CA2169052A1 - Process and tool for rotating connecting elements, and connecting element used therewith - Google Patents
Process and tool for rotating connecting elements, and connecting element used therewithInfo
- Publication number
- CA2169052A1 CA2169052A1 CA002169052A CA2169052A CA2169052A1 CA 2169052 A1 CA2169052 A1 CA 2169052A1 CA 002169052 A CA002169052 A CA 002169052A CA 2169052 A CA2169052 A CA 2169052A CA 2169052 A1 CA2169052 A1 CA 2169052A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tool
- connecting element
- elements
- screw
- set forth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
- B25B23/02—Arrangements for handling screws or nuts
- B25B23/08—Arrangements for handling screws or nuts for holding or positioning screw or nut prior to or during its rotation
- B25B23/10—Arrangements for handling screws or nuts for holding or positioning screw or nut prior to or during its rotation using mechanical gripping means
- B25B23/105—Arrangements for handling screws or nuts for holding or positioning screw or nut prior to or during its rotation using mechanical gripping means the gripping device being an integral part of the driving bit
- B25B23/108—Arrangements for handling screws or nuts for holding or positioning screw or nut prior to or during its rotation using mechanical gripping means the gripping device being an integral part of the driving bit the driving bit being a Philips type bit, an Allen type bit or a socket
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
- B25B23/02—Arrangements for handling screws or nuts
- B25B23/08—Arrangements for handling screws or nuts for holding or positioning screw or nut prior to or during its rotation
- B25B23/10—Arrangements for handling screws or nuts for holding or positioning screw or nut prior to or during its rotation using mechanical gripping means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
- B25B23/02—Arrangements for handling screws or nuts
- B25B23/08—Arrangements for handling screws or nuts for holding or positioning screw or nut prior to or during its rotation
- B25B23/10—Arrangements for handling screws or nuts for holding or positioning screw or nut prior to or during its rotation using mechanical gripping means
- B25B23/105—Arrangements for handling screws or nuts for holding or positioning screw or nut prior to or during its rotation using mechanical gripping means the gripping device being an integral part of the driving bit
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B23/00—Specially shaped nuts or heads of bolts or screws for rotations by a tool
- F16B23/0061—Specially shaped nuts or heads of bolts or screws for rotations by a tool with grooves, notches or splines on the external peripheral surface designed for tools engaging in radial direction
Abstract
A tool (1) for rotary rotary connecting elements (10, 17, 21) with a round or polygonal head, such as polygonal screws, nuts or round stud bolts, has a head (2) that may be set on or around the rotary connecting element and that is provided with an inner recess (4) for receiving the connecting element. An element (11, 12) movable transversely to the centre line of the inner recess with a pointed front face in the direction of the inner recess may be inserted or is arranged in at least one hole (5, 6) that extends substantially transversely to the centre line of the inner recess. Preferably two diametrically opposed holes (5, 6) with respect to the centre line of the inner recess are provided. An element with pointed front face may be inserted or is arranged in each of the holes. By tightening the pointed movable elements against the connecting element to be loosened, a highly-stressable is obtained, so that even round and/or tightly stuck screws, studs, nuts and the like may be reliably loosened.
Description
2l6~n~2 Description Tool for rotating rotatable connecting elements, method of rotating and in part;c~ r loos~n;ng rotatable connecting elements, and a rotatable connecting element The invention concerns a tool for rotating rotatable connecting elements, a method of rotating and in part;clll~r loosening rotatable connecting elements, and a rotatable connecting element. The tool has a head portion which can be fitted on to the connecting element, with an internal opening for receiving the head of the connecting element.
Those tools include all hand-operated or ~h;ne-driven socket wrenches, for example box wrenches, spark plug wrenches, wheel nut wrenches or machine-operated power socket wrenches. Torque wrenches, starter block wrenches and insert rings for fre~ ~l ratchets and all kinds of open-ended or jaw-type wrenches and ring spanners, for example divided ring spanners (also referred to as brake line spanners or wrenches) are included among the tools which are within the scope of the present invention. In general the invention can be used in relation to any tool which is suitable for rotating rotatable and in particular screwable connecting elements, in particular polygonal screw members, nuts or round connecting elements such as screw bolts or studs, and has a head ~ortion which can be fitted on to the head of the connecting element and which has a suitably profiled internal oppn;ng. In that connection the tools may also be of a multi-part construction and for example ;ncll~e the socket wrench inserts as well as the associated drives, ratchets, jointed handles and the like.
In general the internal op~n;ng in the head portion of the tool is of such a configuration that it is suited to the generally standardised external contour of the screw which is to be loosened or screwed fast. For example, in the case of socket wrench inserts (also referred to as socket tools) when designed for c~l~lleLcially av~ hl e hex~n~l screws, it has sixortwelve inside wall surfaces which extend in a straight line, in which case the screw to be screwed bears with the _ 2 edges of its screw head in the angle regions of the internal opening.
When the tool is operated the turning force is thus ~pl;e~ to the screw by way of the outer edge regions of the screw head. The same also ~pl;~s in the case of ring spanners or wrenches whose internal opening passes completely through the head portion, and also for open-end wrenches which generally have two jaws with surfaces which extend parallel, wherein, in those types of wrench, the internal op~n;ng both extends through the entire head portion and is also laterally open on one side.
By virtue of the turning force being transmitted in that way primarily by way of the edge regions of the screw heads, part;c~ rly when dealing with older screwswhich have a certain material softening or fatigue effect, but also in the case of screws which are very tightly fixed, there is the problem that the force to be ~pl;P~ may exceed the strength of the edge regions so that the edges are increasingly rounded off. That ro-n~;ng-off effect of the edges may be to such an extent that the screw head generally becomes so greatly rounded that it can no longer be displaced by the c~,.,~Lcially av~ hle socket, open-end or ring wrench. It is then necessary to carry out special working operations involving shearing off the screw head or the like in order still to be able to slacken the screw. In that case however the screw is generally desLL~yed and there is also the serious risk of damaging the material which is clamped by the screw. In this case also the screwthread can be removed from the screw hole, only with considerable difficulties.
Those tools are also totally unsuitable for loosening round connecting elements such as for example screw bolts or studs.
The object of the present invention is to provide a tool for rotating rotatable connecting elements, which is distinguished by affording improved utiIity value.
That object is attained by the features recited in claim 1.
Advantageous configurations of the invention are recited in the append~nt claims.
- 216~052 The invention also provides advantageous effective methods of reliably rotating and in part;clll~r loosening connecting elements with r~und or polygonal or corrugated heads, as well as a connecting element of a novel configuration which is ~spec;~lly effective in conjunction with the tool according to the invention.
The tool according to the invention thus has at least one and preferably at least two elements which is or are movable substantially transversely to the center line of the internal opening and provided with a pointed front surface. When the screw tool is used for loosening a rotatable and preferably screwable connecting element, for example a polygonal screw Il~lLel, the above-mentioned elements come into close contact with the screw head so that the force is also transmitted between the screw tool and the screw head by way of those additional elements. That provides additional locations at which forces are ~rpl;e~ so that the mutual bracing effect between the screw tool and the screw head of the polygonal screw Il~lLe~ is improved. In part;~ll~r the fr~nt tip, which -tapers to a point, of the movable elements, ensures that - when just a relatively small amount of force is ~rpl;e~
to the elements during the forward feed movement thereof - the movable elements can dig into the material of the connecting element in an at least partially punctiform manner with a pressure in relation to surface area, which is very high as it acts in a punctiform manner, so that, hetween the movable elements and the connecting element, this configuration provides for a wedging action or a tooth-engagement action in terms of the material used, which can be achieved with the ~pl;~tion of a small amount of force and which is nonetheless highly effective, and that permits r~ hle loosening even of connecting elements such as screw bolts which are firmly held in position and/or which are completely round. In comparison, when using movable elements with a flat front end surface, in pr;nc;ple it would not be possible to achieve a material wedging action or tooth-~ng~ ent action as referred to ah-ove.
` ; 21~!~052 ._ If the enyay~~ t between the tips of the movable elements and the screw head is at a location which is displaced relative to an axially extending screw head edge, the points of engagement are on a circle of ~m~ r radius than the normal force-LL~,~,~tting point of engagement between the inside surfaces of the screw tool and the screw head so that the risk of shearing off the screw head edges is cnn~ rably reduced or screw heads which have already been rounded off can still be loosened or tightened, with sufficient force.
Preferably there are two holes, in each of which there is disposed a movable element with a tip at its front end, which holes are disposed in mutually diametrally opposite relationship with respect to the center line of the opening. By virtue of that arrangement the r~und or polygonal head of the connecting element can be s~""~Llically Cl~Tpe~ by the two movable elements so that the turning forces ~pl;e~
also act s~""~eLLically on the screw head and thus apply an optimum turning force thereto. Upon tightening of the movable elements, that is to say preferably the grub screws, the tips of the movable elements penetrate with their conical tip configuration into the material of the screw head so that this arrangement provides not only a force-locking connection but also a positively locking connection which permits very high turning forces to be transmitted to the screw head.
There is also the advant~geoll~ effect of an autcmatic counteracting or locking action without additional means. More specifically, when the two pointed elements which are in the form in part;~-l~r of grub screws are tightened and thus press in punctiform contact firmly against the screw head or penetrate slightly into same, the tWD pointed elements each act as a locking means for the oppositely po~e~ grub screw and press it against its own screwthread pitches so greatly that - without the need for additional locking means - even only slight rearward displacement of the grub screws when loosening the screw ~ember is also reliably avoided. That means that the grub screws automatically lock each other in position and permit the tr~n~m;~s;n~
of a high level of turning force.
2169!~52 _ 5 In addition, by virtue of the resulting effect of the connecting element being clamped between the oppositely disposed tips of the movable elements, it is poss-hl~ to prevent the connecting element being pressed against the side surface of the op~n;ng in the tool. In that case the transmission of turning force is produced exclusively by way of the tips of the movable elements so that for example it is poss'hle to avoid the risk of damage to or further rounding-off of the side edges of the polygonal head of the connecting element.
m us, the tool according to the invention reduces the risk of damage or deformation when tightening or loosening even softer, older or firmly fixed screw members, and the tool can also reliably deal with screw heads which are already deformed. The tool however is also highly suitable for screwing on or screwing in elements, for ~XAmple screw bolts, which are completely round from the point of view of their design. It will be appreciated that nuts or the like can also be loosened or tightened by the tool according to the invention. The tool according to the invention is also suitable for screwing on or screwing in screw members with heads having a round or corrugated outside periphery such as for ~x~~ le screws with a h~x~nal recess therein, with straight or corrugated inside surfaces (In~bus~-screws, Tor ~-screws) or Tor ~-screws with a head having a corrugated outside periphery.
In a preferred e~ho~-mPnt the holes which acc~mn~te the elements are not only in the form of blind holes which are accessible from the inside but they are in the form of holes which extend entirely through the head portion so that the elements which are disposed in the holes can also be actuated and possibly introduced from the outside.
That makes it easier to handle the tool according to the invention as now for ~x~n~le the tool can firstly be fitted to the connecting element, for example the screw head, in the usual way, and thereafter the movable elements are brought into eng~g~mPnt with the screw head by being actuated from the exterior. A11 holes and thus all movable elemen~s are preferably disposed in a single plane which extends at a 216~052 right angle to the center line of the opening so that the axial length of the tool can be kept small.
The movable elements may be of any configuration. In a preferred ~hoAim~nt however they involve screw pins or grub screws or set screws, in which case the thr~ugh holes receiving the grub screws have a corr~pnnAing internal screwthread. In that case, when they are not in use, the grub screws are reliably held in the through hole and in addition can be easily replaced in the event that they suffer from wear or if necess~ry they can also be r~pl~ceA by a different grub screw with a grub screw tip of a different profile. When the grub screw is tightened after the tool has been fitted on to the screw head, it can come into direct ~n~g~ment with the screw head and can apply con~iA~rable forces thereto when the tool is turned, as the grub screw is reliably prevented from moving back, by virtue of its screwthread ~n~T~nt.
Preferably the material of the movable elements affords a higher level of tensile strength than the connecting elements to be loosened so that the turning force can be transmitted by way of the elements, without the risk of AAm~g;ng them.
In an alternative configuration it is also possihle to arrange between the tip of the movable element, in particular the grub screw, and the head of the screw member, a movable element disposed in the interior of the head portion of the tool, for exdll~le a ball or preferably a cone which is moved or biased forwardly in a direction towards the screw head by the screw or another element which can preferably be fixed in its respective position, and, when not in use (or before the tool is fitted on to the screw head) can be moved back into a retracted position in which it does not project into the internal opening in the head portion of the tool. Alternatively, a movable element for example in the form of a leaf spring which is clamped at one end in the head portion, with a laterally projecting tip or edge, may be provided between the grub screw or the adjusting 2l6sn~2 element which is of some other configuration, and the head of the connecting element. In that case the leaf spring is so positioned in its normal position that it terminates flush with the inside wall of the internal opening in the tool. After the tool is fitted for ~x~mple on to the screw member to be operated, the leaf spring can then be biased towards the screw head by the adjusting element which is disposed in the head portion, and in that case comes into firm ~ng~g~nent with the screw head so as to prcduce a bracing action between the head portion of the tool and the screw head, which permits a better tr~n~m;~sion of force than hitherto.
When using such an intermediate element, the center line of the through hole does not necessary have to coinc;~e with the position in respect of height of a screw head which is introduced into the screw tool but, with respect to the front surface of the tool which is towards the screw, the center line of the through hole may be set back further rearwardly than the screw head extends inwardly.
In a preferred em~cdiment however the spacing between the center line of the holes and the front surface of the head portion (the front surface forms the insertion opPnlng for the screw head) is Rm~ r than the axial thickness of the screw head of the screw which is to be actuated by the tool. That provides that the movable element acts directly axially on the screw head and it is thus poss;hle to achieve optimum bracing thereto.
The holes are preferably so oriented that they intersect at a right angle a flat inside wall surface of the internal opening of the head portion. That means that the movable element moves at a right angle towards the connecting element, for PX~rle the screw bolt or the screw head, and can come effectively into engagement therewith. In that respect it is preferred that the holes extend exactly at a right angle to the center line of the internal opening in the head portion. That arrangement ensures that the exit point of the holes lies directly on a line bisecting a straight surface of the screw head to be actuated, and 2169n52 thus acts at a point on a circle with the smallest radius on the outside of the screw head. When the screw tool is turned therefore the tips of the movable elements effectively wedge th~m~lves in the material of the screw head so that it is reliably possible and without a major risk of damage to turn even rounded, round-h~A~e~, older and/or very firmly fixed screw members.
As an alternative however it is also poss;hl e for the holes to extend at a certain angle relative to the radius line of the head portion so that the movable element acts inclinedly on the head of the connecting element. That makes it possible to provide a preferential direction in regard to the L~ ,~ssion of force, for ~.XAmrl e such that, in a slackening operation, the movable element is brought into firmer engagement with the surface of the screw head than in a screw-tightening operation. In that case the holes are arranged ;ncl;ne~ly in the head portion in such a way that, as viewed in the direction of the movement of the head portion when loosening the screw member, the holes are at a greater spacing relative to the radius line of the head portion, at a radially further inwardly disposed position, than at a radially further outwardly disposed position.
The number of holes in the head portion and thus also the movable elements in the holes can be suitably selected. For ~XAmpl e, when ~eAl ;ng with relatively large screw heads, in addition to the two diametral holes, it is possible to provide further holes having movable elements, for e-x-ample one for each screw head side surface. For ~XAmrl e, there may be four holes with movable elements at angular spAc;n~ of 90 in each case. It is also poss;hl~ to provide for ~xAmple three holes having movable elements which are disposed therein or which are to be arranged therein, at equal mutual angular spacings of 120.
The invention can be used with all kinds of screw tools for actuating round or polygonal connecting elements, for ~xAm~le polygonal screw members, for example in the case of inserts for socket wrenches -or in the case of the socket wrenches themselves, in parti~ll~r for box wrenches, spark plug wrenches, wheel nut wrenches or n~çh;ne-operated power wrenches. The tool may also be an insert ring for freewh~l ratchets or a socket tool or a socket wrench insert. In general terms, any hand-operated or m~hine-driven screw tool falls to be con~ red as the tool according to the invention, for example incll~ing open-end wrenches (jaw-type wrenches) or divided or undivided ring wrenches or sp~nn~rs. Obviously - or even exclusively - the screw tool according to the invention can also be used for slackening and/or tightening nuts, screw pins or the like.
The configuration of the internal opening in the head portion may be of a round or polygonal cross-section and has for ~x~mrle three, four, six or twelve rectil;neArly ext~ing inside wall surfaces which intersect each other at an angle, wherein the number of inside wall surfaces can be adapted to the respective number of rectilin~rly extending outside surfaces on the screw member to be actuated or can be a multiple thereof, in most cases double same.
The tool according to the invention is distinguished by universal utility. For example, it permits use both in connection with metric and also inch size systems. By screwing in the movable elements fram different and in particular oppositely disposed sides, into the tool, until they came into ~ng~TPnt with the connecting element to be turned by the tool, the difference in size between connecting elements in accordance with the metric system and the inch system can be campletely campensated. Therefore the user now no longer h-as to provide separate specific tool sets for metric and inch systems, but with a single tool, can deal with a respective multiple of different connecting elements of different sizes or with different head shapes (round, polygonal or corrugated cross-section).
Furthermore, by virtue of the tips of the movable elements engaging with the connecting element to be operated on, the tool affords a much better grip on the connecting element so that the risk ~l6sns2 of the tool lm~P~;rably sli~p;ng off the connecting element is s;~n;f;cAntly reduced. That also s;gn;f;~Antly reduces the risk of injury to the user.
The movable elements which are preferably in the form of grub screws are preferably of a screwthread diameter of from about 3 to 4 mm. In the case of larger tools however it is of course also poss;hle to use larger grub screws.
In accordance with the invention it is also possible for the movable elements to be screwed into the tool to different extents, so that the axis of the screw connecting element is displaced relative to the center line of the tool opening. When the tool is rotated, it UleLefore acts eccenLLically on the connecting element. It has been found that, in that way, the forces which are transmitted by way of the tips of the elements permit even more effective loosening of even very firmly fixed screws, presumably by virtue of material being displaced and piled up in front of the tips to diLLel~n~ degrees, in an initial slight rotation of the tool relative to the connecting element.
If there should be little or no space for actuating the movable elements at the location of use of the tool, it is also possible in accordance with the invention that, before the tool is fitted on to the connecting element to be loosened, the movable elements are screwed in to such an extent that the mutual spacing between their tips is ~TAll~r than the thickness of the head of the connecting element in that region. Thereupon the tool can then be knocked on to the connecting element, in which case the tips of the elements dig in a ~hAnnPl form thr~ugh the peripheral surface of the connecting element. When the screw tool is then turned, additional material poss; hl y builds up in front of the tips of the elements and the tips of the elements which have dug into the material entrain the connecting element so that the latter is loosened.
The invention also provides a novel connecting element which has at least one opening or hole into which the tip of the movable element can pass when the tool is fitted. That makes it possible to provide a 2l6sn~2 ll force-locking and positive-locking connection which can carry a high lQ~;ng and which permits even very firmly fixed connecting elements to be 1 o~s~n~d or which permits such connecting elements to be firmly tightened, without the grub screws having to be dug deeply into the material of the connecting element.
The invention is described in greater detail hereinafter by means of a preferred ~mhQ~;mPnt with reference to the drawings in which:
Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the tool according to the invention in the form of a socket wrench insert, Figure 2 is a side view of the tool illus~ldLed in Figure 1, with the plane of viewing turned through 90, Figure 3 shows a front view of the ~mhc~;m~nt illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, Figure 4 is a sectional view of the tool illustrated in Figure 1 in section along section plane A-B illustrated in Figure 1, Figure 5 shows an ~mhQ~;m~nt of the tool according to the invention in the form of a ring and/or open-end wrench, Figure 6 shows a partly broken-away view of the tool illustrated in Figure 5, Figures 7 and 8 show a mcdified ~m~o~ nt of the tool shown in Figures 1 through 4 with a connecting element in the form of a screw bolt, and Figures 9 and 10 show an embodiment of a connecting element according to the invention.
The e~bo~;~ent of the tool according to the invention, as shown in Figures 1 through 4, is in the form of a socket wrench insert 1 having a head portion 2 and a drive portion 3. The head portion 2 is provided with an internal opening 4 which, as can best be seen frcm Figure 3, is in the shape of a h~xa~nn as viewed in cross-section. The drive portion 3 in turn has a square opening 7 for ~n~ag~Tent with a drive element (not shown), for ~x~mple a ratchet, a winch unit or an extension. A transversely ext~n~;ng through bore 8 may be provided in 2l6sns2 the drive portion 3, which however does not possPss any function in regard to rotational actuation of the socket wrench insert, but is only intended to prevent the socket wrench from being axially pulled out of the opPn;ng 7.
In accordance with the invention the socket wrench insert is provided with two transversely extending through holes 5, 6 which have an internal screwthread. As can be seen from Figure 3 the two through holes 5, 6 are disposed in mutually diametrally opposite relationship and extend at a right angle to the rect;l;nPAr inside wall surfaces of the opening 4, their center line lying directly in the line bisecting the rectilinear inside wall surfaces.
It will be seen from Figure 4 that the spacing between the front surface of the socket wrench insert 1, by way of which a screw head 10 of a screw "~,~el 9 is guided into the internal opPn;ng 4, and the center line of the through holes 5, 6, is smaller than the axial thickness of the screw head 10. The through holes 5, 6 thus open directly on to the recti-linear outside edges of the screw head 10.
As shown in Figure 4, screwed into each of the through holes 5, 6 are respective screw pins 11, 12 which are preferably in the form of grub or set screws with front surfaces which taper to a point, with the pointed tips of the grub screws lying concentrically on the center line of the grub screws. Those preferably hardened grub screws thus press with their pointed front surfaces centrally on to the outside surfaces of the screw head 10 which has been introduced into the internal opening 4. Preferably in that respect the screw pins 11, 12 are screwed slightly outwardly by means of a screwdriver or the like, before the screw head 10 is introduced into the opening 4, so that the insertion opP~in~ is fully open and the screw head 10 can be introduced into the internal opening 4 virtually without applying a force thereto. The screw pins 11, 12 are then turned in such a way that they move inwardly, more specifically to such an extent that their tip surfaces bear directly against the outside surfaces of the screw head or press - ` 21690S2 -into same in punctiform f~h;on or by virtue of their conical tip configuration. When the socket wrench insert 1 is then turned therefore the turning force is transmitted to the screw head 10 not only by way of the corner regions of the screw head and the internal opening 4, but in particular also by way of the screw pins 11, 12, so that this pr~vides an exLL~l~ly effective, force-locking connection. In that way even screw members which are a very tight fit and which for ~X~T~le have rusted in position, or screw members which are already r~unded off, can be slackened (for example by striking the tool), without a special tool being required. Also, when tightening a screw member, coL~ n~;ngly increased screw forces can be ~L~I~tted to the screw m~mber from the socket wrench without the risk of damage thereby.
In ~hc~i~ents which are not shown herein the tool may also be formed by an insert ring for freewh~l ratchets, wherein the holes and the movable elements disposed therein preferably pass not only through the insert ring but also through the ext~rn~lly embracing ratchet ring so that the movable ele~ents can be actuated from the exterior. Open-end wrenches and ring wrenches or spanners may also be provided with the through holes according to the invention and movable elements which are acc~,~ ated therein, in part;~ll~r in the form of screw bodies, wherein the relative arrangement between the thr~ugh holes and the screw bcdies on the one hand and the head of the screw member to be actuated on the other hand is preferably of the configuration shown in Figure 4. It will be appreciated that in such a case the portions shown in Figure 4 to the right of the end face of the screw head are omitted.
Figures 5 and 6 show an ~m~c~;~ent of the tool according to the invention in the form of a wrench 13 which at its upper end is in the form of a ring wrench and at its lower end in the form of an open-ended wrench, However the wrench 13 may also be formed at both ends either only as a ring wrench or only as an open-ended wrench, with different wrench sizes.
21690~2 -At its upper end the wrench 13 has an opening 14 in the form of a ring, with twelve sides therein, which is designed to receive a polygonal screw head of CO1L~L~OI~ ing size, but which can also be pushed on to the head of a round connecting element. Provided in the outside ring which surrounds the opening 14 are two through bores 5, 6 for receiving movable elements in the form of grub or set screws 11, 12 which extend at a right angle to the center line of the opening 14 and which intersect the twelve-sided configuration of the opening in the region of a projecting inside edge.
As can be seen fL~I the Figures, the grub screws 11, 12 which are ~LeLeL~bly made from hardened material are provided with front surfaces which centrally converge to a point, and at their rearward ends they have a recess with an internal h~xa~Qn. An I~bus wrench 15 (for ~ng~g;ng into a hexagonal recess)is used for actuating the grub screws.
Alternatively however the grub screw may also be provided with a turning slot or the like, at its rear end.
At the lower end of the wrench 13 the opening 16 is of a jaw-like configuration provided by two parallel jaws, wherein the holes 5, 6 extend in mutually directly oppositely ~;~pos~ relat;~h;p at a right angle to the inside jaw surfaces and issue substantially centrally fm m the internal jaw surfaces.
Figure 5 shows the grub screws 11, 12 in the condition in which they have not yet been screwed into the wrench, while in the partly broken-away view shown in Figure 6 the grub screws 11, 12 are screwed into the holes 5, 6 in the tool 13.
As can be seen fm m all views, the grub screws 11, 12 are preferably longer than the holes 5, 6 so that, even in the fully screwed-in condition, they still project on the outside and are thus r~A~ily accessible. It will be appreciated however that they can also be shorter.
Figures 7 and 8 show a further embodiment of the tool in the form of a socket wrench unit (socket wrench insert) 1' which, with the exception of the round cross-section of the internal opening 4', is _ 15 completely identical to the embcdiment shown in Figures 1 through 4.
The round cross-section of the opening can best be seen frcm the left-hand front view in Figure 8. The socket wrench insert 1' is ~R; ~ne~
for actuating a round screw connecting element in the form for ~xA~rle of a screw bolt 17, but it also makes it poss;hle to turn polygonal screw heads, nuts and the like, which are introduced into the opening 4'.
The screw bolt 17 is of the usual round configuration with an ext~r~lly screwthredded portion 18 and a round head portion 19 in which there is provided an actuating portion 20 for ~x~rle in the form of an internal hexagon. In the normal case, for unscrewing or screwing up the screw bolt 17, the head portion 19 thereof is introduced into the opening 4' and then the grub screws 11, 12 are screwed in to such an extent that their tips dig into the surface of the head portion, whereafter the tool 1' is turned by way of an exten~;on lever and/or ratchet lever or the like.
Figures 9 and 10 show two different side views of an ~mho~;ment of the rotatable or screwable connecting element according to the invention, in the form of a screw bolt 21. In the same manner as the screw bolt 17 shown in Figure 7, the screw bolt 21 is of a round configuration with an externally screwthreaded portion 22 and a round head portion 23 in which there is provided an actuating portion 24, for ~x~nple in the form of an internal ~x~on.
In addition the screw bolt 21 has two diametrally oppositely disposed conical openings 25. The tips of the grub screws 11, 12 can engage into the openings 25 in use of the tool according to the invention, thereby pro~uc;~g a rotational connection which can carry a high loading and which at the same time also prevents the connecting element fL~Il unintent;on~lly f~ll;ng out of the tool. The number and position of the openings 25 preferably depend on the number and position of the movable elements in the tool. Instead of the c~n;c~ openings 25 it is also poss;hle to provide op~ning~ of another configuration, for Px~rrle through holes.
2l6~ns2 -The connecting element according to the invention can also be ~;gn~d as a screw member, stud with a substantially cont;nuoll~
external screwthread, nut or the like, with op~n; n~ 25 which are arranged in the outside periphery of the head and which are of a 5 c~n;c~l or other configuration.
Those tools include all hand-operated or ~h;ne-driven socket wrenches, for example box wrenches, spark plug wrenches, wheel nut wrenches or machine-operated power socket wrenches. Torque wrenches, starter block wrenches and insert rings for fre~ ~l ratchets and all kinds of open-ended or jaw-type wrenches and ring spanners, for example divided ring spanners (also referred to as brake line spanners or wrenches) are included among the tools which are within the scope of the present invention. In general the invention can be used in relation to any tool which is suitable for rotating rotatable and in particular screwable connecting elements, in particular polygonal screw members, nuts or round connecting elements such as screw bolts or studs, and has a head ~ortion which can be fitted on to the head of the connecting element and which has a suitably profiled internal oppn;ng. In that connection the tools may also be of a multi-part construction and for example ;ncll~e the socket wrench inserts as well as the associated drives, ratchets, jointed handles and the like.
In general the internal op~n;ng in the head portion of the tool is of such a configuration that it is suited to the generally standardised external contour of the screw which is to be loosened or screwed fast. For example, in the case of socket wrench inserts (also referred to as socket tools) when designed for c~l~lleLcially av~ hl e hex~n~l screws, it has sixortwelve inside wall surfaces which extend in a straight line, in which case the screw to be screwed bears with the _ 2 edges of its screw head in the angle regions of the internal opening.
When the tool is operated the turning force is thus ~pl;e~ to the screw by way of the outer edge regions of the screw head. The same also ~pl;~s in the case of ring spanners or wrenches whose internal opening passes completely through the head portion, and also for open-end wrenches which generally have two jaws with surfaces which extend parallel, wherein, in those types of wrench, the internal op~n;ng both extends through the entire head portion and is also laterally open on one side.
By virtue of the turning force being transmitted in that way primarily by way of the edge regions of the screw heads, part;c~ rly when dealing with older screwswhich have a certain material softening or fatigue effect, but also in the case of screws which are very tightly fixed, there is the problem that the force to be ~pl;P~ may exceed the strength of the edge regions so that the edges are increasingly rounded off. That ro-n~;ng-off effect of the edges may be to such an extent that the screw head generally becomes so greatly rounded that it can no longer be displaced by the c~,.,~Lcially av~ hle socket, open-end or ring wrench. It is then necessary to carry out special working operations involving shearing off the screw head or the like in order still to be able to slacken the screw. In that case however the screw is generally desLL~yed and there is also the serious risk of damaging the material which is clamped by the screw. In this case also the screwthread can be removed from the screw hole, only with considerable difficulties.
Those tools are also totally unsuitable for loosening round connecting elements such as for example screw bolts or studs.
The object of the present invention is to provide a tool for rotating rotatable connecting elements, which is distinguished by affording improved utiIity value.
That object is attained by the features recited in claim 1.
Advantageous configurations of the invention are recited in the append~nt claims.
- 216~052 The invention also provides advantageous effective methods of reliably rotating and in part;clll~r loosening connecting elements with r~und or polygonal or corrugated heads, as well as a connecting element of a novel configuration which is ~spec;~lly effective in conjunction with the tool according to the invention.
The tool according to the invention thus has at least one and preferably at least two elements which is or are movable substantially transversely to the center line of the internal opening and provided with a pointed front surface. When the screw tool is used for loosening a rotatable and preferably screwable connecting element, for example a polygonal screw Il~lLel, the above-mentioned elements come into close contact with the screw head so that the force is also transmitted between the screw tool and the screw head by way of those additional elements. That provides additional locations at which forces are ~rpl;e~ so that the mutual bracing effect between the screw tool and the screw head of the polygonal screw Il~lLe~ is improved. In part;~ll~r the fr~nt tip, which -tapers to a point, of the movable elements, ensures that - when just a relatively small amount of force is ~rpl;e~
to the elements during the forward feed movement thereof - the movable elements can dig into the material of the connecting element in an at least partially punctiform manner with a pressure in relation to surface area, which is very high as it acts in a punctiform manner, so that, hetween the movable elements and the connecting element, this configuration provides for a wedging action or a tooth-engagement action in terms of the material used, which can be achieved with the ~pl;~tion of a small amount of force and which is nonetheless highly effective, and that permits r~ hle loosening even of connecting elements such as screw bolts which are firmly held in position and/or which are completely round. In comparison, when using movable elements with a flat front end surface, in pr;nc;ple it would not be possible to achieve a material wedging action or tooth-~ng~ ent action as referred to ah-ove.
` ; 21~!~052 ._ If the enyay~~ t between the tips of the movable elements and the screw head is at a location which is displaced relative to an axially extending screw head edge, the points of engagement are on a circle of ~m~ r radius than the normal force-LL~,~,~tting point of engagement between the inside surfaces of the screw tool and the screw head so that the risk of shearing off the screw head edges is cnn~ rably reduced or screw heads which have already been rounded off can still be loosened or tightened, with sufficient force.
Preferably there are two holes, in each of which there is disposed a movable element with a tip at its front end, which holes are disposed in mutually diametrally opposite relationship with respect to the center line of the opening. By virtue of that arrangement the r~und or polygonal head of the connecting element can be s~""~Llically Cl~Tpe~ by the two movable elements so that the turning forces ~pl;e~
also act s~""~eLLically on the screw head and thus apply an optimum turning force thereto. Upon tightening of the movable elements, that is to say preferably the grub screws, the tips of the movable elements penetrate with their conical tip configuration into the material of the screw head so that this arrangement provides not only a force-locking connection but also a positively locking connection which permits very high turning forces to be transmitted to the screw head.
There is also the advant~geoll~ effect of an autcmatic counteracting or locking action without additional means. More specifically, when the two pointed elements which are in the form in part;~-l~r of grub screws are tightened and thus press in punctiform contact firmly against the screw head or penetrate slightly into same, the tWD pointed elements each act as a locking means for the oppositely po~e~ grub screw and press it against its own screwthread pitches so greatly that - without the need for additional locking means - even only slight rearward displacement of the grub screws when loosening the screw ~ember is also reliably avoided. That means that the grub screws automatically lock each other in position and permit the tr~n~m;~s;n~
of a high level of turning force.
2169!~52 _ 5 In addition, by virtue of the resulting effect of the connecting element being clamped between the oppositely disposed tips of the movable elements, it is poss-hl~ to prevent the connecting element being pressed against the side surface of the op~n;ng in the tool. In that case the transmission of turning force is produced exclusively by way of the tips of the movable elements so that for example it is poss'hle to avoid the risk of damage to or further rounding-off of the side edges of the polygonal head of the connecting element.
m us, the tool according to the invention reduces the risk of damage or deformation when tightening or loosening even softer, older or firmly fixed screw members, and the tool can also reliably deal with screw heads which are already deformed. The tool however is also highly suitable for screwing on or screwing in elements, for ~XAmple screw bolts, which are completely round from the point of view of their design. It will be appreciated that nuts or the like can also be loosened or tightened by the tool according to the invention. The tool according to the invention is also suitable for screwing on or screwing in screw members with heads having a round or corrugated outside periphery such as for ~x~~ le screws with a h~x~nal recess therein, with straight or corrugated inside surfaces (In~bus~-screws, Tor ~-screws) or Tor ~-screws with a head having a corrugated outside periphery.
In a preferred e~ho~-mPnt the holes which acc~mn~te the elements are not only in the form of blind holes which are accessible from the inside but they are in the form of holes which extend entirely through the head portion so that the elements which are disposed in the holes can also be actuated and possibly introduced from the outside.
That makes it easier to handle the tool according to the invention as now for ~x~n~le the tool can firstly be fitted to the connecting element, for example the screw head, in the usual way, and thereafter the movable elements are brought into eng~g~mPnt with the screw head by being actuated from the exterior. A11 holes and thus all movable elemen~s are preferably disposed in a single plane which extends at a 216~052 right angle to the center line of the opening so that the axial length of the tool can be kept small.
The movable elements may be of any configuration. In a preferred ~hoAim~nt however they involve screw pins or grub screws or set screws, in which case the thr~ugh holes receiving the grub screws have a corr~pnnAing internal screwthread. In that case, when they are not in use, the grub screws are reliably held in the through hole and in addition can be easily replaced in the event that they suffer from wear or if necess~ry they can also be r~pl~ceA by a different grub screw with a grub screw tip of a different profile. When the grub screw is tightened after the tool has been fitted on to the screw head, it can come into direct ~n~g~ment with the screw head and can apply con~iA~rable forces thereto when the tool is turned, as the grub screw is reliably prevented from moving back, by virtue of its screwthread ~n~T~nt.
Preferably the material of the movable elements affords a higher level of tensile strength than the connecting elements to be loosened so that the turning force can be transmitted by way of the elements, without the risk of AAm~g;ng them.
In an alternative configuration it is also possihle to arrange between the tip of the movable element, in particular the grub screw, and the head of the screw member, a movable element disposed in the interior of the head portion of the tool, for exdll~le a ball or preferably a cone which is moved or biased forwardly in a direction towards the screw head by the screw or another element which can preferably be fixed in its respective position, and, when not in use (or before the tool is fitted on to the screw head) can be moved back into a retracted position in which it does not project into the internal opening in the head portion of the tool. Alternatively, a movable element for example in the form of a leaf spring which is clamped at one end in the head portion, with a laterally projecting tip or edge, may be provided between the grub screw or the adjusting 2l6sn~2 element which is of some other configuration, and the head of the connecting element. In that case the leaf spring is so positioned in its normal position that it terminates flush with the inside wall of the internal opening in the tool. After the tool is fitted for ~x~mple on to the screw member to be operated, the leaf spring can then be biased towards the screw head by the adjusting element which is disposed in the head portion, and in that case comes into firm ~ng~g~nent with the screw head so as to prcduce a bracing action between the head portion of the tool and the screw head, which permits a better tr~n~m;~sion of force than hitherto.
When using such an intermediate element, the center line of the through hole does not necessary have to coinc;~e with the position in respect of height of a screw head which is introduced into the screw tool but, with respect to the front surface of the tool which is towards the screw, the center line of the through hole may be set back further rearwardly than the screw head extends inwardly.
In a preferred em~cdiment however the spacing between the center line of the holes and the front surface of the head portion (the front surface forms the insertion opPnlng for the screw head) is Rm~ r than the axial thickness of the screw head of the screw which is to be actuated by the tool. That provides that the movable element acts directly axially on the screw head and it is thus poss;hle to achieve optimum bracing thereto.
The holes are preferably so oriented that they intersect at a right angle a flat inside wall surface of the internal opening of the head portion. That means that the movable element moves at a right angle towards the connecting element, for PX~rle the screw bolt or the screw head, and can come effectively into engagement therewith. In that respect it is preferred that the holes extend exactly at a right angle to the center line of the internal opening in the head portion. That arrangement ensures that the exit point of the holes lies directly on a line bisecting a straight surface of the screw head to be actuated, and 2169n52 thus acts at a point on a circle with the smallest radius on the outside of the screw head. When the screw tool is turned therefore the tips of the movable elements effectively wedge th~m~lves in the material of the screw head so that it is reliably possible and without a major risk of damage to turn even rounded, round-h~A~e~, older and/or very firmly fixed screw members.
As an alternative however it is also poss;hl e for the holes to extend at a certain angle relative to the radius line of the head portion so that the movable element acts inclinedly on the head of the connecting element. That makes it possible to provide a preferential direction in regard to the L~ ,~ssion of force, for ~.XAmrl e such that, in a slackening operation, the movable element is brought into firmer engagement with the surface of the screw head than in a screw-tightening operation. In that case the holes are arranged ;ncl;ne~ly in the head portion in such a way that, as viewed in the direction of the movement of the head portion when loosening the screw member, the holes are at a greater spacing relative to the radius line of the head portion, at a radially further inwardly disposed position, than at a radially further outwardly disposed position.
The number of holes in the head portion and thus also the movable elements in the holes can be suitably selected. For ~XAmpl e, when ~eAl ;ng with relatively large screw heads, in addition to the two diametral holes, it is possible to provide further holes having movable elements, for e-x-ample one for each screw head side surface. For ~XAmrl e, there may be four holes with movable elements at angular spAc;n~ of 90 in each case. It is also poss;hl~ to provide for ~xAmple three holes having movable elements which are disposed therein or which are to be arranged therein, at equal mutual angular spacings of 120.
The invention can be used with all kinds of screw tools for actuating round or polygonal connecting elements, for ~xAm~le polygonal screw members, for example in the case of inserts for socket wrenches -or in the case of the socket wrenches themselves, in parti~ll~r for box wrenches, spark plug wrenches, wheel nut wrenches or n~çh;ne-operated power wrenches. The tool may also be an insert ring for freewh~l ratchets or a socket tool or a socket wrench insert. In general terms, any hand-operated or m~hine-driven screw tool falls to be con~ red as the tool according to the invention, for example incll~ing open-end wrenches (jaw-type wrenches) or divided or undivided ring wrenches or sp~nn~rs. Obviously - or even exclusively - the screw tool according to the invention can also be used for slackening and/or tightening nuts, screw pins or the like.
The configuration of the internal opening in the head portion may be of a round or polygonal cross-section and has for ~x~mrle three, four, six or twelve rectil;neArly ext~ing inside wall surfaces which intersect each other at an angle, wherein the number of inside wall surfaces can be adapted to the respective number of rectilin~rly extending outside surfaces on the screw member to be actuated or can be a multiple thereof, in most cases double same.
The tool according to the invention is distinguished by universal utility. For example, it permits use both in connection with metric and also inch size systems. By screwing in the movable elements fram different and in particular oppositely disposed sides, into the tool, until they came into ~ng~TPnt with the connecting element to be turned by the tool, the difference in size between connecting elements in accordance with the metric system and the inch system can be campletely campensated. Therefore the user now no longer h-as to provide separate specific tool sets for metric and inch systems, but with a single tool, can deal with a respective multiple of different connecting elements of different sizes or with different head shapes (round, polygonal or corrugated cross-section).
Furthermore, by virtue of the tips of the movable elements engaging with the connecting element to be operated on, the tool affords a much better grip on the connecting element so that the risk ~l6sns2 of the tool lm~P~;rably sli~p;ng off the connecting element is s;~n;f;cAntly reduced. That also s;gn;f;~Antly reduces the risk of injury to the user.
The movable elements which are preferably in the form of grub screws are preferably of a screwthread diameter of from about 3 to 4 mm. In the case of larger tools however it is of course also poss;hle to use larger grub screws.
In accordance with the invention it is also possible for the movable elements to be screwed into the tool to different extents, so that the axis of the screw connecting element is displaced relative to the center line of the tool opening. When the tool is rotated, it UleLefore acts eccenLLically on the connecting element. It has been found that, in that way, the forces which are transmitted by way of the tips of the elements permit even more effective loosening of even very firmly fixed screws, presumably by virtue of material being displaced and piled up in front of the tips to diLLel~n~ degrees, in an initial slight rotation of the tool relative to the connecting element.
If there should be little or no space for actuating the movable elements at the location of use of the tool, it is also possible in accordance with the invention that, before the tool is fitted on to the connecting element to be loosened, the movable elements are screwed in to such an extent that the mutual spacing between their tips is ~TAll~r than the thickness of the head of the connecting element in that region. Thereupon the tool can then be knocked on to the connecting element, in which case the tips of the elements dig in a ~hAnnPl form thr~ugh the peripheral surface of the connecting element. When the screw tool is then turned, additional material poss; hl y builds up in front of the tips of the elements and the tips of the elements which have dug into the material entrain the connecting element so that the latter is loosened.
The invention also provides a novel connecting element which has at least one opening or hole into which the tip of the movable element can pass when the tool is fitted. That makes it possible to provide a 2l6sn~2 ll force-locking and positive-locking connection which can carry a high lQ~;ng and which permits even very firmly fixed connecting elements to be 1 o~s~n~d or which permits such connecting elements to be firmly tightened, without the grub screws having to be dug deeply into the material of the connecting element.
The invention is described in greater detail hereinafter by means of a preferred ~mhQ~;mPnt with reference to the drawings in which:
Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the tool according to the invention in the form of a socket wrench insert, Figure 2 is a side view of the tool illus~ldLed in Figure 1, with the plane of viewing turned through 90, Figure 3 shows a front view of the ~mhc~;m~nt illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, Figure 4 is a sectional view of the tool illustrated in Figure 1 in section along section plane A-B illustrated in Figure 1, Figure 5 shows an ~mhQ~;m~nt of the tool according to the invention in the form of a ring and/or open-end wrench, Figure 6 shows a partly broken-away view of the tool illustrated in Figure 5, Figures 7 and 8 show a mcdified ~m~o~ nt of the tool shown in Figures 1 through 4 with a connecting element in the form of a screw bolt, and Figures 9 and 10 show an embodiment of a connecting element according to the invention.
The e~bo~;~ent of the tool according to the invention, as shown in Figures 1 through 4, is in the form of a socket wrench insert 1 having a head portion 2 and a drive portion 3. The head portion 2 is provided with an internal opening 4 which, as can best be seen frcm Figure 3, is in the shape of a h~xa~nn as viewed in cross-section. The drive portion 3 in turn has a square opening 7 for ~n~ag~Tent with a drive element (not shown), for ~x~mple a ratchet, a winch unit or an extension. A transversely ext~n~;ng through bore 8 may be provided in 2l6sns2 the drive portion 3, which however does not possPss any function in regard to rotational actuation of the socket wrench insert, but is only intended to prevent the socket wrench from being axially pulled out of the opPn;ng 7.
In accordance with the invention the socket wrench insert is provided with two transversely extending through holes 5, 6 which have an internal screwthread. As can be seen from Figure 3 the two through holes 5, 6 are disposed in mutually diametrally opposite relationship and extend at a right angle to the rect;l;nPAr inside wall surfaces of the opening 4, their center line lying directly in the line bisecting the rectilinear inside wall surfaces.
It will be seen from Figure 4 that the spacing between the front surface of the socket wrench insert 1, by way of which a screw head 10 of a screw "~,~el 9 is guided into the internal opPn;ng 4, and the center line of the through holes 5, 6, is smaller than the axial thickness of the screw head 10. The through holes 5, 6 thus open directly on to the recti-linear outside edges of the screw head 10.
As shown in Figure 4, screwed into each of the through holes 5, 6 are respective screw pins 11, 12 which are preferably in the form of grub or set screws with front surfaces which taper to a point, with the pointed tips of the grub screws lying concentrically on the center line of the grub screws. Those preferably hardened grub screws thus press with their pointed front surfaces centrally on to the outside surfaces of the screw head 10 which has been introduced into the internal opening 4. Preferably in that respect the screw pins 11, 12 are screwed slightly outwardly by means of a screwdriver or the like, before the screw head 10 is introduced into the opening 4, so that the insertion opP~in~ is fully open and the screw head 10 can be introduced into the internal opening 4 virtually without applying a force thereto. The screw pins 11, 12 are then turned in such a way that they move inwardly, more specifically to such an extent that their tip surfaces bear directly against the outside surfaces of the screw head or press - ` 21690S2 -into same in punctiform f~h;on or by virtue of their conical tip configuration. When the socket wrench insert 1 is then turned therefore the turning force is transmitted to the screw head 10 not only by way of the corner regions of the screw head and the internal opening 4, but in particular also by way of the screw pins 11, 12, so that this pr~vides an exLL~l~ly effective, force-locking connection. In that way even screw members which are a very tight fit and which for ~X~T~le have rusted in position, or screw members which are already r~unded off, can be slackened (for example by striking the tool), without a special tool being required. Also, when tightening a screw member, coL~ n~;ngly increased screw forces can be ~L~I~tted to the screw m~mber from the socket wrench without the risk of damage thereby.
In ~hc~i~ents which are not shown herein the tool may also be formed by an insert ring for freewh~l ratchets, wherein the holes and the movable elements disposed therein preferably pass not only through the insert ring but also through the ext~rn~lly embracing ratchet ring so that the movable ele~ents can be actuated from the exterior. Open-end wrenches and ring wrenches or spanners may also be provided with the through holes according to the invention and movable elements which are acc~,~ ated therein, in part;~ll~r in the form of screw bodies, wherein the relative arrangement between the thr~ugh holes and the screw bcdies on the one hand and the head of the screw member to be actuated on the other hand is preferably of the configuration shown in Figure 4. It will be appreciated that in such a case the portions shown in Figure 4 to the right of the end face of the screw head are omitted.
Figures 5 and 6 show an ~m~c~;~ent of the tool according to the invention in the form of a wrench 13 which at its upper end is in the form of a ring wrench and at its lower end in the form of an open-ended wrench, However the wrench 13 may also be formed at both ends either only as a ring wrench or only as an open-ended wrench, with different wrench sizes.
21690~2 -At its upper end the wrench 13 has an opening 14 in the form of a ring, with twelve sides therein, which is designed to receive a polygonal screw head of CO1L~L~OI~ ing size, but which can also be pushed on to the head of a round connecting element. Provided in the outside ring which surrounds the opening 14 are two through bores 5, 6 for receiving movable elements in the form of grub or set screws 11, 12 which extend at a right angle to the center line of the opening 14 and which intersect the twelve-sided configuration of the opening in the region of a projecting inside edge.
As can be seen fL~I the Figures, the grub screws 11, 12 which are ~LeLeL~bly made from hardened material are provided with front surfaces which centrally converge to a point, and at their rearward ends they have a recess with an internal h~xa~Qn. An I~bus wrench 15 (for ~ng~g;ng into a hexagonal recess)is used for actuating the grub screws.
Alternatively however the grub screw may also be provided with a turning slot or the like, at its rear end.
At the lower end of the wrench 13 the opening 16 is of a jaw-like configuration provided by two parallel jaws, wherein the holes 5, 6 extend in mutually directly oppositely ~;~pos~ relat;~h;p at a right angle to the inside jaw surfaces and issue substantially centrally fm m the internal jaw surfaces.
Figure 5 shows the grub screws 11, 12 in the condition in which they have not yet been screwed into the wrench, while in the partly broken-away view shown in Figure 6 the grub screws 11, 12 are screwed into the holes 5, 6 in the tool 13.
As can be seen fm m all views, the grub screws 11, 12 are preferably longer than the holes 5, 6 so that, even in the fully screwed-in condition, they still project on the outside and are thus r~A~ily accessible. It will be appreciated however that they can also be shorter.
Figures 7 and 8 show a further embodiment of the tool in the form of a socket wrench unit (socket wrench insert) 1' which, with the exception of the round cross-section of the internal opening 4', is _ 15 completely identical to the embcdiment shown in Figures 1 through 4.
The round cross-section of the opening can best be seen frcm the left-hand front view in Figure 8. The socket wrench insert 1' is ~R; ~ne~
for actuating a round screw connecting element in the form for ~xA~rle of a screw bolt 17, but it also makes it poss;hle to turn polygonal screw heads, nuts and the like, which are introduced into the opening 4'.
The screw bolt 17 is of the usual round configuration with an ext~r~lly screwthredded portion 18 and a round head portion 19 in which there is provided an actuating portion 20 for ~x~rle in the form of an internal hexagon. In the normal case, for unscrewing or screwing up the screw bolt 17, the head portion 19 thereof is introduced into the opening 4' and then the grub screws 11, 12 are screwed in to such an extent that their tips dig into the surface of the head portion, whereafter the tool 1' is turned by way of an exten~;on lever and/or ratchet lever or the like.
Figures 9 and 10 show two different side views of an ~mho~;ment of the rotatable or screwable connecting element according to the invention, in the form of a screw bolt 21. In the same manner as the screw bolt 17 shown in Figure 7, the screw bolt 21 is of a round configuration with an externally screwthreaded portion 22 and a round head portion 23 in which there is provided an actuating portion 24, for ~x~nple in the form of an internal ~x~on.
In addition the screw bolt 21 has two diametrally oppositely disposed conical openings 25. The tips of the grub screws 11, 12 can engage into the openings 25 in use of the tool according to the invention, thereby pro~uc;~g a rotational connection which can carry a high loading and which at the same time also prevents the connecting element fL~Il unintent;on~lly f~ll;ng out of the tool. The number and position of the openings 25 preferably depend on the number and position of the movable elements in the tool. Instead of the c~n;c~ openings 25 it is also poss;hle to provide op~ning~ of another configuration, for Px~rrle through holes.
2l6~ns2 -The connecting element according to the invention can also be ~;gn~d as a screw member, stud with a substantially cont;nuoll~
external screwthread, nut or the like, with op~n; n~ 25 which are arranged in the outside periphery of the head and which are of a 5 c~n;c~l or other configuration.
Claims (13)
1. A tool for rotating rotatable connecting elements, in particular polygonal screw members, nuts or round connecting elements, for example studs, having a head portion (2) which can be fitted on to or applied to the rotatable connecting element (9; 17; 21) and which has an internal opening (4; 4'; 14: 16) for receiving the connecting element (9; 17; 21) and two holes (5, 6) which extend substantially transversely to the center line of the internal opening and which pass through the entire wall of the head portion and which are provided with an internal screwthread and in which respective elements (11, 12) which are movable transversely to the center line of the internal opening can be disposed or are arranged, characterised in that the holes (5, 6) are disposed in diametrally opposite relationship with respect to the center line of the internal opening and that the elements are in the form of a screw pin or a grub screw with a front point.
2. A tool as set forth in claim 1 characterised in that the spacing between the center line of the holes (5, 6) and the front surface of the head portion is smaller than the axial thickness of the head of the connecting element (9; 17; 21) to be actuated by the tool.
3. A tool as set forth in claim 1 or claim 2 characterised in that the holes (5, 6) are so arranged that they intersect at a right angle a flat inside wall surface of the internal opening (4) of the head portion (2).
4. A tool as set forth in one of the preceding claims characterised in that the holes extend precisely at a right angle to the center line of the internal opening (4; 4'; 14; 16) of the head portion (2).
5. A tool as set forth in one of the preceding claims characterised in that the tool is a socket wrench, in particular a box socket wrench, a spark plug wrench, a wheel nut wrench or a machine-operated power socket wrench.
6. A tool as set forth in one of claims 1 through 4 characterised in that the tool is an insert ring for freeweel ratchets or a socket wrench insert.
7. A tool as set forth in one of claims 1 through 4 characterised in that the tool is an open-end wrench (jaw-type wrench) or a ring wrench.
8. A tool as set forth in one of the preceding claims characterised in that the internal opening (4') is of a round cross-section.
9. A tool as set forth in one of claims 1 through 7 characterised in that the internal opening (4) is of a polygonal cross-section, preferably with three, four, siz or twelve rectilinearly extending inside wall surfaces which intersect each other at an angle.
10. A tool as set forth in one of claims 1 through 7 characterised in that the internal opening (4) is of a corrugated cross-section.
11. A method of rotating and in particular loosening a rotatable connecting element by means of a tool as set forth in one of the preceding claims characterised in that the tool is firstly fitted on to or applied to the connecting element to be loosened and then one or more of the movable elements (11, 12) is moved towards the connecting element, particularly by screwing in the movable element or elements, to such an extent that the tip of the movable element or elements digs into the surface of the connecting element, whereafter the tool is rotated.
12. A method as set forth in claim 11 characterised in that firstly one of the movable elements is moved into the opening to such an extent that, by virtue of the contact between said movable element and the connecting element, the center line of the connecting element is displaced relative to the center line of the opening, and then the oppositely disposed movable element is dug with its tip into the connecting element, and then the tool is rotated.
13. A method of rotating and in particular loosening a rotatable connecting element by means of a tool as set forth in one of claims 1 through 10 characterised in that firstly, before the tool is fitted on to the connecting element, the movable element or elements (11, 12) is moved into the tool, in particular by screwing the movable element or elements in, to such an extent that the free space between them is smaller than the thickness of the head region of the connecting element and then the tool is knocked on to the head region of the connecting element so that the tips of the movable element or elements dig into the surface of the connecting element, whereafter the tool is rotated.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEG9311857.0U | 1993-08-09 | ||
| DE9311857U DE9311857U1 (en) | 1993-08-09 | 1993-08-09 | Tool for turning polygonal screws |
| DE9406049 | 1994-04-12 | ||
| DEG9406049.5U | 1994-04-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2169052A1 true CA2169052A1 (en) | 1995-02-16 |
Family
ID=25961107
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002169052A Abandoned CA2169052A1 (en) | 1993-08-09 | 1994-08-08 | Process and tool for rotating connecting elements, and connecting element used therewith |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0713442B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH09501110A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR960703709A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1128969A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE166606T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU7263094A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9407222A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2169052A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE59406096D1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI960617A0 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL312944A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1995004635A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10242511A1 (en) * | 2002-09-12 | 2004-04-08 | Gedore-Werkzeugfabrik Otto Dowidat Kg | Hammer ring spanner for turning bolts has axis of grub screw offset parallel to diagonals of ring |
| US7007573B2 (en) * | 2004-05-12 | 2006-03-07 | Eazypower Corporation | Impact driver and fastener removal device |
| CN100462574C (en) * | 2006-11-28 | 2009-02-18 | 温州信德电力配件有限公司 | Dedicate wrench for disassembling fastener and wrench thereof |
| JP4461194B1 (en) * | 2009-06-26 | 2010-05-12 | 株式会社ミラック光学 | Bolt tightening tool and bolt tightening method |
| GB2478955B (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2014-07-09 | Hire Torque Ltd | Fastener holding spanner |
| DE202011103534U1 (en) | 2011-07-21 | 2011-11-11 | Gedore-Werkzeugfabrik Otto Dowidat Kg | Impact socket |
| CN103206602A (en) * | 2012-01-11 | 2013-07-17 | 昆山允升吉光电科技有限公司 | Support frame |
| DE102013114318B4 (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2016-09-22 | Steyr Motors Gmbh | Multi-part crankcase and assembly process |
| CN105150156B (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2017-10-13 | 南车株洲电力机车研究所有限公司 | A kind of stud nut embedded sleeve barrel and built-in process |
| CN105252468A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-01-20 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Fixed socket spanner |
| AT15454U1 (en) * | 2016-05-03 | 2017-09-15 | Holzmeister Josef | puller |
| CN107900951A (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2018-04-13 | 国网浙江省电力公司湖州供电公司 | Hexagon socket head cap screw clamp device |
| CN111168628A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2020-05-19 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Annular assembling and disassembling tool |
| DE102022004777A1 (en) | 2022-12-16 | 2023-02-23 | Mercedes-Benz Group AG | Device for screwing a hydraulic line to a hydraulic unit of a braking system |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2659258A (en) * | 1952-05-20 | 1953-11-17 | Dillard James | Bolt-holding box wrench |
| US2805594A (en) * | 1955-02-10 | 1957-09-10 | Fogel Aaron | Nut-holding socket wrench |
| CH335245A (en) * | 1956-12-03 | 1958-12-31 | Novo Cristal S A | Device for manual actuation of a threaded part |
| US2961905A (en) * | 1958-12-23 | 1960-11-29 | Howard C Stumpf | Socket wrench |
| US3668952A (en) * | 1970-01-26 | 1972-06-13 | John H Teutsch | Automobile wheel theft prevention device |
| US4607547A (en) * | 1985-02-06 | 1986-08-26 | Martus Donald G | Stripped hex head drive socket |
| US4823652A (en) * | 1987-05-18 | 1989-04-25 | Morrissey William P | Nut grabber |
| USH1046H (en) * | 1989-02-10 | 1992-05-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Drill chuck remover |
| US5123310A (en) * | 1991-02-22 | 1992-06-23 | Mcnc | Socket for turning fastener heads having deformed head surfaces |
-
1994
- 1994-08-08 AT AT94922846T patent/ATE166606T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-08-08 DE DE59406096T patent/DE59406096D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-08-08 JP JP7506155A patent/JPH09501110A/en active Pending
- 1994-08-08 BR BR9407222A patent/BR9407222A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-08-08 CN CN94193028A patent/CN1128969A/en active Pending
- 1994-08-08 EP EP94922846A patent/EP0713442B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-08 KR KR1019960700691A patent/KR960703709A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-08-08 DE DE4495765T patent/DE4495765D2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-08-08 WO PCT/DE1994/000912 patent/WO1995004635A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-08-08 CA CA002169052A patent/CA2169052A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-08-08 AU AU72630/94A patent/AU7263094A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-08-08 PL PL94312944A patent/PL312944A1/en unknown
-
1996
- 1996-02-09 FI FI960617A patent/FI960617A0/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU7263094A (en) | 1995-02-28 |
| DE4495765D2 (en) | 1996-08-22 |
| KR960703709A (en) | 1996-08-31 |
| FI960617A (en) | 1996-02-09 |
| BR9407222A (en) | 1996-09-17 |
| JPH09501110A (en) | 1997-02-04 |
| ATE166606T1 (en) | 1998-06-15 |
| DE59406096D1 (en) | 1998-07-02 |
| EP0713442A1 (en) | 1996-05-29 |
| WO1995004635A1 (en) | 1995-02-16 |
| EP0713442B1 (en) | 1998-05-27 |
| CN1128969A (en) | 1996-08-14 |
| PL312944A1 (en) | 1996-05-27 |
| FI960617A0 (en) | 1996-02-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |