CA2174481A1 - Flame retardant cotton brushed fabric - Google Patents
Flame retardant cotton brushed fabricInfo
- Publication number
- CA2174481A1 CA2174481A1 CA002174481A CA2174481A CA2174481A1 CA 2174481 A1 CA2174481 A1 CA 2174481A1 CA 002174481 A CA002174481 A CA 002174481A CA 2174481 A CA2174481 A CA 2174481A CA 2174481 A1 CA2174481 A1 CA 2174481A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fabric
- cotton
- fibers
- weight
- improved fabric
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
- A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
- A41D31/08—Heat resistant; Fire retardant
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B1/14—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials
- D04B1/16—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials synthetic threads
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B1/22—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration
- D04B1/24—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration wearing apparel
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B21/14—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes
- D04B21/16—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes incorporating synthetic threads
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2201/00—Cellulose-based fibres, e.g. vegetable fibres
- D10B2201/01—Natural vegetable fibres
- D10B2201/02—Cotton
Abstract
Disclosed is a cotton brushed fabric, also called "fleece", which is flame retardant with a time of flame spread equal to 4 seconds and preferably 7 second or more. This fabric consists of a knit made of a 100%
cotton face yarn on the back of which an inlay yarn is looped and brushed.
This inlay yarn is made of 80 to 98% by weight of cotton fibers and 2% to 20% by weight of synthetic fibers, preferably polyester fibers. The fabric which may be plaited with up to 10% of Spandex fibers, is particularly interesting because it is almost all natural cotton and thus has all the advantages of such material: absorbency, softness, bulk and loft, consumer appeal. Because it passes all the standard flammability tests, this fabric is particularly useful for the manufacture of garments, and more particularly of children's wear and spleepwear.
cotton face yarn on the back of which an inlay yarn is looped and brushed.
This inlay yarn is made of 80 to 98% by weight of cotton fibers and 2% to 20% by weight of synthetic fibers, preferably polyester fibers. The fabric which may be plaited with up to 10% of Spandex fibers, is particularly interesting because it is almost all natural cotton and thus has all the advantages of such material: absorbency, softness, bulk and loft, consumer appeal. Because it passes all the standard flammability tests, this fabric is particularly useful for the manufacture of garments, and more particularly of children's wear and spleepwear.
Description
217~
FLAME RETARDANT COTTON BRUSHED FABRIC
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a f lame retardant, cotton brushed fabric and its use for the manufacture of garments, especially children's wear or children's sleepwear.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
Fabrics are produced for a wide variety of use, either domestic or industrial. Some part of the fabrics that are produced, is used in the clothing industry, more a~,e~,irically for the manufacture of children's wear. The largest part of the production is used for ladies' and men's wear.
Fabrics are made from varns. Yarns are thread-like strands spun from either natural fibers such as cotton, linen or wool, or from synthetic fibers such as polyester. The yarns are woven or knitted to make the fabric.
Afterwards, the fabric is dyed and used to make garments.
In the textile industry like in any others, standards have been established, which must be met in order for someone to be allowed to sell his products. Amongst these standards, one e~Lc~l,li..l ,ed by Health Canada relates to the flammability of the fabrics. This standard identified by Health Canada as ASTMD 1230-85 is of particular concern for the manufacturers of 25 garments.
According to this standard, fabrics are classified in three rld",r" ' :y classes depending on their "time of flame spread", viz. the time taken by a flame on a burning material to travel a specific distance under specific conditions. Such ~Idaa;ri~;dliu~ ~ is based on extensive testing 30 t~ ,e,i~ and is believed to be efficient for judging the relative flammability of a textile other than children's sleepwear.
~ 217~481 To be acceptable, products made of textile fibers, other than children's sleepwear, must fall within class 2, viz. have a time of flame spreadof either 3.5 seconds or more, where the products do not have a raised fiber surface, or of 4 seconds or more, where the products have a raised fiber 5 surface and exhibit ignition or fusion of their base fibers.
To be dcue~JLdble, products made of textile fibers for use for sleeping and children's sleepwear, children's, liyl ,~o~"s, nightshirts, dressing gowns, bathrobes, hollcecoAts~ robes, pyjamas and baby-doll pyjamas, must fall within class 1, viz. have a time of flame spread of 7 seconds or more.
Most of the synthetic fabrics meet such standard. However, 100% cotton brushed fabrics so",t:Li",es do not unless treated after brushing because cotton is made of cellulose, which is a highly inflammable product.
Thus, cotton yarn blazes quickly when it comes into contact with a flame.
To solve this problem, it is of common practice to manufacture 15 children wears from cotton fabrics containing 50% by weight or more of synthetic fibers, such as polyester or acrylic fibers. Such fabrics are flame retardant but not as uulllFol~dLI~ as the 100% cotton fabrics, and more particularly the 100% cotton brushed fabrics also called "fleeces".
It is known that the consumers want 100% cotton fabrics 20 because of their natural feel, look and name. 100% Cotton fabrics are felt to be more GolllFul~dble than polyester fabrics.
The present invention results from an observation that was made by the inventor that when a yarn containing 50% by wei~qht of cotton fibers and 50% by weight of polyester fibers is brushed to make a fabric soft and 25 fluffy, the polyester fibers come to the surface first, because they raise more readily than the cotton fibers. As a result, it would be possible to use a smaller amount of polyester fibers and still meet the flame retardancy standard because these fibers would anyway come to the surface first and cover the cotton fibers, thereby retarding the time the cotton would take to ignite.
~ ~ ~17~481 QBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVFNTION
Based on such a discovery, a first object of the present invention is to provide a flame retardant cotton brushed fabric consisting of a knit made of a 100% cotton face yarn on the back of which an inlay yarn is looped and brushed. This cotton brushed fabric is .,I,a,a~;Le,i~d in that its inlay yarn ismade of:
from 80% to 95% by weight of cotton fibers; and from 5% to 20% by weight of synthetic fibers, such as polyester or acrylic fibers.
The fabric is made of 90 to 98% cotton and 2 to 10% synthetic.
As a result, the fabric is made flame retardant with a time of flame spread of at least ~ seconds or more, and preferably 7 seconds or more, according to the ASTM standard rla,l",l ' "~y test referred to hereinabove.
Because of its low content of synthetic fibers and its high content of cotton, the fabric according to the invention does not only pass the rla""" ' "'y tests but also has a very natural look. As a matter of fact, it hasall the advantages of the 100% cotton fabrics: absu, I,e,~cy, softness, bulk andloft, consumer appeal, etc As aforesaid, the cotton fabric according to the invention is flame retardant and meets the ASTM flammability standard despite its low content of synthetic fibers. As a result, it is particularly useful for the manufacture of garments because of its comfort. As a matter of fact, there is a great need for the fabric according to the invention.
Accordingly, a second object of the present invention is to provide garments which are made of the flame retardant cotton brushed fabric defined hereinabove.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The fabric accordin~ to the invention is made by knitting a 100%
cotton face yarn with an inlay yarn containing from 5 to 20%, and preferably ~ 217~481 5% to 10% of synthetic fibers. Preferably, the fabric is a single knit fleece orJersey fabric.
The relative p~,ue,lLdy~ of inlay yarn present in the whole fabric may range from 30 to 50% . This relative per~, lla~t: of inlay yarn looped in the 5 fabric does not necessarily directly affect the flammatory test result.
In order to make a fleece fabric, the inlay yarn that is lopped onto the back of the knit must be brushed. This raises the synthetic fibers that it contains and thus gives the necessary flame retardant property. The raised surface of the fabric is sometimes called the "face".
The composition and respective percenta~qe of inlay yarn used in the fabric is preferably selected so that the total amount of cotton within the fabric is equal to 93% to 98%.
If desired, the fabric can be plaited with up to 10% by weiqht, and preferably up to 5% by weight of Spandex fibers. Such a plaiting makes 15 the fabric stretchable.
E~CAMPI F
A fabric identified as sample 13563 was subjected to the 20 flammability test set forth by the U.S. and Canadian Government standards (16 C.F.R. 1610 Standard for the rla""~ y of Clothing Textiles). The tested fabric was a fleece viz.a sin~qle knit fabric made of a 100% cotton face yarn with a Spandex yarn on the back of which was looped and brushed an inlay yarn uu",p,i,;"g 95% by weight of cotton fibers and 5Y0 by weight of 25 polyester fibers. The relative percentage of inlay yarn present in the fabric was 36%. As a result, the pc:,ue"~a~e of cotton within the whole fabric was equal to 93%, the one of polyester was equal to 2% only and the one of Spandex was equal to 5%. After brushing, such fabric had a raised fiber surface.
Five specimens of 2 by 6 inches were cut from the sample. Each 30 specimenwasuu,,~iLio,,edfor30minutesinanovenat105~C.Eachspecimen was then exposed to a flame and held in a special apparatus at an angle of 45~. A ~i~al ,da, .li~d flame was applied to the face of the fabric (viz. the raised fiber surface) at the lower end thereof for 1.0 + 0.05 second, and the time .. _ . _ _ _ . _ _ . . . . _ _ _
FLAME RETARDANT COTTON BRUSHED FABRIC
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a f lame retardant, cotton brushed fabric and its use for the manufacture of garments, especially children's wear or children's sleepwear.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
Fabrics are produced for a wide variety of use, either domestic or industrial. Some part of the fabrics that are produced, is used in the clothing industry, more a~,e~,irically for the manufacture of children's wear. The largest part of the production is used for ladies' and men's wear.
Fabrics are made from varns. Yarns are thread-like strands spun from either natural fibers such as cotton, linen or wool, or from synthetic fibers such as polyester. The yarns are woven or knitted to make the fabric.
Afterwards, the fabric is dyed and used to make garments.
In the textile industry like in any others, standards have been established, which must be met in order for someone to be allowed to sell his products. Amongst these standards, one e~Lc~l,li..l ,ed by Health Canada relates to the flammability of the fabrics. This standard identified by Health Canada as ASTMD 1230-85 is of particular concern for the manufacturers of 25 garments.
According to this standard, fabrics are classified in three rld",r" ' :y classes depending on their "time of flame spread", viz. the time taken by a flame on a burning material to travel a specific distance under specific conditions. Such ~Idaa;ri~;dliu~ ~ is based on extensive testing 30 t~ ,e,i~ and is believed to be efficient for judging the relative flammability of a textile other than children's sleepwear.
~ 217~481 To be acceptable, products made of textile fibers, other than children's sleepwear, must fall within class 2, viz. have a time of flame spreadof either 3.5 seconds or more, where the products do not have a raised fiber surface, or of 4 seconds or more, where the products have a raised fiber 5 surface and exhibit ignition or fusion of their base fibers.
To be dcue~JLdble, products made of textile fibers for use for sleeping and children's sleepwear, children's, liyl ,~o~"s, nightshirts, dressing gowns, bathrobes, hollcecoAts~ robes, pyjamas and baby-doll pyjamas, must fall within class 1, viz. have a time of flame spread of 7 seconds or more.
Most of the synthetic fabrics meet such standard. However, 100% cotton brushed fabrics so",t:Li",es do not unless treated after brushing because cotton is made of cellulose, which is a highly inflammable product.
Thus, cotton yarn blazes quickly when it comes into contact with a flame.
To solve this problem, it is of common practice to manufacture 15 children wears from cotton fabrics containing 50% by weight or more of synthetic fibers, such as polyester or acrylic fibers. Such fabrics are flame retardant but not as uulllFol~dLI~ as the 100% cotton fabrics, and more particularly the 100% cotton brushed fabrics also called "fleeces".
It is known that the consumers want 100% cotton fabrics 20 because of their natural feel, look and name. 100% Cotton fabrics are felt to be more GolllFul~dble than polyester fabrics.
The present invention results from an observation that was made by the inventor that when a yarn containing 50% by wei~qht of cotton fibers and 50% by weight of polyester fibers is brushed to make a fabric soft and 25 fluffy, the polyester fibers come to the surface first, because they raise more readily than the cotton fibers. As a result, it would be possible to use a smaller amount of polyester fibers and still meet the flame retardancy standard because these fibers would anyway come to the surface first and cover the cotton fibers, thereby retarding the time the cotton would take to ignite.
~ ~ ~17~481 QBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVFNTION
Based on such a discovery, a first object of the present invention is to provide a flame retardant cotton brushed fabric consisting of a knit made of a 100% cotton face yarn on the back of which an inlay yarn is looped and brushed. This cotton brushed fabric is .,I,a,a~;Le,i~d in that its inlay yarn ismade of:
from 80% to 95% by weight of cotton fibers; and from 5% to 20% by weight of synthetic fibers, such as polyester or acrylic fibers.
The fabric is made of 90 to 98% cotton and 2 to 10% synthetic.
As a result, the fabric is made flame retardant with a time of flame spread of at least ~ seconds or more, and preferably 7 seconds or more, according to the ASTM standard rla,l",l ' "~y test referred to hereinabove.
Because of its low content of synthetic fibers and its high content of cotton, the fabric according to the invention does not only pass the rla""" ' "'y tests but also has a very natural look. As a matter of fact, it hasall the advantages of the 100% cotton fabrics: absu, I,e,~cy, softness, bulk andloft, consumer appeal, etc As aforesaid, the cotton fabric according to the invention is flame retardant and meets the ASTM flammability standard despite its low content of synthetic fibers. As a result, it is particularly useful for the manufacture of garments because of its comfort. As a matter of fact, there is a great need for the fabric according to the invention.
Accordingly, a second object of the present invention is to provide garments which are made of the flame retardant cotton brushed fabric defined hereinabove.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The fabric accordin~ to the invention is made by knitting a 100%
cotton face yarn with an inlay yarn containing from 5 to 20%, and preferably ~ 217~481 5% to 10% of synthetic fibers. Preferably, the fabric is a single knit fleece orJersey fabric.
The relative p~,ue,lLdy~ of inlay yarn present in the whole fabric may range from 30 to 50% . This relative per~, lla~t: of inlay yarn looped in the 5 fabric does not necessarily directly affect the flammatory test result.
In order to make a fleece fabric, the inlay yarn that is lopped onto the back of the knit must be brushed. This raises the synthetic fibers that it contains and thus gives the necessary flame retardant property. The raised surface of the fabric is sometimes called the "face".
The composition and respective percenta~qe of inlay yarn used in the fabric is preferably selected so that the total amount of cotton within the fabric is equal to 93% to 98%.
If desired, the fabric can be plaited with up to 10% by weiqht, and preferably up to 5% by weight of Spandex fibers. Such a plaiting makes 15 the fabric stretchable.
E~CAMPI F
A fabric identified as sample 13563 was subjected to the 20 flammability test set forth by the U.S. and Canadian Government standards (16 C.F.R. 1610 Standard for the rla""~ y of Clothing Textiles). The tested fabric was a fleece viz.a sin~qle knit fabric made of a 100% cotton face yarn with a Spandex yarn on the back of which was looped and brushed an inlay yarn uu",p,i,;"g 95% by weight of cotton fibers and 5Y0 by weight of 25 polyester fibers. The relative percentage of inlay yarn present in the fabric was 36%. As a result, the pc:,ue"~a~e of cotton within the whole fabric was equal to 93%, the one of polyester was equal to 2% only and the one of Spandex was equal to 5%. After brushing, such fabric had a raised fiber surface.
Five specimens of 2 by 6 inches were cut from the sample. Each 30 specimenwasuu,,~iLio,,edfor30minutesinanovenat105~C.Eachspecimen was then exposed to a flame and held in a special apparatus at an angle of 45~. A ~i~al ,da, .li~d flame was applied to the face of the fabric (viz. the raised fiber surface) at the lower end thereof for 1.0 + 0.05 second, and the time .. _ . _ _ _ . _ _ . . . . _ _ _
Claims (14)
1. In a cotton brushed fabric consisting of knit made of a 100% cotton face yarn on the back of which an inlay yarn is looped and brushed, the improvement wherein the inlay yarn is made of:
from 80% to 95% by weight of cotton fibers; and from 5% to 20% by weight of synthetic fibers;
whereby said fabric is made flame retardant with a time of flame spread equal to 4 seconds or more according to the ASTM standard flammability test.
from 80% to 95% by weight of cotton fibers; and from 5% to 20% by weight of synthetic fibers;
whereby said fabric is made flame retardant with a time of flame spread equal to 4 seconds or more according to the ASTM standard flammability test.
2. The improved fabric of claim 1 wherein the relative percentage of inlay yarn present in the fabric ranges from 30 to 50%.
3. The improved fabric of claim 2, wherein the time of flame spread is equal to 7 seconds or more.
4. The improved fabric of claim 3, wherein the inlay yarn is made of 95% by weight of cotton fibers and 5% by weight of synthetic fibers.
5. The improved fabric of claim 3, wherein the relative percentage of inlay yarn used in the fabric and the percentage of synthetic fibers within said inlay yarn are selected so that the total amount of cotton within the fabric ranges from 93% to 98% by weight.
6. The improved fabric of any one of claim 1 to 5, wherein the synthetic fibers are selected from the group consisting of polyester and acrylic fibers.
7. The improved fabric of claim 6, wherein the synthetic fibers are made of polyester.
8. The improved fabric of any one of claims 1 to 5 and 7, wherein the fabric is plaited with up to 10% by weight of Spandex fibers to make it stretchable.
9. The improved fabric of claim 8, wherein the fabric is plaited with about 5% by weight of Spandex fibers.
10. The improved fabric of any one of claims 1 to 5, 7 and 9, wherein said knit is a single knit.
11. The improved fabric of any one of claims 1 to 4, 6 and 8, wherein said knit is a Jersey knit.
12. The use of the improved fabric of any one of claims 1 to 5, 7 and 9 for the manufacture of garments.
13. The use of the improved fabric of any one of claims 2 to 5, 7 and 9 with a flame spread equal to 7 seconds or more for the manufacture of garments.
14. The use of improved fabric of any one of claim 8, with a flame spread equal to 7 seconds or more for the manufacture of garments.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002174481A CA2174481A1 (en) | 1996-04-18 | 1996-04-18 | Flame retardant cotton brushed fabric |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002174481A CA2174481A1 (en) | 1996-04-18 | 1996-04-18 | Flame retardant cotton brushed fabric |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2174481A1 true CA2174481A1 (en) | 1997-10-19 |
Family
ID=4158020
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002174481A Abandoned CA2174481A1 (en) | 1996-04-18 | 1996-04-18 | Flame retardant cotton brushed fabric |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2174481A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103061022A (en) * | 2013-01-04 | 2013-04-24 | 江苏金辰针纺织有限公司 | Lycra single jersey fabric |
| US11905630B2 (en) | 2019-02-22 | 2024-02-20 | Jess Black Inc. | Fire-resistant double-faced fabric of knitted construction |
-
1996
- 1996-04-18 CA CA002174481A patent/CA2174481A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103061022A (en) * | 2013-01-04 | 2013-04-24 | 江苏金辰针纺织有限公司 | Lycra single jersey fabric |
| US11905630B2 (en) | 2019-02-22 | 2024-02-20 | Jess Black Inc. | Fire-resistant double-faced fabric of knitted construction |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |