CA2210345A1

CA2210345A1 - Emulsifiers

Info

Publication number: CA2210345A1
Application number: CA002210345A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Achim Ansmann; Rolf Kawa; Michael Nitsche; Helga Gondek
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Priority date: 1995-11-15
Filing date: 1996-11-06
Publication date: 1997-05-22
Also published as: CN1168107A; JP4121532B2; JPH10512897A; JP4940387B2; JP2006290902A; WO1997018033A1; EP0804280B1; PL320734A1; KR970706878A; ID16470A; EP0804280A1; ATE357286T1; DE59611423D1; AU7565896A; ES2284174T3; JP2008150398A; JP4121149B2

Abstract

The invention relates to novel emulsifying agents containing (a) 43 to 99 % by weight of alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides and (b) 1 to 57 % by weight of fatty alcohols, provided that the components add up to 100 % by weight. The emulsifying agents are particularly suitable for producing stabilised, highly viscous oil-in-water emulsions of a light feel.

Description

CA 0221034~ 1997-07-14 Hen]~el KGaA
TTP-Patentabteilung/Dr. Fabry 462/72-APG/COS
10th November, 1995 Patent Application EmUlF~ifierR

Field of the Invention This invention relates to new emulsifiers with defined contents of alkyl glycosides and alcohols, to processes for their production and to the use of the emu]sifiers for the production of cosmetic and/or 5 pharmaceutical formulations.

Prior Art The use of mixtures of 10 to 40% by weight of alkyl oligoglucosides, 60 to 90% by weight of fatty alcohols 10 and optionally polyglucose for the production of emul-sions is known from EP-B1 0 553 241 (SEPPIC). According to ~he teaching of International patent application WO
92/07543 (Henkel), alkyl oligoglucosides may be used together with fatty alcohols and partial glycerides as 15 cosmetic emulsifiers.
However, it has been found that the known glucoside/ fatty alcohol emulsifiers have to be used in relatively large quantities for the production of high-viscosity o/w creams. However, high wax concentrations, 20 i.e. large quantities of the emulsifier mixture, represent an unwanted burden on the skin, particularly in cases where sensorially light products are required.
Accordingly, the problem addressed by the present invention was to provide emulsifiers, preferably for the 25 production of high-viscosity o/w emulsions, which would enable more stable, but at the same time sensorially lighter products to be produced with a reduced quantity CA 0221034~ 1997-07-14 H 2~73 2 of waxes by comparison with the known products.

Description of the Invention The present invention relates to emulsi~iers con-5 taininga) 43 to go and preferably 45 to 55% by weight o~
alk~l and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides and b) 10 to 57 and preferably 45 to 55% by weight of fatty alcohols, 10 with the proviso that the components add up to 100% by weight.
- It has surprisingly been found that not only do mixtures of alkyl glycosides and fatty alcohols, which contain the two components in exactly the opposite ratio 15 by weight to known products, have equally high emulsi~y-ing power, o/w emulsions of significantly higher vis-cosity can also be produced with comparable quantities of emulsifier. Conversely, o/w emulsions o~ comparable viscosity can be produced with sm~ r quantities of the 20 new emulsifiers so that the required sensorially lighter products can be obtained through the reduced ~uantity o~
waxes. The invention includes the observation that particularly viscous and sensorially advantageous emul-sions showing high stability in storage can be obtained 25 using hydrophilic waxes, preferably fatty acid partial glycerides.

Alkyl and/or alkenyl oliqoqlycosides Alkyl and alkenyl oligoglycosides are known 30 nonionic surfactants corresponding to formula (I):

R1O-[G]p (I) in which R1 is an optionally hydroxysubstituted, linear 35 or branched alkyl and/or alkenyl radical containing 4 to CA 0221034~ 1997-07-14 .

54 carbon atom~, G is a sugar unit containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms and p is a number of 1 to 10. They may be obtained by the relevant method~ of preparative organic chemistry. EP-A1 0 301 298 and WO 90/03977 are cited as 5 representative of the extensive literature available on the subject.
The alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides may be derived from aldoses or ketoses cont~1n'ng 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably glucose. Accordingly, the preferred 10 alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides are alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglucosideR.
The index p in general formula (I) indicates the degree of oligomerization (DP), i.e. the distribution of mon3- and oligoglycosides, and is a number of 1 to 10.
15 Whereas p in a given compound must always be an integer and, above all, may assume a value of 1 to 6, the value p for a certain alkyl oligoglycoside is an analytically determined calculated quantity which is generally a broken number. Alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides 20 having an average degree of oligomerization p of 1.1 to 3.0 are preferably used. Alkyl and/or alkenyl oligo-glycosides having a degree of oligomerization of less than 1.7 and, more particularly, between 1.2 and 1.4 are preferred from the applicational point of view.
The alkyl or alkenyl radical R1 may be derived from primary alcohols containing 4 to 11 and preferably 8 to 10 carbon atoms. Typical examples are butanol, caproic alcohol, caprylic alcohol, capric alcohol and undecyl alcohol and the technical mixtures thereof obtained, for 30 example, in the hydrogenation of technical fatty acid methyl esters or in the hydrogenation of aldehydes from Roelen's oxosynthesis. Alkyl oligoglucosides having a chain length of C8 to C10 (DP = 1 to 3), which are obtained a~ first runnings in the separation of CA 0221034~ 1997-07-14 -technical C818 coconut oil ~atty alcohol by distillation and which may contain less than 6% by weight of Cl2 alcohol as an impurity, and also alkyl oligoglucosides based on technical Cg/ll oxoalcohols (DP = 1 to 3) are 5 preferred.
In addition, the alkyl or alkenyl radical R1 may also be derived ~rom primary alcohols containing 12 to 22 and preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms. Typical examples are lauryl alcohol, isotridecyl alcohol, lO myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, isocetyl alcohol, palmitoleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, ricinolyl alcohol, hydroxystearyl alcohol, dihydroxystearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, elaidyl alcohol, petroselinyl alcohol, arachyl alcohol, gadoleyl 15 alcohol, behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol, brassidyl alcohol and technical mixtures thereof which may be obtained as described above. Guerbet alcohols containing 12 to 36 carbon atoms and technical dimerdiol and trimertriol mixtures containing 18 to 36 or 18 to 54 20 carbon atoms may also be used. Alkyl oligoglucosides based on cetostearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol and/or Guerbet alcohols, preferably containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms, with a DP of 1 to 3 are preferred.

25 Fatty alcohols Fatty alcohols in the context o~ the invention are understood to be primary aliphatic alcohols corresponding to formula (II):
30 R20]~ (II) in which R~ is an aliphatic, linear or branched, optionally hydroxy-substituted hydrocarbon radical containing 6 to 54 carbon atoms and O and/or 1, 2 or 3 35 double bonds. Typical examples are caproic alcohol, CA 0221034~ 1997-07-14 -H 2~73 5 cap]~ylic alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, capric alcohol, lauryl alcohol, isotridecyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, isocetyl alcohol, palmitoleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, 5 elaidyl alcohol, petroselinyl alcohol, linolyl alcohol, linolenyl alcohol, elaeostearyl alcohol, ricinolyl alcohol, hydroxystearyl alcohol, dihydroxystearyl alcohol, arachyl alcohol, gadoleyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol and brassidyl alcohol and the 10 tec].lnical mixtures thereo~ which are obtained, for example, in the high-pressure hydrogenation of technical methyl esters based on fats and oils or aldehydes from Roelen's oxosynthesis and which accumulate as monomer fraction in the dimerization of unsaturated fatty 15 alcohols. Other examples are the Guerbet alcohols based on fatty alcohols containing 6 to 18 carbon atoms and technical dimerdiols and trimertriols containing 18 to 36 or 18 to 54 carbon atoms which emanate from the oligomerization and subsequent hydrogenation of 20 unsaturated fatty acids.
Technical fatty alcohols containing 16 to 18 carbon atoms, for example cetostearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol and Guerbet alcohols of corresponding chain length are preferred. According to the invention, it is 25 of particular advantage to use mixtures of alkyl oligo-glucosides and fatty alcohols which contain identical alkyl radicals, i.e. for example mixtures of cetearyl oligoglucosides and cetearyl alcohol, isostearyl oligo-glucosides and isostearyl alcohol or Guerbet alkyl 30 oligoglucosides and the corresponding Guerbet alcohol~.

Production Processes To produce the emulsifiers according to the inven-tion, commercial aqueous glucoside pastes, for example, CA 0221034~ 1997-07-14 -may be mixed with fatty alcohols in the required ratio and~ if desired, the resulting mixture may be completely or partly freed from water.
However, the emulsifiers according to the invention 5 are pre~erably produced from the technical glucoside/
fatly alcohol mixtures which are formed in the production of alkyl oligoglucosides by acid-catalyzed acetalization of glucose with fatty alcohol in excess.
These mixtures normally contain around 60 to 80% by 10 weight of ~atty alcohol and 20 to 40% by weight of glucosides. Basically, the relatively high glucoside content can be established by two methods: either the fatty alcohol component is depleted to the required extent by a subsequent distillation-based treatment in a 15 thin-layer or falling-film evaporator or the glucoside component is increased by - preferably - water-free glucosides which in turn can be prepared from aqueous pastes by drying with superheated steam or by the removal of water in a ~lash dryer. Both variants are 20 further subjects of the present invention.
In one preferred embodiment of the invention, glucose and cetyl alcohol are acetalized in known manner, excess fatty alcohol is completely or predominantly removed and stearyl alcohol and/or 25 isostearyl alcohol is/are added in the required amount.
If necessary, any polyglucose formed may be removed by means of membranes.
Another preferred process for the production o~ the emulsifiers according to the invention is characterized 30 in that glucose or starch sirup is first reacted with a short-chain alcohol, for example butanol or a head-~rac-tionated fatty alcohol containing 6 to 10 carbon atoms, to form a lower alkyl glucoside which is then transace-talized with the required long-chain fatty alcohol, CA 0221034~ 1997-07-14 , preferably cetearyl alcohol.~ The product of this reac-tion may then be further worked up as described above.

C~mm~rcial Application~
The emulsifiers accordlng to the invention enable stable o/w emulsions to be produced. In contrast to known emulsifiers, which have a higher fatty alcohol content and a lower glucoslde content, highly viscous creams, for example, may even be produced with low wax 10 concentrations which results in a significant improvement in the ~ensorial propertie~ of the product.
Accordingly, the present invention also relates to the use of the new emulsifiers for the production of cosmetlc and/or pharmaceutical formulations.
Hydrophilic waxes In one preferred embodiment of the invention, the new emulsifier mixtures are used together with consis-tency-imparting hydrophilic waxes. These hydrophilic 20 waxes are solid at room temperature and contain free hydroxyl groups. Typical~ examples are fatty acid partial glycerides, i.e. technical monoesters and/or diesters of glycerol with fatty acids containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms, such as for example, glycerol 25 mono/dilaurate, palmitate or stearate. Fatty alcohols, for example technical fatty alcohols containing 12 to 22 carbon atoms, namely cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol or cetearyl alcohol, may also be used. The hydrophilic waxes are preferably used in quantities of 10 to 30% by 30 weight and preferably in quantities of 2.5 to 10~ by weight, based on the emulsifiers.
Advantageous mixtures of the emulsifier components (a) and (b) and hydrophilic waxes (c), which represent another subject of the present invention, have the fol:Lowing compositions for example:
(a) 25 to 45% by weight o~ alkyl and/or alkenyl oligo-glycosides, (b) 25 to 45% by weight of fatty alcohols and 5 (c) 10 to 50% by weight of hydrophilic waxes, for example fatty acid partial glycerides, again with the proviso that the quantities add up to 100% by weight.

CA 0221034~ 1997-07-14 .

Oil~3 The emulsifiers according to the invention are ~uitable for the production of emulsions of the o/w type. Suitable oils are, for example, Guerbet alcohols 5 based on fatty alcohols containing 6 to 18 and preferably 8 to 10 carbon atoms, esters of linear C620 fatty acids with linear C620 fatty alcohols, esters of branched C613 carboxylic acids with linear C620 fatty alcohols, esters of linear C618 fatty acids with branched 10 alcohols, more particularly 2-ethyl hexanol, esters of linear and/or branched fatty acids with polyhydric alcohols (for example dimer diol or trimer diol) and/or Guerbet alcohols, triglycerides based on C610 fatty acids, vegetable oils, branched primary alcohol~, 15 substituted cyclohexanes, Guerbet carbonates, dialkyl ethers and/or aliphatic or naphthenic hydrocarbons; also silicone oils, dimethicones or cyclomethicones. The oil may make up 5 to 99% by weight and preferably 10 to 75%
by weight of the non-a~ueous component of the emulsions.
Surfactants The emulsions obtainable with the emulsifiers according to the invention may contain anionic, noni.onic, cationic and/or amphoteric or zwitterionic 25 surfactants as constituents.
Typical examples of anionic ~urfactant~ are alkyl-benzenesulfonates, alkanesulfonates, olefin sulfonates, alkylether sulfonates, glycerol ether sulfonates, a-methyl ester sulfonates, sulfofatty acids, 30 alkylsulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, glycerol ether sulfates, hydroxy mixed ether sulfates, monoglyceride (ether) sulfates, fatty acid amide (ether) sulfates, mono- and dialkyl sulfosuccinates, mono- and dialkyl sulfosuccinamates, sulfotriglycerides, amide CA 022l034~ l997-07-l4 soaps, ether carboxylic acids and salts thereof, fatty acid isethionates, fatty acid sarcosinates, fatty acid tauxide~q, acyl lactylateq, acyl tartrates, acyl glutamates, acyl aspartates, alkyl oligoglucoside 5 ~qulfateq, protein fatty acid conden~qate~q (particularly wheat-based vegetable products) and alkyl (et]~er) phosphates. If the anionic surfactants contain polyglycol ether ch~ ~ n.q, they may have a conventional homolog distribution although they preferably have a 10 narrow-range homolog distribution.
Typical example~q of nonionic surfactants are fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, fatty acid polyglycol esters, fatty acid amide polyglycol ethers, fatty amine polyglycol ethers, 15 alkoxylated triglycerides, mixed ethers and mixed formal~q, fatty acid N-alkyl glucamides, protein hydrolyzates (particularly wheat-ba~qed vegetable products), polyol fatty acid esters, sugar esters, sorbitan esters, polysorbates and amine oxides. If the 20 nonionic surfactants contain polyglycol ether ~h~n.q, they may have a conventional homolog distribution, although they preferably have a narrow-range homolog distribution.
Typical examples of cationic surfactants are 25 quaternary ammonium compounds and esterquats, more particularly quaternized fatty acid trialkanolamine ester salts. Typical examples of amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants are alkylbetaines, alkylamidobetaine~q, aminopropionates, aminoglycinates, 30 imidazolinium betaines and sulfobetaines.
The surfactants mentioned are all known compound~q.
Information on their structure and production can be found in relevant synoptic works, cf. for example J.
Falbe (ed.), "Surfactants in Consumer Products", CA 0221034~ 1997-07-14 Spr.inger Verlag, Berlin, 1987, pages 54 to 124 or J.
Falbe (ed.), "Katalysatoren, Tenside und Mineraloladditive (Catalysts, Surfactants and Mineral Oil Additives)", Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1978, pages 5 123-217.
Other Auxiliaries and Additives The emulsions may be used as skin-care formulations, for example day creams, night creams, care creams, nourishing creams, body lotions, emollients and 10 the like and may contain co-emulsifiers, cationic polymers, silicones, superfatting agents, fats, wa~es, stabilizers, biogenic agents, glycerol, preservatives, dyes and fragrances as further auxiliaries and additives.
Suitable co-emul~i~iers are nonionic, ampholytic and/or zwitterionic interfacially active compounds which are distinguished by a lipophilic, preferably linear, alkyl or alkenyl group and at least one hydrophilic group. This hydrophilic group may be both an ionic 20 group and a nonionic group.
Nonionic emulsifiers contain a polyol group, a polyalkylene glycol ether group or a combination of polyol and polyglycol ether groups, for example, as the hydrophilic group. Preferred formulations are those 25 containing nonionic surfactants from at least one of the following groups as o/w emulsifiers: (al) adducts of 2 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide and/or 0 to 5 moles of propylene oxide with linear fatty alcohols containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms, with fatty acids containing 12 to 22 30 carbon atoms and with alkylphenols containing 8 to 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl group; (a2) C12/18 fatty acid monoesters and diesters of adducts of 1 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide with glycerol; (a3) glycerol monoesters and diesters and sorbitan monoesters and diesters of CA 0221034~ 1997-07-14 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms and ethylene oxide adducts thereof; (a4) alkyl monoglycosides and oligoglycosides containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical and ethoxylated 5 analogs thereof and (a5) adducts of 15 to 60 moles of ethylene oxide with castor oil and/or hydrogenated castor oil; (a6) polyol esters and, in particular, polyglycerol esters such as, for example, polyglycerol polyricinoleate or polyglycerol poly-12-hydroxystearate.
Mixtures of compounds from several of these classes are also suitable. The addition products of ethylene oxide and,/or propylene oxide with fatty alcohols, fatty acids, alkylphenols, glycerol monoesters and diesters and sorbitan monoesters and diesters of fatty acids or with 15 castor oil are known commercially available products.
They are homolog mixtures of which the average degree of alkoxylation corresponds to the ratio between the quantities of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide and substrate with which the addition reaction is carried 20 out C12/l8 fatty acid monoesters and diesters of adducts of ethylene oxide with glycerol are known as refatting agents for cosmetic formulations from DE-PS 20 24 051.
Zwitterionic surfactants may also be used as emu]sifiers. Zwitterionic surfactants are surfactants 25 which contain at least one quaternary ammonium group and at least one carboxylate group and one sulfonate group in the molecule. Particularly suitable zwitterionic surfactants are the so-called betaines, such as the N-alkyl-N,N-dimethylammonium glycinates, for example 30 cocoalkyl dimethylammonium glycinate, N-acylaminopropyl-N,N-dimethylammonium glycinates, for example cocoacyl aminopropyl dimethylammonium glycinate, and 2-alkyl-3-carboxymethyl-3-hydroxyethyl imidazolines containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl or acyl group and CA 022l034~ l997-07-l4 cocoacylaminoethylhydroxyethyl carboxymethyl glycinate.
The fatty acid amide derivative known under the CTFA
name of Cocamidopropyl Betaine is particularly preferred. Other suitable emulsifiers are ampholytic 5 surfactants. Ampholytic surfactants are understood to be surface-active compounds which, in addition to a C8/l8 alkyl or acyl group, contain at least one ~ree amino group and at least one -COOH or -SO3H group in the molecule, and which are capable of forming inner salts.
Examples of suitable ampholytic surfactants are N-alkyl glycines, N-àlkyl propionic acids, N-alkylaminobutyric acids, N-alkyliminodipropionic acids, N-hydroxyethyl-N-alkylamidopropyl glycines, N-alkyl taurines, N-alkyl sarcosines, 2-alkylaminopropionic acids and alkylamino-15 acet;ic acids containing around 8 to 18 carbon atoms inthe alkyl group. Particularly preferred ampholytic surfactants are N-cocoalkyl aminopropionate, cocoacyl aminoethyl aminopropionate and Cl2/18 acyl sarcosine.
Suitable w/o emulni~iers are: (bl) adducts of 2 to 20 15 moles of ethylene oxide with castor oil and/or hydro-genated castor oil; (b2) partial esters based on linear, branched, unsaturated or saturated Cl2/22 fatty acids, ricinoleic acid and 12-hydroxystearic acid and glycerol, polyglycerol, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, sugar 25 alcohols (for example sorbitol) and polyglucosides (for example cellulose); (b3) trialkyl phosphates; (b4) wool wax alcohols; (b5) polysiloxane/polyalkyl polyether co-polymers and corresponding derivatives; (b6) mixed esters of pentaerythritol, fatty acids, citric acid and 30 fatty alcohol according to DE-PS 11 65 574 and (b7) polyalkylene glycols.
Suitable cationic polymers are, for example, cationic cellulose derivatives, cationic starch, copolymers of diallyl ~mmoni um salts and acrylamides, CA 0221034~ 1997-07-14 qua~ernized vinyl pyrrolidone/vinyl imidazole polymers such as, for example, Luviquat~ (BASF AG, Ludwigshafen, FRG), condensation products of polyglycols and amines, quaternized protein polypeptides such as, for example, 5 Lauryldimonium Hydroxypropyl Hydrolyzed Collagen (Lamequat~L, Grunau GmbH), polyethyleneimine, cationic sil.icone polymers such as, for example, Amidomethicone or Dow Corning, Dow Corning Co., USA, copolymers of adipic acid and dimethylaminohydroxypropyl 10 die~hylenetriamine (Cartaretine~, Sandoz AG, CH), polyaminopolyamides as described, for example, in FR-A 2 252 840 and crosslinked water-soluble polymer~ thereo~, cationic chitin derivatives such as, for example, quaternized chitosan, optionally in microcrystalline 15 distribution, cationic guar gum such as, ~or example, Jaguar~CBS, ~aguar~C-17, Jaguar~C-16 of Celanese, USA
and quaternized ammonium salt polymers such as, for example, Mirapol~ A-15, Mirapol~ AD-1, Mirapol~ AZ-1 of Miranol, USA.
Suitable silicone compounds are, for example, dimethyl polysiloxanes, methylphenyl polysiloxanes, cyclic silicones and amino-, fatty-acid-, alcohol-, polyether-, epoxy-, fluorine- and/or alkyl-modified sili.cone compounds. Superfatting agents may be selected 25 from such substances as, for example, polyethoxylated lanolin derivatives, lecithin derivatives, polyol fatty acid esters, monoglycerides and fatty acid alkanol-amides, the fatty acid alkanolamides also serving as foam stabilizers. Typical examples of fat are 30 glycerides while suitable waxes are inter alia beeswax, paraffin wax or microwaxes, optionally in combination with hydrophilic waxes, for example cetostearyl alcohol.
Metal salts of fatty acids, for example magnesium, aluminium and/or zinc stearate, may be used as stabilizers. In the context of the invention, biogenic agents are, for example, plant extracts and vitamin complexes. Suitable pre~ervative~ are, for example, phenoxyethanol, formaldehyde solution, parabens, penta-5 nediol or sorbic acid. Suitable pearlescers are, forexample, glycol distearic acid esters, such as ethylene glycol distearate, and also fatty acid monoglycol es-ter~3. The dyes used may be selected from any of the sub.stances which are permitted and suitable for cosmetic 10 purposes, as listed for example in the publication "Kos-met:ische Farbemittel" of the Farbstoffkommis~ion der Deulschen Forschungsgemeinschaft, published by Verlag Chemie, We;nhe;m, 1984, pages 81-106.
In all, the auxiliaries and additives may make up 1 to 50 and pre~erably 5 to 40% by weight of the emu]sions.

Exam~le~

I. APPlication ExamPles Aqueous o/w emulsions were prepared using cetearyl glucoside (C16:C18 = 1:1), the corresponding cetearyl al-cohol, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (Myritol~ 312, Henk:el KGaA) as oil and optionally Hydrogenated Palm Glycerides (Monomuls~ 60-35, Henkel KGaA) as hydrophilic wax. The viscosities of the mixtures were determined by the Brookfield Method in an RVT viscosimeter (20~C, 4 r.p.m., spindle TE, with Helipath). The results are set out in Table 1.

Table 1 Viscosities of o/w creams (water ad 100% by weight) ~x. ¦ Wax ¦Oil -IViE;CoS- I
I l 1 1% by ¦ity l l l ¦weight¦Pa~
l l l l l l l l l ¦CG ¦CA ¦HW ¦CG:CAIT.WaX
1 1% ~Y 1% by 1% by 1 1% by ¦ ¦weight¦weight¦weight¦ ¦weight ¦

I1 13.7 13.7 11.~ 150:501 7.4 116 15~~
~1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 12.7 12.7 11.0 150:501 6.4 116 1 63 3 12.7 12.7 12.1 150:501 7.5 116 1400 ~1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 IC1 11.9 15.6 1 - 125:751 7.5 116 1 62 ~ I I I I I l I
~2 13.4 19.6 1 - 125:75113.0 116 1400 -Leqend:
CG = Cetearyl oligogluco~ide HW = Hydrophilic wax CA = Cetearyl alcohol T.Wax = Total wax (CG+CH+HW) o o o Ln o ~D ~DIn O O O In o o o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
dP C ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~1 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d~ O d~
o ~ o\~
o ~1 u aJ m a a ~ ~c ~ G
r~ C
~1 ~ C ~ ' ~I C 1~ a u ~ C ~ ~ ~ C ~ I
+ ~ v ~ r o,, a~ I ~ o~ a ~, ~

~~ ~ a a ~ o ~ 5~ J
E~ O ~ o t) V ~ ~ ~ V ~ V ~ ~J ~ O ~ ~ V E~
~r a a r ~:
. ~ O
U: C LS ) O L C 1-) ~ ~
o ~ 1~ u~ C ~ .~, In ~) ~a ~ C ~ ~) c c I o ~Y)~1 _ ~J O o~ - ~J O O
r. h ~ V ~ ~ tc 7~ - ~ ~ Vl ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Ul C ~ ~ C
_ ~5 ~ ~ ~ ~ O ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ O ~
O C~ O O 0 ~
,~ O ~-~-~1 v :) a a O -r l -~1 -~ V. -~1 r ) k ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ h o ~ ~ o ~ a o a) a) a ~a 1 v ~ ~ m ~ ~ v v ~ m a X
~Q
O
C X
C) c , ~ p~

O CJ ~ ~ ~ Vl ~ ~ ~ O
H ~ Ll ~ O ~ ~
H E~ ~

-o o o o m o ~ ~ Ln o o o In o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C o o 1~1 ~ ~ N O ~ ~1 ~1 ~ ~ U7 ~ O

G~
a a~
. _ 1) a, ,~
~ ~ -r C~ a o C ~ ~ ~ C
c a, I ~ c o ~ a r I O ~ a, ~ ~ a ~ ~r -,1 a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ O ~ ~
r ~ a ~ a a ~ o v ~J

a c ~
x C ~ O J C ~ - O
~ ~ ~ ~ J ~ ~ ~ ~
_ C I O r~ _ C I
_ ~j o o - ~j o O ~ ~ ~1 co C ~ C ~
t C O 0-, 1~ Ir ~ ~ ~ O --, a~ =
~~ a~ 0 -, ~ o 0 -, oa aJ o a~ a a~ o o I h C ~-~ h -~0 ~ V
t ~r ~ ~ J
. h ~ ~ ~
O O L
t ~ O ~ o rr .

Claims

19

1. Emulsifiers containing (a) 43 to 90% by weight of alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides and (b) 10 to 57% by weight of fatty alcohols, with the proviso that the components add up to 100% by weight.

2. Emulsifiers as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that they contain (a) 45 to 55% by weight of alkyl oligoglucosides and (b) 45 to 55% by weight of fatty alcohols.

3. Emulsifiers as claimed in claims 1 and 2, characterized in that they contain alkyl and alkenyl oligoglycosides corresponding to formula (I):

R1O-[G]p (I) in which R1 is an optionally hydroxysubstituted alkyl and/or alkenyl radical containing 4 to 54 carbon atoms, G is a sugar unit containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms and p is a number of 1 to 10.

4. Emulsifiers as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that they contain alkyl oligoglucosides corresponding to formula (I), in which R1 is a cetearyl group, an isostearyl group or the residue of a Guerbet alcohol.

5. Emulsifiers as claimed in claims 1 to 4, characterized in that they contain fatty alcohols corresponding to formula (II):

R2OH (II) in which R2 is an aliphatic, linear or branched, optionally hydroxy-substituted hydrocarbon radical containing 6 to 54 carbon atoms and 0 and/or 1, 2 or 3 double bonds.

6. Emulsifiers as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that they contain cetearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol and/or Guerbet alcohols as fatty alcohols.

7. Emulsifiers as claimed in claims 1 to 6, characterized in that they contain (a) 25 to 45% by weight of alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides, (b) 25 to 45% by weight of fatty alcohols and (c) 10 to 50% by weight of hydrophilic waxes, with the proviso that the quantities add up to 100% by weight.

8. A process for the production of the emulsifiers claimed in claim 1, in which glucose and excess fatty alcohol are subjected to acidic acetalization in known manner and, in the resulting mixture of alkyl oligoglucosides and excess fatty alcohol, either (a) the fatty alcohol content is reduced to the required level by distillation or (b) the glucoside content is increased to the required level by addition of glucosides.

9. The use of the emulsifiers claimed in claim 1 for the production of cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical formulations.