CA2200360A1 - Process and device for monitoring the tightness of pipelines, in particular sewage pipeline systems - Google Patents
Process and device for monitoring the tightness of pipelines, in particular sewage pipeline systemsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2200360A1 CA2200360A1 CA002200360A CA2200360A CA2200360A1 CA 2200360 A1 CA2200360 A1 CA 2200360A1 CA 002200360 A CA002200360 A CA 002200360A CA 2200360 A CA2200360 A CA 2200360A CA 2200360 A1 CA2200360 A1 CA 2200360A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- pipeline
- tubular openings
- monitoring
- monitoring channels
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
- G01M3/28—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/18—Double-walled pipes; Multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/18—Double-walled pipes; Multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies
- F16L9/19—Multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
- G01M3/28—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds
- G01M3/2807—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds for pipes
- G01M3/2815—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds for pipes using pressure measurements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
- G01M3/28—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds
- G01M3/2807—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds for pipes
- G01M3/283—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds for pipes for double-walled pipes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
- Sewage (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
In a process for monitoring the tightness of pipelines (1), in particular sewage pipeline systems, one or several control channels (3) or tubular openings are arranged in the wall (2) of the pipeline (1) in its longitudinal direction. The mutually facing ends of the pipelines (1) are interconnected so that the mutually facing ends of the control channels (3) or tubular openings are tightly interconnected. The interconnected control channels (3) or tubular openings form a closed pressure chamber for the whole pipeline system. The control channels (3) or tubular openings are filled with a test medium (7) under static pressure, pressure measurement means (10) are associated with the control channels (3) or tubular openings, and a leakage (11) in the area of a sleeve (4) or wall (2) of the pipeline (1) is detected when the pressure of test medium (7) falls between two measuring points (E).
Description
~EB-27-97 15 48 FROM BARRIGAR~MOSS - MISS ID 9052767687 PAGE 6/26 ~O0 36 0 ~ ~ t~e t~ ' e ~
5 ' l'he ~ t~ t~ a . l~o~ ~or ~o~i~r~g 1 r~~ ~6r ~~ pipe~ i~er~ ticula~ o~ l~e ~y~r~ a~ a ~c~ fos carJ:y~y o~ ~e ~.
ss~ -- e ~rR ~c~r dr i ,n~, }- ~ d ~i~ed 10 ~ 3IJ~ 1230, fo~ ~ ti ~ o~ ~e f .~ 6 srr p~ ~ ~e bei~ la'd ~d~ ~ater ~
ar~~as T~r ~ re~re~l 7~ c~re t~ ~o ~age ~ f fr~m the pi~ ul s~ftr ~Wd po~lu~g t~e ..r ~ _ ' . t~r a~d ~alce~ ie ~ ~7h~ b,e ~ to ~e e~r~t ~an be c~r~ ~le i~ t~ ca~ ~t ~E~ lc~
~t~ e ~ Tr~ e~ t~ St~L~ H
pi~s ~ ~3~in~;~ ~t~r p~ote:ti~ a~e~ ~s St~
Si~ 2/90) to d~and per~t a~11 D~l~o~d ti~
20 c~ ~ p pel~e~ It iB a;L~4 lmo~ 5~,~ th~e l~eratu~
B---- ~ ~ce use, for e~ ~ o~ DleetiAs sss~
~, o~ ~i~le -~ ~ pi~e~ ~ic~ ; fffy ~e ~e-, _ ts o~ 8.,~ pipe r~y~. D~; ~ea~ tha~~ pipe i~ g~bjecced t~ a t~t pres~U~ of Z.~ ba~ a~d 2~ ~ ~per~t~ p ~ _ te o~ 1 C ~8r. ~e aa~r~ c~ty ~ t~e pi~e ~ e ~t~ be hi~e~r tl~
act~all~ re~ ed. ~ y ~clc~ r~y ~ic~ pipe~i ar~ u~ed. se~ore c_ ~ dur~ aperat~, be~ore ~ ~pi~ o~ ~e ~a~ vy ~ e yearn a~ter, ~e 30 ~ ~p~ a~ ~e ~ d~in~ er Fro~ecti~n area~;
a re to ~ test4d ~or thei~ t~ ~h~ss The te~j,Ag i8 ~rS c7~e~ opC~c~,lly, ~o~ ~ _ le ;~ e~ 8Y~
~t ~ a ~e~cY~e~ ~ect~ ~ ~8 c~e oE a }ealc :L~
~i p~ cct~ t ~ e det- ~A ~y 35 ~ t~a~ of ~e ~a~h alo~ t~e l~e. ~t ~ ~o~, ~; _-~ e~ to ~se da~ Led p~pes, i~ order ~o~ it te ~ ~1~ t:o ~at<;~ nez pi~e by t~ ,~7e a~ arou~ ~e lat~er.
308tly pipen mad~ fro~ B~U -e ~i~ are FB8-27-97 15 48 FROM BARRIGAR~MOSS - MISS ID 9052767687 PAGF 7/26 2 ~ O ~ 3 6 0 ~ ;l u ~ ~e th~c ~eliver ~rt~ ly g~l ~t:g e~
1~ ~ s:~e c~e o~ -te~ o~ ~-ter~, _ ~ '~e~ extre~
~ ~ca~ ~~ r tbe~l, 0~ DI
l~ds. St., . --e ia fl~t~ly stiff, d~ias-ally S ~T~le a~d re8i~ita~t ~ ~ ~, ~d,, ~p~ct f r~
~1.-.>~1uoric ~d, ~n ~ot ~tS;~C~' by e~ ' ~ the ~r ,,, g~ t~ ~
~ a~d~o~, co~,c~ete, ~ch ~a~; ~ e ' 3t:
diÇ~e~e~t p .~ ~C~ eri5t~, ig ~r~ue~t~y t a~; t~e ~ate~sl, Eve~ toaay, ~.ft~ 11, i~ par~, bu:lt ~ b~clC o~ s'con~ ~or ~h,~ ~ f~ co~c~e~e OD1Y ~D g~ r-~llr Yalid te~ of ~pipQI; .9~ ~ to ed belo~.
It is ~e a~ect o~ t~ to p~o~;de a~
15 -~oved ~et~ ~ ; tc?~i~ ~e t i~ of r~ 5~ l~e ~t~. ~d a de~ic~
~c~r C ~ ~ut t:he ~ Lho~l, ~;in ~b~eC!t ~ ~ by ~; o~ the ~re~tf~r ~ Cla~ l~ D~l~ ~c~ o~ the ~ c~ ~e ZO ~~ ~e re~t is to~e~it :a~o~i~s, at ~y ti~e. o~ ; !7 ear~L. It i~ a~o Fo~ible ~o u~e ~ c~ pipe~
~he rc~u:i~t~ ,.e~
Z 5~ib~ ~ B_ l'he da~ of ~ ~du~l - ~ ~g ~sd . ~tor~ t~ c~ r~t~i~e~ ~rer ~e p~ e~, Ca~L ~e ~eLr ; ~ 5~
I~ r~r~ iirle, a ~et~ ~or ~~ r~~g ~he ig~~ - o~: p~ -ol ~ e~e~ s~ute~w, B ~ri~led, sn w~ch 0~2e <7r ~ore ~i~ori~g ~h~n-~e ~r r o~ i~r as~ a~ e ~ l o~ p~ E l;~e t~ te~ . ~e ~.ly f a,~ i ng ~
~ r~vl ~o ~ ~Pg F~ as~ ~o~ ~o w~c a~o~e~ ~uch 35 ~e ~e ~ r~ ~ f~ ~ ~~, 0~ t~r~ ~hg~--o~ ry~J are e;g~t~y ~o~ed. T~e ~t:u~lly i in~d ~tor~ ~ n~el~ or t~ ~ o~. ir~ ic~e~ to cl~ e ~Lot~ o~, ~or the e~t~ re pip~li~e ~syst~e~, a uze c~er ~;.~ al~o irtc~ he ~7~i~7 FE8-27-97 15 48 FROM BARRIGAR&MOSS - MISS ID 9052767687 PAGE 8/26 The ~t~S$~ 6 or t~ r op~
fi~1 e~ w~ a ~e~t ~ed~u~ ~de~ st4t~.C ~ _ ~ Can ~e a $:~, ~ ~e cme ~, o~ ~ on tl~e ol~er a~g~ed ~ for ~ he ~ P;~q~y, ~
~o3~ e reSI~ 0~ a ~ re or of ~ ~.~ 0~ ~e e is ~ete~ ~y ~. ~op ~ ~ e C~f the ~e~t ~ tF. E e~ ~e L- ~al o~ ~ defect ca~ be ,~r~~~ :1, wi~ e~c~~
0 ~ earth, ~ ~an8 O~ ~ fille~ ~ater~al ~ch i~ ~nt~-dueed, ~ ~e te~t ~edi~ ~to the c~7~t~ ~tor-~ng c~mel~. At ~e 1~ _ pois~t, ~aid ~illex ~ al c~bi~e. ~t~ e e~ sube~a~Lce, for ~n~le ~.g~
fo~ a ~ l~ye~ ~ i~ 1~1, _ te~ at c~e ~5 ~ t.
~ 5~.fith o~e ~1.1 a~8 ~r~
i ~Cf ~ c~e t~ ot2~er ~a~ia~. Ie ~ al~o Ipos~ le ~ ~se ~,e~ p;, el~ e~e la~e ~ ~oze ~T~eJ~re ~ ~c~ ~lr ~~ a~y ad~tA~e~
20 ~ the aa~e of ~ d. q~Le ~t~r~ ,e ~stly ~a~e a ~eter of le~ t~ 10 ~, ~ partic~
5 ' l'he ~ t~ t~ a . l~o~ ~or ~o~i~r~g 1 r~~ ~6r ~~ pipe~ i~er~ ticula~ o~ l~e ~y~r~ a~ a ~c~ fos carJ:y~y o~ ~e ~.
ss~ -- e ~rR ~c~r dr i ,n~, }- ~ d ~i~ed 10 ~ 3IJ~ 1230, fo~ ~ ti ~ o~ ~e f .~ 6 srr p~ ~ ~e bei~ la'd ~d~ ~ater ~
ar~~as T~r ~ re~re~l 7~ c~re t~ ~o ~age ~ f fr~m the pi~ ul s~ftr ~Wd po~lu~g t~e ..r ~ _ ' . t~r a~d ~alce~ ie ~ ~7h~ b,e ~ to ~e e~r~t ~an be c~r~ ~le i~ t~ ca~ ~t ~E~ lc~
~t~ e ~ Tr~ e~ t~ St~L~ H
pi~s ~ ~3~in~;~ ~t~r p~ote:ti~ a~e~ ~s St~
Si~ 2/90) to d~and per~t a~11 D~l~o~d ti~
20 c~ ~ p pel~e~ It iB a;L~4 lmo~ 5~,~ th~e l~eratu~
B---- ~ ~ce use, for e~ ~ o~ DleetiAs sss~
~, o~ ~i~le -~ ~ pi~e~ ~ic~ ; fffy ~e ~e-, _ ts o~ 8.,~ pipe r~y~. D~; ~ea~ tha~~ pipe i~ g~bjecced t~ a t~t pres~U~ of Z.~ ba~ a~d 2~ ~ ~per~t~ p ~ _ te o~ 1 C ~8r. ~e aa~r~ c~ty ~ t~e pi~e ~ e ~t~ be hi~e~r tl~
act~all~ re~ ed. ~ y ~clc~ r~y ~ic~ pipe~i ar~ u~ed. se~ore c_ ~ dur~ aperat~, be~ore ~ ~pi~ o~ ~e ~a~ vy ~ e yearn a~ter, ~e 30 ~ ~p~ a~ ~e ~ d~in~ er Fro~ecti~n area~;
a re to ~ test4d ~or thei~ t~ ~h~ss The te~j,Ag i8 ~rS c7~e~ opC~c~,lly, ~o~ ~ _ le ;~ e~ 8Y~
~t ~ a ~e~cY~e~ ~ect~ ~ ~8 c~e oE a }ealc :L~
~i p~ cct~ t ~ e det- ~A ~y 35 ~ t~a~ of ~e ~a~h alo~ t~e l~e. ~t ~ ~o~, ~; _-~ e~ to ~se da~ Led p~pes, i~ order ~o~ it te ~ ~1~ t:o ~at<;~ nez pi~e by t~ ,~7e a~ arou~ ~e lat~er.
308tly pipen mad~ fro~ B~U -e ~i~ are FB8-27-97 15 48 FROM BARRIGAR~MOSS - MISS ID 9052767687 PAGF 7/26 2 ~ O ~ 3 6 0 ~ ;l u ~ ~e th~c ~eliver ~rt~ ly g~l ~t:g e~
1~ ~ s:~e c~e o~ -te~ o~ ~-ter~, _ ~ '~e~ extre~
~ ~ca~ ~~ r tbe~l, 0~ DI
l~ds. St., . --e ia fl~t~ly stiff, d~ias-ally S ~T~le a~d re8i~ita~t ~ ~ ~, ~d,, ~p~ct f r~
~1.-.>~1uoric ~d, ~n ~ot ~tS;~C~' by e~ ' ~ the ~r ,,, g~ t~ ~
~ a~d~o~, co~,c~ete, ~ch ~a~; ~ e ' 3t:
diÇ~e~e~t p .~ ~C~ eri5t~, ig ~r~ue~t~y t a~; t~e ~ate~sl, Eve~ toaay, ~.ft~ 11, i~ par~, bu:lt ~ b~clC o~ s'con~ ~or ~h,~ ~ f~ co~c~e~e OD1Y ~D g~ r-~llr Yalid te~ of ~pipQI; .9~ ~ to ed belo~.
It is ~e a~ect o~ t~ to p~o~;de a~
15 -~oved ~et~ ~ ; tc?~i~ ~e t i~ of r~ 5~ l~e ~t~. ~d a de~ic~
~c~r C ~ ~ut t:he ~ Lho~l, ~;in ~b~eC!t ~ ~ by ~; o~ the ~re~tf~r ~ Cla~ l~ D~l~ ~c~ o~ the ~ c~ ~e ZO ~~ ~e re~t is to~e~it :a~o~i~s, at ~y ti~e. o~ ; !7 ear~L. It i~ a~o Fo~ible ~o u~e ~ c~ pipe~
~he rc~u:i~t~ ,.e~
Z 5~ib~ ~ B_ l'he da~ of ~ ~du~l - ~ ~g ~sd . ~tor~ t~ c~ r~t~i~e~ ~rer ~e p~ e~, Ca~L ~e ~eLr ; ~ 5~
I~ r~r~ iirle, a ~et~ ~or ~~ r~~g ~he ig~~ - o~: p~ -ol ~ e~e~ s~ute~w, B ~ri~led, sn w~ch 0~2e <7r ~ore ~i~ori~g ~h~n-~e ~r r o~ i~r as~ a~ e ~ l o~ p~ E l;~e t~ te~ . ~e ~.ly f a,~ i ng ~
~ r~vl ~o ~ ~Pg F~ as~ ~o~ ~o w~c a~o~e~ ~uch 35 ~e ~e ~ r~ ~ f~ ~ ~~, 0~ t~r~ ~hg~--o~ ry~J are e;g~t~y ~o~ed. T~e ~t:u~lly i in~d ~tor~ ~ n~el~ or t~ ~ o~. ir~ ic~e~ to cl~ e ~Lot~ o~, ~or the e~t~ re pip~li~e ~syst~e~, a uze c~er ~;.~ al~o irtc~ he ~7~i~7 FE8-27-97 15 48 FROM BARRIGAR&MOSS - MISS ID 9052767687 PAGE 8/26 The ~t~S$~ 6 or t~ r op~
fi~1 e~ w~ a ~e~t ~ed~u~ ~de~ st4t~.C ~ _ ~ Can ~e a $:~, ~ ~e cme ~, o~ ~ on tl~e ol~er a~g~ed ~ for ~ he ~ P;~q~y, ~
~o3~ e reSI~ 0~ a ~ re or of ~ ~.~ 0~ ~e e is ~ete~ ~y ~. ~op ~ ~ e C~f the ~e~t ~ tF. E e~ ~e L- ~al o~ ~ defect ca~ be ,~r~~~ :1, wi~ e~c~~
0 ~ earth, ~ ~an8 O~ ~ fille~ ~ater~al ~ch i~ ~nt~-dueed, ~ ~e te~t ~edi~ ~to the c~7~t~ ~tor-~ng c~mel~. At ~e 1~ _ pois~t, ~aid ~illex ~ al c~bi~e. ~t~ e e~ sube~a~Lce, for ~n~le ~.g~
fo~ a ~ l~ye~ ~ i~ 1~1, _ te~ at c~e ~5 ~ t.
~ 5~.fith o~e ~1.1 a~8 ~r~
i ~Cf ~ c~e t~ ot2~er ~a~ia~. Ie ~ al~o Ipos~ le ~ ~se ~,e~ p;, el~ e~e la~e ~ ~oze ~T~eJ~re ~ ~c~ ~lr ~~ a~y ad~tA~e~
20 ~ the aa~e of ~ d. q~Le ~t~r~ ,e ~stly ~a~e a ~eter of le~ t~ 10 ~, ~ partic~
3 ~ ~ ~re ~ fa~e~ gl~ff~
o t}le ~1 ~f t~e p~pel~e ~ th~ :I.o~i~d-~nal dire~c~n ~ eof ~r~ t~e aper~ti~ (ca~i~ to 25 ~ f~-ture ~e ~ e~ , or they ~e .t,~ r~ a ~l~le 2~ e~1.al a~ ~e-l~ce t~elet~ ~d e~ be fro~ ~ ~11 o~ e pipel:ine af ter t~Le 3~o~ ~ d~ e~. ~rA~ ~ Ca~ .also be p~a~d~
~ t~ ~:a~t~, operaeic~ ~y a Lol id core~ f ~
3C ex~ple m~e ol~ ~etal ~ t~L a ~e~lc7~ roA~ ~e 8a~d ~re i~ su~.3e5a~L~ly dra~ out o~ ~o p~pe ~1~ aga~, e ~ the ~r1~ipl e o~ a~ ~er~al ~ro~c~, ~ea~g ~r~br~ted a~d~r be~ ~ot~ Of the ~ t~i~or~ e~ addi~ t7~ ee~ :~ ~e 35 ~ e~. ~he la~ter t~ -~}A~d3 a~e 8~8~0d ~ 1~ csa~e o- pi~?e7ire~ ~ade o~ c~ e~e I~ea~l of t~ cori~
C'~P'~ t~laT op~nir,~f tbe~ ~ B ~11 of ~e o~e ar ~e, fo~ e~ e ;~~ tor~g r7 s o~ ~ular ~p~i~e a~:e ~ ~d d~s~r;~ted FEB-27-97 15 48 FROM BARRIGARaMO55 - MISS ID 9052767687 PAGE 9/26 ~ 2 0 0 3 6 0 o~re~ ~he c~o~ ;ect~o~ of ~e pip~
~5 ~ ~ of laryer di~te~ ~ah ~l~o ~e U~- ~o~
e~xcpl~, a ~ou~e ~ t~ pip~ ca~ ~e ~ 7~ ~UC~
~t ~ ~ k~ are ~ ~e~ ~e ~utc~ ~
S ~ ~e i~ne~ i8 ~ ~r-7~-c~ t~e c~o-t~-8~ct~ the ~$ ~ ir q, ch.~-e~ wh~.~. a~e a.,. ~.~ ~ f~ y di.~ e~ ~d 8 ~u~t ~ lce ~Le ~ ~, ~e t~lng ~-h~ F a~e ~oi~ a~ ir e~ to ft~ er m~t~rs2~ c~ 8 o~ t~e foll~ p~ . ~y fc~-a e~lr ~ a~ ~ re~u~. At a ~rti~g po~t, a ~e~t ~edi~, ~h ~ a ga~i o~ a ~ Lid, u~der 8ta~ c ~_ c is ;~itted to ~ ~ of ~ ~o~tor~g ~b~ y ~el c~a~ d i& e~ s'y ~ ~ pre~
- o. ~p~ ~t~ he ~ ~JJe a~
~s ~r" e ~:?te* ~elo~ a~ ~ prL~ch~er. ~e te~t ~ed~ a~ bc co~e~ ? ' a~, a ga~ cer o~ a :2s~ al ~e~ , it ca~ ~0 ~ ~8 ~iC~ - 7~ 7~a~ po~t, ~iC~L ~ a~ ~a~e doe~ Aot ~Ct c~ c~l.ly a~dJ~
o~i~e~y t~ e ~efo~e t~ g~ p~nFPe ~ ~e pu~p ~t~
a5 ~ ~ori~ C~ , Y~a a ~ i~ sec~
. ~$s i~ ir-~ n~ he p~e~ re ~ .e~
e as~ t~at ckn~;Ye~- of t3se no~:zle ~re dete~eA.
l y, c~e pre~ eam c~ ~Le nc~s~le do~s ~t ~ ~ ~e ~ ~e Of a ~ealc 5~ t~e piPe~e sy~t~, ~ut;
30 . t a~ ~a~ d~g~tly ~ ~cal~.ey. i~ 7-~e C~ be . .,,~ r~ted ~: p;~r~llel ~th ~e first, ~r ~ e o~
~ ar~ ri~g p~ ~e pr~<led ~lo~ ~2e E 3;~ i~e sr~t~". At thelse po~t~ r ~t ~5 ~ ure, ~or ex~le ~ ~ea ~r ~res~ure se~-record 'ch~ ~e~pe~:ti~re p~e~.-~e pr~i 1 i.-~ ~ t:b,e ~or;~T c~ the ~o~
ri~ poin~a D~e ~gly t~ h~ a ~, a l~a~Xage ~o~t; ~t ~v~ e~ ' ~ -.. e-FEB-27-97 15 49 FROM BARRlGARaMOSS - MISS ID 9052767667 PAGE 10/26 ~036 ~
~e ~ m ~ ri~ ~t~ e l~ra~ 7tJ~ pe~.~
t~ 8 ~o ~ e~id. F~e ~ 7eioD ~elds ~e precise la~tf.as~ of t~e le~ po~ f~~ a e~ ~ c-~l a~ d~ C2J.
take~s ;~co-~e o2~ p~e~8u~e drcp ~er ~e le~gt~ of t~e S p~ .ine.
PQ~ e~e ~- ~6- of a ~c7re ,;k~ ~l e~lo~-t~o~ o~
~e ~ , a ~ r 0~ ex~pl~ e~t~ 0 dA!vices ~or ~or~g ~ ti~ o~ pip~l~8 p~rt~ r ~~ li~e ~y~;~e~, ar~ ~e~ic~l~e~ b--le~r ~it~
Fig~e 1 ~ a ~ g~ti~: L~r~Oat~C ~~tt:h o~ a fi~t . ~ ~t c~ a ~ e fo~ ~to~t~ e t~ 5 of pip~e ~9'C~, F~ gu~e 2 ~h4w8 ~ ~ ~ ~tD~ at~ Ai. ~r~
~5 p~o~t~g ~e le~r~ o~
pirzlir~ sys~ JAtr~ ~eed l~e, ~igu~e 3 ~o~ ~ la~eral 8ec~0~al ~iff~ O~ S~
t of ~e dwice ~o~ J~t to~g tl~
0~ rtpe~l i n ~ s~te~, 2a F~gure ~ 8 ~ a cro~ eat~ rs~ o~ a aOS~a riP~J ~r -, F~yu~ 5 shuw~ a Cro~B-~e~Q~l ~ev of ~ ~_~
_~od~t o~ a ~E e~
F~ e 6 sho~ 8 l;~te~ t~o~ a ~aft ~
~5 rip~r~6 eF~~ ~ ee d~ .~t d~reet ~ c~, ~d '~g~e 7 ~;~ a cro~s-~ec~~ o~ a ~r~
4wbo~li~e o~ a pipe~
A ~t; ~ t of a cl~:ice for ~tori2~ ~e 30 ~ ~Ç p~rel~s la, lh ~ ~ a ~ - J'~~
~-ketch ~ F~ e 1 ~ne piE~ la, 1 , ~e J.~rX~S~n~s~ by a half 6,e~t~o~ of ~e~ ~ oute~
; 2~, 2b. A~4e.1 i~i~e the~-e o~e~ ~11~ 2~, 2b a~e o~e or zore ~C~U~'-J ~' _18 3. ~e ~a~or are 3~i ~ov~ l d~ ~tr~ te~ o~ t~a cro~A-~tio~ of~
riPe~ a, lb. ~e ~; tor~g ~ ~or e~c~
F p~l; - e i8 L.~ ~ Pigu~e ~ e c~ p~
~a, ~b ~re ~ho~ ln t~e reglo~ a~ r ~leev~ jo~t ~0 The sl~re ~c~t ~ jo~8 ~e p~-l~ 1~ ~d ~ a~
FE8-27-97 15 49 FROM BARRIGARaMOSS - MISS ID 9052767687 PAGE 11/26 , ~e ~ito~ r' ~ 3a a~d 3b. 5~e ~i~3g 3c $~ ps~ded ~s~e t~e ~lee~ 4~. q~e ~t%li~c!r I ~ 3~, 3~ a~d 3~ ar~ ~ e D;~
P~ ded ~ - ~ ~ ~h~ ~lee~e ~t 4O a~ ~he t~o ~al 5 2a, 2~ o~ ~ ~;r~~ ?R 1,~, ~, inoide a ya~ 5 }~n~
tl~er~ ~ ~e Wt~ 8~e j<;~ tog~the~, iS a ~eal 6, for es~mple g~u~e~ or a ~ g with f~ e 1 *ater~al~ or ~e li3ce.
~hR mnn~to~ ~ 3 ~ f~e~ ~ro~ t~e 0~ ~ ~SO~ ~.h~....~l 3a wi~ a ~e~e _3~ 7, ~c~
.~ at a p~e~icr~ ~t .~ he~ b~
~tE~_ sc~ t~e 'ce8t ..e ~i 7 ~ Le ~ ~lecl ~ a c~e ~ ; 3 ~e ~ at ~oue e~d 4f ~e r~ P 1. ~e~e t~e ~ , or p~id~
15 ~ ~ d-f~F~e ~ ~ler to ~'ca~ a ~-tosed ~~t . ~e ~c~ o f ~e ~o~tor~
fi 3, ~e~e t~ tori~g ~ l 3a. i~ ~ oin~ to a fe~ li~e 8 ~he ~ ~d~u~ 7 is ~n~ ~n CO~p~ F ~ ~ ~ in~c~ th~~ 3, 0~ ~
Z~ ~be--- f ~or~g ~~ho~l ~ 3, by o~ a pu~ P, o~ a ~ - _ r~ , 3 0~ to tbe ~ -tor~ a~ 3 ~ the feed l~e 8 S~ r i8 d~ed belo~ p~-~P ~ ~r. ~ st~t~c ~ ~
~ iC~ p..,.~--c~l ~y t~e p~ p ~or ~e ~egt~ iu~ 18 25 ca~ ca~ rely lo~. ~t ~ O a ~, for ~pl~. 3~e p7~p cs~ t~fo~ re ~ cc~ct de8~g~ a~ be l~r p~er. ~e ~; ~ e o~ t~e te~-~di~ 7 ~n the ~litor~ ~h~ el~ ~ is 22ig~er .~
f ~e ~ .~t~rio~ 16 ~If th~ p~pe~i~e 30 1. ~4 ~ t~ e ~r~m ~ei~g ab10 ~o p~ o ~he ~o~t~or~g rhA~e1 ~ ~ the eve~t c~f a 1_~le and ~1 9~
the~ ~ue is ~e, ~ te~ ~edium ~ e~ e-A ~i~ or ~er 9~ ~ li~J~ iu~ whic~ ~or~; ~ cea~
~t}., a~,y ~ ~ ~C ~lCh mi~ ~ S~, as~ld ~ ~ '~y ~e 3~ ces~t~ the l~a~c of it~ ~ aG-:or~.
~8~ ~5 se~tio~ ~, ~Rre a Si~t ~zz~
~he fed l~e ~ ~e~.. ~he pu~ P a~a el~ 3a, Sa;d ~eaE~ sec~
~c~re~, p~ ~mined drop ~ b~ sebt ~m FEB-27-97 15 49 FROM BARRlGARaMOSS - MISS 1O 905276.697 PAGE 12/26 ~036n , ~e. ~e ds~ r~-e c~ ~ n~e~. Fa~
>'~~ 5 ~o~ ~-- u~ e p~es~ure, ~ e~le ,r 7 ~r prSe~ ~e Y~ ~5_0, sre p~ ed u~s~ea~ a~ ~ t . of S~ 7~1e 9. ~e p~- _e ~ ;r P~ ~e'cesm~eel the ~ r~ L of '~e ~7 ~r ~aSur~g ~ ~ 9~ a~ t~ ~es~e ~ ~ P~ doe~
t~e ~se ~OWC~ ~L~. T~ r~ ~at ~ d~stred~ of the ~az~le 9 i~; ~e ~ t~g ~ralue A~
7~to t~e ~8~e ch~be~ af ~R ~i~:or~
10 3 at ~ ~re~e- ~ d t~
~q~, ~, ~ec~d D~zzl ~Z ca2~ .o~ ~ ee~ ~ ~ar~lel ~th thR fir~5t ~o~ole 9. ~ ~vo 13 ~ th~
~ced patb c~f ~e ~ 12 T~ d ~--~ ~le 12 c~ ~e ~ct~ ,d ~~pti~lly a~ J. ~e~ult~
l!; A furtl~ D~ for ~ ~g ~s~e~ ~
~s~--e 5-~Q07; P" i'- a~ 3, at t~e ~nd ~ 5:~e Et i. p~d~d 2t a ~ ~t~g po;U~t ~t, for exa~ple ~t ~et~ f~a~ value 3~ o~ t~ 7e e~e .
~ae ~o~e o~ C~rati~L o~ rice ~8 tC~ be ed ~ ~ore detall ~lq Yi~ t1~ a~d of ~ig~re 2 Figu~ ~ ~ a ~ e~ ~ _ c~raCt~i~sit: d~gr~
S~ ~c~ t~f3 pre~e ~ is plot:ted ~A~ ~ - t ~e l~gt:~ 1 o~ ~e r~ 7~ J a, ~b, the feed l~e 8 ~8 t~e ~ ~;eet~ 9. O~e c~re ~ La~ f~ a ~;t~r~g vaJ~se Al c~f ~e te~ e ~~e ~c~e ~ozzle 9 ~
~perat~ w}~le a ~ ~ ~ i3 ~ho~ ~or a ~tarti~g ~a;L~e a~ cf ~e to~t ~;~ ~. ,~a e ~e~e t~ ~o-s~e 12 is ~ rer~ . ~e p~es~ d~ ~r ~ e~tir~
3a Df the p~e~Ure ~h~ af ~h~ manito~ chan3el~ 3a 3b ~d the ~ed l~e 8 i8 ploSted c~e~ ~e ent~re ~e~
~e te~t ~li~ i~L the ~i~or~y ~ 7~ 3 iA
_t a c~t p~ ~te o~ r~ ?re8~-3~ ~re iS c~s~ "1 ~ y ~he ~Y~D a~ all pO~6 of the p~e-;~nea ~ S~e ~ hor~octal l~e ehu~
~ate~ tne ~t~tc of rc~t ~ ~ ~h~ e~tire p~e~ure ~ tatic p~ e o~h~ ~e~t ~ ~~ -~ 7 ~ ~e ~t~g ~ 3 iei f~ll~ eo~t~t i~ t~; c;~
FEB-27-97 15 50 FROM BARRICAR&MOSS - MISS ID 9052767687 PACE 13/26 ~ ~ 0 0 3 6 ~
o t~ ~ ~ 0~ ~e pUI~ 2 ~ t~e c~e of y t~s~t ~:ip-lino 1 ~d s~ ly t~g~t pa~ rc~
t~e pU~p P ~o the -~ g po~nt 1~ ,L e~ _ iu d~~te~ e 2~X$ms~. ~e A~ ~e t~
5 ca~e~ ~e real ~tatc ~f rest R~. ~ thi~ Cage, .~C~ ~;
i~ t~ ~rer t~e ~r~ls~ ~e los~es ~.~ t~e p~t~
e p~ to ~e ~ea~:~r~ po~e 1., ~ Occ~ ~e~
~t~OUt a ~ ~t 11. ~e ~ e ~tor-,.~ ...-~1.~1 3 n~ 50 ~'~ ~OpS ~l~t~y ave!~ t~e~ le~sg~
C0s~8Ca~t Rec-.~ of as- ~c~,$o~ of te~st _8"~
thc ~ ~ ~ar~e-~ fr~3L ~ v~lue p, ea ~e value p;~
~lon~ t~e mea~ur~ng ~ iost 0~ o-~ e pres~ure C~p 18 F~l ler 0~ l~ger ~ 0~ ~e ~oz21e 9 tl~e ~nt 12 ic t~e alre~ly ~t~ e~ i~g ~ue ~
2 at t~ ta~ of the ~o~tor~ ~ 3a The ~ur~e~ co~lrX~ o~ t~e C~e i~ ~e ~ ate ~or t~
st~ti~g ~ra}~e A~ the Raid ~ ~Act~i~stic ~ ~iLe, 20 ~ ehR ~eal ~a~e~ little ~ by ~Q~e~. it is ~
~racter~:t~ R~, ~t a ~ta~t~ ~l~e A~, teriBtic~ R'~." a~d R'~ ~ Ret ~p ~ ~ to ~e ~c~eri~ti~ a ~d 3~".. A ~ ~a ~P ~ or R' ~ ~ al~o ~et up ~e~, ~or 'Ce8t p~Q08e6, ~e ~
25 ~~q:r 0~ ~e ~IOfrLit~ ~ g ~ t3 ~B not ~ er~ at t~e ~ ue ra~er i~ pr~aed ~ a ~ 3 op~i~ ~or p~''~iT~ a ~all m~ ~ . Per --~e ~itori~ of ~e flo~ ~,~,h the ~ ~f~ ~ing is ~e~ pro~d.
If a 1~?A1--e pc~t ~ ~ ~e a~
30 F;~ ~~r 1a, 1~ 0~ ~ t~e ~eVe ~, ~e t~t ~
eYC7,p- ~ ~ere. T~e lea~ Je po~t 11 i8 ~A~ ;ed ir, ~kslu~e 1 i~ t~e re~ic~ o~ t~e ~lee~ ~e rea~cL ~or t}~6 co~l~ ~o lea~ 1~ ~e Lo~l 6. ~re t~e rlga8~ for ~c that ~ ou~er ~a~l 2a, z~ o~ ~e p;~ c~ 1~, lb 35 .s ~ ~r ~ c ~o~or~ ~ 3a, 3~ or ;u~:Lar c~i~ a~a_d ~ ~e wall ~re~c toge~e~ ~h ~he p~ a/ 117. Th~re i~ a pressr~;re dr~ 3t e~e ~o~ p~i~t, ~ce ~e te~t -,, it is ~t ~eadily ~ o dete~e ~ecc~
FEB-27-97 15 50 FROM BARRlGARaMOSS - MISS ID 9052767S87 PAGE 14/28 ~ 2 0 0 3 6 0 ~e ~ue a~ ~a~d t,~ ~p, ui ~e ~he ~rec~se le;~ J~ po~t S n ini~ally ~ot )c~ he ~_D--~e P~-~
P~ re ~ * ~ d~tt:~l li~e~ ;Ct i~
o~ly i~l~y ~t i~ ~t ~ st ro~Q~ o ~ly 5 a ~s}S e~ g~ ~t 11~ F~ loca:L-~n z;eq~re~ a fu~:~es ~ r,t ~ c~lculati~
u ~y, a~ po~t 11 ~:a~ t~ be ~ ~ r ~ ~ t ~ ~n~ ~ the p~in~ 2 ~ a ~ c~y lC ~Le~ e~ 4.
~f, ~ c po~t 1" the ~ ~e E ~f the pr~b6ure p, ~lo~ ~w secti~ u~er c~r ~ e _ ~tio~ ;~
d~er~ a~ a Y~lue ~h ~8 s~ler th~ tho ~r~ ~e P~ t C~ e ~ ls ~ a lea~c ~
15 o~ aa be~ee~ t~e po;~t 1~ ~e po~t 1~. ~he t~o ~ralue~ ~ ~nd p~ a~e co~e~ted t~ e a~ot:~r i ~aS~r~ ~ Fig~e 2 hy a s~r~ght l~e ~4 . ~e ~l~p~ o f t~e ~ re of t~Q. -r~t~ re~ ce~ o~ t:~Q
r~rA7 ~ r~z- ~he ~tar~:~ng value ~2~ ~h.. COarLe ~o 1b~ tio~ ~us $t;~te~ t~t ~e pre~ure o~ tl~e 1~
~t S8 to 4~ ~oAA OU ~e ~a~ t l~e 14 be~ e t lz ~d ~e po~ ~2t ~ ~f 1:~A lealc ~ to ~e p~eci _ P~y at ~he po~t 1~ 1; Yatson i~ ~e~
ca~ a~ t~i~ ~O~Lt 1~ e p~ ~ ia t~ t a ~a~
25 , ~d ~P~~ ly -~ ~e a~ t s . i~ pc)~t.
~ ~r ~e ~se ~ v~i~h ~e lea3- 11 ~s posi~;r~~' ~t pr~c:~Fly ~ ~e rQg~o~ of the _ '~ po~, the po~t 1~,, bU~ ~t~ t~e po~rLt 1, a~d the po~t ~
3~ ~~~ t be per~o~l d~ffere~tly Th~ ~est ~ tat~ y p~c~ ys ~e ~ito~ els 3 ea~ ~e ~ t~l A~ ~se b~ o~
t~f po~3r of ~e E'~P and of t~ ~ol~e o~ t~e ~o~g - ~n~lL 3, ~t i~ ~o ~;a~ of t~c y~P~_~ ~h~- ' i ~iC~
35 ~ a~ilable. ~ e o~ ~ ~ealc ~1, t~e g~ ~olu~e ~1~ ~ro~ d ~ c~r as~ ~ ~ol~ ~ c flo~r.
T a ~f~c~ Lt~ ~,~g~ 3.ealc 11, ~e ~ .~ c ~ ~ aQd ~he ~ctioG 9, acC~g a8 ~ ~t~r~l ~e~
FEg-27-97 15 50 FROM BARRIGAR~MOSS - MISS ID 9052767687 PAGE 15/26 . 2 2 0 0 3 6 . . . - 10 --~ce o~ t~ e8~ ~~~~ ? . ~ ~ e p~ a~
e, is ~ur~ at r~e o~ ~ poa~t ~,. I~e ,t_ ~ 0~ ~e ~o~r~g ~ ~9~ ifl rela~ 5~ y h~gh ~ ca~ ~e dete~l2~ t i~ o po~o~le ~ d~c~e s ~e ~tr~c fl~ se~ up. T~ ~e~;r- - oi ~e ~e, ~ Cv- L~ ?. 'rhe ~?oS~t ~
~ch t~e le~c ~; vC~ c~ ~e ~te~sd ~ t~ ,.~e d~o~ e pre~su~e 5~ . a~ t~e ~ r~ in~ , C0~3~
10 ~t~ the resis~ce o~ ~e ~to~g ~l -nnol ~ a~. ~4 vo~u3~t~1c fla~ fi~ly, t~ ~r e B~; ~e i~ ~
tio~l to the ~ c~ te~ he ~ he te~ ~Pd~ u~ in t.he ~ ~e c~sibe~ o~
~ ~r~ a~l Of the foed l:~e a~d frao ~e ~ric~i~ 7 15 re~ -e o~ sec~ of ~ ~~ r--e fee~l ~e ~Ircv~ ~y ttl th~ 18Y of ~en-Po~ e, t~
~t~ Q 2~;,~ ~ or t~ tr~ of th~ ~1~;iLC ~1 op~ o the p~uct c-lc~ eA ~r~ ~e 2~.
R'~:r ~e asea of S~e ~it ~ ~ 3 ~o ~
2C pavcr ~d ~ ~e d~f~i -- of ~ ~ ~;, ~4re p~-p,~, a~d ~,~L"_ly ~-v~oc~c~ol to t2Le ~ t c7~ 7~c~
fr70~ t~e les~ 13 1~ 'Co ~e lealc a~ ~ ~ ~~:~c~
e~t. ~he fr~ ct~ ~e~i6~ o~ e e~r4 ~ e~an sDa~de ~p of t~e ~t~r~ C~ 3 a~ ~eed 25 1~ S Ca~ ~e ~let~;~ed. ~ a ~I;~;~y t,otsC, ~
~r~ C~ 7 con$t~t~ a~ be ~a~ ed c~ref ~. ~he Q = { ~J (8~) ~ ~ (a~ ,) Jl33 R~}
o 3 G 13 ~ {~J~3)] ~(~-a,~ ~Q~ R'}
~ ~e -- P.' ~a ~t~y ~ i8 ~;ld~ f ",~ ~ ~aB~e~t~
rei~a~ to ~ ~g ~ecti~ ~. ~e l~e 15 3~ ec~ ~ies ~ id~al, no~ p~e~re C ~ ~cteriLt~C
b~ ~t 11 a~ ~e poi~t 1" ~i ~7~t a ho~ ~G~ C drop- ~e l~e 15a, by ~o~ra~t, 'fi ~ ~-he ~arac~er~ ntic ~t~ ~ pre~~~ ~Dp FEB-27-97 15 51 FROM BARRlGARaMO55 - M155 ID 9052767687 PAGE 16/26 ~00360 ~af fect~l ~ ~ es) bet~ tlle t~ p~ Q 11 a~ ~ _ S~e ~e ~i 1;F. ~ e ~etue~ t~e ~ ~ ~alues ~8 ~ i~t, t~e s~r~d p~0~~e p~' c;~
ideal v~lue fo~ calc~sla~ e lengt~ .
S ~ h ~ A~"y!ra~L ~. ~Y g~ 2, ~ 61i~ht ~Çfe~ e ~~e a~d re;~ v~lue cr~tical f~r lo~ ~ t~e l ~ e ~oi~t 11.
If tl~e lealc 11 ~,~ ~f;c~ ly l~rge, t}~e ~t~re e~t ~ ~ e ~8 to ~ f~
la lewe~ ~he ~ t~ -~ls 3 at ~ po~t. At:
e~ ~ poi~t, the~ i~ ~ce~y ~y ~re te:st ~e r,~SV~e ot~ ~;t ~all~ to ze~o ~ere ~n t~ ca~;e_ ~iuiet hi ~si~ ~ 60 c~cc~ ~ e~B
15 case Of ~he ~se c~f small ~ ors; o~ p~e~ w~ te~:t ~iu~ e~srses frwL t~e x~l .~, e ~ ~ ~e e~e~t of a 1~3c. ~e p~p ' ~reasc~ ; ol~t~?~t ~til ~ ~ E
~5 ----i ~ va~lue It at~emptJi t}~f~ tc p ~_ a~d ~iAtai2~ t~Le ~et ~re~ o~ tes~ ~u~. ~e ~et 2~ ~QiSe~ ~u:Ld t~u~ c~
~ or the ~ ~ o~ r~y lg~ali7;~ a da~a5~d ~ e, ~ is helpful to hav~, d~er ~e route of t~
p~pel i~ e~ur~ ~e~lf~ p~i~fi ~ch ~ it ill t~ detect at lea~ Le ~ect~o:~ a~d the zS loca~i~ v~a ~ e~ y_. . "i~t ~_ c4~ ~ t:he ~e, e~re~ ~ t~e ~a~e of lar~e ~lefect~. ~e p~eci~e t~c~ o~ la~ge ~efecl~A ~11 ~ y to ~ t ~L
e field. ~ ~ce ~e~e are ~~ c~ e' ~ ctr~c~u~
~e~c~ or ~~ atO~
~g~e 3 '_~L~ ~-. .t~ a la~ ect~ ~ie~ 4~
a ~ ecc~l ~ t ~ ~ ~ice ~ ~o~tor~ t~e ti~ht~nn of pipe ~ y~t~s. 3:n 1 ~ , a el~ 4~ i~ p~2s~Led ~rer t~e c~ t-~l~f, rorLffl~ te~
e~ n~ p~p-~5- i la ~e ~ a ~.a~,_l ~s ~e gap 5 bet~ee~ ~e Fl c~
o~ ~c o~er ~rall 2a of ~e ~;r~ la are ~
~ey h~e ~ or ~ e~ec~ o~ c., _~ to a~d i . d~ ~it2~ y~ vct, ~0 ~e p~
eriar 16 T~e teut ~ed t~ 7 p~nr~ded ~ t~c m~ito~g FEB-27-97 15 51 FROM BARRIGAR&MOSS - MIS5 ID.9052767687 PACE 17/26 2~0~36~
-- 12 ~
~-n~ 3a, 3b c~ r~A~ y ~ e g3p !~
~ a, 6~. ~ ~ito~y ~ 3a, 3b are ~pert to~a~d~ t3~e g~. ~e yap 5 i~ t~ ~ pa~t o~ t~
~ ~e < h-- ~ o:~ t.~ ~to~i~g t~ e 3~., 3~, I~ t~e te~t ~ ~; ~ e~erges ~1.. t:~o ~eal ~a, ~e l~a' ~ ~t i~; lo~ ~1 i~ d~ d~8a~bed. ~ t~e ~a~ ~~e~. r~O~ 7~ tall;e~ pla~e fc~e tegt ~ e~e~geB ~~WI ~e ou~e~ ~11 2a o~
~ 1~ a C~c~ e l~e oCc~ ~e.. Si~e it: i8 lQ ~8tl5~ p~pel~es ~i~ ~ th Of ~s--:~~tely 50 ~ch ~re ~oined t~ge~e~, t~e ~ o~tE~ C~ ~e pra~r~ d~ ~ ~e ~ f ev~y Y~ 4 05r ~f e~r~Y
ird, e~c . slee~e g ~ I~ the c~e ~ ~; p~~
~ gth o~ w.~tely ~00~ ~ ~d a~ lC~d lS ~ ~e ~ L ~ ~aLt~ pro~ee~;~ a~s, fc~r r at ~ end~ of ~ r~ o~ else t~ere--6~~ . It i~ ~ff~ ~e -~o p~csvid~ a ~ ne~s ~-~r ~ e ~e~ h~- l ~ be zo ~i~le to ~ter~te ~al~ ~ ~4~ a~ ce~ ~ta-ti~ ~e ~itor~s of t1~ 4 and o~ t~e o~
~_ 1 q ~ of t~ pip~ 7'n--- ~ i8 t~ perf~ ~ ~ co~
ly. ~e i~ t~ e r~ 2~
~ aD tl~e~ be ~ ~.r~ta~' a~ a ~ ~7~7y pa~el ~ t~e Z~ ~: t---1 co~sol roo~ ~e re~ult8 ca~ ~e eva~n~e~
~n8 o~ ~ c~ter ~ a~ al~ ca~ ~e set o~f ir~ t}~
~e ~ a ~B~ p.
A lealcage ~o~ 11 ca~ ~e ~ ~e C~8 ~~f ~el~s~ ty~e$. P~,;~ the p~ p, tke te8t ~edi~ 7 'B
~p"~ ate ~4a~s wb~c~ at the ~o~ lt 1~ upc~ e. I~ re~ctc, ~or ~ -~1~, ~t~
~e ~e~i~s emergi~g ~ e leak, for ~, o~ ~he aute~ ~~ A I~ the eart~ ~e J ~_~e r_~ t~e 80~9e i~ l~er ~a~ ~t oI~ ~e te~t 1~ i~ o~ t ~ a, leak, to ~
~ - ,C ~7~ ~ ~t~ t~ in ~uitor~ r~v~ 3 a~a c ~09 sr~-~g or ~lqc~ th~. ~en se~ect~ t~e te~e ~l;u~
~ r i ~ ~t ~e l~er do~ ~ resc~
C te~ ~C~ ;L~ :L~ a~ r~ o~7t~e o~ o~ ff~ p;l~ c t~C ~r FEB-27-97 15 51 FROM BARRIGAR~MOSS - MISS ID 9052767687 PAGE 18/26 ~ ~ O 0 3 6 0 ~ e DLediu~sL, fo~ e~ca~le ~e, ~1a~i~g i~ thQ
r l~i~e. c>~t 1.
F~ur~ 4 ~h~ a cro~-~ect~ ~i~ O~ a ~0 q- ~ r~ - la ~e ~i~ la ~a6 ~s o~ter S w~ll ~a ~ ~ ~r ~1~ 17. Tr~ t~ ~teria.l o~ ~
li~ce caD ~e pro~ ed be~ t~2e ~o ~all~ 2~, ~ 7 . A6 a ~el;ul'c, ~e ~ner pip~ protect~d ~t ~lg~c loa~d~
act~ ou the ou~e~ ~ w~,, it ~s ~c;~le t~
a~ the ~ito~i~g ~els 3a ~ t:he ou~:e~ ~11 2a, 1~ ~e~ i~ ~de~ ~ l~igher load, ~o~ .- ~ ~ to the ear~ L~ d outer pipe ~d ~o a~y t~ ~e ~~uc~ n~ e c~~e 0~ e P~E ~
prav~ Lio~ i~ D~de of ~; t~r~g cl~ ~ade of a ~hF~~~ ly lc ~ le, brea~ e or ~;Lt~le s~te~ial 15 breal~ tog~ther ~th t~ ~t~r~ in ~ot ~e~ O~
w~ile t~ la~tax i~ be~ ~ - '. Gla~ ic~lar~y ~itable ~or ~ he s~i~or~ r~ ca~, ~ .~e~
~1 ~o be 1n~ ced a~ fl~ib~ e ho~e-li~ ari~g ch~-, ~;L' ~to the dan~ ~ ~1 w~le ~ pipc ~ g c;~
2C ~fte~ dry~g, t~y can ~ e ~ed fr~ ~e ~rd p~pe beins dra m ~t~ re pr~3,~ T2~e lat~er rele~se the t~ it ~edi~, ~ ~e e~t; o~ lrs ~, V~ ~e ~al~ of the pipe, e~n ~e g~i~ckly tha~
d~ g~a88 3Dnito~i~g ~
25 j T~ ~4~i~or~g ~ iel~ 3 can-be a~au~d ~ a pipel~e 1 o~ rcn ~ cross-~iecti~, ~ut a~ i a pipe~e 1 of a~uJ,a~ cr~ e~tic~, a6 ~ ~igu~e 4 ~n t~e case o~
p;r~lire~ ~a ~ic~ a~e flait ~t ~e bott~ ar~l rest ~ t~ie ~. only ~h~ee m~or~g c~a.7~ 3aa~ 3a~, 3~ a~
30 t~ , er i~8 ~ praV~ t ~.S al~o opl:~o~ally ~0~ Q ~o p~de ~o~e t~ three ~co~
e~ or t~ op~ . ~ nu~e~ d a~
'n~ ricallr or prr8cr~bed. I~ a~sy ca~;e, it ~s to ~e e~c~ud t~a'C, ;~ tb.e e~ c o~ a loa~ 811 Of 3~i t~e pipeli~e, a~ le~st o~e ~tori~g ~ 7~l pr~i~led ~he~Q or ;~ t7~ p~ brealcs a~ l:he rel~ne; t~ae te~t ~eaiu~, ~o tl~at tb~e leaJ~ c~ be local--~z~d. ~f tao fc~ ~t~r~g ~ a are pr~r~ed, a 1ealc ca~ occu~ ~ t the p~s~ i~ t~ ~Lit~ri~
FEB-27-97 15 51 FkOM BARRlGAR&MOSS - M155 ID 9052767687 PAGE 19/26 ~ ~ O 0 3 6 0 - ~4 -el8 ~ ke te~i~ ~edi~ ~l~e ~e~
re~ _ 1 q ~ -F$gu~e 5 sh~s a c~os~-~ec~ o~ a f~t~er ~o~ .t ~ a p~ sl; F lb. ;C~ ~a8 ar~
eO~E l,ially r~d ~:ro~s_~ec~io~ ~i~ fo~ c~,~s 18, lS, 2Q, 21. Il~itor~g che~ ~ 3~, 3~, 3}~3, 3}~, ar~ a~ ~ ~c~
t~e c- - ~ 18, lg, 20, 21. bs on~r t-~ p ~ the ~i 0 ~ C~-- ~F 3 or ~ ~ro~
t~Le oute~ ~all 2~ e 10 j ~e~o~c~ts of t~e ~aterial ar~ ~o~r:id~l al~g #u~
lo~i~ rt~t o~ e F~ P7~ 1}~ ~ ~e ~eg~o~ o~
-c ~he pjr~li e 1~, u~,c~ .6 o~ tiaLly rot~4 ~e~
v~ ~oW O~t~ , W~t~ ~v~ 8J 19~ ~, 2~_ ~oa~-S e~ ~f ~? o~ter ~11 2~ of t~e pi~~7 i~ a~ be c~ l b3r a~ ~de~lr~d le~.c po~ 11.
~ igure 6 8~ a ~ r~l 8QC!t ~1 ~ o~ 2~
8~ft ;~2, ~ro~ ~c~ pip~ a, lb, 1~ e~t i~ ~ee e~t ~rectio~ c~ m~ito~g ~ i 3c ;!~ ea~ 8~e p~o~ided 3~ a~l thr~e F;p~~ Said ~ Y
are j o~d tO ~e :~n4t~ a6 are ~ q~
lc A~ a ~J~ e te~t ~edi~ ~luJ~ ~o~ eb.e pu~p P ~ a -- ~d~vr in ~-~t ~ ~11 'cJa~ mo~i-c~r~
3a, 3b, 3c. ~ne ~Oc~e ~or ~o a~.l o~
~5 a ~11 2~ of t~e ~e 22 u~d.~r a ~e~le ccsver 25 c~nec~ted to ~he s~i~s~i~ r~---nP~8 3a, 3b, ~c by hc~s~
Q~ ~ ~ub~ 24 The p~B~O 6~r 10 ca~ be -~nr ~ed }~y e~le o~ bY ~ae~o ~ to a ce~st~1 c~t~cll ~rod~ ~ cc~te~. ~f ~e ~e p~ e~ la, 1~ or ~e ~e 3~ ~ot ~0~3e~ tc~ o~e ~ot~e~ n ~e ~to~g ~e~6 ~3a,~ ~b. 3c~ are ~t ~c~s~ed eit~er. T~e l~oses or t~i~ ~sbe~
24 joi~ed tc t~ D~ t 3a, 3~, 3c ca~
le~ to three ~ erent pre8~ e~80r-~t 10 ~s~ot ~!, _ ~a~ ed~ ~e, ~?ro~c~ iu. ~de ~ t~ce 3 5 En~p~ ~ for pro~i~ g the t~38t ~edi~ r~ t~e ic ~ cof. ~o -~ft8 ~e~L~c,ly tc ~
V~ e cas:e c~f 6~ :_ are, in p~ir.,~ e, ~ly l r ~ or ~he med~u~ w~ic~ ia; t~ be po~te~ nt~ one~ or ~ t~u 24 FE8-27-97 15 52 PROM BARRIGARaMoss - MISS ID 5052767687 PAGE 20/26 ~00360 18 ~3 a~d t~ ~loor ~9 of th~ ~h~St, the latter ~ ~
a~ eo ~u,~ intc t2~ ~o~i~r~n5 -~ cro~-~e~t~ of ~ ~ r- o~
a E'~ ~8- ted in F~g~e ~ ~o~it~:c;n~
5 e~ 26 a~e provided ~u;~ of ~e ~chi~ ~it~g 15 3 . F~r ~ o~ el~ity, t~e ~ ~ 2~; a:ce ~r~8~d ~t~ e~vyy~te~ . I~ reali~y, ~
are o f ~le~ e. I~ the eectio~al VS~ ~ ~ s~ch ~ni tor~g ~ > 26a ~o 26~ ~ t~e ~;pe o~ eircular 10 eFJ~- ts are p~ . ~e v~ loo~ l~Jco a ~o~ ~lleel ~it~ ~n outer ac~ - l i~nqr r ~ ~$t~ A~ J~
t~ebe~e~ ~e ~c~ ~r~ 7a to 27f ~e~ ~
i~dividu7.1 ~ . T~e oute~ r~ i~ She ot~t:er ~11 , 2 o~ ~R p'FQl j~ 1. The ~nner ~ ~L ~ ac~u~l piFe-lS l~e, ~,c~ ~ ~i~ ca8e 1~ a~ ~r ~11 28 ~ ~d~ ~e pipe i3ce~ior ~5 ~e ~~itor~ 26 ope~ra~e ~
~e R~: ~8y a~ ~e ~sit~riDg r~ 3 or ~ Yr ~e o~ly d~f~e~e~ce ~8 t;oiat ~e cro~ ec~
i ~g~ ~c~ s 18 l~:ger ~;hass ~ ~e latte~
a8e. ~ t~e eve~Lt of a ~ea~ e outar ~1 2 of ~e p~peli~e 1, ~e ~e~t ~edi~ 7 ~ ;.r~, ~st ~s 5e o~ the ~to~ Is~e~ 3 or t.~ qr ap~-~, a~d i~cal:e8 t~e lealc ~y t}~ ~Le d~P p~D-d~c0~.
j ~se ~ru,~:or~g cha~ ~6 c~ ~ f.- ~ ~, e~3, for ~7-~ hi~ ~;0 a~o~ ~h ~ ; y~
~p p~pe ~ lr ~ ~oulded p~rt:s, p~ ~e c'~ rR 26 in ~u pre~sly thi~c o~ter w~ll 2 3~ I T~e ~~ator~g ~ 18 3 or ~ieo~ a~r~
z6 ca3 alrea~ be u~ed ~ ~ ibl~g the p~ e~, ~pecifi~;ally direet~y ~ ln~g t~e ~o~ g ~ w4 ~ipes I ~y a ~lee~e. ~4 ~lee~e ne~ to ' in o~er to be ~ e to ~e a ~ p~ fro~ t~
3~ ollt~et.
o t}le ~1 ~f t~e p~pel~e ~ th~ :I.o~i~d-~nal dire~c~n ~ eof ~r~ t~e aper~ti~ (ca~i~ to 25 ~ f~-ture ~e ~ e~ , or they ~e .t,~ r~ a ~l~le 2~ e~1.al a~ ~e-l~ce t~elet~ ~d e~ be fro~ ~ ~11 o~ e pipel:ine af ter t~Le 3~o~ ~ d~ e~. ~rA~ ~ Ca~ .also be p~a~d~
~ t~ ~:a~t~, operaeic~ ~y a Lol id core~ f ~
3C ex~ple m~e ol~ ~etal ~ t~L a ~e~lc7~ roA~ ~e 8a~d ~re i~ su~.3e5a~L~ly dra~ out o~ ~o p~pe ~1~ aga~, e ~ the ~r1~ipl e o~ a~ ~er~al ~ro~c~, ~ea~g ~r~br~ted a~d~r be~ ~ot~ Of the ~ t~i~or~ e~ addi~ t7~ ee~ :~ ~e 35 ~ e~. ~he la~ter t~ -~}A~d3 a~e 8~8~0d ~ 1~ csa~e o- pi~?e7ire~ ~ade o~ c~ e~e I~ea~l of t~ cori~
C'~P'~ t~laT op~nir,~f tbe~ ~ B ~11 of ~e o~e ar ~e, fo~ e~ e ;~~ tor~g r7 s o~ ~ular ~p~i~e a~:e ~ ~d d~s~r;~ted FEB-27-97 15 48 FROM BARRIGARaMO55 - MISS ID 9052767687 PAGE 9/26 ~ 2 0 0 3 6 0 o~re~ ~he c~o~ ;ect~o~ of ~e pip~
~5 ~ ~ of laryer di~te~ ~ah ~l~o ~e U~- ~o~
e~xcpl~, a ~ou~e ~ t~ pip~ ca~ ~e ~ 7~ ~UC~
~t ~ ~ k~ are ~ ~e~ ~e ~utc~ ~
S ~ ~e i~ne~ i8 ~ ~r-7~-c~ t~e c~o-t~-8~ct~ the ~$ ~ ir q, ch.~-e~ wh~.~. a~e a.,. ~.~ ~ f~ y di.~ e~ ~d 8 ~u~t ~ lce ~Le ~ ~, ~e t~lng ~-h~ F a~e ~oi~ a~ ir e~ to ft~ er m~t~rs2~ c~ 8 o~ t~e foll~ p~ . ~y fc~-a e~lr ~ a~ ~ re~u~. At a ~rti~g po~t, a ~e~t ~edi~, ~h ~ a ga~i o~ a ~ Lid, u~der 8ta~ c ~_ c is ;~itted to ~ ~ of ~ ~o~tor~g ~b~ y ~el c~a~ d i& e~ s'y ~ ~ pre~
- o. ~p~ ~t~ he ~ ~JJe a~
~s ~r" e ~:?te* ~elo~ a~ ~ prL~ch~er. ~e te~t ~ed~ a~ bc co~e~ ? ' a~, a ga~ cer o~ a :2s~ al ~e~ , it ca~ ~0 ~ ~8 ~iC~ - 7~ 7~a~ po~t, ~iC~L ~ a~ ~a~e doe~ Aot ~Ct c~ c~l.ly a~dJ~
o~i~e~y t~ e ~efo~e t~ g~ p~nFPe ~ ~e pu~p ~t~
a5 ~ ~ori~ C~ , Y~a a ~ i~ sec~
. ~$s i~ ir-~ n~ he p~e~ re ~ .e~
e as~ t~at ckn~;Ye~- of t3se no~:zle ~re dete~eA.
l y, c~e pre~ eam c~ ~Le nc~s~le do~s ~t ~ ~ ~e ~ ~e Of a ~ealc 5~ t~e piPe~e sy~t~, ~ut;
30 . t a~ ~a~ d~g~tly ~ ~cal~.ey. i~ 7-~e C~ be . .,,~ r~ted ~: p;~r~llel ~th ~e first, ~r ~ e o~
~ ar~ ri~g p~ ~e pr~<led ~lo~ ~2e E 3;~ i~e sr~t~". At thelse po~t~ r ~t ~5 ~ ure, ~or ex~le ~ ~ea ~r ~res~ure se~-record 'ch~ ~e~pe~:ti~re p~e~.-~e pr~i 1 i.-~ ~ t:b,e ~or;~T c~ the ~o~
ri~ poin~a D~e ~gly t~ h~ a ~, a l~a~Xage ~o~t; ~t ~v~ e~ ' ~ -.. e-FEB-27-97 15 49 FROM BARRlGARaMOSS - MISS ID 9052767667 PAGE 10/26 ~036 ~
~e ~ m ~ ri~ ~t~ e l~ra~ 7tJ~ pe~.~
t~ 8 ~o ~ e~id. F~e ~ 7eioD ~elds ~e precise la~tf.as~ of t~e le~ po~ f~~ a e~ ~ c-~l a~ d~ C2J.
take~s ;~co-~e o2~ p~e~8u~e drcp ~er ~e le~gt~ of t~e S p~ .ine.
PQ~ e~e ~- ~6- of a ~c7re ,;k~ ~l e~lo~-t~o~ o~
~e ~ , a ~ r 0~ ex~pl~ e~t~ 0 dA!vices ~or ~or~g ~ ti~ o~ pip~l~8 p~rt~ r ~~ li~e ~y~;~e~, ar~ ~e~ic~l~e~ b--le~r ~it~
Fig~e 1 ~ a ~ g~ti~: L~r~Oat~C ~~tt:h o~ a fi~t . ~ ~t c~ a ~ e fo~ ~to~t~ e t~ 5 of pip~e ~9'C~, F~ gu~e 2 ~h4w8 ~ ~ ~ ~tD~ at~ Ai. ~r~
~5 p~o~t~g ~e le~r~ o~
pirzlir~ sys~ JAtr~ ~eed l~e, ~igu~e 3 ~o~ ~ la~eral 8ec~0~al ~iff~ O~ S~
t of ~e dwice ~o~ J~t to~g tl~
0~ rtpe~l i n ~ s~te~, 2a F~gure ~ 8 ~ a cro~ eat~ rs~ o~ a aOS~a riP~J ~r -, F~yu~ 5 shuw~ a Cro~B-~e~Q~l ~ev of ~ ~_~
_~od~t o~ a ~E e~
F~ e 6 sho~ 8 l;~te~ t~o~ a ~aft ~
~5 rip~r~6 eF~~ ~ ee d~ .~t d~reet ~ c~, ~d '~g~e 7 ~;~ a cro~s-~ec~~ o~ a ~r~
4wbo~li~e o~ a pipe~
A ~t; ~ t of a cl~:ice for ~tori2~ ~e 30 ~ ~Ç p~rel~s la, lh ~ ~ a ~ - J'~~
~-ketch ~ F~ e 1 ~ne piE~ la, 1 , ~e J.~rX~S~n~s~ by a half 6,e~t~o~ of ~e~ ~ oute~
; 2~, 2b. A~4e.1 i~i~e the~-e o~e~ ~11~ 2~, 2b a~e o~e or zore ~C~U~'-J ~' _18 3. ~e ~a~or are 3~i ~ov~ l d~ ~tr~ te~ o~ t~a cro~A-~tio~ of~
riPe~ a, lb. ~e ~; tor~g ~ ~or e~c~
F p~l; - e i8 L.~ ~ Pigu~e ~ e c~ p~
~a, ~b ~re ~ho~ ln t~e reglo~ a~ r ~leev~ jo~t ~0 The sl~re ~c~t ~ jo~8 ~e p~-l~ 1~ ~d ~ a~
FE8-27-97 15 49 FROM BARRIGARaMOSS - MISS ID 9052767687 PAGE 11/26 , ~e ~ito~ r' ~ 3a a~d 3b. 5~e ~i~3g 3c $~ ps~ded ~s~e t~e ~lee~ 4~. q~e ~t%li~c!r I ~ 3~, 3~ a~d 3~ ar~ ~ e D;~
P~ ded ~ - ~ ~ ~h~ ~lee~e ~t 4O a~ ~he t~o ~al 5 2a, 2~ o~ ~ ~;r~~ ?R 1,~, ~, inoide a ya~ 5 }~n~
tl~er~ ~ ~e Wt~ 8~e j<;~ tog~the~, iS a ~eal 6, for es~mple g~u~e~ or a ~ g with f~ e 1 *ater~al~ or ~e li3ce.
~hR mnn~to~ ~ 3 ~ f~e~ ~ro~ t~e 0~ ~ ~SO~ ~.h~....~l 3a wi~ a ~e~e _3~ 7, ~c~
.~ at a p~e~icr~ ~t .~ he~ b~
~tE~_ sc~ t~e 'ce8t ..e ~i 7 ~ Le ~ ~lecl ~ a c~e ~ ; 3 ~e ~ at ~oue e~d 4f ~e r~ P 1. ~e~e t~e ~ , or p~id~
15 ~ ~ d-f~F~e ~ ~ler to ~'ca~ a ~-tosed ~~t . ~e ~c~ o f ~e ~o~tor~
fi 3, ~e~e t~ tori~g ~ l 3a. i~ ~ oin~ to a fe~ li~e 8 ~he ~ ~d~u~ 7 is ~n~ ~n CO~p~ F ~ ~ ~ in~c~ th~~ 3, 0~ ~
Z~ ~be--- f ~or~g ~~ho~l ~ 3, by o~ a pu~ P, o~ a ~ - _ r~ , 3 0~ to tbe ~ -tor~ a~ 3 ~ the feed l~e 8 S~ r i8 d~ed belo~ p~-~P ~ ~r. ~ st~t~c ~ ~
~ iC~ p..,.~--c~l ~y t~e p~ p ~or ~e ~egt~ iu~ 18 25 ca~ ca~ rely lo~. ~t ~ O a ~, for ~pl~. 3~e p7~p cs~ t~fo~ re ~ cc~ct de8~g~ a~ be l~r p~er. ~e ~; ~ e o~ t~e te~-~di~ 7 ~n the ~litor~ ~h~ el~ ~ is 22ig~er .~
f ~e ~ .~t~rio~ 16 ~If th~ p~pe~i~e 30 1. ~4 ~ t~ e ~r~m ~ei~g ab10 ~o p~ o ~he ~o~t~or~g rhA~e1 ~ ~ the eve~t c~f a 1_~le and ~1 9~
the~ ~ue is ~e, ~ te~ ~edium ~ e~ e-A ~i~ or ~er 9~ ~ li~J~ iu~ whic~ ~or~; ~ cea~
~t}., a~,y ~ ~ ~C ~lCh mi~ ~ S~, as~ld ~ ~ '~y ~e 3~ ces~t~ the l~a~c of it~ ~ aG-:or~.
~8~ ~5 se~tio~ ~, ~Rre a Si~t ~zz~
~he fed l~e ~ ~e~.. ~he pu~ P a~a el~ 3a, Sa;d ~eaE~ sec~
~c~re~, p~ ~mined drop ~ b~ sebt ~m FEB-27-97 15 49 FROM BARRlGARaMOSS - MISS 1O 905276.697 PAGE 12/26 ~036n , ~e. ~e ds~ r~-e c~ ~ n~e~. Fa~
>'~~ 5 ~o~ ~-- u~ e p~es~ure, ~ e~le ,r 7 ~r prSe~ ~e Y~ ~5_0, sre p~ ed u~s~ea~ a~ ~ t . of S~ 7~1e 9. ~e p~- _e ~ ;r P~ ~e'cesm~eel the ~ r~ L of '~e ~7 ~r ~aSur~g ~ ~ 9~ a~ t~ ~es~e ~ ~ P~ doe~
t~e ~se ~OWC~ ~L~. T~ r~ ~at ~ d~stred~ of the ~az~le 9 i~; ~e ~ t~g ~ralue A~
7~to t~e ~8~e ch~be~ af ~R ~i~:or~
10 3 at ~ ~re~e- ~ d t~
~q~, ~, ~ec~d D~zzl ~Z ca2~ .o~ ~ ee~ ~ ~ar~lel ~th thR fir~5t ~o~ole 9. ~ ~vo 13 ~ th~
~ced patb c~f ~e ~ 12 T~ d ~--~ ~le 12 c~ ~e ~ct~ ,d ~~pti~lly a~ J. ~e~ult~
l!; A furtl~ D~ for ~ ~g ~s~e~ ~
~s~--e 5-~Q07; P" i'- a~ 3, at t~e ~nd ~ 5:~e Et i. p~d~d 2t a ~ ~t~g po;U~t ~t, for exa~ple ~t ~et~ f~a~ value 3~ o~ t~ 7e e~e .
~ae ~o~e o~ C~rati~L o~ rice ~8 tC~ be ed ~ ~ore detall ~lq Yi~ t1~ a~d of ~ig~re 2 Figu~ ~ ~ a ~ e~ ~ _ c~raCt~i~sit: d~gr~
S~ ~c~ t~f3 pre~e ~ is plot:ted ~A~ ~ - t ~e l~gt:~ 1 o~ ~e r~ 7~ J a, ~b, the feed l~e 8 ~8 t~e ~ ~;eet~ 9. O~e c~re ~ La~ f~ a ~;t~r~g vaJ~se Al c~f ~e te~ e ~~e ~c~e ~ozzle 9 ~
~perat~ w}~le a ~ ~ ~ i3 ~ho~ ~or a ~tarti~g ~a;L~e a~ cf ~e to~t ~;~ ~. ,~a e ~e~e t~ ~o-s~e 12 is ~ rer~ . ~e p~es~ d~ ~r ~ e~tir~
3a Df the p~e~Ure ~h~ af ~h~ manito~ chan3el~ 3a 3b ~d the ~ed l~e 8 i8 ploSted c~e~ ~e ent~re ~e~
~e te~t ~li~ i~L the ~i~or~y ~ 7~ 3 iA
_t a c~t p~ ~te o~ r~ ?re8~-3~ ~re iS c~s~ "1 ~ y ~he ~Y~D a~ all pO~6 of the p~e-;~nea ~ S~e ~ hor~octal l~e ehu~
~ate~ tne ~t~tc of rc~t ~ ~ ~h~ e~tire p~e~ure ~ tatic p~ e o~h~ ~e~t ~ ~~ -~ 7 ~ ~e ~t~g ~ 3 iei f~ll~ eo~t~t i~ t~; c;~
FEB-27-97 15 50 FROM BARRICAR&MOSS - MISS ID 9052767687 PACE 13/26 ~ ~ 0 0 3 6 ~
o t~ ~ ~ 0~ ~e pUI~ 2 ~ t~e c~e of y t~s~t ~:ip-lino 1 ~d s~ ly t~g~t pa~ rc~
t~e pU~p P ~o the -~ g po~nt 1~ ,L e~ _ iu d~~te~ e 2~X$ms~. ~e A~ ~e t~
5 ca~e~ ~e real ~tatc ~f rest R~. ~ thi~ Cage, .~C~ ~;
i~ t~ ~rer t~e ~r~ls~ ~e los~es ~.~ t~e p~t~
e p~ to ~e ~ea~:~r~ po~e 1., ~ Occ~ ~e~
~t~OUt a ~ ~t 11. ~e ~ e ~tor-,.~ ...-~1.~1 3 n~ 50 ~'~ ~OpS ~l~t~y ave!~ t~e~ le~sg~
C0s~8Ca~t Rec-.~ of as- ~c~,$o~ of te~st _8"~
thc ~ ~ ~ar~e-~ fr~3L ~ v~lue p, ea ~e value p;~
~lon~ t~e mea~ur~ng ~ iost 0~ o-~ e pres~ure C~p 18 F~l ler 0~ l~ger ~ 0~ ~e ~oz21e 9 tl~e ~nt 12 ic t~e alre~ly ~t~ e~ i~g ~ue ~
2 at t~ ta~ of the ~o~tor~ ~ 3a The ~ur~e~ co~lrX~ o~ t~e C~e i~ ~e ~ ate ~or t~
st~ti~g ~ra}~e A~ the Raid ~ ~Act~i~stic ~ ~iLe, 20 ~ ehR ~eal ~a~e~ little ~ by ~Q~e~. it is ~
~racter~:t~ R~, ~t a ~ta~t~ ~l~e A~, teriBtic~ R'~." a~d R'~ ~ Ret ~p ~ ~ to ~e ~c~eri~ti~ a ~d 3~".. A ~ ~a ~P ~ or R' ~ ~ al~o ~et up ~e~, ~or 'Ce8t p~Q08e6, ~e ~
25 ~~q:r 0~ ~e ~IOfrLit~ ~ g ~ t3 ~B not ~ er~ at t~e ~ ue ra~er i~ pr~aed ~ a ~ 3 op~i~ ~or p~''~iT~ a ~all m~ ~ . Per --~e ~itori~ of ~e flo~ ~,~,h the ~ ~f~ ~ing is ~e~ pro~d.
If a 1~?A1--e pc~t ~ ~ ~e a~
30 F;~ ~~r 1a, 1~ 0~ ~ t~e ~eVe ~, ~e t~t ~
eYC7,p- ~ ~ere. T~e lea~ Je po~t 11 i8 ~A~ ;ed ir, ~kslu~e 1 i~ t~e re~ic~ o~ t~e ~lee~ ~e rea~cL ~or t}~6 co~l~ ~o lea~ 1~ ~e Lo~l 6. ~re t~e rlga8~ for ~c that ~ ou~er ~a~l 2a, z~ o~ ~e p;~ c~ 1~, lb 35 .s ~ ~r ~ c ~o~or~ ~ 3a, 3~ or ;u~:Lar c~i~ a~a_d ~ ~e wall ~re~c toge~e~ ~h ~he p~ a/ 117. Th~re i~ a pressr~;re dr~ 3t e~e ~o~ p~i~t, ~ce ~e te~t -,, it is ~t ~eadily ~ o dete~e ~ecc~
FEB-27-97 15 50 FROM BARRlGARaMOSS - MISS ID 9052767S87 PAGE 14/28 ~ 2 0 0 3 6 0 ~e ~ue a~ ~a~d t,~ ~p, ui ~e ~he ~rec~se le;~ J~ po~t S n ini~ally ~ot )c~ he ~_D--~e P~-~
P~ re ~ * ~ d~tt:~l li~e~ ;Ct i~
o~ly i~l~y ~t i~ ~t ~ st ro~Q~ o ~ly 5 a ~s}S e~ g~ ~t 11~ F~ loca:L-~n z;eq~re~ a fu~:~es ~ r,t ~ c~lculati~
u ~y, a~ po~t 11 ~:a~ t~ be ~ ~ r ~ ~ t ~ ~n~ ~ the p~in~ 2 ~ a ~ c~y lC ~Le~ e~ 4.
~f, ~ c po~t 1" the ~ ~e E ~f the pr~b6ure p, ~lo~ ~w secti~ u~er c~r ~ e _ ~tio~ ;~
d~er~ a~ a Y~lue ~h ~8 s~ler th~ tho ~r~ ~e P~ t C~ e ~ ls ~ a lea~c ~
15 o~ aa be~ee~ t~e po;~t 1~ ~e po~t 1~. ~he t~o ~ralue~ ~ ~nd p~ a~e co~e~ted t~ e a~ot:~r i ~aS~r~ ~ Fig~e 2 hy a s~r~ght l~e ~4 . ~e ~l~p~ o f t~e ~ re of t~Q. -r~t~ re~ ce~ o~ t:~Q
r~rA7 ~ r~z- ~he ~tar~:~ng value ~2~ ~h.. COarLe ~o 1b~ tio~ ~us $t;~te~ t~t ~e pre~ure o~ tl~e 1~
~t S8 to 4~ ~oAA OU ~e ~a~ t l~e 14 be~ e t lz ~d ~e po~ ~2t ~ ~f 1:~A lealc ~ to ~e p~eci _ P~y at ~he po~t 1~ 1; Yatson i~ ~e~
ca~ a~ t~i~ ~O~Lt 1~ e p~ ~ ia t~ t a ~a~
25 , ~d ~P~~ ly -~ ~e a~ t s . i~ pc)~t.
~ ~r ~e ~se ~ v~i~h ~e lea3- 11 ~s posi~;r~~' ~t pr~c:~Fly ~ ~e rQg~o~ of the _ '~ po~, the po~t 1~,, bU~ ~t~ t~e po~rLt 1, a~d the po~t ~
3~ ~~~ t be per~o~l d~ffere~tly Th~ ~est ~ tat~ y p~c~ ys ~e ~ito~ els 3 ea~ ~e ~ t~l A~ ~se b~ o~
t~f po~3r of ~e E'~P and of t~ ~ol~e o~ t~e ~o~g - ~n~lL 3, ~t i~ ~o ~;a~ of t~c y~P~_~ ~h~- ' i ~iC~
35 ~ a~ilable. ~ e o~ ~ ~ealc ~1, t~e g~ ~olu~e ~1~ ~ro~ d ~ c~r as~ ~ ~ol~ ~ c flo~r.
T a ~f~c~ Lt~ ~,~g~ 3.ealc 11, ~e ~ .~ c ~ ~ aQd ~he ~ctioG 9, acC~g a8 ~ ~t~r~l ~e~
FEg-27-97 15 50 FROM BARRIGAR~MOSS - MISS ID 9052767687 PAGE 15/26 . 2 2 0 0 3 6 . . . - 10 --~ce o~ t~ e8~ ~~~~ ? . ~ ~ e p~ a~
e, is ~ur~ at r~e o~ ~ poa~t ~,. I~e ,t_ ~ 0~ ~e ~o~r~g ~ ~9~ ifl rela~ 5~ y h~gh ~ ca~ ~e dete~l2~ t i~ o po~o~le ~ d~c~e s ~e ~tr~c fl~ se~ up. T~ ~e~;r- - oi ~e ~e, ~ Cv- L~ ?. 'rhe ~?oS~t ~
~ch t~e le~c ~; vC~ c~ ~e ~te~sd ~ t~ ,.~e d~o~ e pre~su~e 5~ . a~ t~e ~ r~ in~ , C0~3~
10 ~t~ the resis~ce o~ ~e ~to~g ~l -nnol ~ a~. ~4 vo~u3~t~1c fla~ fi~ly, t~ ~r e B~; ~e i~ ~
tio~l to the ~ c~ te~ he ~ he te~ ~Pd~ u~ in t.he ~ ~e c~sibe~ o~
~ ~r~ a~l Of the foed l:~e a~d frao ~e ~ric~i~ 7 15 re~ -e o~ sec~ of ~ ~~ r--e fee~l ~e ~Ircv~ ~y ttl th~ 18Y of ~en-Po~ e, t~
~t~ Q 2~;,~ ~ or t~ tr~ of th~ ~1~;iLC ~1 op~ o the p~uct c-lc~ eA ~r~ ~e 2~.
R'~:r ~e asea of S~e ~it ~ ~ 3 ~o ~
2C pavcr ~d ~ ~e d~f~i -- of ~ ~ ~;, ~4re p~-p,~, a~d ~,~L"_ly ~-v~oc~c~ol to t2Le ~ t c7~ 7~c~
fr70~ t~e les~ 13 1~ 'Co ~e lealc a~ ~ ~ ~~:~c~
e~t. ~he fr~ ct~ ~e~i6~ o~ e e~r4 ~ e~an sDa~de ~p of t~e ~t~r~ C~ 3 a~ ~eed 25 1~ S Ca~ ~e ~let~;~ed. ~ a ~I;~;~y t,otsC, ~
~r~ C~ 7 con$t~t~ a~ be ~a~ ed c~ref ~. ~he Q = { ~J (8~) ~ ~ (a~ ,) Jl33 R~}
o 3 G 13 ~ {~J~3)] ~(~-a,~ ~Q~ R'}
~ ~e -- P.' ~a ~t~y ~ i8 ~;ld~ f ",~ ~ ~aB~e~t~
rei~a~ to ~ ~g ~ecti~ ~. ~e l~e 15 3~ ec~ ~ies ~ id~al, no~ p~e~re C ~ ~cteriLt~C
b~ ~t 11 a~ ~e poi~t 1" ~i ~7~t a ho~ ~G~ C drop- ~e l~e 15a, by ~o~ra~t, 'fi ~ ~-he ~arac~er~ ntic ~t~ ~ pre~~~ ~Dp FEB-27-97 15 51 FROM BARRlGARaMO55 - M155 ID 9052767687 PAGE 16/26 ~00360 ~af fect~l ~ ~ es) bet~ tlle t~ p~ Q 11 a~ ~ _ S~e ~e ~i 1;F. ~ e ~etue~ t~e ~ ~ ~alues ~8 ~ i~t, t~e s~r~d p~0~~e p~' c;~
ideal v~lue fo~ calc~sla~ e lengt~ .
S ~ h ~ A~"y!ra~L ~. ~Y g~ 2, ~ 61i~ht ~Çfe~ e ~~e a~d re;~ v~lue cr~tical f~r lo~ ~ t~e l ~ e ~oi~t 11.
If tl~e lealc 11 ~,~ ~f;c~ ly l~rge, t}~e ~t~re e~t ~ ~ e ~8 to ~ f~
la lewe~ ~he ~ t~ -~ls 3 at ~ po~t. At:
e~ ~ poi~t, the~ i~ ~ce~y ~y ~re te:st ~e r,~SV~e ot~ ~;t ~all~ to ze~o ~ere ~n t~ ca~;e_ ~iuiet hi ~si~ ~ 60 c~cc~ ~ e~B
15 case Of ~he ~se c~f small ~ ors; o~ p~e~ w~ te~:t ~iu~ e~srses frwL t~e x~l .~, e ~ ~ ~e e~e~t of a 1~3c. ~e p~p ' ~reasc~ ; ol~t~?~t ~til ~ ~ E
~5 ----i ~ va~lue It at~emptJi t}~f~ tc p ~_ a~d ~iAtai2~ t~Le ~et ~re~ o~ tes~ ~u~. ~e ~et 2~ ~QiSe~ ~u:Ld t~u~ c~
~ or the ~ ~ o~ r~y lg~ali7;~ a da~a5~d ~ e, ~ is helpful to hav~, d~er ~e route of t~
p~pel i~ e~ur~ ~e~lf~ p~i~fi ~ch ~ it ill t~ detect at lea~ Le ~ect~o:~ a~d the zS loca~i~ v~a ~ e~ y_. . "i~t ~_ c4~ ~ t:he ~e, e~re~ ~ t~e ~a~e of lar~e ~lefect~. ~e p~eci~e t~c~ o~ la~ge ~efecl~A ~11 ~ y to ~ t ~L
e field. ~ ~ce ~e~e are ~~ c~ e' ~ ctr~c~u~
~e~c~ or ~~ atO~
~g~e 3 '_~L~ ~-. .t~ a la~ ect~ ~ie~ 4~
a ~ ecc~l ~ t ~ ~ ~ice ~ ~o~tor~ t~e ti~ht~nn of pipe ~ y~t~s. 3:n 1 ~ , a el~ 4~ i~ p~2s~Led ~rer t~e c~ t-~l~f, rorLffl~ te~
e~ n~ p~p-~5- i la ~e ~ a ~.a~,_l ~s ~e gap 5 bet~ee~ ~e Fl c~
o~ ~c o~er ~rall 2a of ~e ~;r~ la are ~
~ey h~e ~ or ~ e~ec~ o~ c., _~ to a~d i . d~ ~it2~ y~ vct, ~0 ~e p~
eriar 16 T~e teut ~ed t~ 7 p~nr~ded ~ t~c m~ito~g FEB-27-97 15 51 FROM BARRIGAR&MOSS - MIS5 ID.9052767687 PACE 17/26 2~0~36~
-- 12 ~
~-n~ 3a, 3b c~ r~A~ y ~ e g3p !~
~ a, 6~. ~ ~ito~y ~ 3a, 3b are ~pert to~a~d~ t3~e g~. ~e yap 5 i~ t~ ~ pa~t o~ t~
~ ~e < h-- ~ o:~ t.~ ~to~i~g t~ e 3~., 3~, I~ t~e te~t ~ ~; ~ e~erges ~1.. t:~o ~eal ~a, ~e l~a' ~ ~t i~; lo~ ~1 i~ d~ d~8a~bed. ~ t~e ~a~ ~~e~. r~O~ 7~ tall;e~ pla~e fc~e tegt ~ e~e~geB ~~WI ~e ou~e~ ~11 2a o~
~ 1~ a C~c~ e l~e oCc~ ~e.. Si~e it: i8 lQ ~8tl5~ p~pel~es ~i~ ~ th Of ~s--:~~tely 50 ~ch ~re ~oined t~ge~e~, t~e ~ o~tE~ C~ ~e pra~r~ d~ ~ ~e ~ f ev~y Y~ 4 05r ~f e~r~Y
ird, e~c . slee~e g ~ I~ the c~e ~ ~; p~~
~ gth o~ w.~tely ~00~ ~ ~d a~ lC~d lS ~ ~e ~ L ~ ~aLt~ pro~ee~;~ a~s, fc~r r at ~ end~ of ~ r~ o~ else t~ere--6~~ . It i~ ~ff~ ~e -~o p~csvid~ a ~ ne~s ~-~r ~ e ~e~ h~- l ~ be zo ~i~le to ~ter~te ~al~ ~ ~4~ a~ ce~ ~ta-ti~ ~e ~itor~s of t1~ 4 and o~ t~e o~
~_ 1 q ~ of t~ pip~ 7'n--- ~ i8 t~ perf~ ~ ~ co~
ly. ~e i~ t~ e r~ 2~
~ aD tl~e~ be ~ ~.r~ta~' a~ a ~ ~7~7y pa~el ~ t~e Z~ ~: t---1 co~sol roo~ ~e re~ult8 ca~ ~e eva~n~e~
~n8 o~ ~ c~ter ~ a~ al~ ca~ ~e set o~f ir~ t}~
~e ~ a ~B~ p.
A lealcage ~o~ 11 ca~ ~e ~ ~e C~8 ~~f ~el~s~ ty~e$. P~,;~ the p~ p, tke te8t ~edi~ 7 'B
~p"~ ate ~4a~s wb~c~ at the ~o~ lt 1~ upc~ e. I~ re~ctc, ~or ~ -~1~, ~t~
~e ~e~i~s emergi~g ~ e leak, for ~, o~ ~he aute~ ~~ A I~ the eart~ ~e J ~_~e r_~ t~e 80~9e i~ l~er ~a~ ~t oI~ ~e te~t 1~ i~ o~ t ~ a, leak, to ~
~ - ,C ~7~ ~ ~t~ t~ in ~uitor~ r~v~ 3 a~a c ~09 sr~-~g or ~lqc~ th~. ~en se~ect~ t~e te~e ~l;u~
~ r i ~ ~t ~e l~er do~ ~ resc~
C te~ ~C~ ;L~ :L~ a~ r~ o~7t~e o~ o~ ff~ p;l~ c t~C ~r FEB-27-97 15 51 FROM BARRIGAR~MOSS - MISS ID 9052767687 PAGE 18/26 ~ ~ O 0 3 6 0 ~ e DLediu~sL, fo~ e~ca~le ~e, ~1a~i~g i~ thQ
r l~i~e. c>~t 1.
F~ur~ 4 ~h~ a cro~-~ect~ ~i~ O~ a ~0 q- ~ r~ - la ~e ~i~ la ~a6 ~s o~ter S w~ll ~a ~ ~ ~r ~1~ 17. Tr~ t~ ~teria.l o~ ~
li~ce caD ~e pro~ ed be~ t~2e ~o ~all~ 2~, ~ 7 . A6 a ~el;ul'c, ~e ~ner pip~ protect~d ~t ~lg~c loa~d~
act~ ou the ou~e~ ~ w~,, it ~s ~c;~le t~
a~ the ~ito~i~g ~els 3a ~ t:he ou~:e~ ~11 2a, 1~ ~e~ i~ ~de~ ~ l~igher load, ~o~ .- ~ ~ to the ear~ L~ d outer pipe ~d ~o a~y t~ ~e ~~uc~ n~ e c~~e 0~ e P~E ~
prav~ Lio~ i~ D~de of ~; t~r~g cl~ ~ade of a ~hF~~~ ly lc ~ le, brea~ e or ~;Lt~le s~te~ial 15 breal~ tog~ther ~th t~ ~t~r~ in ~ot ~e~ O~
w~ile t~ la~tax i~ be~ ~ - '. Gla~ ic~lar~y ~itable ~or ~ he s~i~or~ r~ ca~, ~ .~e~
~1 ~o be 1n~ ced a~ fl~ib~ e ho~e-li~ ari~g ch~-, ~;L' ~to the dan~ ~ ~1 w~le ~ pipc ~ g c;~
2C ~fte~ dry~g, t~y can ~ e ~ed fr~ ~e ~rd p~pe beins dra m ~t~ re pr~3,~ T2~e lat~er rele~se the t~ it ~edi~, ~ ~e e~t; o~ lrs ~, V~ ~e ~al~ of the pipe, e~n ~e g~i~ckly tha~
d~ g~a88 3Dnito~i~g ~
25 j T~ ~4~i~or~g ~ iel~ 3 can-be a~au~d ~ a pipel~e 1 o~ rcn ~ cross-~iecti~, ~ut a~ i a pipe~e 1 of a~uJ,a~ cr~ e~tic~, a6 ~ ~igu~e 4 ~n t~e case o~
p;r~lire~ ~a ~ic~ a~e flait ~t ~e bott~ ar~l rest ~ t~ie ~. only ~h~ee m~or~g c~a.7~ 3aa~ 3a~, 3~ a~
30 t~ , er i~8 ~ praV~ t ~.S al~o opl:~o~ally ~0~ Q ~o p~de ~o~e t~ three ~co~
e~ or t~ op~ . ~ nu~e~ d a~
'n~ ricallr or prr8cr~bed. I~ a~sy ca~;e, it ~s to ~e e~c~ud t~a'C, ;~ tb.e e~ c o~ a loa~ 811 Of 3~i t~e pipeli~e, a~ le~st o~e ~tori~g ~ 7~l pr~i~led ~he~Q or ;~ t7~ p~ brealcs a~ l:he rel~ne; t~ae te~t ~eaiu~, ~o tl~at tb~e leaJ~ c~ be local--~z~d. ~f tao fc~ ~t~r~g ~ a are pr~r~ed, a 1ealc ca~ occu~ ~ t the p~s~ i~ t~ ~Lit~ri~
FEB-27-97 15 51 FkOM BARRlGAR&MOSS - M155 ID 9052767687 PAGE 19/26 ~ ~ O 0 3 6 0 - ~4 -el8 ~ ke te~i~ ~edi~ ~l~e ~e~
re~ _ 1 q ~ -F$gu~e 5 sh~s a c~os~-~ec~ o~ a f~t~er ~o~ .t ~ a p~ sl; F lb. ;C~ ~a8 ar~
eO~E l,ially r~d ~:ro~s_~ec~io~ ~i~ fo~ c~,~s 18, lS, 2Q, 21. Il~itor~g che~ ~ 3~, 3~, 3}~3, 3}~, ar~ a~ ~ ~c~
t~e c- - ~ 18, lg, 20, 21. bs on~r t-~ p ~ the ~i 0 ~ C~-- ~F 3 or ~ ~ro~
t~Le oute~ ~all 2~ e 10 j ~e~o~c~ts of t~e ~aterial ar~ ~o~r:id~l al~g #u~
lo~i~ rt~t o~ e F~ P7~ 1}~ ~ ~e ~eg~o~ o~
-c ~he pjr~li e 1~, u~,c~ .6 o~ tiaLly rot~4 ~e~
v~ ~oW O~t~ , W~t~ ~v~ 8J 19~ ~, 2~_ ~oa~-S e~ ~f ~? o~ter ~11 2~ of t~e pi~~7 i~ a~ be c~ l b3r a~ ~de~lr~d le~.c po~ 11.
~ igure 6 8~ a ~ r~l 8QC!t ~1 ~ o~ 2~
8~ft ;~2, ~ro~ ~c~ pip~ a, lb, 1~ e~t i~ ~ee e~t ~rectio~ c~ m~ito~g ~ i 3c ;!~ ea~ 8~e p~o~ided 3~ a~l thr~e F;p~~ Said ~ Y
are j o~d tO ~e :~n4t~ a6 are ~ q~
lc A~ a ~J~ e te~t ~edi~ ~luJ~ ~o~ eb.e pu~p P ~ a -- ~d~vr in ~-~t ~ ~11 'cJa~ mo~i-c~r~
3a, 3b, 3c. ~ne ~Oc~e ~or ~o a~.l o~
~5 a ~11 2~ of t~e ~e 22 u~d.~r a ~e~le ccsver 25 c~nec~ted to ~he s~i~s~i~ r~---nP~8 3a, 3b, ~c by hc~s~
Q~ ~ ~ub~ 24 The p~B~O 6~r 10 ca~ be -~nr ~ed }~y e~le o~ bY ~ae~o ~ to a ce~st~1 c~t~cll ~rod~ ~ cc~te~. ~f ~e ~e p~ e~ la, 1~ or ~e ~e 3~ ~ot ~0~3e~ tc~ o~e ~ot~e~ n ~e ~to~g ~e~6 ~3a,~ ~b. 3c~ are ~t ~c~s~ed eit~er. T~e l~oses or t~i~ ~sbe~
24 joi~ed tc t~ D~ t 3a, 3~, 3c ca~
le~ to three ~ erent pre8~ e~80r-~t 10 ~s~ot ~!, _ ~a~ ed~ ~e, ~?ro~c~ iu. ~de ~ t~ce 3 5 En~p~ ~ for pro~i~ g the t~38t ~edi~ r~ t~e ic ~ cof. ~o -~ft8 ~e~L~c,ly tc ~
V~ e cas:e c~f 6~ :_ are, in p~ir.,~ e, ~ly l r ~ or ~he med~u~ w~ic~ ia; t~ be po~te~ nt~ one~ or ~ t~u 24 FE8-27-97 15 52 PROM BARRIGARaMoss - MISS ID 5052767687 PAGE 20/26 ~00360 18 ~3 a~d t~ ~loor ~9 of th~ ~h~St, the latter ~ ~
a~ eo ~u,~ intc t2~ ~o~i~r~n5 -~ cro~-~e~t~ of ~ ~ r- o~
a E'~ ~8- ted in F~g~e ~ ~o~it~:c;n~
5 e~ 26 a~e provided ~u;~ of ~e ~chi~ ~it~g 15 3 . F~r ~ o~ el~ity, t~e ~ ~ 2~; a:ce ~r~8~d ~t~ e~vyy~te~ . I~ reali~y, ~
are o f ~le~ e. I~ the eectio~al VS~ ~ ~ s~ch ~ni tor~g ~ > 26a ~o 26~ ~ t~e ~;pe o~ eircular 10 eFJ~- ts are p~ . ~e v~ loo~ l~Jco a ~o~ ~lleel ~it~ ~n outer ac~ - l i~nqr r ~ ~$t~ A~ J~
t~ebe~e~ ~e ~c~ ~r~ 7a to 27f ~e~ ~
i~dividu7.1 ~ . T~e oute~ r~ i~ She ot~t:er ~11 , 2 o~ ~R p'FQl j~ 1. The ~nner ~ ~L ~ ac~u~l piFe-lS l~e, ~,c~ ~ ~i~ ca8e 1~ a~ ~r ~11 28 ~ ~d~ ~e pipe i3ce~ior ~5 ~e ~~itor~ 26 ope~ra~e ~
~e R~: ~8y a~ ~e ~sit~riDg r~ 3 or ~ Yr ~e o~ly d~f~e~e~ce ~8 t;oiat ~e cro~ ec~
i ~g~ ~c~ s 18 l~:ger ~;hass ~ ~e latte~
a8e. ~ t~e eve~Lt of a ~ea~ e outar ~1 2 of ~e p~peli~e 1, ~e ~e~t ~edi~ 7 ~ ;.r~, ~st ~s 5e o~ the ~to~ Is~e~ 3 or t.~ qr ap~-~, a~d i~cal:e8 t~e lealc ~y t}~ ~Le d~P p~D-d~c0~.
j ~se ~ru,~:or~g cha~ ~6 c~ ~ f.- ~ ~, e~3, for ~7-~ hi~ ~;0 a~o~ ~h ~ ; y~
~p p~pe ~ lr ~ ~oulded p~rt:s, p~ ~e c'~ rR 26 in ~u pre~sly thi~c o~ter w~ll 2 3~ I T~e ~~ator~g ~ 18 3 or ~ieo~ a~r~
z6 ca3 alrea~ be u~ed ~ ~ ibl~g the p~ e~, ~pecifi~;ally direet~y ~ ln~g t~e ~o~ g ~ w4 ~ipes I ~y a ~lee~e. ~4 ~lee~e ne~ to ' in o~er to be ~ e to ~e a ~ p~ fro~ t~
3~ ollt~et.
Claims (19)
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. Method for monitoring the tightness of pipelines (1), in particular sewer line systems, characterized in that one or more monitoring channels (3) or tubular openings are arranged in the wall (2) of the pipeline (1) along its longitudinal extent, in that the mutually facing ends of neighbouring pipelines (1) are joined to one another such that the mutually facing ends of the monitoring channels (3) or tubular openings are tightly joined, in that the monitoring channels (3) or tubular openings joined to one another form, for the entire pipeline system, a pressure chamber which is closed or provided with a defined opening provided at the end of the system, in that the monitoring channels (3) or tubular openings are filled with a test medium (7) under static pressure, in that the monitoring channels (3) or tubular openings are assigned means (10) for measuring the pressure, and in that a leak (11) in the region of a sleeve (4) or of the wall (2) of the pipeline (1) is determined by a drop in the pressure of the test medium (7) between two measuring points (E).
2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the test medium (7) is compressed to the desired static pressure, and the pressure of the test medium (7) is reduced to a starting value (A) downstream of a pump (F) which compresses the medium (7), which is a gas or a liquid.
3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the monitoring channels (3) or tubular openings arranged in the outer wall (2) of the pipeline (1) break or are destroyed together with the pipeline (1).
4. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, in the state of rest, the pressure is essentially the same at all points of the pipelines (1a, 1b; 1c).
5. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the measuring range for measuring and/or reducing the pressure of the test medium (7) is extended by a second nozzle (12) which can be connected in parallel with a first nozzle (9) and/or measuring section.
6. Method according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the pressure of the test medium (7) in the monitoring channels (3) or tubular openings is higher than the pressure of the sewage in the interior (16) of the pipeline (1).
7. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, as test medium (7), use is made, continuously or only in the case of damage, of a gas or a liquid which reacts with media present outside the monitored pressure chamber, or with sealing material, so as to produce a sealing, cementing mass which rectifies relatively small defects.
8. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the pressure chamber is not completely closed, but rather has a defined opening through which a small volumetric flow of test gas (7) continuously escapes.
9. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that hoses or thin tubes (24) are arranged in the walls (23) and/or in the floor (29) of a shaft (22) such that they serve as monitoring channels (3) for monitoring the shaft (22).
10. Device for carrying out the method according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that provision is made of pipelines (1a, 1b; 1c) which have sleeves (4) and outer walls (2), of monitoring channels (3) or tubular openings inside the outer wall (2) of the pipelines (1a, 1b; 1c), of a pump (P) or a compressor for the test medium (7), of a first nozzle (9) and/or a measuring section and measuring points (E) with means (10) for measuring the pressure.
11. Device according to Claim 10, characterized in that, for the purpose of extending the measuring range, a second nozzle (12) is provided connected in parallel with the first nozzle (9) and/or measuring section.
12. Device according to Claim 10, characterized in that the means (10) for measuring the pressure are pressure gauges or pressure sensors.
13. Device according to one of Claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the pump (P) or the compressor for the test medium (7) has a low power.
14. Device according to one of Claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the monitoring channels (3) are manufactured from glass or similar thermally loadable, breakable material.
15. Device according to one of Claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the number of monitoring channels (3) or tubular openings which are provided in the outer wall (2) of the pipeline (1) can be determined empirically and/or can be prescribed.
16. Device according to Claim 15, characterized in that three or more monitoring channels (3a2, 3a2, 3a2) or tubular openings are provided.
17. Device according to one of Claims 10 to 16, characterized in that the monitoring channels (3) or tubular openings have a diameter of less than 10 mm, in particular 3 mm.
18. Device according to one of Claims 10 to 17, characterized in that the monitoring channels (3) are monitoring chambers (26).
19. Method for producing a device according to one of Claims 10 to 18, characterized in that the tubular openings (3) in the outer wall (2) of the pipeline (1) are produced by inserting small flexible hose-like tubelets or rigid rods of small diameter into the damp pipeline (1) and removing the small hose-like tubelets or rigid rods after the pipeline (1) has dried or set.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP4431367.5 | 1994-08-27 | ||
| DE4431367A DE4431367C2 (en) | 1994-08-27 | 1994-08-27 | Method for monitoring the tightness of pipelines, in particular sewage systems, and a device for carrying out the method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2200360A1 true CA2200360A1 (en) | 1996-03-07 |
Family
ID=6527308
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002200360A Abandoned CA2200360A1 (en) | 1994-08-27 | 1995-08-16 | Process and device for monitoring the tightness of pipelines, in particular sewage pipeline systems |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5817926A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0776470A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH10504901A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR970705746A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU3384195A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2200360A1 (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ58097A3 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4431367C2 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI970804A (en) |
| SK (1) | SK26497A3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996007089A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FI106224B (en) * | 1996-10-21 | 2000-12-15 | Grundfos Management As | Method and apparatus for measuring runoff water in a sewerage system |
| US6865933B1 (en) * | 1998-02-02 | 2005-03-15 | Murray D. Einarson | Multi-level monitoring well |
| DE19833390A1 (en) * | 1998-07-24 | 2000-01-27 | Brugg Rohrsysteme Gmbh | Monitoring of pipeline carrying petrochemical liquids or gases in petrol station, with pipeline consisting of inner, medium pipe and outer spaced pipe |
| US6305427B1 (en) | 1999-11-19 | 2001-10-23 | Kenway Corporation | Double walled apparatus and methods |
| DE10044144B4 (en) * | 2000-09-06 | 2006-04-13 | Klenk Gmbh | Connecting device for connecting a fluid line with a second connection device |
| DE202007016602U1 (en) * | 2007-11-28 | 2009-04-02 | Gebr. Fasel Betonwerk Gmbh | Duct system with testing device |
| US9068681B1 (en) * | 2013-01-02 | 2015-06-30 | Paul S. Lyman | Pipe having an embedded detectable element |
| EP3063506B1 (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2024-03-06 | Repligen Corporation | Fluid monitoring device with disposable inner liner with sensor integration |
| FR3064744B1 (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2020-11-06 | Saint Gobain Pont A Mousson | TIGHTNESS CHECKING DEVICE, TUBULAR JUNCTION AND CORRESPONDING USE |
| DE102017207587A1 (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2018-11-08 | Steinzeug-Keramo GmbH | Use of a buried pipe with longitudinal wall channels |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3184958A (en) * | 1963-03-11 | 1965-05-25 | Midwesco Enterprise Inc | Conduit system |
| US3191427A (en) * | 1963-06-24 | 1965-06-29 | Scott Corp | Detection of conduit leaks |
| DE1600503A1 (en) * | 1967-06-06 | 1970-04-02 | Kabel Metallwerke Ghh | Flexible pipeline |
| DE2064053A1 (en) * | 1970-12-28 | 1972-07-06 | Kabel Metallwerke Ghh | Tubular metallic structure with helical or annular corrugation |
| FR2404837A1 (en) * | 1977-09-28 | 1979-04-27 | Petroles Cie Francaise | FLEXIBLE SUBMERSIBLE OR FLOATING PIPELINE BREAK CONTROL DEVICE |
| GB2124728B (en) * | 1982-07-01 | 1985-11-13 | Micro Consultants Ltd | Cable television transmission |
| EP0207015A3 (en) * | 1985-06-18 | 1990-05-02 | DITTA PACETTI ANTONIO di Silvano & Andrea Pacetti | Ventilated collector for a gas distribution network for domestic or other use |
| US4763511A (en) * | 1985-10-07 | 1988-08-16 | Cherne Industries, Inc. | Pipe joint sealing and testing apparatus |
| US4838079A (en) * | 1987-05-20 | 1989-06-13 | Harris Richard K | Multi-channel pipe for monitoring groundwater |
| DE3814176C2 (en) * | 1988-04-27 | 1995-12-14 | Kabelmetal Electro Gmbh | Double-walled pipeline made of a large number of pipe lengths connected at the ends |
| WO1990000698A1 (en) * | 1988-07-08 | 1990-01-25 | Rib Loc Group Limited | Means for and method of detecting and controlling pipeline leakages |
| US5172730A (en) * | 1989-07-03 | 1992-12-22 | Insituform Of North American, Inc. | Two-wall leakage detection system for a pipe |
| US5072622A (en) * | 1990-06-04 | 1991-12-17 | Roach Max J | Pipeline monitoring and leak containment system and apparatus therefor |
| DE4039863C1 (en) * | 1990-12-13 | 1992-02-13 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen, De | Insulated double pipe - has nested pipes with foaming heat insulation in between, plus leakage sensor line below inner pipe, screened from insulation by cover film |
| US5546992A (en) * | 1994-01-18 | 1996-08-20 | Insituform (Netherlands) B.V. | Dual containment pipe rehabilitation system |
-
1994
- 1994-08-27 DE DE4431367A patent/DE4431367C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-08-16 AU AU33841/95A patent/AU3384195A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-08-16 KR KR1019970701263A patent/KR970705746A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-08-16 SK SK264-97A patent/SK26497A3/en unknown
- 1995-08-16 CZ CZ97580A patent/CZ58097A3/en unknown
- 1995-08-16 JP JP8508448A patent/JPH10504901A/en active Pending
- 1995-08-16 US US08/793,522 patent/US5817926A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-08-16 WO PCT/EP1995/003238 patent/WO1996007089A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-08-16 DE DE29521615U patent/DE29521615U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-08-16 CA CA002200360A patent/CA2200360A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-08-16 EP EP95930463A patent/EP0776470A1/en active Pending
-
1997
- 1997-02-26 FI FI970804A patent/FI970804A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4431367C2 (en) | 2000-11-30 |
| JPH10504901A (en) | 1998-05-12 |
| AU3384195A (en) | 1996-03-22 |
| FI970804A0 (en) | 1997-02-26 |
| DE4431367A1 (en) | 1996-02-29 |
| SK26497A3 (en) | 1998-04-08 |
| FI970804A (en) | 1997-04-25 |
| DE29521615U1 (en) | 1997-10-30 |
| CZ58097A3 (en) | 1997-09-17 |
| EP0776470A1 (en) | 1997-06-04 |
| KR970705746A (en) | 1997-10-09 |
| US5817926A (en) | 1998-10-06 |
| WO1996007089A1 (en) | 1996-03-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA2200360A1 (en) | Process and device for monitoring the tightness of pipelines, in particular sewage pipeline systems | |
| JP2004507771A (en) | Detection method and detection device for monitoring intactness of components and structures | |
| Kimmel et al. | AFRL Ludwieg tube initial performance | |
| JP5373894B2 (en) | Aircraft conduit monitoring system and method | |
| Hartwig et al. | Influential factors for liquid acquisition device screen selection for cryogenic propulsion systems | |
| CA3049601A1 (en) | Device and method for determining the heat insulation quality of dual-wall, vacuum-insulated containers | |
| US7500383B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for monitoring the integrity of components and structures | |
| Reijasse et al. | Wall pressure and thrust of a dual bell nozzle in a cold gas facility | |
| Laeuffer et al. | A new device to measure permeability evolution under pressure loading: Application to CFRP pipes | |
| GB2148397A (en) | Double enclosure pressure vessel | |
| EP2100118A1 (en) | Condition monitoring of a component or structure using fluid flow | |
| DE2236914A1 (en) | LEAK DETECTION METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETECTING AND DISPLAYING LEAK LEAKS IN HEAT-INSULATED CONTAINERS | |
| Balu et al. | Experimental investigation of isolator for supersonic combustion | |
| Panesci et al. | An analysis of second-throat diffuser performance for zero-secondary-flow ejector systems | |
| CN107782514B (en) | A kind of space liquid propellant pipeline leak hunting method | |
| CN205675565U (en) | A kind of double-layer storage tank | |
| Scialdone | Spacecraft compartment venting | |
| Hillyer et al. | Enhancing the test time performance of Ludwieg Tunnels | |
| RU2213943C2 (en) | Method for determination of air-tightness of spacecraft isolated volume in the conditions of space flight | |
| Garby et al. | University of Michigan 8 x 13 inch intermittent-flow supersonic wind tunnel | |
| Bell et al. | Development of positive expulsion systems for cryogenic fluids | |
| CN206902749U (en) | A kind of intelligentized hollow structure wall inspection shaft | |
| RU2253095C2 (en) | Method for determination of flow-rate characteristics of drainage devices of flight vehicle compartment and system for its realization | |
| RU2219508C2 (en) | Technique testing tightness of articles | |
| Jones et al. | UAH Propulsion Research Center Rocket Test Upgrade |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |