CA2208645A1 - A process and an apparatus for fine-machining the tooth flanks of a gear wheel on a machining tool - Google Patents
A process and an apparatus for fine-machining the tooth flanks of a gear wheel on a machining toolInfo
- Publication number
- CA2208645A1 CA2208645A1 CA 2208645 CA2208645A CA2208645A1 CA 2208645 A1 CA2208645 A1 CA 2208645A1 CA 2208645 CA2208645 CA 2208645 CA 2208645 A CA2208645 A CA 2208645A CA 2208645 A1 CA2208645 A1 CA 2208645A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- machining
- gear wheel
- machining tool
- tool
- tooth flanks
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
- B21H5/00—Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms
- B21H5/02—Making gear wheels, racks, spline shafts or worms with cylindrical outline, e.g. by means of die rolls
- B21H5/022—Finishing gear teeth with cylindrical outline, e.g. burnishing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Gear Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a process for fine machining the tooth flanks (3) of a gear wheel (2) on a machine tool in which a machining tool (1) that is essentially symmetrical about its axis is brought into contact with the tooth flanks (3) of the gear wheeled (2) that is to be machined, the machining tool (1) rotating about its axis and the gear wheel (2) rotating about its axis during the machining process. The present invention is such that the machining surfaces (6) of the machining tool (1) do not abrade material from the tooth flanks (3) that are to be machined, but merely smooth the surface of the teeth (3) that are to be machined without removing any material from the surface of the teeth (3) that are to be machined. This increases the load bearing capacity.
Description
CA 0220864~ 1997-06-24 A Process and an Apparatus for Fine-machining the Tooth Flanks of a Gear Wheel on a Machining Tool The present lnvention relates to a process for fine machining the tooth flanks (3) of a gear wheel (2) on a machine tool in which a machining tool (1) that ls essentlally symmetrical about its axls is brought into contact with the tooth flanks (3) of the gear wheeled (2) that is to be machined, the machining tool (l) rotating about its axis and the gear wheel (2) rotating about its axis during the machlning process.
The present lnventlon also descrlbes an apparatus for carrylng out the process.
When hardened gear wheels are machined, very fre~uently hobbed and hardened gear wheels have the exact tooth-flank profile (involutions) imparted to them by grindlng. A honing process sometimes follows the grindlng process ln order to minimize any meshing faults that may stlll remain after the grinding process.
In particular, when gear wheels are mass produced, gear wheel hones are used because only a relatively small amount of tlme ls needed for the honlng process. In thls process, the gear wheel that ls to be machlned rotates about lt axls. In so dolng, lt meshes wlth a honlng tool which--in the event that teeth to be machlned are external--ls in the form of an internally toothed annular ring. The honing tool also rotates about its axis. The inside teeth of the honing tool corresponding exactly to the shape of the tooth tight CA 0220864~ 1997-06-24 that are to be machlned, taklng into account the rotatlng movement between tool and workplece; thus, the meshlng geometry of the coating tool ls so configured that lt generates the preclse, deslred geometry of the tooth flanks that are to be machined.
The working surface of the honing tool ls provlded wlth abraslve partlcles ln order to remove materlal from hardened gear wheels that are to be machlned. Thls removal ls effected ln that, for example, the tool ls drlven and a speclflc retardlng moment acts on the work plece. As an alternatlve, provlslon can be made such that there ls a posltlve coupllng between the rotatlonal movement of the tool and that of the work plece.
It has been found that gear wheels that have been perfectly ground and honed may not, under certaln clrcumstances, display optlmal runnlng behavlour when ln operatlon. Tests have shown that thls ls caused by the surface mlcrostructure of the flanks of the gear wheel. In the mlcroscoplc range, there are frequently "pro~ectlons" on the tooth flanks even after grindlng and honing, whlch are devlatlons from the ldeal form (lnvolutlon). Thls means that the actlve proflle, whlch ls to say the area ln whlch there ls contact between the two gear wheels that are enmeshed, ls not maxlmal.
Experlence has also shown that some of these lrregularltles cannot be ellmlnated even by addltlonal abrasive machlnlng (grlndlng, honlng, lapplng).
Thus, lt ls the task of the present lnventlon to CA 0220864~ 1997-06-24 descrlbe a fine-machlnlng process and an approprlate apparatus for machlnlng the tooth flanks of gear wheels that wlll help ln achlevlng an lmprovement of the surfaces of the tooth flanks and thus a hlgher bearlng capaclty ln the operatlon of the gear wheels.
The solutlon to thls problem by the present inventlon ls characterlzed ln that ln a process of the type described ln the introduction hereto, the machinlng surfaces (6) of the machlnlng tool (1) do not abrade material from the tooth flanks (3) that are to be machlned. In partlcular, provlslon ls made such that the machlnlng surfaces (6) of the machinlng tool (1) only smooth the surface of the tooth flanks (3) that are to be machlned, wlthout removlng materlal from the surface of the tooth flanks (3) that are to be machlned.
The present lnventlon ls based on the knowledge that the surface geometry cannot be improved as deslred, even by extenslve abraslon-type machlnlng, although lmprovements ln the sense of the task undertaken by the present lnventlon can be effected by non-abraslve rolllng contact as a flnal stage ln machlnlng hard surfaces.
It ls advantageous lf provlslon be made such that the axls of rotatlon (4) of the machlnlng tool (1) and the axls of rotatlon (5) of the gear wheel (2) subtend an angle between 0~ and 20~, preferably between 3~ and 15~. Thls means that ln the clrcle of contact (pltch clrcle dlameter), when there ls usually no relatlve speed between the rolllng flanks of the tool and the workplece when the axes subtend an angle of 0~, there ls ln thls case (glven an angle of lntersectlon CA 0220864~ 1997-06-24 that is not equal to 0C).
Various drivlng concepts for this process have been conceived:
Initially, provislon can be made such that the machining tool (1) is driven and the gear wheel (2) is retarded, so that there is positive contact between the machining surfaces (6) of the machining tool (1) and the tooth flanks (3) of the gear wheel (2) that are to be machined.
An alternative to this is that the machining tool (1) can be retarded and the gear wheel (2) can be driven so that there is positive contact between the machining surfaces (6) of the machining tool and the tooth flanks (3) of the gear wheel (2) that is to be machined.
Finally, it is also possible that the rotational movement of the machining tool (1) and the rotational movement of the gear wheel (2) be positively coupled.
The apparatus used to carry out this process incorporates:
- a machining tool (1) that is essentially symmetrical about its axis, and - a gear wheel (2) that is to be machined, the machining tool (1) rotating about its axls (4) and engaging in the gear wheel (2) that is to be machined and that also rotates about its axis (5).
According to the present invention, thls apparatus ls characterlzed in that the machining surfaces (6) of the machine tool (1) are not abrasive.
One development of the present invention is such CA 0220864~ 1997-06-24 that the axis of rotation (4) of the machlne tool (1) and the axis of rotatlon (5) of the gear wheel (2) subtend an angle of lntersectlon between 0~ and 20~, preferably between 3~ and 15~.
It ls lmportant for achlevlng a long servlce llfe for the tool and for efflclent machlnlng of the workplece that the machlnlng surfaces (6) of the machlnlng tool (1) be hardened.
As an alternatlve to the foregolng, provlslon can be made such that the machlnlng surfaces (6) of the machlnlng tool (1) are coated wlth hard metal or wlth another wear-reslstant materlal. In addltlon to hard metal, thls could be a layer of dlamonds or a layer of boron nltrlde. Flnally, lt ls also posslble that the machlnlng surfaces (6) of the machlnlng tool be coated, ln partlcular plasma coated.
Materlals that are extremely hard and whlch dlsplay a hlgh level of ductlllty are sultable for such a coatlng.
In order to reallze the varlous drlvlng concepts, conslderatlon was flrst glven to provldlng means to drlve the machlnlng tool (1) and means to retard the gear wheel (2), so that there ls posltlve contact between the machlnlng surfaces (6) of the machlnlng tool (1) and the tooth flanks (3) of the gear wheel (2) that are to be machlned.
As an alternatlve to thls, lt ls also posslble to provlde means to retard the machlne tool (l) and means to drlve the gear wheel (2) so that there ls posltlve contact between the machlnlng surfaces (6) of the machlne tool (1) and the tooth flanks (3) of the gear wheel (2) that are to be CA 0220864~ 1997-06-24 machlned.
Flnally, means are provlded to produce a forced coupllng of the rotatlonal movements of the machlnlng tool ll) and the gear wheel (2).
The machinlng tool (1) can advantageously be formed essentlally ln one plece and comprlse a steel body or, as an alternatlve to thls lt, can be a ceramlc body.
The drawlng shows one embodlment of the present inventlon and provldes a diagrammatlc view of a gear wheel that ls engaged wlth a machlnlng tool.
The drawlng shows a gear wheel 2 ln the form of an externally toothed spur gear that ls belng machlned flnlshed by means of an annular machinlng tool 1. After soft machlnlng Ihobblng) and hardenlng the gear wheel was sub~ected to machlne flnlshlng when hard; ln thls connectlon, the gear wheel was flrst proflle-ground and then honed or sub~ected to the Coronier~ process.
The flne finishing process ls carrled out, for example, by the Coronler~ process, a speclal hlgh performance machlnlng procedure. Thls is a process developed by Knapp GmbH, Coburg, Germany, ln whlch a steel rlng that ls coated wlth abraslve partlcles (the arrangement ls slmllar to that shown ln the drawlng~ engages wlth the workplece. There ls a posltlve coupllng between the rotatlon of the Coronier~ rlng and the workplece, and thls ls controlled electronlcally.
For purposes of slmpliflcation, the drawlng shows the case ln whlch the axls of rotatlon 4 of the machlnlng tool 1 and the axls of rotation S of the gear wheel 2 are arranged CA 0220864~ 1997-06-24 so as to be parallel. This ls not so in normal practlce.
Normally, both axes 4 and 5 lntersect at an angle of up to 205 or even more, but preferably between 3~ and 15~. Thls ensures that there is a relative speed between the machlning surface 6 of the tool l and the tooth flanks 3 that are to be machined, even ln the circle of contact. Provlslon can be made such that the angle at whlch the axes lntersect can be varied within the clted llmlts durlng the machlnlng process.
Durlng the flnished machlnlng that takes place after the grinding/honlng processes the machlning tool 1 and the gear wheel 2 are engaged wlth each other. The tooth flanks 3 of the gear wheel 2 that are to be machlned are thus ln rolllng engagement wlth the machlnlng surfaces 6 of the machinlng tool 1.
Durlng the machlnlng process, the machlning tool 1 rotates about lts axls 4 ln the dlrectlon of rotatlon 7; the gear wheel 2 rotates about lts axis 5 in the dlrectlon of rotatlon 8.
The machlnlng surfaces (6) of the machlnlng tool (1) are coated with hard metal or wlth another wear-reslstant material. In addition to hard metal, this could be a layer of dlamonds or a layer of ceramlc materlal. The machlnlng surfaces could also be coated by a plasma-coating process.
The rotational movement of the tool 1 and that of the gear wheel 2 are coupled by way of an "electronlc shaft", i.e., the relative rotation of the machining tool 1 and the gear wheel 2 corresponds to the "ldeal" correlatlon that ls the result of error-free meshlng.
CA 0220864~ 1997-06-24 The aim of the process according to the present lnventlon ls that durlng machlnlng of the teeth of the gear wheel 2 by the machinlng tool 1, protruding peaks (ln the mlcroscoplc range), whlch constltute a devlation from the ideal lnvolute shape of the tooth flanks 3, are elther flattened or broken down. However, thls ls not brought about by the abrasive actlon of the machinlng tool 1 on the tooth flanks 3 of the work plece 2 that are being machined, but because the machining surfaces 6 of the tool 1 have a reshaplng smoothlng effect on the surface of the tooth flanks 3 that are to be machined. Thus, pro~ectlons on the tooth flanks of the gear wheel are flattened and, lf needs be, any surviving (mlcro) plt marks ln the area of the tooth flanks are evened out.
To this end, the machlnlng surfaces 6 are covered wlth super-hard materlals that should, as far as posslble, dlsplay a high degree of ductllity. Such materials have been known for a long time and requlre no addltlonal dlscusslon.
In partlcular, lt is possible that the machlning surfaces 6 be provlded wlth CBN (cublc crystalllne boron nltrlde), wlth diamonds, or wlth nitrides of other elements. On the other hand, of course, hard metals such as those that are normally used ln manufacturlng processes that remove metal can also be used as coatlng materlal for the machlnlng surfaces 6.
As the tool 1 rolls wlth the workplece 2, especlally ln the case of rolllng coupling, the machlnlng surfaces 6 of the tool 1 form the counter-proflle on the tooth flanks 3 of the gear wheel 2, and thls counter-proflle corresponds to the CA 0220864~ 1997-06-24 ldeal tooth flank geometry. To this end, the machining tool 1 as a whole must be a stable structure, for which reason it ls advantageous that the tool l be a steel basic body which, with reference to the machlnlng surfaces 6, ls machlned (ground) corresponding to the involute profile of the gear wheel that ls desired.
Using the process according to the present invention it is possible to achieve an improvement of the tooth-flank geometry 3 of the gear wheel 2, which is to say to the surface of the running surface, so that in subsequent operatlon, the bearing portion of to gear wheels that are meshed together is increased. Thus, it is possible by approprlate layout of the machlnlng surfaces 6 to process the tooth foot of the gear-tooth system of the gear wheel 2, i.e., the area that is located between two adiacent tooth flanks 3, during the process according to the present invention.
A further advantage of the process described herein is that by machining the tooth flanks 3 with the machining surfaces 6, pressure acts on the tooth flanks 3. The result of this ls that the residual compressive stress in the surface area of the tooth flanks is increased. However, residual compressive stresses have a favourable effect on the useful life of the meshing system.
This advantage is achieved by positive coupling of the rotatlonal movement of the tool l and the workplece 2, as well as when tool or workplece drlven and the other wheel ln each instance is subjected to a retardlng moment.
Even though the technology descrlbed above applies CA 0220864~ l997-06-24 essentlally to processes that do not lnvolve the removal of metal, lt ls nevertheless advantageous that the process be carried out with the appllcatlon of oil, emulslon, or another coollng lubrlcant.
CA 0220864~ 1997-06-24 Parts list for drawing:
1 machining tool 2 gear wheel 3 tooth flanks of the gear wheel to be machined 4 axis of rotatlon - machlnlng tool axis of rotatlon - gear wheel 6 machlnlng surfaces of the machlning tool 7 dlrectlon of rotatlon - machlnlng tool 8 dlrectlon of rotatlon - gear wheel
The present lnventlon also descrlbes an apparatus for carrylng out the process.
When hardened gear wheels are machined, very fre~uently hobbed and hardened gear wheels have the exact tooth-flank profile (involutions) imparted to them by grindlng. A honing process sometimes follows the grindlng process ln order to minimize any meshing faults that may stlll remain after the grinding process.
In particular, when gear wheels are mass produced, gear wheel hones are used because only a relatively small amount of tlme ls needed for the honlng process. In thls process, the gear wheel that ls to be machlned rotates about lt axls. In so dolng, lt meshes wlth a honlng tool which--in the event that teeth to be machlned are external--ls in the form of an internally toothed annular ring. The honing tool also rotates about its axis. The inside teeth of the honing tool corresponding exactly to the shape of the tooth tight CA 0220864~ 1997-06-24 that are to be machlned, taklng into account the rotatlng movement between tool and workplece; thus, the meshlng geometry of the coating tool ls so configured that lt generates the preclse, deslred geometry of the tooth flanks that are to be machined.
The working surface of the honing tool ls provlded wlth abraslve partlcles ln order to remove materlal from hardened gear wheels that are to be machlned. Thls removal ls effected ln that, for example, the tool ls drlven and a speclflc retardlng moment acts on the work plece. As an alternatlve, provlslon can be made such that there ls a posltlve coupllng between the rotatlonal movement of the tool and that of the work plece.
It has been found that gear wheels that have been perfectly ground and honed may not, under certaln clrcumstances, display optlmal runnlng behavlour when ln operatlon. Tests have shown that thls ls caused by the surface mlcrostructure of the flanks of the gear wheel. In the mlcroscoplc range, there are frequently "pro~ectlons" on the tooth flanks even after grindlng and honing, whlch are devlatlons from the ldeal form (lnvolutlon). Thls means that the actlve proflle, whlch ls to say the area ln whlch there ls contact between the two gear wheels that are enmeshed, ls not maxlmal.
Experlence has also shown that some of these lrregularltles cannot be ellmlnated even by addltlonal abrasive machlnlng (grlndlng, honlng, lapplng).
Thus, lt ls the task of the present lnventlon to CA 0220864~ 1997-06-24 descrlbe a fine-machlnlng process and an approprlate apparatus for machlnlng the tooth flanks of gear wheels that wlll help ln achlevlng an lmprovement of the surfaces of the tooth flanks and thus a hlgher bearlng capaclty ln the operatlon of the gear wheels.
The solutlon to thls problem by the present inventlon ls characterlzed ln that ln a process of the type described ln the introduction hereto, the machinlng surfaces (6) of the machlnlng tool (1) do not abrade material from the tooth flanks (3) that are to be machlned. In partlcular, provlslon ls made such that the machlnlng surfaces (6) of the machinlng tool (1) only smooth the surface of the tooth flanks (3) that are to be machlned, wlthout removlng materlal from the surface of the tooth flanks (3) that are to be machlned.
The present lnventlon ls based on the knowledge that the surface geometry cannot be improved as deslred, even by extenslve abraslon-type machlnlng, although lmprovements ln the sense of the task undertaken by the present lnventlon can be effected by non-abraslve rolllng contact as a flnal stage ln machlnlng hard surfaces.
It ls advantageous lf provlslon be made such that the axls of rotatlon (4) of the machlnlng tool (1) and the axls of rotatlon (5) of the gear wheel (2) subtend an angle between 0~ and 20~, preferably between 3~ and 15~. Thls means that ln the clrcle of contact (pltch clrcle dlameter), when there ls usually no relatlve speed between the rolllng flanks of the tool and the workplece when the axes subtend an angle of 0~, there ls ln thls case (glven an angle of lntersectlon CA 0220864~ 1997-06-24 that is not equal to 0C).
Various drivlng concepts for this process have been conceived:
Initially, provislon can be made such that the machining tool (1) is driven and the gear wheel (2) is retarded, so that there is positive contact between the machining surfaces (6) of the machining tool (1) and the tooth flanks (3) of the gear wheel (2) that are to be machined.
An alternative to this is that the machining tool (1) can be retarded and the gear wheel (2) can be driven so that there is positive contact between the machining surfaces (6) of the machining tool and the tooth flanks (3) of the gear wheel (2) that is to be machined.
Finally, it is also possible that the rotational movement of the machining tool (1) and the rotational movement of the gear wheel (2) be positively coupled.
The apparatus used to carry out this process incorporates:
- a machining tool (1) that is essentially symmetrical about its axis, and - a gear wheel (2) that is to be machined, the machining tool (1) rotating about its axls (4) and engaging in the gear wheel (2) that is to be machined and that also rotates about its axis (5).
According to the present invention, thls apparatus ls characterlzed in that the machining surfaces (6) of the machine tool (1) are not abrasive.
One development of the present invention is such CA 0220864~ 1997-06-24 that the axis of rotation (4) of the machlne tool (1) and the axis of rotatlon (5) of the gear wheel (2) subtend an angle of lntersectlon between 0~ and 20~, preferably between 3~ and 15~.
It ls lmportant for achlevlng a long servlce llfe for the tool and for efflclent machlnlng of the workplece that the machlnlng surfaces (6) of the machlnlng tool (1) be hardened.
As an alternatlve to the foregolng, provlslon can be made such that the machlnlng surfaces (6) of the machlnlng tool (1) are coated wlth hard metal or wlth another wear-reslstant materlal. In addltlon to hard metal, thls could be a layer of dlamonds or a layer of boron nltrlde. Flnally, lt ls also posslble that the machlnlng surfaces (6) of the machlnlng tool be coated, ln partlcular plasma coated.
Materlals that are extremely hard and whlch dlsplay a hlgh level of ductlllty are sultable for such a coatlng.
In order to reallze the varlous drlvlng concepts, conslderatlon was flrst glven to provldlng means to drlve the machlnlng tool (1) and means to retard the gear wheel (2), so that there ls posltlve contact between the machlnlng surfaces (6) of the machlnlng tool (1) and the tooth flanks (3) of the gear wheel (2) that are to be machlned.
As an alternatlve to thls, lt ls also posslble to provlde means to retard the machlne tool (l) and means to drlve the gear wheel (2) so that there ls posltlve contact between the machlnlng surfaces (6) of the machlne tool (1) and the tooth flanks (3) of the gear wheel (2) that are to be CA 0220864~ 1997-06-24 machlned.
Flnally, means are provlded to produce a forced coupllng of the rotatlonal movements of the machlnlng tool ll) and the gear wheel (2).
The machinlng tool (1) can advantageously be formed essentlally ln one plece and comprlse a steel body or, as an alternatlve to thls lt, can be a ceramlc body.
The drawlng shows one embodlment of the present inventlon and provldes a diagrammatlc view of a gear wheel that ls engaged wlth a machlnlng tool.
The drawlng shows a gear wheel 2 ln the form of an externally toothed spur gear that ls belng machlned flnlshed by means of an annular machinlng tool 1. After soft machlnlng Ihobblng) and hardenlng the gear wheel was sub~ected to machlne flnlshlng when hard; ln thls connectlon, the gear wheel was flrst proflle-ground and then honed or sub~ected to the Coronier~ process.
The flne finishing process ls carrled out, for example, by the Coronler~ process, a speclal hlgh performance machlnlng procedure. Thls is a process developed by Knapp GmbH, Coburg, Germany, ln whlch a steel rlng that ls coated wlth abraslve partlcles (the arrangement ls slmllar to that shown ln the drawlng~ engages wlth the workplece. There ls a posltlve coupllng between the rotatlon of the Coronier~ rlng and the workplece, and thls ls controlled electronlcally.
For purposes of slmpliflcation, the drawlng shows the case ln whlch the axls of rotatlon 4 of the machlnlng tool 1 and the axls of rotation S of the gear wheel 2 are arranged CA 0220864~ 1997-06-24 so as to be parallel. This ls not so in normal practlce.
Normally, both axes 4 and 5 lntersect at an angle of up to 205 or even more, but preferably between 3~ and 15~. Thls ensures that there is a relative speed between the machlning surface 6 of the tool l and the tooth flanks 3 that are to be machined, even ln the circle of contact. Provlslon can be made such that the angle at whlch the axes lntersect can be varied within the clted llmlts durlng the machlnlng process.
Durlng the flnished machlnlng that takes place after the grinding/honlng processes the machlning tool 1 and the gear wheel 2 are engaged wlth each other. The tooth flanks 3 of the gear wheel 2 that are to be machlned are thus ln rolllng engagement wlth the machlnlng surfaces 6 of the machinlng tool 1.
Durlng the machlnlng process, the machlning tool 1 rotates about lts axls 4 ln the dlrectlon of rotatlon 7; the gear wheel 2 rotates about lts axis 5 in the dlrectlon of rotatlon 8.
The machlnlng surfaces (6) of the machlnlng tool (1) are coated with hard metal or wlth another wear-reslstant material. In addition to hard metal, this could be a layer of dlamonds or a layer of ceramlc materlal. The machlnlng surfaces could also be coated by a plasma-coating process.
The rotational movement of the tool 1 and that of the gear wheel 2 are coupled by way of an "electronlc shaft", i.e., the relative rotation of the machining tool 1 and the gear wheel 2 corresponds to the "ldeal" correlatlon that ls the result of error-free meshlng.
CA 0220864~ 1997-06-24 The aim of the process according to the present lnventlon ls that durlng machlnlng of the teeth of the gear wheel 2 by the machinlng tool 1, protruding peaks (ln the mlcroscoplc range), whlch constltute a devlation from the ideal lnvolute shape of the tooth flanks 3, are elther flattened or broken down. However, thls ls not brought about by the abrasive actlon of the machinlng tool 1 on the tooth flanks 3 of the work plece 2 that are being machined, but because the machining surfaces 6 of the tool 1 have a reshaplng smoothlng effect on the surface of the tooth flanks 3 that are to be machined. Thus, pro~ectlons on the tooth flanks of the gear wheel are flattened and, lf needs be, any surviving (mlcro) plt marks ln the area of the tooth flanks are evened out.
To this end, the machlnlng surfaces 6 are covered wlth super-hard materlals that should, as far as posslble, dlsplay a high degree of ductllity. Such materials have been known for a long time and requlre no addltlonal dlscusslon.
In partlcular, lt is possible that the machlning surfaces 6 be provlded wlth CBN (cublc crystalllne boron nltrlde), wlth diamonds, or wlth nitrides of other elements. On the other hand, of course, hard metals such as those that are normally used ln manufacturlng processes that remove metal can also be used as coatlng materlal for the machlnlng surfaces 6.
As the tool 1 rolls wlth the workplece 2, especlally ln the case of rolllng coupling, the machlnlng surfaces 6 of the tool 1 form the counter-proflle on the tooth flanks 3 of the gear wheel 2, and thls counter-proflle corresponds to the CA 0220864~ 1997-06-24 ldeal tooth flank geometry. To this end, the machining tool 1 as a whole must be a stable structure, for which reason it ls advantageous that the tool l be a steel basic body which, with reference to the machlnlng surfaces 6, ls machlned (ground) corresponding to the involute profile of the gear wheel that ls desired.
Using the process according to the present invention it is possible to achieve an improvement of the tooth-flank geometry 3 of the gear wheel 2, which is to say to the surface of the running surface, so that in subsequent operatlon, the bearing portion of to gear wheels that are meshed together is increased. Thus, it is possible by approprlate layout of the machlnlng surfaces 6 to process the tooth foot of the gear-tooth system of the gear wheel 2, i.e., the area that is located between two adiacent tooth flanks 3, during the process according to the present invention.
A further advantage of the process described herein is that by machining the tooth flanks 3 with the machining surfaces 6, pressure acts on the tooth flanks 3. The result of this ls that the residual compressive stress in the surface area of the tooth flanks is increased. However, residual compressive stresses have a favourable effect on the useful life of the meshing system.
This advantage is achieved by positive coupling of the rotatlonal movement of the tool l and the workplece 2, as well as when tool or workplece drlven and the other wheel ln each instance is subjected to a retardlng moment.
Even though the technology descrlbed above applies CA 0220864~ l997-06-24 essentlally to processes that do not lnvolve the removal of metal, lt ls nevertheless advantageous that the process be carried out with the appllcatlon of oil, emulslon, or another coollng lubrlcant.
CA 0220864~ 1997-06-24 Parts list for drawing:
1 machining tool 2 gear wheel 3 tooth flanks of the gear wheel to be machined 4 axis of rotatlon - machlnlng tool axis of rotatlon - gear wheel 6 machlnlng surfaces of the machlning tool 7 dlrectlon of rotatlon - machlnlng tool 8 dlrectlon of rotatlon - gear wheel
Claims (15)
1. A process for fine machining the tooth flanks (3) of a gear wheel (2) on a machine tool, in which a machining tool (1) that is essentially symmetrical with reference to its axis is engaged with the tooth flanks (3) of the gear wheel (2) that is to be machined, the machining tool (1) rotating about its axis during the machining process and the gear wheel (2) rotating about its axis rotation (5), characterized in that the machining surfaces (6) of the machining tool (1) do not abrade any material from the tooth flanks (3) that are to be machined.
2. A process as defined in Claim 1, characterized in that the machining surfaces (6) of the machining tool (1) only effect a smoothing of the surface of the tooth flanks (3) that are to be machined, without removing any material from the surface of the tooth flanks (3) that are to be machined.
3. A process as defined in Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterized in that the axis of rotation (4) of the machining tool (1) and the axis of rotation (5) of the gear wheel (2) subtend an angle of intersection that is between 0°
and 20°, preferably between 3° and 15°.
and 20°, preferably between 3° and 15°.
4. A process as described in one of the Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the machining tool (1) is driven and the between the machining surfaces (6) of the machining tool (1) and the tooth flanks (3) of the gear wheel (2) that are to be machined.
5. A process as described in one of the Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the machining tool (1) is retarded and the gear wheel (2) is driven, so that there is positive contact between the machining surfaces (6) of the machining tool (1) and the tooth flanks (3) of the gear wheel (2) that are to be machined.
6. A process as described in one of the Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the rotational movement of the machining tool (1) and the rotational movement of the gear wheel (2) are positively coupled.
7. An apparatus to carry out the process as defined in one of the Claims 1 to 6 that incorporates - a machining tool (1) that is essentially symmetrical relative to its axis and - a gear wheel (2) that is to be machined, the machining tool (1) rotating about its axis of rotation (4) and engaging in the gear wheel (2) that is to be machined and that also rotates about its axis of rotation (5), characterized in that the machining surfaces (6) of the machining tool (1) are not abrasive.
8. An apparatus as defined in Claim 7, characterized in that the axis of rotation (4) of the machining tool (1) and the axis of rotation (5) of the gear wheel (2) subtend an angle of intersection that is between 0° and 20°, preferably between 3° and 15°.
9. An apparatus as defined in Claim 7 or Claim 8, characterized in that the machining surfaces (6) of the machining tool (1) are hardened.
10. An apparatus as defined in one of the Claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the machining surfaces (6) of the machining tool (1) of coated with hard metal or with another wear-resistant material.
11. An apparatus as defined in one of the Claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the machining surfaces (6) of the machining tool (1) are coated, in particular plasma coated.
12. An apparatus as defined in one of the Claims 7 to 11, characterized in that means are provided to drive the machining tool (1), and means are provided to retard the gear wheel (2) so that there is positive contact between the machining surfaces (6) of the machining tool (1) and the tooth flanks (3) of the gear wheel (2) that is to be machined.
13. An apparatus as defined in one of the Claims 7 to 11, characterized in that means of provided to retard the machining tool (1) and means are also provided to drive the
14 gear wheel (2) so that there is positive contact between the machining surfaces (6) of the machining tool (1) and the tooth flanks (3) of the gear wheel (2) that is to be machined.
14. An apparatus as defined in one of the Claims 7 to 11, characterized in that means are provided to ensure a positive coupling of the rotational movements of the machining tool (1) and the gear wheel (2).
14. An apparatus as defined in one of the Claims 7 to 11, characterized in that means are provided to ensure a positive coupling of the rotational movements of the machining tool (1) and the gear wheel (2).
15. An apparatus as defined in one of the Claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the machining tool (1) is formed in essentially one piece and is a steel body.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19625285.7 | 1996-06-25 | ||
| DE1996125285 DE19625285A1 (en) | 1996-06-25 | 1996-06-25 | Method and device for the fine machining of the tooth flanks of a gear wheel on a machine tool |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2208645A1 true CA2208645A1 (en) | 1997-12-25 |
Family
ID=7797889
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2208645 Abandoned CA2208645A1 (en) | 1996-06-25 | 1997-06-24 | A process and an apparatus for fine-machining the tooth flanks of a gear wheel on a machining tool |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0815984A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH10113820A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2208645A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19625285A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT406836B (en) | 1997-10-30 | 2000-09-25 | Miba Sintermetall Ag | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING A GEAR |
| WO2000076689A1 (en) * | 1999-06-15 | 2000-12-21 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Method and device for machining a shaft-hub joint with tight-fitting toothing |
| US7832070B2 (en) * | 2006-08-03 | 2010-11-16 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Apparatus and method for strengthening gear teeth |
| DE102016102429B4 (en) | 2016-02-11 | 2021-02-11 | Ecoroll Ag Werkzeugtechnik | Rolling device for rolling workpieces with toothing and the associated process |
| DE102016009469A1 (en) | 2016-08-03 | 2018-02-08 | Audi Ag | Method and device for hard fine machining of internally toothed gears by means of a gear honing machine |
| DE102016009467B4 (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2023-02-23 | Audi Ag | Method and tool for increasing a load capacity of a gear |
| DE102019126669A1 (en) * | 2019-10-02 | 2021-04-08 | Profilator Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method and device for smoothing the tooth flanks of the teeth of toothed workpieces |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH130484A (en) * | 1927-03-28 | 1928-12-15 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Device for smoothing tooth flanks. |
| US2279216A (en) * | 1939-11-04 | 1942-04-07 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Gear and pinion |
| DE2127672A1 (en) * | 1970-08-17 | 1972-02-24 | Lear Siegler, Inc., Santa Monica, Calif. (V.StA.) | Method of rolling gears |
| DE2501857A1 (en) * | 1975-01-17 | 1976-07-22 | Lear Siegler Inc | Finish rolling of gear teeth on gear wheels - using hardened steel tool provided with internal teeth |
| US5288556A (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1994-02-22 | Lemelson Jerome H | Gears and gear assemblies |
| IT8821690A0 (en) * | 1987-08-10 | 1988-08-10 | Koganei Seiki Seisakusho Kk | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FINISHING THE SURFACE OF A GEAR TOOTH. |
| DE8910726U1 (en) * | 1989-09-08 | 1991-01-10 | Carl Hurth Maschinen- Und Zahnradfabrik Gmbh & Co, 8000 Muenchen, De | |
| DE4317306C2 (en) * | 1993-05-26 | 1994-12-08 | Kapp Werkzeugmasch | Process for finishing the tooth flanks of gears |
-
1996
- 1996-06-25 DE DE1996125285 patent/DE19625285A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-06-19 EP EP97110002A patent/EP0815984A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-06-20 JP JP19908697A patent/JPH10113820A/en active Pending
- 1997-06-24 CA CA 2208645 patent/CA2208645A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19625285A1 (en) | 1998-01-02 |
| EP0815984A1 (en) | 1998-01-07 |
| JPH10113820A (en) | 1998-05-06 |
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