CA2170141C - Pin tumbler cylinder lock with shearable assembly pins and method and apparatus of manufacture - Google Patents
Pin tumbler cylinder lock with shearable assembly pins and method and apparatus of manufacture Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2170141C CA2170141C CA002170141A CA2170141A CA2170141C CA 2170141 C CA2170141 C CA 2170141C CA 002170141 A CA002170141 A CA 002170141A CA 2170141 A CA2170141 A CA 2170141A CA 2170141 C CA2170141 C CA 2170141C
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- Prior art keywords
- plug
- shell
- pin
- passageways
- assembly
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B17/00—Accessories in connection with locks
- E05B17/0004—Lock assembling or manufacturing
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B27/00—Cylinder locks or other locks with tumbler pins or balls that are set by pushing the key in
- E05B27/0003—Details
- E05B27/0017—Tumblers or pins
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B17/00—Accessories in connection with locks
- E05B17/0054—Fraction or shear lines; Slip-clutches, resilient parts or the like for preventing damage when forced or slammed
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B17/00—Accessories in connection with locks
- E05B17/0054—Fraction or shear lines; Slip-clutches, resilient parts or the like for preventing damage when forced or slammed
- E05B17/0062—Fraction or shear lines; Slip-clutches, resilient parts or the like for preventing damage when forced or slammed with destructive disengagement
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B27/00—Cylinder locks or other locks with tumbler pins or balls that are set by pushing the key in
- E05B27/005—Cylinder locks or other locks with tumbler pins or balls that are set by pushing the key in with changeable combinations
Abstract
A turnable lock cylinder (10) operable with driver (15u) und tumbler (151) pins when positioned by a key (16) at a shear line (18) in which shearable assembly pins (15a-e) are assembled in the cylinder (10) and thereafter sheared to form such driver (15u) and tumbler (151) pins for operation thereon. Each assembly pin (15a-e) is selectively weakened at a plurality of locations (17a-h) which correspond with notched depth heights of the family of keys capable of insertion in the keyhole. Such weakening (17a-h) is controlled so that pin shearing can be accomplished by application of rotational or linear forces applied to any part of the cylinder (10) except the key (16).
Description
~ wo gs/05gl9 2 1 7 0 1 4 1 PCT~S94/09391 PIN TY~R~.~R CYLINDER LOCK
WITH S~RLE ASSEMBLY PINS AND
METHOD AND AppARATus OF MANUFACTURE
Backqround of the Invention Prior cylinder locks have included a plurality of tumbler pins and aligned driver pins urged by springs against the key.
The pins are separately manufactured to selected lengths prior to lock assembly.
It has also been proposed to install one-piece pins in a cylinder; accomplish selected elevation of the pins using a notched key and thereafter shearing each pin, as held in such elevation by the notched key, into two lock pins (U. S. Patent No. 1,953,535). Such prior method has the disadvantage that 15 any second randomly-selected insertable key would be capable of elevating the pins and, if torqued, would again shear the pins thus compromising security.
Summar~ of the Invention Broadly, the present invention comprises a cylinder having a body, a turnable plug, a shear line therebetween, a plurality of selectively weakened assembly pins for initial positioning by a notched key. The assembly pins are sheared by the manufacturer or locksmith using special machinery to 25 thereafter function as both driver and tumbler pins. Such assembly pins are strong enough so that torquing or otherwise forcing with an insertable key by the lock user or person with an unauthorized key or similar tool will not shear them.
It is a feature of the invention that the assembly pins have a plurality of selectively weakened portions to control shearings at selected points provided sufficient shearing force is applied.
3s It is a feature that the driver and tumbler pins though sufficiently weakened are strong enough so that torquing of a , WO95/05919 PCT~S94/09391 key by hand or with a tool will cause the key or tool to fail before the pins shear.
Brief DescriPtion of the Drawinqs s Fig. 1 is a side elevational cutaway view of the lock of the present invention including shell, plug and key-positioned assembly pins;
Fig. 2 is a side elevational view of an assembly pin of 10 the present~invention;
Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 1 in which the pins have been sheared by relative lateral movement between the shell and plug;
Fig. 4 is a plan view of the apparatus for shearing assembly pins and crimping the shell and plug together;
Fig. 5 is an elevational view of the apparatus of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is a partial secti,onal view along line 6-6 of Fig.
3;
Fig. 7 is a partial sectional view along line 7-7 of Fig.
25 6;
Fig. 8 is an elevational view of the pin of a second em~odiment;
Fig. 8a is an enlarged view of a pin groove B of the pin of Fig. 8;
Fig. 9 is a sectional view perpendicular to the horizontal axis of the plug without pins;
Fig. 9a is a sectional view similar to Fig. 9 with pins and with the plug slightly turned;
~ WO95105919 2 1 7 0 1 4 I PCT~S~ 391 Fig. 10 is a plan view of a second shearing mechanism with longitudinal axis A-A for use at retail locations; and Fig. 11 is a sectional view through longitudinal axis A-A
5 of the mechanism of Fig. 10.
DescriPtion of the Preferred Embodiment In Figs. 1-3, lock 10 includes cylinder shell 11 with plug collar 13c, turnable cylinder plug 13, five (5) vertical 10 pin passageways 14a-e extending up into housing 11 and down into plug 13. Also shown are assembly pins 15a-e, plug tail 12, brass key 16, cylinder shear line 18 and pin springs 20a-e. Each assembly pin l~a-e has eight (8) circumferential grooves 17a-h. Pins 15a-e are made of selected material and lS their grooves 17a-h are shaped and proportioned to accomplish assembly pin searing by the manufacturer or locksmith while preventing compromise in security while the lock is in service through use of an unauthorized key or other instrument.
Different manufacturers have differing non-notch key 20 configurations which allow the keys of a given manufacturer to be insertable in locks of that, manufacturer.
Assembly pins of the invention are notched or otherwise selectively weakened to reduce the force taken to shear such 25 pins; however, they are not weakened such that an insertable key ~a key with the same keyway configuration on the lock key) with a different cut could be torqued by hand or by a tool to cause the driver and tumbler pins to shear prior to key or tool failure. The pin notches have a depth and shape such 30 that only the force of factory or locksmith equipment applied to portions of the plug, and not applied to the key, can shear the pins. Forces applied to the key or directly to plug collar 13c in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of plug 13 are resisted and absorbed by collar 13c engaging shell 35 11.
wo9s/ossl9 PCT~S94/09391 The following assembly pins, with varying notch diameters, were tested:
Inner Notch Average Force Per Diameter Pin To Shear 50.060 inch 95 lbs.
0.062 inch 105 lbs.
0.0~5 inch 120 lbs.
0.070 inch 140 lbs.
0.074 inch 155 lbs.
100.079 inch 180 lbs.
0.084 inch 205 lbs.
Inner notch diameter (ND) was less than overall diameter or outer notch diameter D (see Fig. 2). An inner diameter of 15 0.062 inch is preferred for padlock pins. In the above tests D was 0.094 inch. Notch angle (C) was 20~ (degrees) (Fig. 2).
The ratio of ND to D is preferably in the range 63~-74%. The present invention also includes door hardware pins where an inner diameter of 0.074 inch is preferred for pins having an 20 outside diameter (D) of 0.114 inch.
In the manufacture of cylinder lo, assembly pins 15a-e, each with eight (8) weakening circumferential grooves 17a-h, are fabricated for use in making a quantity of locks. In the 25 present system, preferably keys have eight (8) different cut depths and five pin cylinders, creating thirty-two thousand (32,000) combinations. Each groove 17a-h has a width w (Fig. 2) of about .0060-0.010 inches and series of grooves 17a-h are spaced vertically (as shown in Fig. ~) about 0.0156 30 inch apart. In the assembly of cylinder 10, assembly pins 15a-e (each of which is the same within a tolerance of ~
0.0005) are placed into passageways 14a-e and then sheared.
The series of spaced-apart grooves 17a-h are located in the assembly pins 15a-e such that they are positioned at the shear 35 line 18 by a family of insertable keys.
~ WO95/05919 2 1 7 0 1 4 I PCT~Sg4/09391 Fig. 3 illustrates plug 13 being driven to the right to shear pins 15a-e as further explained below. As sheared, each assembly pin 15a-e breaks into an upper drive section 15u to function as a drive pin and aligned lower tumbler section 151 s to function as a tumbler pin. Cylinder shell ll has end ring portion 20 and plug 13 has angled portion 13a (Fig. 1). A
segment 20p of ring portion 20 is crimped against portion 13a as later described (see also Figs. 6 and 7).
Turning to Figs. 4-5, pin shearing and crimping apparatus 30 includes lock fixture 31 having configured aperture 32.
Cylinder unit 10 with its shell 11 and plug 13 and unsheared assembly pin 15a-e is placed in aperture 32 with housing 11 abutting wall 32w. Plug tail 12 is engageable with shiftable 15 shear pin 41. Shift shear pin 41 is shown in its rest position biased to the right as viewed in Fig. 4 by spring 52.
Also included in apparatus 30 is shearing plunger 36 mounted in cylindrical opening 37 of stationary mount block 38 spaced from fixture 31. Apparatus 30 further includes a crimper unit 20 50 including a crimping ram 52 driven by a solenoid unit (E).
Crimp shift pin 54 is shown in its rest position biased away from the cylinder shell 10 by crimp pin spring 55.
In operation, cylinder 10 including shell 11, plug 13 25 plug tail 12 and key 16, as an assembly are placed in aperture 32 of fixture 31. Shear pin 41 is hit by shearing plunger 36 to apply force F to cylinder plug tail 12 to move plug 13 in direction A. Pins 15a-e are thereby sheared (Fig. 3). Plug 13 is pushed back by hand using key 16 to the original 30 position. Next, crimper unit 50 drives crimp shift pin 54 to crimp ring port on segment 20p of shell 11 against plug portion 13a (see Figs. 1, 6 and 7).
Turning to Figs. 8-10, a further embodiment of the 3s invention is shown in which pins have a certain notch configuration and the plug is shaped to facilitate shearing and rotation. Each pin 60 of this embodiment has grooves or W09S/OS919 PCT~S94/09391 ~
notches 61, for example, the ten (10) circumferential grooves 61-A-J (shown in fig. 8). Each groove 61 has beveled surface areas or chamfers 63 to facilitate plug rotation and to make picking of the lock more difficult. Each chamfer 63 is sloped 5 at angle C to the plane perpendicular to pin 60's longitudinal axis (Fig. 8a). The slope of chamfer 63 is parallel to tangent line T whïch is perpendicular to radius R (Fig. 9).
The selection of such a chamfer slope optimizes the ease of plug rotation. Distances from the bottom key-engaged end 60b 10 of pin 60 to the center of each groove is set out in Table 1 (see also Fig. 8).
Table 1 Letter Distance in Inches A .166 B .181 C .196 D .211 E .226 F .241 G .256 H .271 I .286 J .301 Each notch A-J is comprised of a portion of a notch b above plane Z perpendicular to longitudinal pin axis LA and a notch portion b below line Z.
Plug 64 of shell-plug unit 65 has a flat surface 66 positioned adjacent the upper shell section 67 of shell 57.
After shearing, and with the key (not shown~ inserted, the tumbler pin 60t is raised which in turn raises the driver pin 30 60d. As plug 64 is turned in either direction (such as direction A; Fig. 9a), groove chamfer surfaces 63 assist in free turning when the tumbler pin 60t is too high or the ~ottom of the driver pin 60d too low. Chamfer surfaces 63 reduce the likelihood that pins will catch the sides of pin 3S passageways 71u, 711 in either shell or in the plug.
~ W095/05919 PCT~S94/09391 Turning to Figs. 10 and ll, a pin shearing mechanism 78 is shown having body 79, housing cavity 81, a turnable drive unit 82 mounted in cavity 81 for rotation about a horizontal axis (H) (Fig. 11). Turnable unit 82 includes hand wheel 83 ~ 5 and nut 84 mounted in rotatable drive body 80. Nut 84 is turnable by wrench 86 (not shown). As drive unit 82 is turned it translates plunger 87 through mating threads 88 on unit 82 and threads 89 on plunger 87. Plunger 87 moves linearly in direction AA. Plunger 87 is held from turning by indentation 10 91 having flat surface 92 and by vertical post 93 which engages sur~ace 92 to prevent rotation. Mechanism 78 includes lock holder recess 93 including shell support wall 94 which holds the shell plug unit 65 against translation in direction AA. In the operation of mechanism 78 (unit 65 is not shown in 15 Fig. lo), the lock unit 65 is placed in holder recess 93, plunger 87 is advanced until it touches the plug 64 and a wrench is then used to turn nut 84 to translate plug 64 relative to its shell until the assembly pins 60 shear.
Example A door lock constructed of five (5) assembly pin passageways 71 and assembly pins 60 which will, as explained, be sheared to form each pin set (a tumbler pin 70t and driver pin 70d in tandem). Each assembly pin 60 has a basic diameter 25 (BD) of .114 inches and a reduced weakened diameter (WD) in the grooves of .076 inches (see Fig. 8). Each assembly pin 60 has ten (10) grooves 61A-61J prior to shearing to create the tumbler-driver pin sets.
Prior to shearing the door lock cylinder is shipped to a locksmith. A customer of the locksmith provides the locksmith with a key used by the customer in operating other lock of the customer. The locksmith inserts the customer's key in the lock, places the lock in the mechanism 78 and shears the 35 assembly pins 60. The customer then installs the door lock in his home which lock can be ser~ed by the customerls existing ~ey.
WO95/05919 PCT~S'~ 391 ~
Table 2 Pin Characteristics Basic Weakened In Line F Torque To ~Ye~ ~iameter Diameter To Shear Shear (BD) (WD) Padlock .094 in. .076 in. 210 lb. 200 in lb.
Door Lock .114 in. .076 in. 210 lb. 200 in lb.
The pin diameter of each of the grooves (WD) is selected to provide sufficient strength so that the assembly pins 60 lO will not fail when a key (or tool of cross section to permit penetration into the keyhole) is torqued. The key (or tool) will fail through breaking, shearing or twisting before the pins 60 shear. As an example, a hardened steel key was inserted into the keyhole of a lock of the present invention 15 and a torque of 240 lb/in was applied to the key. The tool broke without shearing the pins 60. The pin grooves 61A-J are also shaped to create a fracture or shear surfaces on both tumbler and driver pins which are non-flat and which facilitate lock operation. Finally, grooves 61A-J are shaped 20 so that upon fracturing during manufacture or customizing by a locksmith, tumbler and driver pins 70 having end configurations including chamfer surfaces 63 are formed which assist in plug rotation during subsequent operation.
WITH S~RLE ASSEMBLY PINS AND
METHOD AND AppARATus OF MANUFACTURE
Backqround of the Invention Prior cylinder locks have included a plurality of tumbler pins and aligned driver pins urged by springs against the key.
The pins are separately manufactured to selected lengths prior to lock assembly.
It has also been proposed to install one-piece pins in a cylinder; accomplish selected elevation of the pins using a notched key and thereafter shearing each pin, as held in such elevation by the notched key, into two lock pins (U. S. Patent No. 1,953,535). Such prior method has the disadvantage that 15 any second randomly-selected insertable key would be capable of elevating the pins and, if torqued, would again shear the pins thus compromising security.
Summar~ of the Invention Broadly, the present invention comprises a cylinder having a body, a turnable plug, a shear line therebetween, a plurality of selectively weakened assembly pins for initial positioning by a notched key. The assembly pins are sheared by the manufacturer or locksmith using special machinery to 25 thereafter function as both driver and tumbler pins. Such assembly pins are strong enough so that torquing or otherwise forcing with an insertable key by the lock user or person with an unauthorized key or similar tool will not shear them.
It is a feature of the invention that the assembly pins have a plurality of selectively weakened portions to control shearings at selected points provided sufficient shearing force is applied.
3s It is a feature that the driver and tumbler pins though sufficiently weakened are strong enough so that torquing of a , WO95/05919 PCT~S94/09391 key by hand or with a tool will cause the key or tool to fail before the pins shear.
Brief DescriPtion of the Drawinqs s Fig. 1 is a side elevational cutaway view of the lock of the present invention including shell, plug and key-positioned assembly pins;
Fig. 2 is a side elevational view of an assembly pin of 10 the present~invention;
Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 1 in which the pins have been sheared by relative lateral movement between the shell and plug;
Fig. 4 is a plan view of the apparatus for shearing assembly pins and crimping the shell and plug together;
Fig. 5 is an elevational view of the apparatus of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is a partial secti,onal view along line 6-6 of Fig.
3;
Fig. 7 is a partial sectional view along line 7-7 of Fig.
25 6;
Fig. 8 is an elevational view of the pin of a second em~odiment;
Fig. 8a is an enlarged view of a pin groove B of the pin of Fig. 8;
Fig. 9 is a sectional view perpendicular to the horizontal axis of the plug without pins;
Fig. 9a is a sectional view similar to Fig. 9 with pins and with the plug slightly turned;
~ WO95105919 2 1 7 0 1 4 I PCT~S~ 391 Fig. 10 is a plan view of a second shearing mechanism with longitudinal axis A-A for use at retail locations; and Fig. 11 is a sectional view through longitudinal axis A-A
5 of the mechanism of Fig. 10.
DescriPtion of the Preferred Embodiment In Figs. 1-3, lock 10 includes cylinder shell 11 with plug collar 13c, turnable cylinder plug 13, five (5) vertical 10 pin passageways 14a-e extending up into housing 11 and down into plug 13. Also shown are assembly pins 15a-e, plug tail 12, brass key 16, cylinder shear line 18 and pin springs 20a-e. Each assembly pin l~a-e has eight (8) circumferential grooves 17a-h. Pins 15a-e are made of selected material and lS their grooves 17a-h are shaped and proportioned to accomplish assembly pin searing by the manufacturer or locksmith while preventing compromise in security while the lock is in service through use of an unauthorized key or other instrument.
Different manufacturers have differing non-notch key 20 configurations which allow the keys of a given manufacturer to be insertable in locks of that, manufacturer.
Assembly pins of the invention are notched or otherwise selectively weakened to reduce the force taken to shear such 25 pins; however, they are not weakened such that an insertable key ~a key with the same keyway configuration on the lock key) with a different cut could be torqued by hand or by a tool to cause the driver and tumbler pins to shear prior to key or tool failure. The pin notches have a depth and shape such 30 that only the force of factory or locksmith equipment applied to portions of the plug, and not applied to the key, can shear the pins. Forces applied to the key or directly to plug collar 13c in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of plug 13 are resisted and absorbed by collar 13c engaging shell 35 11.
wo9s/ossl9 PCT~S94/09391 The following assembly pins, with varying notch diameters, were tested:
Inner Notch Average Force Per Diameter Pin To Shear 50.060 inch 95 lbs.
0.062 inch 105 lbs.
0.0~5 inch 120 lbs.
0.070 inch 140 lbs.
0.074 inch 155 lbs.
100.079 inch 180 lbs.
0.084 inch 205 lbs.
Inner notch diameter (ND) was less than overall diameter or outer notch diameter D (see Fig. 2). An inner diameter of 15 0.062 inch is preferred for padlock pins. In the above tests D was 0.094 inch. Notch angle (C) was 20~ (degrees) (Fig. 2).
The ratio of ND to D is preferably in the range 63~-74%. The present invention also includes door hardware pins where an inner diameter of 0.074 inch is preferred for pins having an 20 outside diameter (D) of 0.114 inch.
In the manufacture of cylinder lo, assembly pins 15a-e, each with eight (8) weakening circumferential grooves 17a-h, are fabricated for use in making a quantity of locks. In the 25 present system, preferably keys have eight (8) different cut depths and five pin cylinders, creating thirty-two thousand (32,000) combinations. Each groove 17a-h has a width w (Fig. 2) of about .0060-0.010 inches and series of grooves 17a-h are spaced vertically (as shown in Fig. ~) about 0.0156 30 inch apart. In the assembly of cylinder 10, assembly pins 15a-e (each of which is the same within a tolerance of ~
0.0005) are placed into passageways 14a-e and then sheared.
The series of spaced-apart grooves 17a-h are located in the assembly pins 15a-e such that they are positioned at the shear 35 line 18 by a family of insertable keys.
~ WO95/05919 2 1 7 0 1 4 I PCT~Sg4/09391 Fig. 3 illustrates plug 13 being driven to the right to shear pins 15a-e as further explained below. As sheared, each assembly pin 15a-e breaks into an upper drive section 15u to function as a drive pin and aligned lower tumbler section 151 s to function as a tumbler pin. Cylinder shell ll has end ring portion 20 and plug 13 has angled portion 13a (Fig. 1). A
segment 20p of ring portion 20 is crimped against portion 13a as later described (see also Figs. 6 and 7).
Turning to Figs. 4-5, pin shearing and crimping apparatus 30 includes lock fixture 31 having configured aperture 32.
Cylinder unit 10 with its shell 11 and plug 13 and unsheared assembly pin 15a-e is placed in aperture 32 with housing 11 abutting wall 32w. Plug tail 12 is engageable with shiftable 15 shear pin 41. Shift shear pin 41 is shown in its rest position biased to the right as viewed in Fig. 4 by spring 52.
Also included in apparatus 30 is shearing plunger 36 mounted in cylindrical opening 37 of stationary mount block 38 spaced from fixture 31. Apparatus 30 further includes a crimper unit 20 50 including a crimping ram 52 driven by a solenoid unit (E).
Crimp shift pin 54 is shown in its rest position biased away from the cylinder shell 10 by crimp pin spring 55.
In operation, cylinder 10 including shell 11, plug 13 25 plug tail 12 and key 16, as an assembly are placed in aperture 32 of fixture 31. Shear pin 41 is hit by shearing plunger 36 to apply force F to cylinder plug tail 12 to move plug 13 in direction A. Pins 15a-e are thereby sheared (Fig. 3). Plug 13 is pushed back by hand using key 16 to the original 30 position. Next, crimper unit 50 drives crimp shift pin 54 to crimp ring port on segment 20p of shell 11 against plug portion 13a (see Figs. 1, 6 and 7).
Turning to Figs. 8-10, a further embodiment of the 3s invention is shown in which pins have a certain notch configuration and the plug is shaped to facilitate shearing and rotation. Each pin 60 of this embodiment has grooves or W09S/OS919 PCT~S94/09391 ~
notches 61, for example, the ten (10) circumferential grooves 61-A-J (shown in fig. 8). Each groove 61 has beveled surface areas or chamfers 63 to facilitate plug rotation and to make picking of the lock more difficult. Each chamfer 63 is sloped 5 at angle C to the plane perpendicular to pin 60's longitudinal axis (Fig. 8a). The slope of chamfer 63 is parallel to tangent line T whïch is perpendicular to radius R (Fig. 9).
The selection of such a chamfer slope optimizes the ease of plug rotation. Distances from the bottom key-engaged end 60b 10 of pin 60 to the center of each groove is set out in Table 1 (see also Fig. 8).
Table 1 Letter Distance in Inches A .166 B .181 C .196 D .211 E .226 F .241 G .256 H .271 I .286 J .301 Each notch A-J is comprised of a portion of a notch b above plane Z perpendicular to longitudinal pin axis LA and a notch portion b below line Z.
Plug 64 of shell-plug unit 65 has a flat surface 66 positioned adjacent the upper shell section 67 of shell 57.
After shearing, and with the key (not shown~ inserted, the tumbler pin 60t is raised which in turn raises the driver pin 30 60d. As plug 64 is turned in either direction (such as direction A; Fig. 9a), groove chamfer surfaces 63 assist in free turning when the tumbler pin 60t is too high or the ~ottom of the driver pin 60d too low. Chamfer surfaces 63 reduce the likelihood that pins will catch the sides of pin 3S passageways 71u, 711 in either shell or in the plug.
~ W095/05919 PCT~S94/09391 Turning to Figs. 10 and ll, a pin shearing mechanism 78 is shown having body 79, housing cavity 81, a turnable drive unit 82 mounted in cavity 81 for rotation about a horizontal axis (H) (Fig. 11). Turnable unit 82 includes hand wheel 83 ~ 5 and nut 84 mounted in rotatable drive body 80. Nut 84 is turnable by wrench 86 (not shown). As drive unit 82 is turned it translates plunger 87 through mating threads 88 on unit 82 and threads 89 on plunger 87. Plunger 87 moves linearly in direction AA. Plunger 87 is held from turning by indentation 10 91 having flat surface 92 and by vertical post 93 which engages sur~ace 92 to prevent rotation. Mechanism 78 includes lock holder recess 93 including shell support wall 94 which holds the shell plug unit 65 against translation in direction AA. In the operation of mechanism 78 (unit 65 is not shown in 15 Fig. lo), the lock unit 65 is placed in holder recess 93, plunger 87 is advanced until it touches the plug 64 and a wrench is then used to turn nut 84 to translate plug 64 relative to its shell until the assembly pins 60 shear.
Example A door lock constructed of five (5) assembly pin passageways 71 and assembly pins 60 which will, as explained, be sheared to form each pin set (a tumbler pin 70t and driver pin 70d in tandem). Each assembly pin 60 has a basic diameter 25 (BD) of .114 inches and a reduced weakened diameter (WD) in the grooves of .076 inches (see Fig. 8). Each assembly pin 60 has ten (10) grooves 61A-61J prior to shearing to create the tumbler-driver pin sets.
Prior to shearing the door lock cylinder is shipped to a locksmith. A customer of the locksmith provides the locksmith with a key used by the customer in operating other lock of the customer. The locksmith inserts the customer's key in the lock, places the lock in the mechanism 78 and shears the 35 assembly pins 60. The customer then installs the door lock in his home which lock can be ser~ed by the customerls existing ~ey.
WO95/05919 PCT~S'~ 391 ~
Table 2 Pin Characteristics Basic Weakened In Line F Torque To ~Ye~ ~iameter Diameter To Shear Shear (BD) (WD) Padlock .094 in. .076 in. 210 lb. 200 in lb.
Door Lock .114 in. .076 in. 210 lb. 200 in lb.
The pin diameter of each of the grooves (WD) is selected to provide sufficient strength so that the assembly pins 60 lO will not fail when a key (or tool of cross section to permit penetration into the keyhole) is torqued. The key (or tool) will fail through breaking, shearing or twisting before the pins 60 shear. As an example, a hardened steel key was inserted into the keyhole of a lock of the present invention 15 and a torque of 240 lb/in was applied to the key. The tool broke without shearing the pins 60. The pin grooves 61A-J are also shaped to create a fracture or shear surfaces on both tumbler and driver pins which are non-flat and which facilitate lock operation. Finally, grooves 61A-J are shaped 20 so that upon fracturing during manufacture or customizing by a locksmith, tumbler and driver pins 70 having end configurations including chamfer surfaces 63 are formed which assist in plug rotation during subsequent operation.
Claims (14)
1. In a cylinder lock having a shell with a longitudinal shell axis, a turnable plug mounted within the shell for rotation about said shell axis, a keyhole in the plug, said keyhole extending along said shell axis, a plurality of aligned pin passageways in the shell and said plug, said passageways communicating with said keyhole, assembly pins slidably positioned in the passageways, said assembly pins each having a longitudinal pin axis and a series of weakened zones spaced along said longitudinal pin axis, each of said assembly pins being shearable along said weakened zones into an upper driver pin and a lower tumbler pin upon application of a shearing force applied to said assembly pin, the improvement wherein:
a) said weakened zones of said assembly pins have a strength sufficient to prevent said shearing thereof by the application of the greatest rotative force that can be applied to said plug through said keyhole by every key-like tool that can be inserted into said keyhole.
a) said weakened zones of said assembly pins have a strength sufficient to prevent said shearing thereof by the application of the greatest rotative force that can be applied to said plug through said keyhole by every key-like tool that can be inserted into said keyhole.
2. The cylinder lock of claim 1 wherein:
a) a shear line is defined by opposed surfaces of said shell and plug, b) said plug has an outer surface through which said pin passageways in the plug extend; and c) the outer surface of the plug through which said pin passageways extend is flat and defines said opposed surface of said plug.
a) a shear line is defined by opposed surfaces of said shell and plug, b) said plug has an outer surface through which said pin passageways in the plug extend; and c) the outer surface of the plug through which said pin passageways extend is flat and defines said opposed surface of said plug.
3. The cylinder lock of claim 2 in which:
a) each weakened zone is shaped to define, after shearing, a driver pin with a lower end having a chamfered outer edge.
a) each weakened zone is shaped to define, after shearing, a driver pin with a lower end having a chamfered outer edge.
4. The cylinder lock of claim 1 wherein:
a) said passageways in said plug are spaced along said longitudinal shell axis;
b) the outer surface of said plug, laterally of said longitudinal shell axis and said passageways therealong, defines a cylindrical shape;
c) each weakened zone is shaped to define, after shearing, a tumbler pin with an upper end having a chamfered outer edge; and d) said chamfered outer edge is oriented about parallel to a tangent line to the outer surface of said plug which is cylindrically shaped and immediately adjacent to said pin passageways.
a) said passageways in said plug are spaced along said longitudinal shell axis;
b) the outer surface of said plug, laterally of said longitudinal shell axis and said passageways therealong, defines a cylindrical shape;
c) each weakened zone is shaped to define, after shearing, a tumbler pin with an upper end having a chamfered outer edge; and d) said chamfered outer edge is oriented about parallel to a tangent line to the outer surface of said plug which is cylindrically shaped and immediately adjacent to said pin passageways.
5. The cylinder lock of claim 4 in which the weakening zones are each defined by a notch having shearable portions lying in a plane perpendicular to said pin axis.
6. In a cylinder lock having a shell with a longitudinal shell axis, a turnable plug mounted within the shell for rotation about said shell axis, a shear line between said shell and plug defined by opposed surfaces of said shell and plug, a keyhole in the plug, said keyhole extending along said shell axis, a plurality of aligned pin passageways in the shell and the plug, said passageways communicating with said keyhole, assembly pins slidably positioned in the passageways, said assembly pins each having a longitudinal pin axis and a series of weakened zones spaced along said longitudinal pin axis, each of said assembly pins being shearable along said weakened zones into an upper driver pin and a lower tumbler pin upon application of a shearing force applied to said assembly pin, the improvement wherein:
a) said plug has an outer surface through which said pin passageways in the plug extend; and b) the outer surface between each of said pin passageways of the plug and through which each of said pin passageways extends is flat and defines said opposed surface of said plug.
a) said plug has an outer surface through which said pin passageways in the plug extend; and b) the outer surface between each of said pin passageways of the plug and through which each of said pin passageways extends is flat and defines said opposed surface of said plug.
7. The cylinder lock of claim 6 in which:
a) each weakened zone is shaped to define, after shearing, a driver pin with a lower end having a chamfered outer edge.
a) each weakened zone is shaped to define, after shearing, a driver pin with a lower end having a chamfered outer edge.
8. In a cylinder lock having a shell with a longitudinal shell axis, a turnable plug mounted within the shell for rotation about said shell axis, a keyhole in the plug, said keyhole extending along said shell axis, a plurality of aligned pin passageways in the shell and the plug, said passageways communicating with said keyhole, pins slidably positioned in the passageways for movement toward and away from said keyhole, said pins each having a longitudinal pin axis and a series of weakened zones spaced along said longitudinal pin axis, each of said pins being shearable along any of said weakened zones and being sheared along one of said weakened zones into an upper driver pin and a lower tumbler pin, the improvement wherein:
a) said weakened zones of said driver and tumbler pins have a strength sufficient to prevent shearing thereof along said weakened zones by the application of the greatest rotative force that can be applied to said plug through said keyhole by every key-like tool that can be inserted into said keyhole.
a) said weakened zones of said driver and tumbler pins have a strength sufficient to prevent shearing thereof along said weakened zones by the application of the greatest rotative force that can be applied to said plug through said keyhole by every key-like tool that can be inserted into said keyhole.
9. A method for manufacturing a lock having a shell, a turnable plug rotatably mounted within said shell and having a keyhole for insertion of a key, a shear line between the shell and plug, and a plurality of aligned shell and plug passageways, comprising the steps of:
a) assembling the shell and plug with the shell passageways aligned with the plug passageways;
b) positioning within each aligned shell and plug passageway an assembly pin having a series of spaced weakened zones and a strength such that application of a first shearing force to said assembly pins equal to or less than the maximum rotative force that can be applied to said plug through said keyhole by every key-like tool that can be inserted into said keyhole will not shear said assembly pins along said weakened zones;
c) aligning a selected weakened zone of each assembly pin with each other for shearing; and d) thereafter shearing said assembly pins along said selected weakened zones by application of a second shearing force larger than said maximum rotative force along the shear line to shear each assembly pin into two pin sections.
a) assembling the shell and plug with the shell passageways aligned with the plug passageways;
b) positioning within each aligned shell and plug passageway an assembly pin having a series of spaced weakened zones and a strength such that application of a first shearing force to said assembly pins equal to or less than the maximum rotative force that can be applied to said plug through said keyhole by every key-like tool that can be inserted into said keyhole will not shear said assembly pins along said weakened zones;
c) aligning a selected weakened zone of each assembly pin with each other for shearing; and d) thereafter shearing said assembly pins along said selected weakened zones by application of a second shearing force larger than said maximum rotative force along the shear line to shear each assembly pin into two pin sections.
10. The method of claim 9 in which the plug has a flat outer surface through which each of said pin passageways in the plug extends, the method wherein:
a) said second shearing force is applied along said flat surface.
a) said second shearing force is applied along said flat surface.
11. A method for manufacturing a lock having a shell with a longitudinal shell axis, a turnable plug with a longitudinal plug axis and a keyhole for insertion of a key along said plug axis, a plurality of aligned pin passageways in said shell and plug, said plug having an outer flat surface extending along said longitudinal plug axis between each of said pin passageways and through which each of said pin passageways in said plug extends, and a shear line between said shell and plug defined by said outer flat surface of said plug and an opposing surface of said shell, comprising the steps of:
a) assembling the shell and plug with the pin passageways aligned in said shell and plug;
b) positioning within each aligned pin passageway an assembly pin having a series of spaced weakened zones;
c) aligning a selected weakened zone of each assembly pin with each other for shearing; and d) thereafter shearing said assembly pins along said selected weakened zones by application of a shearing force applied along said flat surface in the direction of said plug axis to shear each assembly pin into two pin sections.
a) assembling the shell and plug with the pin passageways aligned in said shell and plug;
b) positioning within each aligned pin passageway an assembly pin having a series of spaced weakened zones;
c) aligning a selected weakened zone of each assembly pin with each other for shearing; and d) thereafter shearing said assembly pins along said selected weakened zones by application of a shearing force applied along said flat surface in the direction of said plug axis to shear each assembly pin into two pin sections.
12. Apparatus for shearing assembly pins in a lock having a shell with a longitudinal shell axis and a plug with a longitudinal plug axis rotatably mounted therein, by application of a force on said plug parallel to said plug axis, comprising:
a) a frame;
b) a lock holder recess in the frame to receive a shell-plug assembly comprising said shell and said plug, said recess including shell holding means for holding said shell against movement during shearing; and c) plug translation means for translating the plug while the shell is held, said plug translation means, in turn, comprising:
i) a plug engageable plunger means for movement toward and against the plug, and ii) rotatable drive means connected to said plunger means to translate said plunger means against the plug to move the plug as the shell is held.
a) a frame;
b) a lock holder recess in the frame to receive a shell-plug assembly comprising said shell and said plug, said recess including shell holding means for holding said shell against movement during shearing; and c) plug translation means for translating the plug while the shell is held, said plug translation means, in turn, comprising:
i) a plug engageable plunger means for movement toward and against the plug, and ii) rotatable drive means connected to said plunger means to translate said plunger means against the plug to move the plug as the shell is held.
13. A method for manufacturing a lock having a shell, a turnable plug rotatably mounted within said shell and having a keyhole for insertion of a key, a shear line between the shell and plug, a plurality of aligned shell and plug passageways, and assembly pins in said passageways, comprising the steps of:
a) positioning said shell and plug with said shell held against movement relative to said plug and with the shell passageways aligned with the plug passageways and with an assembly pin located within each aligned shell and plug passageway, each assembly pin having a series of spaced weakened zones and a strength such that application of a first shearing force to said assembly pins equal to or less than the maximum rotative force that can be applied to said plug through said keyhole by every key-like tool that can be inserted into said keyhole will not shear said assembly pins along said weakened zones;
b) aligning a selected weakened zone of each assembly pin with each other for shearing; and c) thereafter shearing said assembly pins along said selected weakened zones by application of a second shearing force larger than said maximum rotative force along the shear line to shear each assembly pin into two pin sections.
a) positioning said shell and plug with said shell held against movement relative to said plug and with the shell passageways aligned with the plug passageways and with an assembly pin located within each aligned shell and plug passageway, each assembly pin having a series of spaced weakened zones and a strength such that application of a first shearing force to said assembly pins equal to or less than the maximum rotative force that can be applied to said plug through said keyhole by every key-like tool that can be inserted into said keyhole will not shear said assembly pins along said weakened zones;
b) aligning a selected weakened zone of each assembly pin with each other for shearing; and c) thereafter shearing said assembly pins along said selected weakened zones by application of a second shearing force larger than said maximum rotative force along the shear line to shear each assembly pin into two pin sections.
14. The method of claim 13 in which the plug has a flat outer surface through which each of said pin passageways in the plug extends, the method wherein:
a) said second shearing force is applied along said flat surface.
a) said second shearing force is applied along said flat surface.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US110,264 | 1987-10-20 | ||
| US11026493A | 1993-08-23 | 1993-08-23 | |
| US29336894A | 1994-08-19 | 1994-08-19 | |
| US08/293,368 | 1994-08-19 | ||
| PCT/US1994/009391 WO1995005919A1 (en) | 1993-08-23 | 1994-08-22 | Pin tumbler cylinder lock with shearable assembly pins and method and apparatus of manufacture |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2170141A1 CA2170141A1 (en) | 1995-03-02 |
| CA2170141C true CA2170141C (en) | 2002-01-08 |
Family
ID=26807863
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002170141A Expired - Fee Related CA2170141C (en) | 1993-08-23 | 1994-08-22 | Pin tumbler cylinder lock with shearable assembly pins and method and apparatus of manufacture |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0715558A4 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1061921C (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9407559A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2170141C (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA94006413A (en) |
| MY (1) | MY111800A (en) |
| TW (1) | TW289063B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI421399B (en) * | 2007-04-26 | 2014-01-01 | Goal Kk | Cylinder lock and key system with its cylinder lock |
| CN106760974A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-05-31 | 辽宁石油化工大学 | A kind of adjustable key and lock core structure |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1953535A (en) * | 1931-11-19 | 1934-04-03 | Edwin P Hurd | Method of making locks |
| US2555316A (en) * | 1947-11-18 | 1951-06-05 | Hollymade Hardware Mfg Company | Pin tumbler lock structure |
| US2820360A (en) * | 1954-08-06 | 1958-01-21 | Master Lock Co | Lock shell and plug assembly |
| US4741188A (en) * | 1985-07-16 | 1988-05-03 | Smith Jerry R | Rekeyable master and user lock system with high security features |
| GB8827202D0 (en) * | 1988-11-22 | 1988-12-29 | Lepetit Spa | Process for preparing 63-carboxyamides of teicoplanin antibiotics |
-
1994
- 1994-08-22 CN CN94193655A patent/CN1061921C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-08-22 BR BR9407559A patent/BR9407559A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-08-22 EP EP94925959A patent/EP0715558A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-08-22 CA CA002170141A patent/CA2170141C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-08-23 MY MYPI94002199A patent/MY111800A/en unknown
- 1994-08-23 MX MXPA94006413A patent/MXPA94006413A/en unknown
- 1994-08-24 TW TW083107777A patent/TW289063B/zh active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1061921C (en) | 2001-02-14 |
| MY111800A (en) | 2001-01-31 |
| EP0715558A1 (en) | 1996-06-12 |
| AU682212B2 (en) | 1997-09-25 |
| CA2170141A1 (en) | 1995-03-02 |
| AU7600394A (en) | 1995-03-21 |
| EP0715558A4 (en) | 1996-10-02 |
| MXPA94006413A (en) | 2004-08-20 |
| TW289063B (en) | 1996-10-21 |
| CN1132484A (en) | 1996-10-02 |
| BR9407559A (en) | 1996-12-31 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20100823 |