CA2184605A1 - Mechanical milking process - Google Patents
Mechanical milking processInfo
- Publication number
- CA2184605A1 CA2184605A1 CA002184605A CA2184605A CA2184605A1 CA 2184605 A1 CA2184605 A1 CA 2184605A1 CA 002184605 A CA002184605 A CA 002184605A CA 2184605 A CA2184605 A CA 2184605A CA 2184605 A1 CA2184605 A1 CA 2184605A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- phase
- cup
- stimulation
- milk
- udder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01J—MANUFACTURE OF DAIRY PRODUCTS
- A01J5/00—Milking machines or devices
- A01J5/007—Monitoring milking processes; Control or regulation of milking machines
- A01J5/0075—Monitoring milking processes; Control or regulation of milking machines with a specially adapted stimulation of the teats
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Dairy Products (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Beans For Foods Or Fodder (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
Abstract
Before the main milking phase there is a mechanical stimulation phase divided into a pre-stimulation phase in which no significant quantity of milk is yet extracted and a subsequent control phase in which the change in the pressure cycle in the intermediate space in the udder cup reduces the intensity of the pressure exerted on the udder by the cup rubber in such a way that milk is extracted. The main milking phase starts as soon as the flow of milk exceeds a predetermined threshold which is selected so that adequate stimulation of the beasts is ensured and over-stimulation is prevented.
Description
tO95/23501 2~ 5 PCT/DE95/00101 Mechanical Milking Process The present invention relates to a mechanical milking process in which suction of a predetermined strength is appl ied to the 5 interior space within an udder cup that is applied to a teat, and the cup rubber is caused to pulsate at a predet~rm; ne~
frequency and strength by alternately evacuating and re-pressurizing an intermediate space within the udder cup and, with the udder cup in place, during a stimulation phase prior 10 to the main milking phase, the maximal pulse suction is reduced for a predetermined time so that the teat is stimulated .
A process of this kind is known, for example, from DE 30 47 15 579 C2; in this particular process, the stimulation phase lasts for a predetermined time, which means that the results of this phase cannot be checked. Since, however, each breed of milk-producing cattle and each beast will react differently, depending on the stage of lactation it is in, all 20 that will be possible is a compromise solution that is applied to all such beasts. In practice, it has been found that such a process can cause a negative reaction in cattle because of over-stimulation. Such effects are particularly marked when a beast is at the beginning stage of lactation or if, because of 25 manual stimulation of the udder in the pre-milking stage and when cleaning the udder, the milker allows machine stimulation 218~o5 time to act on the beast's udder in addition, and without any reduction. Such excessively protracted periods of stimulation then interfere with the beast's milk production.
5 A similar problem is encountered at the end of lactation, in the event of a stimulation phase that is too brief. In this phase, a beast needs greater stimulation, so that a longer stimulation phase i~ required in order to secure good milk extraction and short milking times.
DE 36 21 666 C2 describes a machine milking process in which the stimulation time is adjusted as a function of the beast's stage of lactation. Here, too, however, one proceeds from f ixed parameters that do not take into account the particular 15 stimulation requirement of an individual animal or the manual stimulation provided by the milker.
It is the task of the present invention to create a process with which the stimulation requirements of individual beasts
frequency and strength by alternately evacuating and re-pressurizing an intermediate space within the udder cup and, with the udder cup in place, during a stimulation phase prior 10 to the main milking phase, the maximal pulse suction is reduced for a predetermined time so that the teat is stimulated .
A process of this kind is known, for example, from DE 30 47 15 579 C2; in this particular process, the stimulation phase lasts for a predetermined time, which means that the results of this phase cannot be checked. Since, however, each breed of milk-producing cattle and each beast will react differently, depending on the stage of lactation it is in, all 20 that will be possible is a compromise solution that is applied to all such beasts. In practice, it has been found that such a process can cause a negative reaction in cattle because of over-stimulation. Such effects are particularly marked when a beast is at the beginning stage of lactation or if, because of 25 manual stimulation of the udder in the pre-milking stage and when cleaning the udder, the milker allows machine stimulation 218~o5 time to act on the beast's udder in addition, and without any reduction. Such excessively protracted periods of stimulation then interfere with the beast's milk production.
5 A similar problem is encountered at the end of lactation, in the event of a stimulation phase that is too brief. In this phase, a beast needs greater stimulation, so that a longer stimulation phase i~ required in order to secure good milk extraction and short milking times.
DE 36 21 666 C2 describes a machine milking process in which the stimulation time is adjusted as a function of the beast's stage of lactation. Here, too, however, one proceeds from f ixed parameters that do not take into account the particular 15 stimulation requirement of an individual animal or the manual stimulation provided by the milker.
It is the task of the present invention to create a process with which the stimulation requirements of individual beasts
2 o are taken into account .
This problem has been solved in that the stimulation phase i8 divided into a pre-stimulation phase, in which no significant quantity of milk is extracted, and a subsequent control phase, 25 during which changing the pressure cycle in the intermediate space within the udder cup reduces the intensity of the W095/23501 ~184~ PCT/DE95/00101 pressure on the teat by the cup rubber in such a way that milk is extracted. The main milking phase begins as soon as the flow of milk exceeds a predetGrm;n~d threshold value.
5 The duration of the pre-stimulation phase is so selected that there is no possibility of over-stimulation of beasts that are to be milked. During this phase, stimulation can be provided in the known way. During the following control phase, the pressure exerted by the cup rubber on the beast's teat is 10 reduced without any change in the nature of the stimulation phase. This, in conjunction with rising pressure within the udder, means that milk can be extracted. When this occurs, the increasing intensity of the flow of milk is an indication that the stimulation has been effective, and it also makes it 15 possible to determine the optimal duration of the stimulation phase for each beast.
It is in no way sufficient to change to the normal milking rhythm in order to measure the intensity of the milk flow once 20 the pre-stimulation phase has ended for then, because the complete opening of the cup rubber that then ensues, the teat duct opens because of the existing suction and there is an unrestricted extraction of the cistern milk present in the udder. When this happens, beasts that are easy milkers, which 25 have a sphincter muscle that is easy to open, achieve a short-~ived milk ~low in excess of 2 ~g/minute, despite a lack of WO95/23501 21~6~5 PCT/DE95/~0~1 r~linocc for milking. At any rate, after a little while the flow of milk ceases, and it is thus unsuitable for indicating the results of the stimulation phase.
5 In one advantageous embodiment, modification of the pressure cycle is brought about by prolonging the repressurization phase in the intermediate space within the udder cup. The length of the reprecsurization phase is to be selected in such a way that the intensity and the magnitude of the pressure 10 that builds up in the intermediate space within the udder cup differs greatly from the values that are effective during pre-stimulation. This means that a lower pressure is exerted on the tip of the teat by the cup rubber in the control phase so that, given sufficient pressure within the udder, the natural 15 resistance of the sphincter muscle within the teat can be overcome and milk can pass into the milking machine. When the milk flow exceeds a certain level, the stimulation phases is concluded and the main milking phase begins.
20 In another advantageous configuration, the repressurization phase is so selected that the intermediate space within the udder cup is evacuated as soon as atmospheric pressure is reached. Thus, full pressure only acts on the teat for a very brief period, which means that throughout the whole of the 25 pulse cycle the teats are subjected mainly to a lower pressure, so that milk can be extracted during this time.
218~
Extraction of milk can also be made easier in that the duration of the repressurization phase prevents the pressure from rising to atmospheric values.
5 The pre-stimulation phase should last for at least 20 seconds.
During this time, a stimulus that results in the excretion of oxcitocin to a threshold value that is characteristic for an individual beast is provided. Only then can the control phase and, following this, the main milking phase begin. Unless 10 this is done, there is a danger that an irrelevant milk flow value that does not indicate that the beast is ready for milking will be measured. In the event that sufficient manual pre-stimulation has been provided by the milker, the machine-base control phase can be started.
In order that over-stimulation is always avoided, the duration of the pre-stimulation phase should amount to 35 seconds at most .
20 Since beasts that are easy milkers can also reach a specific intensity of milk flow even without ade~uate stimulation, it has been found practical to establish a threshold value of 300 ml/minute for milk flow. It may be appropriate to increase this threshold to at least 500 ml/minute. Amongst other 25 things, this will be dependent on the different ways milking .
W095/23501 21~ PCT/DE95/00101 facilities can be designed, e.g., with high or low-level milk 1 ines .
The duration of the overall stimulation phase should be 5 limited in order to avoid an inappropriately long stimulation phase in the event that the threshold value is not reached.
The present process will be explained in greater detail below on the basis of the drawings appended hereto. These drawings 10 show the following:
Figure 1: The pressure cycle in the pre-stimulation phase;
Figure 2: the pressure cycle in the control phase, with atmospheric pressure;
5 Figure 3: The pressure cycle in the control phase without atmospheric pressure.
Figures 1 to 3 show the curve for the suction "Pu" in the intermediate space wlthin the udder cup plotted against time 20 "t. "
As can be seen in Figure 1, the pulse cycle in the pre-stimulation phase comprises the evacuation phase "a, ", the suction phase "b, " the repressurization phase "c, " and the 25 pressurization phase "d. " The pressurization phase "d" is v~ry d~stinct. For this reason' the cup rubber scarcely W095/23501 2 ~ 8 4 ~ 0~ PCT/DE95/00101 opens, 60 that no milk is extracted. The beast is stimulated in the desired manner by the high pulse repetition rate.
The pressure cycle curve in the control phase, which is shown 5 in Figure 2, differs from that of the stimulation phase by the fact that the repressurization phase "c" is prolonged by a value by which the time for the pressurization phase "d" is sharply reduced. This means that atmospheric pressure is only reached briefly. This results in a longer open period for the 10 cup rubber, so that the desired milk flow is made possible.
If the repressurization phase "c" prolonged even more, as is shown in ~igure 3, the pressurization phase "d" is eliminated and atmospheric pressure is not reached. The pressure on the 15 teat is thus greatly reduced, thereby making extraction of the milk easier.
This problem has been solved in that the stimulation phase i8 divided into a pre-stimulation phase, in which no significant quantity of milk is extracted, and a subsequent control phase, 25 during which changing the pressure cycle in the intermediate space within the udder cup reduces the intensity of the W095/23501 ~184~ PCT/DE95/00101 pressure on the teat by the cup rubber in such a way that milk is extracted. The main milking phase begins as soon as the flow of milk exceeds a predetGrm;n~d threshold value.
5 The duration of the pre-stimulation phase is so selected that there is no possibility of over-stimulation of beasts that are to be milked. During this phase, stimulation can be provided in the known way. During the following control phase, the pressure exerted by the cup rubber on the beast's teat is 10 reduced without any change in the nature of the stimulation phase. This, in conjunction with rising pressure within the udder, means that milk can be extracted. When this occurs, the increasing intensity of the flow of milk is an indication that the stimulation has been effective, and it also makes it 15 possible to determine the optimal duration of the stimulation phase for each beast.
It is in no way sufficient to change to the normal milking rhythm in order to measure the intensity of the milk flow once 20 the pre-stimulation phase has ended for then, because the complete opening of the cup rubber that then ensues, the teat duct opens because of the existing suction and there is an unrestricted extraction of the cistern milk present in the udder. When this happens, beasts that are easy milkers, which 25 have a sphincter muscle that is easy to open, achieve a short-~ived milk ~low in excess of 2 ~g/minute, despite a lack of WO95/23501 21~6~5 PCT/DE95/~0~1 r~linocc for milking. At any rate, after a little while the flow of milk ceases, and it is thus unsuitable for indicating the results of the stimulation phase.
5 In one advantageous embodiment, modification of the pressure cycle is brought about by prolonging the repressurization phase in the intermediate space within the udder cup. The length of the reprecsurization phase is to be selected in such a way that the intensity and the magnitude of the pressure 10 that builds up in the intermediate space within the udder cup differs greatly from the values that are effective during pre-stimulation. This means that a lower pressure is exerted on the tip of the teat by the cup rubber in the control phase so that, given sufficient pressure within the udder, the natural 15 resistance of the sphincter muscle within the teat can be overcome and milk can pass into the milking machine. When the milk flow exceeds a certain level, the stimulation phases is concluded and the main milking phase begins.
20 In another advantageous configuration, the repressurization phase is so selected that the intermediate space within the udder cup is evacuated as soon as atmospheric pressure is reached. Thus, full pressure only acts on the teat for a very brief period, which means that throughout the whole of the 25 pulse cycle the teats are subjected mainly to a lower pressure, so that milk can be extracted during this time.
218~
Extraction of milk can also be made easier in that the duration of the repressurization phase prevents the pressure from rising to atmospheric values.
5 The pre-stimulation phase should last for at least 20 seconds.
During this time, a stimulus that results in the excretion of oxcitocin to a threshold value that is characteristic for an individual beast is provided. Only then can the control phase and, following this, the main milking phase begin. Unless 10 this is done, there is a danger that an irrelevant milk flow value that does not indicate that the beast is ready for milking will be measured. In the event that sufficient manual pre-stimulation has been provided by the milker, the machine-base control phase can be started.
In order that over-stimulation is always avoided, the duration of the pre-stimulation phase should amount to 35 seconds at most .
20 Since beasts that are easy milkers can also reach a specific intensity of milk flow even without ade~uate stimulation, it has been found practical to establish a threshold value of 300 ml/minute for milk flow. It may be appropriate to increase this threshold to at least 500 ml/minute. Amongst other 25 things, this will be dependent on the different ways milking .
W095/23501 21~ PCT/DE95/00101 facilities can be designed, e.g., with high or low-level milk 1 ines .
The duration of the overall stimulation phase should be 5 limited in order to avoid an inappropriately long stimulation phase in the event that the threshold value is not reached.
The present process will be explained in greater detail below on the basis of the drawings appended hereto. These drawings 10 show the following:
Figure 1: The pressure cycle in the pre-stimulation phase;
Figure 2: the pressure cycle in the control phase, with atmospheric pressure;
5 Figure 3: The pressure cycle in the control phase without atmospheric pressure.
Figures 1 to 3 show the curve for the suction "Pu" in the intermediate space wlthin the udder cup plotted against time 20 "t. "
As can be seen in Figure 1, the pulse cycle in the pre-stimulation phase comprises the evacuation phase "a, ", the suction phase "b, " the repressurization phase "c, " and the 25 pressurization phase "d. " The pressurization phase "d" is v~ry d~stinct. For this reason' the cup rubber scarcely W095/23501 2 ~ 8 4 ~ 0~ PCT/DE95/00101 opens, 60 that no milk is extracted. The beast is stimulated in the desired manner by the high pulse repetition rate.
The pressure cycle curve in the control phase, which is shown 5 in Figure 2, differs from that of the stimulation phase by the fact that the repressurization phase "c" is prolonged by a value by which the time for the pressurization phase "d" is sharply reduced. This means that atmospheric pressure is only reached briefly. This results in a longer open period for the 10 cup rubber, so that the desired milk flow is made possible.
If the repressurization phase "c" prolonged even more, as is shown in ~igure 3, the pressurization phase "d" is eliminated and atmospheric pressure is not reached. The pressure on the 15 teat is thus greatly reduced, thereby making extraction of the milk easier.
Claims (8)
1. A mechanical milking process in which suction of a predetermined strength is applied to the interior space within an udder cup that is applied to a teat, and the cup rubber is caused to pulsate at a predetermined frequency and strength by alternately evacuating and re-pressurizing an intermediate space within the udder cup, and in which, with the udder cup in place, during a stimulation phase prior to the main milking phase, the maximal pulse suction is reduced for a predetermined time so that the teat is stimulated, characterized in that the stimulation phase is divided into a pre-stimulation phase, in which no significant quantity of milk is extracted, and a subsequent control phase, during which changing the pressure cycle in the intermediate space within the udder cup reduces the intensity of the pressure on the teat by the cup rubber in such a way that milk is extracted; and in that the main milking phase begins as soon as the flow of milk exceeds a predetermined threshold.
2. A process as defined in Claim 1, characterized in that modification of the pressure cycle is effected by prolonging the repressurization phase in the intermediate space within the cup rubber.
3. A process as defined in Claim 2, characterized in that the prolongation of the repressurization phase leads to immediate evacuation of the intermediate space within the cup rubber once atmospheric pressure is reached.
4. A process as defined in Claim 2, characterized in that prolongation of the repressurization phase leads to renewed evacuation of the intermediate space within the cup rubber before atmospheric pressure is reached.
5. A process as defined in Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the duration of the pre-stimulation phase amounts to at least 20 seconds.
6. A process as defined in Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the duration of the pre-stimulation phase amounts to at most 35 seconds.
7. A process as defined in Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the threshold value for the milk flow is at least 300 ml/minute.
8. A process as defined in Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the duration of the overall stimulation phase is limited.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4406741A DE4406741C2 (en) | 1994-03-02 | 1994-03-02 | Process for mechanical milk withdrawal |
| DEP4406741.0 | 1994-03-02 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2184605A1 true CA2184605A1 (en) | 1995-09-08 |
Family
ID=6511570
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002184605A Abandoned CA2184605A1 (en) | 1994-03-02 | 1995-01-24 | Mechanical milking process |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0748155B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH09509575A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE168526T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU677499B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9506923A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2184605A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4406741C2 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL112801A0 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO963636D0 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL315839A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1995023501A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7258074B2 (en) | 2000-09-18 | 2007-08-21 | Westfaliasurge Gmbh | Method for machine milking an animal |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10046276A1 (en) * | 2000-09-19 | 2002-04-18 | Westfalia Landtechnik Gmbh | Method and device for improved milking out of an animal, especially a cow |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4011838A (en) * | 1976-03-25 | 1977-03-15 | Alfa-Laval Ab | Electronic milker |
| DE3047579C2 (en) * | 1980-12-17 | 1986-01-30 | Biomelktechnik Swiss Hoefelmayr & Co, Niederteufen, Appenzell Außerrhoden | Method and device for mechanical milk withdrawal |
| DK152321C (en) * | 1980-01-21 | 1988-07-11 | Hoefelmayr Bio Melktech | PROCEDURE AND APPARATUS FOR MACHINE MILKING |
| DE3621666A1 (en) * | 1986-06-27 | 1988-01-14 | Westfalia Separator Ag | METHOD FOR MECHANICAL DRAFTING |
| SE9100242D0 (en) * | 1991-01-25 | 1991-01-25 | Alfa Laval Agri Int | SAY TO MILK |
-
1994
- 1994-03-02 DE DE4406741A patent/DE4406741C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-01-24 AU AU14539/95A patent/AU677499B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-01-24 JP JP7522610A patent/JPH09509575A/en active Pending
- 1995-01-24 BR BR9506923A patent/BR9506923A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-01-24 CA CA002184605A patent/CA2184605A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-01-24 AT AT95906275T patent/ATE168526T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-01-24 WO PCT/DE1995/000101 patent/WO1995023501A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-01-24 EP EP95906275A patent/EP0748155B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1995-01-24 PL PL95315839A patent/PL315839A1/en unknown
- 1995-02-27 IL IL11280195A patent/IL112801A0/en unknown
-
1996
- 1996-08-30 NO NO963636A patent/NO963636D0/en unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7258074B2 (en) | 2000-09-18 | 2007-08-21 | Westfaliasurge Gmbh | Method for machine milking an animal |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0748155B1 (en) | 1998-07-22 |
| JPH09509575A (en) | 1997-09-30 |
| NO963636L (en) | 1996-08-30 |
| DE4406741A1 (en) | 1995-09-07 |
| PL315839A1 (en) | 1996-12-09 |
| AU1453995A (en) | 1995-09-18 |
| DE4406741C2 (en) | 1996-08-29 |
| EP0748155A1 (en) | 1996-12-18 |
| BR9506923A (en) | 1997-09-30 |
| AU677499B2 (en) | 1997-04-24 |
| NO963636D0 (en) | 1996-08-30 |
| ATE168526T1 (en) | 1998-08-15 |
| WO1995023501A1 (en) | 1995-09-08 |
| IL112801A0 (en) | 1995-05-26 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |