) and the combined organic phases were washed (brine), dried (Na2SO4). Evaporation of the volatilès left the crude deprotected amine (1.35 g, 97~). The crude amine (1.23 g, 4.17 mmols) dissolved in THF (15 ml) and treated successively with a solution of Na2CO3 (885 mg) in water (15 ml) followed by a solution of triphosgene (408 mg, 1.37 mmols). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 19 hours, then poured into water (60 ml) and extracted with CH2Cl2 (4x60 ml). The combined organic phases were washed with HCl 5~ (200 ml), NaHCO3(s) (200 ml), and dried (MgSO4). Purification on silica gel (EtOAC 50~, hexanes 50~) afforded the urea A (745 mg, 27~) CA 022188l6 lss7-ll-lo and the urea B (457 mg, 17~). The stereochemistry at the angular position is arbitrarily assigned.
LiOH H 2~
A solution of the ester (698 mg) in THF (10 ml) was treated with LioH-H2O (74 mg, 1.8 mmols) in water (10 ml). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 60 minutes then poured into 5~ HCl (50 ml) and extracted with CH2Cl2 (4x70 ml) lo and dried (MgSO4). Evaporation of the solvent left the crude carboxylic acid (614 mg, 96~).
I THF/H2O ~ N ~ N
A solution of the ester (418 mg) in THF (10 ml) was treated with LiOH-H2O (161.6 mg, 3.85 mmols) in H2O (10 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was poured into HCl 5~ (50 ml) and extracted with CH2Cl2 (4x70 ml) and dried (MgSO4). Evaporation of the solvent 2n left a residue that was purified on silica gel (1~ AcOH, 99 AcOEt) to afford the pure carboxylic acid (221 mg, 57 WO 96t37497 PCTICA96/00318 ~ ~ I) cl n,N~ DOI': DIEA \~ +h~ N ~ N ~
2) BCI3 ~ ~ N~ O O N~
3) HPLCpurific~tion NH
NH CF,CO,I~ ~--NH CF~CO2H
# 551-36-1 # 551-36-2 A ~ 5% (f~n mo~ing) B l o % (dow movinE ) To a solution of the acid (208 mg, 0.647 mmol) in DMF (3 ml) was added successively DIEA (1 ml), the arginine (277 mg, 0.601 mmol) and a solution of BOP (355 mg, 0.841 mmol) in DMF
(2 ml). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours, then poured into water (130 ml), extracted with EtOAc (3x30 ml). The combined organic phases were washed with citric acid 10~ (90 ml), NaHCO3(s) (90 ml) then brine and dried (Na2SO4). Purification of the foam afforded the amide (190 mg, 63%). The amide was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (10 ml) and treated at -78~C with BCl3 lM (2.8 ml). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours and quenched with dry methanol (3.0 ml) at -78~C. The solution was stirred at room temperature for one hour, then volatiles were evaporated.
Purification by HPLC afforded the pure compound A (62 mg, fast moving component, one pure isomer) and B (44.4 mg, slow moving component, one pure isomer). *Stereochemistry arbitrarily assigned.
In a like manner, compounds 12c and 12d were prepared.
EXAMPLE 6 Thrombin Affinity The affinity of inhibitors for thrombin was measured according to the procedures described in ~DiMaio et al, J. Bio. Chem., 1990, 265:21698) Inhibition of amidolytic activity of human CA 022l88l6 lss7-ll-lo thrombin was measured fluorometrically using Tos-Gly-Pro-Arg-AMC
as a fluorogenic substrate in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.52 at 37~C) containing 0.1 M NaCl and 0.1~ poly(ethylene glycol) 8000 at room temperature, and (Szewczuk et al., Biochemistry, 1992 31:9132).
The hydrolysis of the substrate by thrombin was monitored on a Varian-Cary 200 oTM spectrophotometer in the fluorescence mode (~eX = 383 nm, ~em = 455 nm) or on a Hitachi F2000TM
lo fluorescence spectrophotometer (~eX = 383 nm, ~em = 455 nm), and the fluorescent intensity was calibrated using AMC. The reaction reached a steady-state within 3 minutes after mixing thrombin with the substrate and an inhibitor. The steady-state velocity was then measured for a few minutes. The compounds of this invention were also pre-incubated with thrombin for 20 minutes at room temperature before adding the substrate. The steady-state was achieved within 3 min and measured for a few min. The kinetic data (the steady-state velocity at various concentrations of the substrate and the inhibitors) of the competitive inhibition was analyzed using the methods described by Segel (1975). A non-linear regression program, RNLIN in the IMSL library (IMSL, 1987), LMDER in MINPACK library (More et al., 1980) or MicrosoftTM ExcellTM , was used to estimate the kinetic parameters (Km Vm~ and Ki).
Table 1 Compound Ki ( nM ) 13a 90 13b soo 13c 500 13d looO
12c 460 12d 100 12a 4 0 12b 320
Claims (20)
1. A compound of formula (I):
wherein:
X is selected from CH-R5, O, S, SO, SO2 and NR9 wherein R5 is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl optionally interrupted with 1 or 2 heteroatoms; C6-16 aryl, C3-7 cycloalkyl or heterocyclic ring or a hydrophobic group;
R2 is selected from H, NH2 and C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with C6 aryl, a 6 member heterocycle or a C3-7 cycloalkyl ring;
R3 and R4 are independently selected from H; NR6R7; C6-16 aryl or C3-7 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with C1-6 alkyl; C1-16 alkyl optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatom or carbonyl group and optionally substituted with OH, SH, NR6R7 or a C5-16 aryl, heterocycle or C3-7 cycloalkyl group optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxyl, C1-6 alkyl; an amino acid side chain; and a hydrophobic group;
R6 is a polar amino acid residue, arginyl moiety or an analog or derivative thereof optionally substituted with an amino acid, a peptide or a heterocycle;
R7 and R8 are independently hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl;
m is an integer between 0 and 2; and n is an integer between 0 and 2.
wherein:
X is selected from CH-R5, O, S, SO, SO2 and NR9 wherein R5 is hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl optionally interrupted with 1 or 2 heteroatoms; C6-16 aryl, C3-7 cycloalkyl or heterocyclic ring or a hydrophobic group;
R2 is selected from H, NH2 and C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with C6 aryl, a 6 member heterocycle or a C3-7 cycloalkyl ring;
R3 and R4 are independently selected from H; NR6R7; C6-16 aryl or C3-7 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with C1-6 alkyl; C1-16 alkyl optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatom or carbonyl group and optionally substituted with OH, SH, NR6R7 or a C5-16 aryl, heterocycle or C3-7 cycloalkyl group optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxyl, C1-6 alkyl; an amino acid side chain; and a hydrophobic group;
R6 is a polar amino acid residue, arginyl moiety or an analog or derivative thereof optionally substituted with an amino acid, a peptide or a heterocycle;
R7 and R8 are independently hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl;
m is an integer between 0 and 2; and n is an integer between 0 and 2.
2. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R6 is one of formula VIa to VId:
VIa VIb VIc VId wherein:
R11 is hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl;
K is a bond or -NH-;
G is C1-4 alkoxy; cyano; -NH2; -CH2-NH2; -C(NH)-NH2; -NH-C(NH)-NH2; -CH2-NH-C(NH)-NH2; a C6 cycloalkyl or aryl substituted with cyano, -NH2, -CH2-NH2, -C (NH)-NH2, -NH-C(NH)-NH2 or -CH2-NH-C(NH)-NH2; or a 5 or 6 member, saturated or unsaturated heterocycle optionally substituted with cyano, -NH2, -CH2-NH2, -C(NH) -NH2, -NH-C(NH)-NH2 or -CH2-NH-C(NH)-NH2;
U is cyano, -NH2, -C(NH)-NH2 or -NH-C(NH)-NH2;
P is a bond, -C(O)- or a bivalent group:
, , , or J is C1-6 alkylene optionally substituted with OH, NH2 and C1-6 alkyl and optionally interrupted by a heteroatom selected from O, S and N;
n is 0 or 1; and T is H, OH, amino, a peptide chain, C1-16 alkyl, C1-l6 alkoxy, C6-20 aralkyl, or heterocycle optionally substituted.
VIa VIb VIc VId wherein:
R11 is hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl;
K is a bond or -NH-;
G is C1-4 alkoxy; cyano; -NH2; -CH2-NH2; -C(NH)-NH2; -NH-C(NH)-NH2; -CH2-NH-C(NH)-NH2; a C6 cycloalkyl or aryl substituted with cyano, -NH2, -CH2-NH2, -C (NH)-NH2, -NH-C(NH)-NH2 or -CH2-NH-C(NH)-NH2; or a 5 or 6 member, saturated or unsaturated heterocycle optionally substituted with cyano, -NH2, -CH2-NH2, -C(NH) -NH2, -NH-C(NH)-NH2 or -CH2-NH-C(NH)-NH2;
U is cyano, -NH2, -C(NH)-NH2 or -NH-C(NH)-NH2;
P is a bond, -C(O)- or a bivalent group:
, , , or J is C1-6 alkylene optionally substituted with OH, NH2 and C1-6 alkyl and optionally interrupted by a heteroatom selected from O, S and N;
n is 0 or 1; and T is H, OH, amino, a peptide chain, C1-16 alkyl, C1-l6 alkoxy, C6-20 aralkyl, or heterocycle optionally substituted.
3. A compound according to claim 2, wherein T is a heterocycle selected from the group consisting of:
wherein X5, X10, X11 and X12 are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, or C-X7 where X7 is hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl, or C5-8 aryl;
X6 and X13 are each independently selected from the group consisting of C, O, N, S, N-X7, or CH-X7; and R' is hydrogen, C1-16 alkyl optionally carboxyl substituted, carboxyl, -C0-l6 alkyl-CO2-C1-16 alkyl, C6-20 aralkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, aryl or an aromatic heterocycle.
wherein X5, X10, X11 and X12 are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, or C-X7 where X7 is hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl, or C5-8 aryl;
X6 and X13 are each independently selected from the group consisting of C, O, N, S, N-X7, or CH-X7; and R' is hydrogen, C1-16 alkyl optionally carboxyl substituted, carboxyl, -C0-l6 alkyl-CO2-C1-16 alkyl, C6-20 aralkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, aryl or an aromatic heterocycle.
4. A compound according to claim 3, wherein T is selected from the group consisting of:
wherein R' is hydrogen, C1-16 alkyl optionally carboxyl substituted, carboxyl, -C0-l6 alkyl-CO2-C1-16 alkyl, C6-20 aralkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, aryl or an aromatic heterocycle.
wherein R' is hydrogen, C1-16 alkyl optionally carboxyl substituted, carboxyl, -C0-l6 alkyl-CO2-C1-16 alkyl, C6-20 aralkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, aryl or an aromatic heterocycle.
5. A compound according to claim 4, wherein T is selected from:
or wherein R' is hydrogen, C1-16 alkyl optionally carboxyl substituted, carboxyl, -C0-l6 alkyl-CO2-C1-16 alkyl, C6-20 aralkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, aryl or an aromatic heterocycle.
or wherein R' is hydrogen, C1-16 alkyl optionally carboxyl substituted, carboxyl, -C0-l6 alkyl-CO2-C1-16 alkyl, C6-20 aralkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, aryl or an aromatic heterocycle.
6. A compound according to claim 1, wherein one of R3 and R4 is a hydrophobic group selected from C1-20 alkyl, C2-20 alkenyl or C2-20 alkynyl optionally interrupted by a carbonyl group, C6-16 aryl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, C6-20 aralkyl, C6-20 cycloalkyl substituted C1-20 alkyl, wherein the aliphatic portion is optionally interrupted by a carbonyl group and the ring portion is optionally substituted with C1-6 alkyl; and a hydrophobic amino acid side chain.
7. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R4 is H.
8. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R3 is H.
9. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R2 is H.
10. A compound according to claim 9, wherein X is S, m is 0 and n is 1.
11. A compound according to claim 9, wherein X is S, m is 0 and n is 0.
12. A compound according to claim 9, wherein m is 1 and n is 0.
13. A compound according to claim 9, wherein m is 1 and n is 1.
14. A compound according to claim 1, selected from:
6-benzyl-5-oxo-hexahydro-imidazo[5,1-b]thiazole-3-carboxylic acid [1-(benzothiaozle-2-carbonyl)-4-guanidino-butyl]-amide;
6-benzyl-5-oxo-hexahydro-thiazolo(3,2-c)pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid (4-guanidino-1-(benzothiazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl)-amide;
6-(para-tBu-phenylmethyl)-5-oxo-hexahydro-imidazo[5,1-b]thiazole-3-carboxylic acid [1-(benzothiaozle-2-carbonyl)-4-guanidino-butyl]-amide;
6-(3-phenyl-prop-2-enyl)-5-oxo-hexahydro-imidazo[5,1-b]thiazole-3-carboxylic acid [1-(benzothiaozle-2-carbonyl)-4-guanidino-butyl]-amide;
6-(cyclohexylmethyl)-5-oxo-hexahydro-imidazo[5,1-b]thiazole-3-carboxylic acid [1-(benzothiaozle-2-carbonyl)-4-guanidino-butyl]-amide;
6-(2-trifluoromethyl quinolin-7-yl)-5-oxo-hexahydro-thiazolo(3,2-c)pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid (4-guanidino-1-(thiazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl)-amide;
6-phenylpropyl-5-oxo-hexahydro-thiazolo(3,2-c)pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid (4-guanidino-1-(thiazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl)-amide; and 6-benzyl-5-oxo-hexahydro-thiazolo(3,2-c)pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid (4-guanidino-1-(thiazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl)-amide.
6-benzyl-5-oxo-hexahydro-imidazo[5,1-b]thiazole-3-carboxylic acid [1-(benzothiaozle-2-carbonyl)-4-guanidino-butyl]-amide;
6-benzyl-5-oxo-hexahydro-thiazolo(3,2-c)pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid (4-guanidino-1-(benzothiazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl)-amide;
6-(para-tBu-phenylmethyl)-5-oxo-hexahydro-imidazo[5,1-b]thiazole-3-carboxylic acid [1-(benzothiaozle-2-carbonyl)-4-guanidino-butyl]-amide;
6-(3-phenyl-prop-2-enyl)-5-oxo-hexahydro-imidazo[5,1-b]thiazole-3-carboxylic acid [1-(benzothiaozle-2-carbonyl)-4-guanidino-butyl]-amide;
6-(cyclohexylmethyl)-5-oxo-hexahydro-imidazo[5,1-b]thiazole-3-carboxylic acid [1-(benzothiaozle-2-carbonyl)-4-guanidino-butyl]-amide;
6-(2-trifluoromethyl quinolin-7-yl)-5-oxo-hexahydro-thiazolo(3,2-c)pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid (4-guanidino-1-(thiazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl)-amide;
6-phenylpropyl-5-oxo-hexahydro-thiazolo(3,2-c)pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid (4-guanidino-1-(thiazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl)-amide; and 6-benzyl-5-oxo-hexahydro-thiazolo(3,2-c)pyrimidine-3-carboxylic acid (4-guanidino-1-(thiazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl)-amide.
15. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of thrombotic disorders in a mammal, comprising administering to said mammal an effective amount of a compound according to claim 1.
16. A method according to claim 15, wherein said thrombotic disorder is venous thrombosis.
17. A method according to claim 15, wherein said thrombotic disorder is a pulmonary embolism.
18. A method according to claim 15, wherein said thrombotic disorder is arterial thrombosis.
19. A method according to claim 15, wherein said thrombotic disorder is myocardial infarction.
20. A method according to claim 15, wherein said thrombotic disorder is cerebral infarction.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9510264.6A GB9510264D0 (en) | 1995-05-22 | 1995-05-22 | Low molecular weight bicyclic-urea type thrombin inhibitors |
| GB9510264.6 | 1995-05-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2218816A1 true CA2218816A1 (en) | 1996-11-28 |
Family
ID=10774799
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002218816A Abandoned CA2218816A1 (en) | 1995-05-22 | 1996-05-22 | Low molecular weight bicyclic-urea type thrombin inhibitors |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0846120A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH11505260A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU5682596A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2218816A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB9510264D0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996037497A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA964090B (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1998028326A1 (en) * | 1996-12-23 | 1998-07-02 | Biochem Pharma Inc. | Bicyclic thrombin inhibitors |
| US6323219B1 (en) | 1998-04-02 | 2001-11-27 | Ortho-Mcneil Pharmaceutical, Inc. | Methods for treating immunomediated inflammatory disorders |
| US8106094B2 (en) | 1998-07-06 | 2012-01-31 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. | Compositions and methods for treating skin conditions |
| US8093293B2 (en) | 1998-07-06 | 2012-01-10 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. | Methods for treating skin conditions |
| YU61401A (en) | 1999-01-27 | 2005-07-19 | Orto-Mcneil Pharmaceuticals Inc. U.S. | Peptidyl heterocyclic ketones useful as tryptase inhibitors |
| US8431550B2 (en) | 2000-10-27 | 2013-04-30 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. | Topical anti-cancer compositions and methods of use thereof |
| US7192615B2 (en) | 2001-02-28 | 2007-03-20 | J&J Consumer Companies, Inc. | Compositions containing legume products |
| CN1652810A (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2005-08-10 | Gpc生物科技股份公司 | Immunosuppressant compounds, methods and uses related thereto |
| ES2819218T3 (en) | 2014-10-06 | 2021-04-15 | Cortexyme Inc | Gingipain lysine inhibitors |
| EP3374352A4 (en) | 2015-11-09 | 2019-10-02 | Cortexyme, Inc. | Inhibitors of arginine gingipain |
| WO2018053353A1 (en) | 2016-09-16 | 2018-03-22 | Cortexyme, Inc. | Ketone inhibitors of lysine gingipain |
-
1995
- 1995-05-22 GB GBGB9510264.6A patent/GB9510264D0/en active Pending
-
1996
- 1996-05-22 CA CA002218816A patent/CA2218816A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-05-22 EP EP96914817A patent/EP0846120A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-05-22 ZA ZA964090A patent/ZA964090B/en unknown
- 1996-05-22 JP JP8535221A patent/JPH11505260A/en active Pending
- 1996-05-22 WO PCT/CA1996/000318 patent/WO1996037497A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-05-22 AU AU56825/96A patent/AU5682596A/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0846120A1 (en) | 1998-06-10 |
| GB9510264D0 (en) | 1995-07-19 |
| AU5682596A (en) | 1996-12-11 |
| JPH11505260A (en) | 1999-05-18 |
| WO1996037497A1 (en) | 1996-11-28 |
| ZA964090B (en) | 1997-05-13 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| AU715378B2 (en) | Low molecular weight bicyclic thrombin inhibitors | |
| US5750520A (en) | Antithrombotic amidinophenylalanine and amidinopyridylalanine derivatives | |
| EP2855452B1 (en) | Substituted pyrrolidines as factor xia inhibitors for the treatment of thromboembolic diseases | |
| WO1998009987A1 (en) | Lactam inhibitors of thrombin | |
| EP0994892A1 (en) | SELECTIVE FACTOR Xa INHIBITORS | |
| SK82198A3 (en) | Prodrugs of thrombin inhibitors | |
| CA2268281A1 (en) | Selective factor xa inhibitors | |
| US5798352A (en) | Antithrombotic amidinotetrahydropyridylalanine derivatives | |
| US6124291A (en) | Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione serine protease inhibitors | |
| AU743544B2 (en) | Selective factor Xa inhibitors | |
| CA2218816A1 (en) | Low molecular weight bicyclic-urea type thrombin inhibitors | |
| AU6962398A (en) | Selective factor xa inhibitors | |
| NZ500352A (en) | Cyclic diaza selective factor Xa inhibitors | |
| KR20060021900A (en) | Analapril-nitroxyderivatives derivatives and related compounds as ace inhibitors for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases | |
| WO1998028326A9 (en) | Bicyclic thrombin inhibitors | |
| WO1998028326A1 (en) | Bicyclic thrombin inhibitors | |
| US6057314A (en) | Low molecular weight bicyclic thrombin inhibitors | |
| US6218382B1 (en) | Selective factor Xa inhibitors | |
| AU753842B2 (en) | Selective factor Xa inhibitors | |
| MXPA00001443A (en) | SELECTIVE FACTOR Xa INHIBITORS | |
| AU9713401A (en) | Heterocyclic derivatives as factor Xa inhibitors | |
| LT4368B (en) | Low molecular weight bicyclic thrombin inhibitors |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |