CA2166212C - A baton projectile - Google Patents
A baton projectile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2166212C CA2166212C CA002166212A CA2166212A CA2166212C CA 2166212 C CA2166212 C CA 2166212C CA 002166212 A CA002166212 A CA 002166212A CA 2166212 A CA2166212 A CA 2166212A CA 2166212 C CA2166212 C CA 2166212C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- core
- projectile
- target
- impact
- casing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
- F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
- F42B12/745—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body the core being made of plastics; Compounds or blends of plastics and other materials, e.g. fillers
Abstract
A baton projectile comprises a case (1) of low density polyethylene and a co re (2) of a soft material such as a thermoplastic gel modified rubber. An air gap (4) is optionally formed at the front end of the baton projectile between the core (2) and the case (1). Upon impact with a target at acceptable forces the air pocket (4) reduces the spe ed of sound of the impact shockwave to reduce the risk o f unacceptable bone injury to the target. At higher than acceptable impact for ces, the case (1) ruptures and the core (2) spreads out to radially disperse the excess impact energy and to present a larger impact area to the target so that the risk of unacceptable penetration and trauma injury to the target is reduced.
Description
WO 95/00815 PCT/GB9=1/01377 A BATON PR~JELTILE
Baton missiles or projectiles are provided to the police a,~.d security forces for use in control l ing violent demcnstrators or other offenders.
Although the intention of using such a projectile is to subdue an offender without causing death or serious injury, the known baton projectiles have not been found to be entirely satisfactory in this respect.
70 A problem is that there is a conflict between the design requirements of an ideal baton projectile. The ideal projectile should be sufficiently strong to resist the force applied by the propellant used to launch it, but flexible enough to avoid causing serious injury to the body of the target. Hitherto, pyrotechnic propellants have been 75 used to launch the projectile from a gun, but even the most suitable pyrotechnic propellants tend to cause damage to the preferred types of projectile. The projectile must, in any event, produce an impact of about 200 foot-pounds (about 270 Joules) in order to subdue a person weighing about 12 stones (about 76 Kg).
Three properties of the impact of known baton projectiles on human targets have been found to contribute to injury and sometimes death.
Firstly, the physical trauma of the impact force on the target can induce shock which can result in death if the impact force exceeds certain limits. In the past this has meant that baton projectiles had to be used from a distance of at least 25 metres, with a usable range up to 50 metres to ensure that the impact force would be below lethal levels but the required impact energy would still be achieved.
Secondly, the impact of the baton on the target transrAits a shockwave into the target which can causes shattering of the target, e.g. the bone of a human target, depending upon the nature of the impact shockwave. In particular, it has been found that a high speed of sound impact shockwave can lead to serious shattering of the bones of a human target. Thirdly, at impact energies above the acceptable levels penetration can cause unacceptable injury to vital organs in human targets.
A
Baton missiles or projectiles are provided to the police a,~.d security forces for use in control l ing violent demcnstrators or other offenders.
Although the intention of using such a projectile is to subdue an offender without causing death or serious injury, the known baton projectiles have not been found to be entirely satisfactory in this respect.
70 A problem is that there is a conflict between the design requirements of an ideal baton projectile. The ideal projectile should be sufficiently strong to resist the force applied by the propellant used to launch it, but flexible enough to avoid causing serious injury to the body of the target. Hitherto, pyrotechnic propellants have been 75 used to launch the projectile from a gun, but even the most suitable pyrotechnic propellants tend to cause damage to the preferred types of projectile. The projectile must, in any event, produce an impact of about 200 foot-pounds (about 270 Joules) in order to subdue a person weighing about 12 stones (about 76 Kg).
Three properties of the impact of known baton projectiles on human targets have been found to contribute to injury and sometimes death.
Firstly, the physical trauma of the impact force on the target can induce shock which can result in death if the impact force exceeds certain limits. In the past this has meant that baton projectiles had to be used from a distance of at least 25 metres, with a usable range up to 50 metres to ensure that the impact force would be below lethal levels but the required impact energy would still be achieved.
Secondly, the impact of the baton on the target transrAits a shockwave into the target which can causes shattering of the target, e.g. the bone of a human target, depending upon the nature of the impact shockwave. In particular, it has been found that a high speed of sound impact shockwave can lead to serious shattering of the bones of a human target. Thirdly, at impact energies above the acceptable levels penetration can cause unacceptable injury to vital organs in human targets.
A
It would be desirable to provide a baton projectile which overcomes or at least alleviates the above-mentioned problems.
According to the present invention there is provided a baton projectile having a casing which encloses a core, the casing being relatively thin when compared with the diameter of the core and being formed, at least in part, from a substance capable of maintaining the structural integrity of the casing during launch and flight and the core being formed, at least in part, from a relatively soft material so that impact of the baton projectile with a target does not cause unacceptable injury.
An embodiment of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 shows an axial section through a baton projectile forming an embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 2 is a side view of the baton of figure 1.
The baton projectile shown in the figures comprises a low density polyethylene case 1 which surrounds and holds in place a synthetic thermoplastic rubber core 2. The case 1 has a rounded front end and the core 2 has a planar front face so that an air pocket 4 is formed in front of the core 2 when loaded in the case 1. The case 1 is closed at its rear end by a sabot 3. The case 1 is relatively thin when compared wi th the di ameter of the core and the pol yethyl ene f rom whi ch i t i s formed has a softening point of no less than about 60 degrees centigrade to ensure that the projectile will function satisfactorily under all expected operating temperatures.
The compositions and physical characteristics of the materials used for the case and core may be varied in order to select a desired impact specification.
According to the present invention there is provided a baton projectile having a casing which encloses a core, the casing being relatively thin when compared with the diameter of the core and being formed, at least in part, from a substance capable of maintaining the structural integrity of the casing during launch and flight and the core being formed, at least in part, from a relatively soft material so that impact of the baton projectile with a target does not cause unacceptable injury.
An embodiment of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 shows an axial section through a baton projectile forming an embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 2 is a side view of the baton of figure 1.
The baton projectile shown in the figures comprises a low density polyethylene case 1 which surrounds and holds in place a synthetic thermoplastic rubber core 2. The case 1 has a rounded front end and the core 2 has a planar front face so that an air pocket 4 is formed in front of the core 2 when loaded in the case 1. The case 1 is closed at its rear end by a sabot 3. The case 1 is relatively thin when compared wi th the di ameter of the core and the pol yethyl ene f rom whi ch i t i s formed has a softening point of no less than about 60 degrees centigrade to ensure that the projectile will function satisfactorily under all expected operating temperatures.
The compositions and physical characteristics of the materials used for the case and core may be varied in order to select a desired impact specification.
The core 2 is formed from a synthetic thermoplastic rubber material which is gel modified so as to have a desired viscosity.
The viscosity of the core can be varied to change the nature of the impact shockwave. In most applications, the viscosity of the core is chosen so that the speed of sound impact shockwave is low and thus the risk of shattering of the bones of a human target is reduced in comparison with the prior art.
The air pocket 4 between the front face of the casing and the core tends by compression of the air in the air pocket 4 to cushion the core, as it moves forward, when the projectile impacts on the target to produce a modified shockwave. The provision of the air pocket 4 further reduces the risk of bone shattering of a human target, compared with a projectile in which the core fills the casing.
The thickness and strength of the case 1 are predetermined having regard to the characteristics of the core, the maintenance of the integrity of the case during the launch and flight phases, and the criteria of the impact to be achieved.
The parameters of the case 1, and in particular its thickness and strength are chosen so as to ensure that, upon impact at high forces i.e. when launched at short range, the case deforms to allow the core to cause no more than an acceptable degree of injury to the body of the target . The impact force is thus kept at acceptable levels and the baton is prevented from penetrating and causing unacceptable injury to vital organs of the target.
Furthermore, the case 1 and core 2 are designed so that the case ruptures, without breaking into sharp fragments, in the event of an excessive impact force, usually corresponding to an impact energy about 200 foot-pounds.
Such impact forces might occur if the baton is fired at - 3a -very close range. The gel modified synthetic rubber used for the core is so compounded that when the case ruptures, the core flows or spreads radially outwards from the . .
point of impact and tends to flatten itself against the body of the target, again without penetration of the target. A significant force is thereby applied by the core to the target over an area greater than that of the projectile itself, and by means of a relatively soft material. In this way the excess impact energy is dispersed to reduce the risk of unacceptable injury to the target.
The exterior of the case 1 has optional striations 6 which help to promote the rupturing of the case at high impact forces .
A range of colour coded outwardly physically identical projectiles may therefore be manufactured, each with a different impact specification. Because the compositions of the materials used for the case and core can be precisely controlled, and the dimensions of the projectile accurately reproduced by moulding techniques, projectiles for each specification can be reliably mass produced.
Materials other than low density polythene, such as other plastics or synthetic wax may be used for the case, and materials other than thermoplastic rubber may be used for the core. However, for the exemplary embodiment herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings the material used for the case must meet the requirements of allowing the case to deform, and rupture at high impact forces, without breaking into dangerous fragments, and that used for the core must be capable of spreading to form a relatively soft mass which will not penetrate the body of the target at such high impact forces. The components should possess these characteristics when impacting on the target with high impact forces being defined as impacts of above around 200 foot-pounds. Thus any suitable plastics, wax, synthetic wax or wax-like material may be used for the case, and compounds of rubber, synthetic or rubber-like material may be used for the core, provided the materials will meet these requirements. Other materials which meet the specified requirements may also be used.
Examples of suitable materials for the core are:
The viscosity of the core can be varied to change the nature of the impact shockwave. In most applications, the viscosity of the core is chosen so that the speed of sound impact shockwave is low and thus the risk of shattering of the bones of a human target is reduced in comparison with the prior art.
The air pocket 4 between the front face of the casing and the core tends by compression of the air in the air pocket 4 to cushion the core, as it moves forward, when the projectile impacts on the target to produce a modified shockwave. The provision of the air pocket 4 further reduces the risk of bone shattering of a human target, compared with a projectile in which the core fills the casing.
The thickness and strength of the case 1 are predetermined having regard to the characteristics of the core, the maintenance of the integrity of the case during the launch and flight phases, and the criteria of the impact to be achieved.
The parameters of the case 1, and in particular its thickness and strength are chosen so as to ensure that, upon impact at high forces i.e. when launched at short range, the case deforms to allow the core to cause no more than an acceptable degree of injury to the body of the target . The impact force is thus kept at acceptable levels and the baton is prevented from penetrating and causing unacceptable injury to vital organs of the target.
Furthermore, the case 1 and core 2 are designed so that the case ruptures, without breaking into sharp fragments, in the event of an excessive impact force, usually corresponding to an impact energy about 200 foot-pounds.
Such impact forces might occur if the baton is fired at - 3a -very close range. The gel modified synthetic rubber used for the core is so compounded that when the case ruptures, the core flows or spreads radially outwards from the . .
point of impact and tends to flatten itself against the body of the target, again without penetration of the target. A significant force is thereby applied by the core to the target over an area greater than that of the projectile itself, and by means of a relatively soft material. In this way the excess impact energy is dispersed to reduce the risk of unacceptable injury to the target.
The exterior of the case 1 has optional striations 6 which help to promote the rupturing of the case at high impact forces .
A range of colour coded outwardly physically identical projectiles may therefore be manufactured, each with a different impact specification. Because the compositions of the materials used for the case and core can be precisely controlled, and the dimensions of the projectile accurately reproduced by moulding techniques, projectiles for each specification can be reliably mass produced.
Materials other than low density polythene, such as other plastics or synthetic wax may be used for the case, and materials other than thermoplastic rubber may be used for the core. However, for the exemplary embodiment herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings the material used for the case must meet the requirements of allowing the case to deform, and rupture at high impact forces, without breaking into dangerous fragments, and that used for the core must be capable of spreading to form a relatively soft mass which will not penetrate the body of the target at such high impact forces. The components should possess these characteristics when impacting on the target with high impact forces being defined as impacts of above around 200 foot-pounds. Thus any suitable plastics, wax, synthetic wax or wax-like material may be used for the case, and compounds of rubber, synthetic or rubber-like material may be used for the core, provided the materials will meet these requirements. Other materials which meet the specified requirements may also be used.
Examples of suitable materials for the core are:
5 21 b 6 2 3 2 pCT/GB94/01377 thermoplastic elastomer compounds based on styrene ethylene-butylene styrene (SEBS), styrene ethylene-propylene styrene (SEPS), styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) block polymers, compounded with paraffinic or naphthenic oil, inorganic fillers such as calcium carbonate, silica, 5 talc, barium sulphate and a suitable stabiliser system.
The SEES or SEPS would be modified with the addition of a polyolefin such as polyethylene, polypropylene or copolymer of these. The SBS
could be modified by the addition of polyethylene, polypropylene, copolymers of these, ethylene vinyl acetate or polystyrene.
Typically the compositions would be within the following range:
(% by weight) TPE polymer (SEES, SEPS or SBS) 10 to 40%
Oil (paraffinic or naphthenic) 20 to 75%
Filler (CaC03, silica, talc, barytes) 0 to 80%
Modifier (polyolefin, eva, polystyrene) 3 to 55%
Stabilisers 0.1 to 1%
Density would range from 0.88 to 2.4 gcrti3.
Hardness would range from less than 10 to 20 Shore A.
To improve its accuracy, the projectile is spin-stabilised in flight.
The projectile is caused to spin by cooperation of the sabot 3 with the rifling of the barrel from which the projectile is launched. The sabot is of relatively rigid construction and has a skirt 5 which is sleeved over the rear end of the case and a base 6 which obturates the end of the case and retains the core. The sabot receives and distributes the forces applied to the projectile during the launch phase and prevents damage to the casing during this phase.
The material of the case enables it to maintain its structural integrity during the launch and flight phases and may be printed with information on its exterior.
Although the projectile may be launched using a conventional pyrotechnic cartridge, the impact characteristics and reliability of the projectile described herein may be improved, if it is launched from a pressurised gas cartridge, particularly although not essentially of the type described in EP-A-O 499332 published on August 08, 1992.
The baton according to the present invention has the advantage that it can be used within close and very close range from a target. In particular it can be used at distances below 25 metres without causing unacceptable injury to a human target. As with the prior art the baton of the invention can be used up to 50 metres or more from the target.
It will be appreciated that many variations and modifications may be made to the described embodiment and it is intended to include all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope of the accompanying claims. In particular, the core may fill the casing.
The SEES or SEPS would be modified with the addition of a polyolefin such as polyethylene, polypropylene or copolymer of these. The SBS
could be modified by the addition of polyethylene, polypropylene, copolymers of these, ethylene vinyl acetate or polystyrene.
Typically the compositions would be within the following range:
(% by weight) TPE polymer (SEES, SEPS or SBS) 10 to 40%
Oil (paraffinic or naphthenic) 20 to 75%
Filler (CaC03, silica, talc, barytes) 0 to 80%
Modifier (polyolefin, eva, polystyrene) 3 to 55%
Stabilisers 0.1 to 1%
Density would range from 0.88 to 2.4 gcrti3.
Hardness would range from less than 10 to 20 Shore A.
To improve its accuracy, the projectile is spin-stabilised in flight.
The projectile is caused to spin by cooperation of the sabot 3 with the rifling of the barrel from which the projectile is launched. The sabot is of relatively rigid construction and has a skirt 5 which is sleeved over the rear end of the case and a base 6 which obturates the end of the case and retains the core. The sabot receives and distributes the forces applied to the projectile during the launch phase and prevents damage to the casing during this phase.
The material of the case enables it to maintain its structural integrity during the launch and flight phases and may be printed with information on its exterior.
Although the projectile may be launched using a conventional pyrotechnic cartridge, the impact characteristics and reliability of the projectile described herein may be improved, if it is launched from a pressurised gas cartridge, particularly although not essentially of the type described in EP-A-O 499332 published on August 08, 1992.
The baton according to the present invention has the advantage that it can be used within close and very close range from a target. In particular it can be used at distances below 25 metres without causing unacceptable injury to a human target. As with the prior art the baton of the invention can be used up to 50 metres or more from the target.
It will be appreciated that many variations and modifications may be made to the described embodiment and it is intended to include all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope of the accompanying claims. In particular, the core may fill the casing.
Claims (9)
1. A baton projectile having a casing which encloses a core, the casing being relatively thin when compared with the diameter of the core and being formed, at least in part, from a substance capable of maintaining the structural integrity of the casing during launch and flight, the core being formed, at least in part, from a relatively soft material, an air pocket being provided at the front end of the projectile between the core and the casing, and the core being forwardly movable within the casing during which the core is cushioned by compression of air in the air pocket so that impact of the projectile with a target does not cause unacceptable injury.
2. A baton projectile as claimed in claim 1, in which the core is released on impact with a target without causing unacceptable injury to the target.
3. A baton projectile as claimed in claim 2, in which the relatively soft material of the core is adapted to spread out from the casing upon impact.
4. A baton projectile as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, in which the core is released from the casing at an impact energy above a predetermined value.
5. A baton projectile as claimed in claim 4, in which the predetermined value is 200 foot-pounds (about 270 Joules).
6. A baton projectile as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 5, in which the casing ruptures to release the core, without forming fragments capable of penetrating the target, and the core spreads out to form a larger impact area with the target.
7. A baton projectile as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the core is formed from a thermoplastic gel modified rubber.
8. A baton projectile as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the casing is formed from a low density polyethylene.
9. A baton projectile as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, including a sabot fitted upon the trailing end of the casing.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB939313310A GB9313310D0 (en) | 1993-06-28 | 1993-06-28 | A baton projectile |
| GB9313310.6 | 1993-06-28 | ||
| PCT/GB1994/001377 WO1995000815A1 (en) | 1993-06-28 | 1994-06-27 | A baton projectile |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2166212A1 CA2166212A1 (en) | 1995-01-05 |
| CA2166212C true CA2166212C (en) | 2001-09-11 |
Family
ID=10737921
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002166212A Expired - Fee Related CA2166212C (en) | 1993-06-28 | 1994-06-27 | A baton projectile |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6012395A (en) |
| EP (2) | EP0844458B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH10504635A (en) |
| AT (2) | ATE169996T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU683474B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2166212C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE69412622T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2122294T3 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB9313310D0 (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1013327A1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2134401C1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1995000815A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA944636B (en) |
Families Citing this family (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5652407A (en) * | 1996-02-13 | 1997-07-29 | Academy Of Applied Science | Non-lethal ammunition and method |
| FR2768504B3 (en) | 1997-09-12 | 1999-11-26 | Isher | PROJECTILE WITH CONTROLLED DEFORMATION |
| SE513311C2 (en) | 1998-12-29 | 2000-08-21 | Gustav Rennerfelt | eccentric |
| US6530328B2 (en) * | 1999-02-24 | 2003-03-11 | Federal Cartridge Company | Captive soft-point bullet |
| US6305292B1 (en) * | 1999-02-24 | 2001-10-23 | Federal Cartridge Company | Captive soft-point bullet |
| WO2000071965A2 (en) * | 1999-05-05 | 2000-11-30 | Law Enforcement Technologies, Inc. | Non-lethal ballistic |
| RU2189001C2 (en) * | 2000-08-04 | 2002-09-10 | Кириллов Андрей Порфирьевич | Bullet for non-killing weapon |
| US20070079721A1 (en) * | 2003-09-02 | 2007-04-12 | Poly Systems Pty Ltd. | Projectile containing a gel impregnated with an abrasive agent |
| WO2005031246A2 (en) * | 2003-10-02 | 2005-04-07 | The University Of Western Ontario | Less-lethal ammunition projectile |
| US20060027130A1 (en) * | 2004-08-05 | 2006-02-09 | Parker Bobby J | Muzzle loading bullet with gas seal |
| FR2880680B1 (en) * | 2005-01-10 | 2010-07-30 | Jean Pierre Denis | TRAINING AMMUNITION AND INTERVENTION |
| GB0507719D0 (en) * | 2005-04-16 | 2005-05-25 | Secr Defence | Low lethality projectile |
| US7743709B2 (en) | 2006-10-28 | 2010-06-29 | Integrity Ballistics, Llc | Sabot for elastomeric projectile |
| EP2137484B1 (en) * | 2007-04-01 | 2014-11-12 | Sdi - Security Device International Inc. | Non-lethal projectile |
| US8047136B2 (en) * | 2008-05-29 | 2011-11-01 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Projectile for simulating multiple ballistic impacts |
| DE102008038258B8 (en) | 2008-08-11 | 2010-06-10 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | projectile |
| GB0817855D0 (en) * | 2008-10-01 | 2008-11-05 | Rolls Royce Plc | Artificial bird projectiles for simulating bird strike events |
| WO2015106075A1 (en) * | 2014-01-10 | 2015-07-16 | Tyco Electronics Raychem Bvba | Thermoplastic gel compositions and their methods of making |
| RU2610021C1 (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2017-02-07 | Михаил Иванович Голубенко | Bullet for pneumatic non-lethal weapon |
| RU2630025C2 (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2017-09-05 | Акционерное общество "Новосибирский патронный завод" (АО "НПЗ") | Bullet |
| US11428512B1 (en) * | 2017-10-02 | 2022-08-30 | A.N.S. Xtreme Performance, Inc. | Projectiles for a paintball marker and systems |
| US11287230B1 (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2022-03-29 | Rama Technologies, LLC | Less-than-lethal kinetic impact round |
Family Cites Families (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE367543C (en) * | 1914-11-10 | 1923-01-23 | Westinghouse Bremsen Ges M B H | Braking device |
| US1512026A (en) * | 1922-08-17 | 1924-10-21 | Peters Cartridge Company | Bullet |
| US3782286A (en) * | 1970-11-12 | 1974-01-01 | E Richie | Non-lethal projectile and launcher therefor |
| US3714896A (en) * | 1970-12-31 | 1973-02-06 | Aaa Corp | Projectile, cartridge, and method |
| US3906859A (en) * | 1971-08-30 | 1975-09-23 | First Round Research Inc | Penetration resistant projectile and cartridge for conventional firearms |
| US3982489A (en) * | 1972-11-29 | 1976-09-28 | Abraham Flatau | Kinetic energy ring projectile |
| US3951070A (en) * | 1972-11-29 | 1976-04-20 | Abraham Flatau | Non-hazardous ring airfoil projectile of non-lethal material |
| DE2329665A1 (en) * | 1973-06-09 | 1975-01-02 | Rheinmetall Gmbh | NON-FATAL FLOOR |
| US3865038A (en) * | 1973-07-13 | 1975-02-11 | Irwin R Barr | Deterrent ammunition projectile |
| US3911824A (en) * | 1973-07-13 | 1975-10-14 | Aai Corp | Deterrent ammunition projectile |
| AT367543B (en) * | 1979-12-04 | 1982-07-12 | Distropat Ag | CARTRIDGE |
| FR2532742A1 (en) * | 1982-09-02 | 1984-03-09 | Lefebvre Jean Pascal | PROTECTIVE CARTRIDGE FOR HUNTING RIFLE |
| GB2192258B (en) * | 1986-05-20 | 1989-12-13 | Thomas Jago | Ammunition for firearms. |
| US4823702A (en) * | 1987-06-19 | 1989-04-25 | Robert Woolsey | Shotgun projectile |
| US5121692A (en) * | 1989-08-18 | 1992-06-16 | Dicarlo James M | Non-lethal, non-penetrating training bullet and cartridge with impact marking capability |
| US5035183A (en) * | 1990-03-12 | 1991-07-30 | David Luxton | Frangible nonlethal projectile |
| FR2669996B3 (en) * | 1990-11-30 | 1993-11-05 | Verney Carron Sa | PROJECTILE FOR LARGE-CALIBER FIREARMS AMMUNITION. |
| US5233774A (en) * | 1991-01-10 | 1993-08-10 | Joel Leibowitz | Baton gun |
| US5086703A (en) * | 1991-02-05 | 1992-02-11 | Klein John M | Universal projectile ammunition |
| NL9100257A (en) * | 1991-02-14 | 1992-09-01 | Michael Ernest Saxby | CARTRIDGE AMMUNITION WORKING WITH GAS PRESSURE. |
| DE9204695U1 (en) * | 1992-04-04 | 1992-07-02 | Hetzel, Stefan, 5480 Remagen, De | |
| US5221809A (en) * | 1992-04-13 | 1993-06-22 | Cuadros Jaime H | Non-lethal weapons system |
-
1993
- 1993-06-28 GB GB939313310A patent/GB9313310D0/en active Pending
-
1994
- 1994-06-27 RU RU96105416A patent/RU2134401C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-06-27 EP EP97203939A patent/EP0844458B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-06-27 DE DE69412622T patent/DE69412622T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-06-27 DE DE69432126T patent/DE69432126D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-06-27 CA CA002166212A patent/CA2166212C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-06-27 ES ES94918938T patent/ES2122294T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-06-27 AT AT94918938T patent/ATE169996T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-06-27 EP EP94918938A patent/EP0706637B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-06-27 WO PCT/GB1994/001377 patent/WO1995000815A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-06-27 JP JP7502596A patent/JPH10504635A/en active Pending
- 1994-06-27 AT AT97203939T patent/ATE232598T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-06-27 AU AU70035/94A patent/AU683474B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-06-28 ZA ZA944636A patent/ZA944636B/en unknown
-
1998
- 1998-12-15 US US09/210,743 patent/US6012395A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-21 HK HK98114518A patent/HK1013327A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0706637B1 (en) | 1998-08-19 |
| EP0844458A2 (en) | 1998-05-27 |
| CA2166212A1 (en) | 1995-01-05 |
| EP0844458B1 (en) | 2003-02-12 |
| DE69412622D1 (en) | 1998-09-24 |
| ATE169996T1 (en) | 1998-09-15 |
| RU2134401C1 (en) | 1999-08-10 |
| ZA944636B (en) | 1995-03-16 |
| WO1995000815A1 (en) | 1995-01-05 |
| AU683474B2 (en) | 1997-11-13 |
| DE69432126D1 (en) | 2003-03-20 |
| ATE232598T1 (en) | 2003-02-15 |
| AU7003594A (en) | 1995-01-17 |
| DE69412622T2 (en) | 1998-12-24 |
| US6012395A (en) | 2000-01-11 |
| GB9313310D0 (en) | 1993-08-11 |
| ES2122294T3 (en) | 1998-12-16 |
| EP0706637A1 (en) | 1996-04-17 |
| HK1013327A1 (en) | 1999-08-20 |
| JPH10504635A (en) | 1998-05-06 |
| EP0844458A3 (en) | 1999-11-10 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |