CA2187465C - Design and retrofitting of structures in seismic zones by means of buoyancy - Google Patents
Design and retrofitting of structures in seismic zones by means of buoyancy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2187465C CA2187465C CA002187465A CA2187465A CA2187465C CA 2187465 C CA2187465 C CA 2187465C CA 002187465 A CA002187465 A CA 002187465A CA 2187465 A CA2187465 A CA 2187465A CA 2187465 C CA2187465 C CA 2187465C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- structures
- substructure
- piers
- forces
- basin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
- E01D19/02—Piers; Abutments ; Protecting same against drifting ice
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
- E01D19/04—Bearings; Hinges
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
- E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
- E04H9/0235—Anti-seismic devices with hydraulic or pneumatic damping
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
- Foundations (AREA)
Abstract
This invention comprises the use of buoyancy forces to counter, in whole or in part, the gravity forces to which structures, such as buildings and bridges, are subjected during earthquakes.
It also comprises the retrofitting of existing structures, such as buildings and bridges, in zones of high seismicity, by introducing the forces of buoyancy to counter the gravity forces to which these structures are subjected.
Present practice is to accept the seismic forces at ground level and to design structures to resist the inertial forces to which they are subjected during seismic activity.
The concept of the present invention is to deal with the problem at the source; i.e., at ground level, thus eliminating, in whole or in part, the necessity for dealing with the problem within the structures.
It also comprises the retrofitting of existing structures, such as buildings and bridges, in zones of high seismicity, by introducing the forces of buoyancy to counter the gravity forces to which these structures are subjected.
Present practice is to accept the seismic forces at ground level and to design structures to resist the inertial forces to which they are subjected during seismic activity.
The concept of the present invention is to deal with the problem at the source; i.e., at ground level, thus eliminating, in whole or in part, the necessity for dealing with the problem within the structures.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
The technical field of the present invention is the structural response to earthquake forces.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Present practice is to dampen seismic forces by means of mechanical devices, and to deal with the balance of the seicmic forces by reinforcing the structure.
The philosophy of the present invention is to deal with the entire problem by displacing the weight of the structure in a liquid, such as water, thus effectively lowering the centre of gravity of the structure to an extent that substantially reduces the effects of seismic forces on the structure.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has the effect of considering a new structure as a quasi-boat, and converting an existing structure in seismic zones, to a quasi-boat, rendering the structure considerably less sensitive to seismic forces.
It is important, however, that the extent of displacement of the structure by liquid is limited to an amount that allows stability due to wind forces;
i.e., there must never be a negative reaction at the base of a structure due to wind forces.
_.---,~''"~ 2 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS _ 218 7 4 6 5 In the drawings submitted:
Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional elevation of a high-rise building in a seismic zone;
Figure 2 shows a detail at the base of the building Figure 3 shows a plan view of the building Figure 4 shows a viaduct pier in a seismic zone Figure 5 shows a detail of the base of a viaduct pier in a seismic zone Figure 6 shows a plan view of a viaduct pier in a seismic zone Figure 7 shows a retrofit of a viaduct pier in a seismic zone Figure 8 shows a detail at the base of a retrofitted viaduct pier in a seismic zone Figure 9 shows a plan view of a retrofitted viaduct pier in a seismic zone Figure 10 shows a bridge [over water] pier in a seismic zone Figure 11 shows a detail of the base of a bridge [over water] pier in a seismic zone Figure 12 shows a plan view of a bridge [over water] in a seismic Figure 13 shows a retrofit of a bridge [over water] pier in a seismic zone Figure 14 shows a detail at the base of a retrofitted bridge [over water]
in a seismic zone Figure 15 shows a plan view of a retrofitted bridge [over water] pier in a seismic zone Figure 16 shows a sectional elevation of a retrofitted high-rise building in a seismic zone Figure 17 shows a detail at the base of a retrofitted high-rise building in a seismic zone DETAILED DESCRIPTION
This invention is illustrated by way of four examples:
The first illustrative example is shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, wherein:
_1 is a high rise building is the basement of the building is a watertight basin, into which will be introduced water or any other buoyant matter _4 is water, or any other buoyant matter, introduced into the water-tught basin after construction of the building is an access bridge is optional decking, to cover the water and for aesthetic reasons .Z is a bearing pad placed upon the basin slab prior to construction of the building; said bearing pad having flexibility for lateral movement with optional sliding plate material, to permit the lateral displacement of the basin during a strong earthquake, while leaving the building structure in its original position ?.18146 The second illustrative example is shown in Figures 4 through 9:
Figures 4 through 6 showing new construction, and Figures 7 through 9 showing a retrofit of an existing construction; wherein, in Figures 4 through 6:
$ is a Viaduct Pier or Piers .Q is its footing ~,Q is a watertight basin around the footing 11 is the structural connection between the Pier or Piers and the footing ~? is lightweight buoyancy material, such as STYROFOAM, within the footing is a bearing pad placed upon the basin slab, said bearing pad having flexibility for lateral movement with optional sliding plate material, to permit the lateral displacement of the basin during a strong earthquake, while leaving the Pier or Piers in its, or their, original position is water, or any other buoyant matter in Figures 7 through 9:
1~ is a retrofitted Viaduct Pier or Piers is its [retrofitted] footing l~ is a watertight basin around the footing ~$ is the structural connection between the Viaduct Pier or Piers and the footing 1~ is lightweight buoyancy material, such as STYROFOAM, within the footing 2~ is a bearing pad placed upon the basin slab, said bearing pad having flexibility for lateral movement with optional sliding plate material ~, to permit the lateral displacement of the basin during strong earthquake, while leaving the Viaduct Pier or Piers in its, or their, original position is water, or any other buoyant matter is an existing footing 2~ is the severed portion of an existing Viaduct Pier, or Piers, wherein the load from the Pier or Piers is transferred from the existing footing ~, to the retrofitted footing "~
y z ~ 8~46~
The third illustrative example is shown in Figures 10 through 15;
wherein the Bridge footings are submerged within a body of water or any other buoyant matter:
Figures 10 through 12 showing new construction, and Figures 13 through 15 showing a retrofit of an existing construction; wherein:
in Figures 10 through 12:
~5 is a Bridge Pier or Piers is its, or their, footing is a sub-footing levelling concrete pad ?$ is a structural connection between the Pier or Piers and the footing ~,ø
2~ is lightweight buoyancy material, such as STYROFOAM, within the footing is a bearing pad placed upon the sub-footing levelling concrete pad .~Z
LWL is the low water level of a body of water, or other buoyant matter y z ~ s146~
in Figures 13 through 15:
~1 is a retrofitted Bridge Pier or Piers is its, or their, new (retrofitted] footing is an existing footing is a structural connection between the Pier or Piers and the new retrofitted footing ~
is lightweight buoyancy material, such as STYROFOAM, within the new (retrofitted] footing ~
is a bearing pad placed upon the top surface of the existing footing is the severed portion of an existing Bridge Pier or Piers, wherein the load from the Pier or Piers is transferred from the existing footing ~ to the retrofitted footing ~ by way of the structural connection ~
LWL is the low water level of a body of water, or other buoyant matter G
z ~ ~~4b~
The fourth illustrative example shows a retrofit of an existing high-rise building, wherein, in Figures 16 and 17:
~$ is an existing high-rise building are existing footings 4~ is a new attachment, for retrofit purposes, to the building, completely surrounding it is a new watertight basin is lightweight buoyancy material, such as STYROFOAM, within the new attachment ~Q
is pea gravel, or similar material 44 is a bearing pad placed upon the basin slab, said bearing pad having flexibility for lateral movement with optional sliding plate sandwiched within the bearing pad, to permit the lateral displacement of the basin during a strong earthquake, while leaving the Building in its original position.
is water, or any other buoyant matter
The technical field of the present invention is the structural response to earthquake forces.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Present practice is to dampen seismic forces by means of mechanical devices, and to deal with the balance of the seicmic forces by reinforcing the structure.
The philosophy of the present invention is to deal with the entire problem by displacing the weight of the structure in a liquid, such as water, thus effectively lowering the centre of gravity of the structure to an extent that substantially reduces the effects of seismic forces on the structure.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has the effect of considering a new structure as a quasi-boat, and converting an existing structure in seismic zones, to a quasi-boat, rendering the structure considerably less sensitive to seismic forces.
It is important, however, that the extent of displacement of the structure by liquid is limited to an amount that allows stability due to wind forces;
i.e., there must never be a negative reaction at the base of a structure due to wind forces.
_.---,~''"~ 2 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS _ 218 7 4 6 5 In the drawings submitted:
Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional elevation of a high-rise building in a seismic zone;
Figure 2 shows a detail at the base of the building Figure 3 shows a plan view of the building Figure 4 shows a viaduct pier in a seismic zone Figure 5 shows a detail of the base of a viaduct pier in a seismic zone Figure 6 shows a plan view of a viaduct pier in a seismic zone Figure 7 shows a retrofit of a viaduct pier in a seismic zone Figure 8 shows a detail at the base of a retrofitted viaduct pier in a seismic zone Figure 9 shows a plan view of a retrofitted viaduct pier in a seismic zone Figure 10 shows a bridge [over water] pier in a seismic zone Figure 11 shows a detail of the base of a bridge [over water] pier in a seismic zone Figure 12 shows a plan view of a bridge [over water] in a seismic Figure 13 shows a retrofit of a bridge [over water] pier in a seismic zone Figure 14 shows a detail at the base of a retrofitted bridge [over water]
in a seismic zone Figure 15 shows a plan view of a retrofitted bridge [over water] pier in a seismic zone Figure 16 shows a sectional elevation of a retrofitted high-rise building in a seismic zone Figure 17 shows a detail at the base of a retrofitted high-rise building in a seismic zone DETAILED DESCRIPTION
This invention is illustrated by way of four examples:
The first illustrative example is shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, wherein:
_1 is a high rise building is the basement of the building is a watertight basin, into which will be introduced water or any other buoyant matter _4 is water, or any other buoyant matter, introduced into the water-tught basin after construction of the building is an access bridge is optional decking, to cover the water and for aesthetic reasons .Z is a bearing pad placed upon the basin slab prior to construction of the building; said bearing pad having flexibility for lateral movement with optional sliding plate material, to permit the lateral displacement of the basin during a strong earthquake, while leaving the building structure in its original position ?.18146 The second illustrative example is shown in Figures 4 through 9:
Figures 4 through 6 showing new construction, and Figures 7 through 9 showing a retrofit of an existing construction; wherein, in Figures 4 through 6:
$ is a Viaduct Pier or Piers .Q is its footing ~,Q is a watertight basin around the footing 11 is the structural connection between the Pier or Piers and the footing ~? is lightweight buoyancy material, such as STYROFOAM, within the footing is a bearing pad placed upon the basin slab, said bearing pad having flexibility for lateral movement with optional sliding plate material, to permit the lateral displacement of the basin during a strong earthquake, while leaving the Pier or Piers in its, or their, original position is water, or any other buoyant matter in Figures 7 through 9:
1~ is a retrofitted Viaduct Pier or Piers is its [retrofitted] footing l~ is a watertight basin around the footing ~$ is the structural connection between the Viaduct Pier or Piers and the footing 1~ is lightweight buoyancy material, such as STYROFOAM, within the footing 2~ is a bearing pad placed upon the basin slab, said bearing pad having flexibility for lateral movement with optional sliding plate material ~, to permit the lateral displacement of the basin during strong earthquake, while leaving the Viaduct Pier or Piers in its, or their, original position is water, or any other buoyant matter is an existing footing 2~ is the severed portion of an existing Viaduct Pier, or Piers, wherein the load from the Pier or Piers is transferred from the existing footing ~, to the retrofitted footing "~
y z ~ 8~46~
The third illustrative example is shown in Figures 10 through 15;
wherein the Bridge footings are submerged within a body of water or any other buoyant matter:
Figures 10 through 12 showing new construction, and Figures 13 through 15 showing a retrofit of an existing construction; wherein:
in Figures 10 through 12:
~5 is a Bridge Pier or Piers is its, or their, footing is a sub-footing levelling concrete pad ?$ is a structural connection between the Pier or Piers and the footing ~,ø
2~ is lightweight buoyancy material, such as STYROFOAM, within the footing is a bearing pad placed upon the sub-footing levelling concrete pad .~Z
LWL is the low water level of a body of water, or other buoyant matter y z ~ s146~
in Figures 13 through 15:
~1 is a retrofitted Bridge Pier or Piers is its, or their, new (retrofitted] footing is an existing footing is a structural connection between the Pier or Piers and the new retrofitted footing ~
is lightweight buoyancy material, such as STYROFOAM, within the new (retrofitted] footing ~
is a bearing pad placed upon the top surface of the existing footing is the severed portion of an existing Bridge Pier or Piers, wherein the load from the Pier or Piers is transferred from the existing footing ~ to the retrofitted footing ~ by way of the structural connection ~
LWL is the low water level of a body of water, or other buoyant matter G
z ~ ~~4b~
The fourth illustrative example shows a retrofit of an existing high-rise building, wherein, in Figures 16 and 17:
~$ is an existing high-rise building are existing footings 4~ is a new attachment, for retrofit purposes, to the building, completely surrounding it is a new watertight basin is lightweight buoyancy material, such as STYROFOAM, within the new attachment ~Q
is pea gravel, or similar material 44 is a bearing pad placed upon the basin slab, said bearing pad having flexibility for lateral movement with optional sliding plate sandwiched within the bearing pad, to permit the lateral displacement of the basin during a strong earthquake, while leaving the Building in its original position.
is water, or any other buoyant matter
Claims (5)
1. A system for use in supporting a structure, including a sub-structure, located in a seismic zone, the system comprising:
a watertight basin located beneath and around the substructure, the watertight basin containing water or any other buoyant matter in which the substructure is located;
the substructure displacing a volume of the buoyant matter which thereby exerts a buoyant force on the substructure, the force being of a magnitude equal to at least a part of the dead load of the structure;
flexible bearing pads located beneath the substructure, permitting relative lateral movement between the substructure and the basin during an earthquake.
a watertight basin located beneath and around the substructure, the watertight basin containing water or any other buoyant matter in which the substructure is located;
the substructure displacing a volume of the buoyant matter which thereby exerts a buoyant force on the substructure, the force being of a magnitude equal to at least a part of the dead load of the structure;
flexible bearing pads located beneath the substructure, permitting relative lateral movement between the substructure and the basin during an earthquake.
2. A system as defined in claim 1 wherein the buoyant force equals the dead load of the structure.
3. A system as defined in claims 1 or 2 wherein the structure is a high-rise building.
4. A system as defined in claims 1 or 2 wherein the structure is a bridge with piers and abutments and the basin is an existing body of water.
5. A system as defined in claims 1 or 2 wherein the structure is a bridge with piers or abutments on dry land and the watertight basins are added beneath and around the piers or abutments.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002187465A CA2187465C (en) | 1996-10-09 | 1996-10-09 | Design and retrofitting of structures in seismic zones by means of buoyancy |
| JP9310984A JPH112047A (en) | 1996-10-09 | 1997-10-08 | Vibration isolating structure of building utilizing buoyancy in frequent earthquake area |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002187465A CA2187465C (en) | 1996-10-09 | 1996-10-09 | Design and retrofitting of structures in seismic zones by means of buoyancy |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2187465A1 CA2187465A1 (en) | 1998-04-09 |
| CA2187465C true CA2187465C (en) | 2001-01-16 |
Family
ID=4159048
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002187465A Expired - Fee Related CA2187465C (en) | 1996-10-09 | 1996-10-09 | Design and retrofitting of structures in seismic zones by means of buoyancy |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH112047A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2187465C (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6249613B2 (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2017-12-20 | 日東商事株式会社 | Seismic isolation building |
| JP2016037701A (en) * | 2014-08-05 | 2016-03-22 | 清水建設株式会社 | Base isolation method for existing building |
-
1996
- 1996-10-09 CA CA002187465A patent/CA2187465C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-10-08 JP JP9310984A patent/JPH112047A/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2187465A1 (en) | 1998-04-09 |
| JPH112047A (en) | 1999-01-06 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |