CA2160309C - Operating circuit for at least one low-pressure discharge lamp, especially for one or more fluorescent lamps, and method of safe operation - Google Patents
Operating circuit for at least one low-pressure discharge lamp, especially for one or more fluorescent lamps, and method of safe operation Download PDFInfo
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- CA2160309C CA2160309C CA002160309A CA2160309A CA2160309C CA 2160309 C CA2160309 C CA 2160309C CA 002160309 A CA002160309 A CA 002160309A CA 2160309 A CA2160309 A CA 2160309A CA 2160309 C CA2160309 C CA 2160309C
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- circuit
- inverter
- lamps
- resistance
- path
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- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 101100088138 Pinus taeda RPL10 gene Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003534 oscillatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- XUKUURHRXDUEBC-KAYWLYCHSA-N Atorvastatin Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1=C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)N(CC[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O)C(C(C)C)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 XUKUURHRXDUEBC-KAYWLYCHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100031807 Rattus norvegicus Paics gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(C)(C)O SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUBDBMMJDZJVOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound N=1C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2NC=1S(=O)CC1=NC=C(C)C(OC)=C1C SUBDBMMJDZJVOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001133287 Artocarpus hirsutus Species 0.000 description 1
- 101000835996 Caenorhabditis elegans Slit homolog 1 protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000140995 Capparis spinosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000017336 Capparis spinosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UDKCHVLMFQVBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-M Choline salicylate Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO.OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O UDKCHVLMFQVBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 108010088874 Cullin 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100364969 Dictyostelium discoideum scai gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100060031 Emericella nidulans (strain FGSC A4 / ATCC 38163 / CBS 112.46 / NRRL 194 / M139) cicE gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000287680 Garcinia dulcis Species 0.000 description 1
- 101150087426 Gnal gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150071986 LRAT gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100364971 Mus musculus Scai gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100130240 Myxococcus xanthus mfd gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- GXCLVBGFBYZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-N-methylprop-2-en-1-amine Chemical compound CN(CCC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)CC=C GXCLVBGFBYZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150034459 Parpbp gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001442654 Percnon planissimum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000232763 Poecile montanus Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100313003 Rattus norvegicus Tanc1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001274197 Scatophagus argus Species 0.000 description 1
- 101150027764 TECR gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005862 Whey Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000007544 Whey Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010046377 Whey Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000000436 anus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012550 audit Methods 0.000 description 1
- 101150087654 chrnd gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003405 preventing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NHDHVHZZCFYRSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyriproxyfen Chemical compound C=1C=CC=NC=1OC(C)COC(C=C1)=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1 NHDHVHZZCFYRSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from DC by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage DC
- H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from DC by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage DC using static converters
- H05B41/295—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from DC by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage DC using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps with preheating electrodes, e.g. for fluorescent lamps
- H05B41/298—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions
- H05B41/2981—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the circuit against abnormal operating conditions
- H05B41/2985—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the circuit against abnormal operating conditions against abnormal lamp operating conditions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from DC by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage DC
- H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from DC by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage DC using static converters
- H05B41/282—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from DC by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage DC using static converters with semiconductor devices
Landscapes
- Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
To prevent operation of an inverter starting and oscillation control circuit for one or more fluorescent lamps (LP1; LP4; LP5; LP6; LP20, LP21; LP30, LP31) if electrode filaments (E10, E11; E20, E21, E22, E23; E30, E31, E32, E33;
E40, E41; E50, E51; E60, E61) of any one of the lamps should be broken, a high-resistance d-c path is provided which connects the energy supply source with the control circuit (ST1; ST2; ST3; RK4b, C43; RK5b, RK5c; C54; L6c, C67) for the inverter circuit, so that, if one of the electrodes (E10, E11;
E20, E21, E22, E23; E30, E31, E32, E33; E40, E41; E50, E51;
E60, E61) should be broken, oscillation of the inverter, typically a half-bridge transistor or MOSFET circuit, is prevented. The circuit is particularly suitable to operate compact fluorescent lamps in which the operating voltage is in excess of the input voltage supplied to the inverter, and which requires resonant voltage enhancement during operation, and after ignition.
E40, E41; E50, E51; E60, E61) of any one of the lamps should be broken, a high-resistance d-c path is provided which connects the energy supply source with the control circuit (ST1; ST2; ST3; RK4b, C43; RK5b, RK5c; C54; L6c, C67) for the inverter circuit, so that, if one of the electrodes (E10, E11;
E20, E21, E22, E23; E30, E31, E32, E33; E40, E41; E50, E51;
E60, E61) should be broken, oscillation of the inverter, typically a half-bridge transistor or MOSFET circuit, is prevented. The circuit is particularly suitable to operate compact fluorescent lamps in which the operating voltage is in excess of the input voltage supplied to the inverter, and which requires resonant voltage enhancement during operation, and after ignition.
Description
21~Q3~~
IN THE C~~IT'F~L) .''~~1I_E;c~._1-",~'Z'Fa1'3'I- d, ~~~ ~"~~PaI:)EMARK
(~F'fTCF
"UF~ERA'CIi~~, 'T~=fir,: ~.~ 3'i' ~,",IL~t ~'~'~' L,'Fa~'~,:r'I' ci'~dEa LI':_)i~_'C~I~F:-'~ yLJR'H~
~IS~~H.~,R(~~; I_,~~sr~i~' P Ci;=,F?~°i' ~ ~4I,i~;4' h~'~ fFv i~il'~E
UR MURE
i'I~tJt:)RE-,C."F~iv''~' '_~I~M1='c'.~; P~f'd:(:J 1'~F~'1'Ht:)f) Of ;Y;~1~15~ t'IF'k~~K't~'1':1;'~N'~, Reference t:o rF~t_.at~:d pi~~a~ '~c~~~i: b.c~r~:
c,;erman DE ~:~ f~:3 5~~~; T~ l , ~:hc~ disc:.°l~>~.;rrrc:r r:,f whir~h is ~;.~rrtai.rls~cx. i..ri iJ.S. Sez 1'c1 C7~/18F~, ~i25, f':~ian. .::1 ~c;L.rfi:lr 'Y ;et"- 1 ~~.=p~, F~'E=i.~:=~~~r iC1 ~attor~ney caocket '~~3cJ7~.~;_4;t-tf c;R ~~.:3E~~~;~~:i~ if~Fp, ~~barrdc;~ned.
k ~ A..~, ,~ k , FIELD i~F° THE INI~'ET~Y'~:COp~
'f ~'l ~' ~> a Ea ;:r iw? Tl ~' 1. r 9 G' E' 11 ~ 1. C;'7 ) i 1 4' .j.. c~ ~:
t-~',=~ C: ~J i:~l r'I C) ~> a r ~~. ~ ~. r 1 C~
~:°ircuit fc~r" c~rre c~is,charc~e 7~:~m~:;, r..~:' ~_r ~:ail,aljty c>.f discharge lamps, typac:~lL~' ~=LLZ~~rvc rvc::er'R I.;miy::,;;, ~:.,.~,,r,~ ~r ;:=;r.,arc:~a c~ d._.c-.
electrical. erler"cJy, f,~:~r: F <~~Lrsz~a~e=~ .~i~t:wr~i~+.~~d ~r..c7rr1 a rrec~; ii:i.er.
couplec:a tc> arl a_..r~ ~,c.,wer, rlws~a~ r~, ~.-rrr~A ~ws~~r~n~ia:l~y t~~ ;~
c'irc~tri.t e:1 OpE?rcttEs C~nlTIpclC'~: t' li_lU9'E=':i::,'f?C!1: ~i~t('ir~'-~ ~T:.
;ii7..Tl~.c~~:LIT"E.' ~'11..1CGr'eS(~:'t~-nt lamps.
~'(J BACKGRt~UND
Liar: i rata=, c~-i :rc:la ~.t: ~ ~r~r~~v~ k a~er:i ~:~r-c_~~,~,:a sed L c~
operat,a cc~rnpac~t f-Lr_rr_~r"es~_erl.t. larn~.a~~, ,rr:.ca rrl~..n:k~t"~,..r"e f'le..rc~r"e~scervt lamps, in wr~ric:l~r oiler at inch ~olt~~c~~a i~; ,~~~r ia~jF;,;~ r t r, rn tl cvi._c:
scmn«n=~ wtricll, t~l~-'r-1, 1.S c.'A_~i.l~>~H'c'~ ?.:t'a :vl.r1 1r-1V<' ?':t-aC w:kl7= ~',:
't>r .y'V .c:~E!{ci-.r~ ~'r1E?Cs~y fOC' trrt_? lamp t~~-~',E'1f s3~: call °lC~t,:'1-.~~~ °rtiC~ 'w'C:) c ~ .~r~~ .uhf is~'hfi i ~"s ~rl f°'Xe;e.-'"_,~~ O
t~~.at <~er~et~at;ec9 ~::ry t_tita ~_raver~l ,.;ur. ~i yk:~l i= . Jr.rc::~vl c~i.r~cu~.t~; used the pr'-Lrl~'_". lp.l.E' m f r'e:~~CJr'l~irlc".'f:' ~"~:~ ~ ~' ~i(~EVr H3G
i~'1~~~11'I~""f."'tTl~'tlt raf:l~ C7Il ~ y t C''~
'._' '? F~ i ~ - 4 :l 21so3oo ,:~Pner~at a tyre r: ec~zi rHCt i c~r~ i.t: a.c>r'r ~4 G-, i t ~.~e t-~~,r th.e disahar~e i amp, but also to provide operat.ng vi,l.ta<t, Cloerefar.
TY~e refe)_erc~:wr~ i:,r)k,~ vfm~1 i.c,,cs, C,k.~r:rri<~.arv F'at;arn~:
Z~isol~~s~..arF:
l~o.r..ument DE 43 t?3 ~~?!~ F~, rl~=:,c~r~rk_}~~:_; ~ ~~i ry:tozt" wYiic~~
hay arz inverter to wYric)-) an i.ndt.rc°t car-lt.v:~ __ ~;~~;a,,. #y.ance I~C.' ) oirruit is c;~;y,lkmi. Tx~~ :C.,~' c ~,r~.:~;ui~, >"~~c o);~~ ~. ~ H~.,.:,r~~r~r uuty)oav: c~~il-.~.u:~t; ; in r,ahic~1ma rc,rnL:)r~.~~t f ~ ,rc~a. ~:..3a c°a:~rrt t.c=~rpv~ ~ ;;, ~--c~Err) l~~=pct e~d . Thce lamp nas :~ i lamentary el.ec~* r ~)de~. React: :l.vr-_~ in"):ped<wir~r~es are roupied in ~:u~c<=all.e3_ tc~ iv:i~e c-i iarn~~rnt:s r: t' t:Pr~-~ i.~~r)°m~r~.
M~?ra_s:~t-a ~>reverot exr.~e.~;sive lt1 c~)arrenfi f 7.. ow tY)ra:~ucwih t t-)e f= a l ~=~rrn.~z~;.t ~~ r~~uct t)c:~nc~e exues a ivP neat ink ~:)f r_. he eLertrode:~ dur ng tYlE= e7_ec-~t::r~,=:)de ~:)r:w~reat phase, as well ~x~ iZi.gYr dam,~)v_rnc~ ~~af t.~'u~ r Nscan~r~t t-:> r r~~_ai.t c°~c.~r'icrr~ t.hE~ ic~nl.t:ion ;v.nd operat. iry ~yY~<rs~:-> . Tlw c r ~ ~::vu r t- a ; ~tc~~;cr- zL~e~3 ope;: at es even if a-r lame ele~tr-ude l,~x=: faile<~3, f<.}c- ;=a~.atople is broken; since tine r: ~~s~:)nnrnt ~ i r: cvc~ i t, i ~~ ~ac:at i~r~t k,,..r..~a~,a.~~ci t)y t..i~e rtef~~ot ive 'Lanup F' Lest: rc)c: a .
For saf et y = ~asor~s , ar)~-t ur-)c~er >ome r_.ondit~ ions , it i.s ~.rrlde;aared to pPrrciit ti-~o Lans.~> t:c~ :~t::ar,.l.: a,rlca trim to cape rate with ~i brwoker-i .f i. 7.a~7iEr~j , ~s i s o~r~ i. t cu;_c~~~ J kaa~ i t. 37 ~~~;c~ess i.v~~~ beat lrvc~ of ?0 c~c)mporlerrts of tine lamp, ,~;:~ well .~s ~:,E_,ss~t~le aestruc-tion of.
the wyer-at iaq c i l~r~i.a ii .
'THE I1VVENTIOIN
It is ~~n ob~ec~t tc, ~arc~L~iue .~, a i.r~ruit to <,perate ore ~'>r:' rl~Gr.~, li:)WwL~>r'E?s;a~lt i-? t:~ r:~~;"r~cit '~~p? R a=~rrl;~~.'-.~
, øa :;~~~'t":Ld~ll l~ ~'t:)mpc,~c"'t' f 1. t~.()T'E'St~:~'1l1- ~,c~Cl!'~.~'i car"IC.,a Il! 1 C°) i cat:
r.l;C"F::' t. ~i l1r 1 ~;~;-it.,rxj'tk- 1.flTTl~)~s , Wl-I 1c,'."rl LJ1 ~ ~
rnot openata upon re-ernera.:~ i. ~ at i<:)ru ; wh:en ~cr=~ elect rode f 1 lament lugs fa:i..Lec~.
a781~-4I
216a3U9 ;v.4 r. 1 C~ t" ~ '~ , N I'1 ~l C~ a-1 ~ ~ ~;; 1 '-> f c i t'..t ~, , ; ~ f,~
... . ~: :~ C' C" Lt ~_ t; j:a ~ t: rl provided whic:.h c:°ut.apl.i~~; t:ti~ ~~'cat~Ttt.rc:i~.
°l.r.c.~~lit tc~r. tx~c~ oscillation nirctzit, incorporated 3r, trtc=~ i.t~~lF:~rtc~.r , ~. ~ t:Yte sotzrwt:~e o.f energy. This t;ic~h-re:-a:kst~znre c::k.c~;~tt t pat=rt.ncludes the f i lament s of tt~ a a i ect: c rider-:, at f t i to a~rnp cir lamps . Thus f upon f,~ i lures of arty one oi= 1:: tt~~ t .i 7.arrter'tt s of r:: he elect codes of the l~,=irtl~7, C;)T l~:lrtlpfi;, ~~t~a t::~....C~ ~:':CI-t~l.k~.k: ~yclt,i-E wa ~,1. t~E3 iI'tterlLZpted, 1' l'ler.'aiJy dl.Sar).17..r1F:~ t; ti Ca ~'~ ~1~",L i :~~lt' 1 ~:rt't G
~':>r7t r~:)~. ;,i'x'Ct.lit ~3r"td L~1'7E? nr°
t110 rFWSe1'fi:l.C:'.C>Cld_tIC:'t; C3 l' <~' 1 'I' ( "t t 1't; rc? ].faritk'~r 1t, 4., t,' ~'tk:? a r:?C)'J' . ~~:.~ ~ ~::.>C7r'r c1~3 c~perrat.jrig enet°gy s r"enlc:,veci t'rr>ctt t't~~ c,~i.c..r~uit, the invert-=r wi 1. ~ f a i l t o ~t s C~ t. l l a t ~~ ~ l~ v~ w i 7. v. ri c.a t n t: <a.
t t:; a n ym o r a i n osr_ j. llat ion, even i f. the cj~~erat: ing energy i.s reestabl fished, sirtce there will be r-ic:> r_ontr-o3. s~.gnal. tc~ the inverter r_ir~.uit ctll~J1'n 0ra .
In yer~l~eal, trm~ iilamertt<.; z:rf t2ie alestrodes of trte fl.uc5resc~ertt Lam~>:~ ~,ar~~ :intecsra.tecr :i.r~zk ~.i rkce Ytic~ri--r°esi:.tance d-c ~~ i r"ct_k i.t . Mc~z: r. ~ liarx crwtEA st.zc"rt r,::1 1 ~:~tz i ~,: ~~
mc~s~r ~~e prc:ivic:ted . Llr'tder.' ruormal_ operation, anc:; ~,:sc:.C>rt ~t~; tr"r~~ st.y:aply valtagk-~
i.tt,zrned ON, the high-t es:kstnnr-~e ,.~-..c~ pf:zth en~t~:ltw~<:~ tl-iat: tYte <-ontro=
circuit far tha invert.Nr tr>r~c-v_; toe:-> ~~c~t.. tare, c..ausi.nc~ trta lnvertar t::o oscillate. 'rrie lamp elec.,tew~ci~~;, ;:yp C~ally fcir~med as cVc~iled t' 1_lcintGrltS, dr°t~' sc:? t:.'r_)tlltE '?_ f'C5 1i'tk Ct:fl~-: t~J-a' t:'3 r'C'.Lt~.t pclhrl t:~"tcit-: , ~f t3tly' Uf triE? lc~tll~w~ 9:1t k-~i-3~:;~i ~r:klE~ T'tC?
t)Clf' t- I l:~t'i~t~t t:. 1l1"VC='rtl~Z' G.r7.11 lc:~rvc~~;r:a1.~~r't~ t~.:m~;,~~~~'~.arei,, ~-~~~;k!~r C~.~~r-'carit-iec:~'ti.:.rl...n.,i~r ~t tt rvrc~e~rtl~ecvr Nci ~~rn:t Gicyr~:ik',ypa , 'T'~u!:~ :tt ~~ c~-c:~
rE i~ ;l n r:~~~~.t c;iii._ r-w~a i.st ari,:e 1 ~~~z t: h r~ a<:~ c-! t...c ; ~ t- ,~, t.' ~> r r" c::~t z i t ~ ~; a c k. .~, g- f:, w a l a Ll t~:3 i t t c.,, t r i <:, a 1 :i_ .
t.;
eri Oi i~:~ c~.nrnp~~tmruat-: t kv~.a F.sul~ i. ber e~.t ~; , -~t t; Pt x a ~ i~c:~t.zit ;:van rC
~alacedwithin t:ite t~as~-~ ac::mpact: t~ l.t.n_>rescent ~:~f a lamp.
y f' 7 :~ 1 :3 - 41 216Q~0~
t.rc7w-~rf~5:~ar~r~ c i:atvlrrt.c.~~~, l~.~rcwt,;.r r-t~,c...~;it~ra:f't:ar-~clx- sr!cart ~~.UOT~-C.~'SC".~?t71,: ~.crmE:7S'r dC~~" i:.~l..lc~~ ~..,, >i;l~'~',',C t~C~, A.r,')tll t:l-'tv.' llefi:~eJOr:'~C
supply i.et~roin~~ l.=-~ . Tl- r ,,t..,:, ,r.-~'~ ~,:,E t, ~" ~ i ta:_it=r :i:-> rw<~t i fv ieci, tc>
supply enercJS~ i;t-~ t:hle vrl~rc:=r,i .~r , ~'.y~~~=v~:tay; rl~r;, ~znvr~~fierw are ~!c'~1~-k~7L' Ct:~(~E? C:.'fjCll L c_7 t lE'~'l .ska!'fla '4;71~1C~ilr,t'.i:;T
? C'l~,x ~~t:'t;t: r_,~i ~'ltlv3 r71~ Orit? CJ1.
1'1lCOrE!, lf' rilOt..~r ~j~,Z~~tlF:~~ C."t:itZ lte:'~1 ~t:~r r.i"
t_r'L;1'~)Llt' t'".Lf"t~,L1L1'';; In ~,thi.ch tlae fi-l.r <ar r»_>tv=alt. l.rtu~~ ~r l aw3it~:~; m~ k::f ~_ i t,at:~t; iii ~:~r_r:t i y i.nte~rat:ec_i. Tf t~lr,:r i.r~~.~=~r't:r,T ~r~~l; rme;~ 4 ~~ =; r~gle :(yi'~' c~,utput airc:Lril; In wl-Iv.c:ra t_)rs<< ~>7:- ritoi._ ~_>~r~<3.~.L~~
a:~.pEarlc~t.'~t.ec:~ ~lvaorescent 1fJ J.<~mp:=, ar"e cotvrlec~teci; t~u=~nr 1~ '~=~~=Ear~~~=1~:,, rt-~~=cit'~~uii-: ~~a~~ only a ,t:irig'1a lil.t~Z.r._r~~,:.5t~7ru_~~ ,1._.t::~ I~t~":1:!. "~:1:,~=, ~1--iv pc~.i~h r:onnacts, f_or exanrpl.e, i;he pc~slt 1 °ae t ~~t.t.~ L ml i r:~',f ~~ _ ~....,.-,.
~c,ur<:°e, 1_or example 1~Z-rte ~L~t:~>ut: frcaarv 1_r-m> L~:,,~.'.i~im~~..7 w~tiu ttGe :~c>ntr~c~~.
c~a.~c.:~.zlt: c)f the inverter, t:h1= d._c ~,ai y, cr:cl zc_litit:;1 ti~cc ~erl.al l.y c~r_~rrn~=c~:ed fal.atlielts c7f_ i;.tu~ ~~~ltac~r r,)cae=~ t,a t:~L.~H~ f iar::r ._;<:wrlt tarn~~s. LJfaorr Lxr'eak~tgF~ ;:~F arly c~tl~- c~C t 1-u-:~ i~ ~ t.~i~ii=aini:;;.:, , t f~~= t-n.c~h tws i stance d-c-~
pai<iu i.s ixtt:et rwt>1:,~:cl, ,:jmi t:tip ~t ~~,,~1:~~=c c.~<~~~u rm~
Lone;er bec~i.r1 tc~
c:jsci ll.ata ~ahera 1 t..e st.a~.,~,ttz~ v.>; P:~~,.~~ i. v ~,ee~tabl i.slrled, after d:l_sCOrlrlE'Ct J.C7Ti i0 'l~'riE1 irlv,~~r.t~r~ zia~~y ~~l.~~fe <-,. ~~17;~'r~ali.t.y <vlf par~~r11a7.
cc)nnected hC oui-pu!v c°ir~Lyats, whd~_~t' K-ut:e ~:~unnec.ted to one or tl~ore~ 5ar~i~tlly c.~,rartactad. f l~a~.~~ ~?~;d~~-~rlt _~utn~:.~~-~ -Ire :-~7i~~1~'a ~~ cl.rc~Ltit ~=l.rCc~rtC~f-'.metll:, i~3:3 119t?xiy r_t .. !~"'t1:'~°Ll~t :.rcitJi;::; t.ic; f;t"lerh i'-1rC' :tJ(~~ C)Llt~Lit cvirc~.ait~> ~~t.e t.~r ~:efer ab1 ~~ ~:7r'm,rtt.l~~i:~, h'~,~t~Lr ~rrE~ ~:=f .t:i~te hicxt~-tesi.st:arut:e c~-c' t~cnt;tm tp,;,,,., tl=t~ :_:=~~ ~9.", ~~ jt-~~rri.L ~:~F
Lamp lei lerlnents <~c~t-.rm ~l..~e1 i,.~ 3ve ~ ,.:;raw i<-~i.t~=e'I
~k:==~peuti..vr~ Ire:" cut:puf t°ir~cul_1: of ti~~~ l~J,r~.7rFa~rr~r~r'ri: l;triyl :;,r La-~r~rl~.~;~;, 'T'hye higx~'~-resistance ii-~;~ ~:.~~ci..Ots, t.tiEan, nl~~y :~;t,.,i-.L, ,: r,.~z~i 1 ~-,>~.
c.r;~~<~n)t:~l~:: 1_he ~lo;>:it-ive 2713:13-41 2160~fl.9 t:erminai ,~f i~x~e r~-~ sl:xp~>) y; r:~r:~;~r~Tw~:=c::°t ~,a t.; t~.e input c,f arE ANL)--gate, tr~m ~~utput oi: vrbit:.h" t..f.~ tmu_~, i,~ c:~r~neE.~:ted tc~ tYrF~
oc>nt:ral circLT:;rt r->f tYu~ i;rv~rt;k-~~ . 'T1;~.~ terr~~rre~ that: upc~r~
ir~terrupti.,.:m of and c:~r~e trf i::i-m. ~t.r. ~F;:~~-il~-,. far example due to a det=ecai.ve lamp ~~ -es.~tr-ctdke, tkvr~ trn~arert,-~r: ,:anrecW: starwt. to c>~_ai 1 l.ai:e ~ahe~r k~~r~:ir-Eg rw~~rr-,r~e,~r ~ca t~' .r ;_c r.arr~e at elE,c~tr°ical ~~ruer gy , C~RAWIIVG
~'i~i. i i:~; a i-~~<~t~ly ~.;rri~xrnar i::~ c.~rac~rarn cat the airruit 1~? ~n, t-TC~c~r~r~darme wlttz t;-~r. l:~re~erni: zrtr~er~~ l.cnr ;
c~ma.tt.ir~g alb Eelemerit~~ nat riec~~~1>:_;ar~x fc:>r~ :3ur raru~Er~,t::arrcAinc~ c~f t.tne present i r~verrt: 1 on ~~ic~. ',' i.t, a s,:-~i-iemat :? c~ a~ic~cir ,urn t,:, ape rate t-~ac~
~arially K~anna~tEac,~.flr.xt~c a~~nvpr..
rb.~;,~..~.r::
~'~.C~, v ;'d ~ _'~3~'rTi~t::~::~i.~:dfFi..f::;~0.~ t[7 3 7 t.t a1)er"~~tE t-; WO
~:r~ r a l lf'.i.;:."t)rlTlE,'r.t::)= 14..~v ~~,~T~Apc, , F'd E::~r a-lt-, Fic~. 4 ~; a ~a:~2ver~rr~*.t,~~" ~r~,tcu.rr,atu~t: r~nare 1 detailed, diagram of the ,_vuit ~.t rravt~:r~~ lt.Ae_.heated c:ir~ Fic~, t lamp elect .rc:~cie~ f r~ee lye ~" i nc,x v~.rrvert er..
a arnc~ ~ c:~~._~ i r~~:~deT: current a l 20 feedbar,k ~antra:l, atart~=d by arr~ ,.~~ ~ ~aIRC;, rne ~'i.g. '; i.~; Gr ~;r:°tzem,~t ic-.° c~tir3,~rrarra ;1: a ~l~.ria~Nr;c.~ent lamp c.~ i rcwi.t havirvc~ r~ lec~t r ~adH~-> t r~mEi: ,m ~ of a! ~:.r ~apueat Ed arvc:~ ~ o> ing a treEly c»cA_i.lJ.atir~r~ iruv~~ot.c.n ~_r~rc~~-~~ ,~,,t-~...~,~-~i fec..o~b~.rc~k c,c~rrtrc~l wi-truotrt start:i_n<:~ z:y~ ~~ '~~I:At,,, ~rrac~i Fic~. a i~ a :: ~.r~~.a:i.t: ~,-;r~ a ,:c:arry.ak=r,~fi. tvli.raT~a~c~E~rat lamp ref abcaLat: ?.3 W T~,,~nrircal ra~i. inch t~r~rw ,:~1;»~r°.~_rt, vi~~T2 tT,~>rn a rv~er~aark valtHge at ai>c:>ut: 1 ~?c~ Vii'.
:?7i313-4-i 21G03n~
ue f a r r.'- i nct f i r s t t; ca.!-F i c~~........t.,.~.
An inverter whz.r.h inr°a.ades twc~ firansistors T10, TLl;
for example Mc~Sff~ATs, i~ ~c~r~rrNc~t~k,.t i.r..c for rv c~f a Malt:-bridge r_.irruit, energized by a ~~1~-c Scat:~rc:~e, ~;4hematically indicated by plus; and rnin~..ts ~ymx~~l::::. TI~7~~ ~rvrtertc~s: t_<, c~c:~ntrollert irW:i:~
<asc i 1. lat i oc-r by a cc;mt rcz 1. ~ i rc~~.a i t- ~','i' n . =~'t-;e ,.common c-~onnect t. on M1 c.~f t;.~7e bra l.. f:-k~~t: ac~g~~ t rwrc~r t;,:~r: i i_~r roe~.a Y~,; t tans j..st.or ~, T10 j T11 :i.~; c°ouapled tcv are L~t" c"~t~~u.ut c-.-Cr.~aivifi t~,:;~r~Itic::~c_t by ,~apacltor. Ca.~ and 1C i r~duc..°.t ance L1 . 'fhe LCp a l.Nmel-tt s icsrrn a r esonant cir~c~_tit . The t-e~r_~rranc~e c:~~p~ac_ut c:ar.. ,~'~.1 1~ ~..c:iaolm;~t ec:t h:; cu t he z~esor~Iar~c~e nductance L1 and to t-he positive terminal of the d-r_ energy rourc:e, The ,,t~,cv.zl.'t ~r7.~=s~:~ r7~~l.a.ad~~~ ~.r <::cnccp:l.:i.n<yt c"apac~i.tor C':~~3 ~,thich is ~~~onrlected both tcthe tiegat: ~.vP t er~rninal of the energy rr.; c~ a r ~ a an<~ t: c~ a ~N i.a ~..~ r~ t ~ c. r ~ F'~ ~. , rt r i ~:t t:
tv rr r i t: t ~ r: caragl7. a t: a :=, i s t.: o r' R 1. 0 to the positive t.ermirial ef toe r~-cv et~Iergy source. Thp l~w-~~resst.al: a d tscYr~r:c~s~e~ l~~rnp t~t= t , r; yi~v r"w~~ I G A,r ~:c f.
:Lvlc.~resc,er~.t latnpr a.s c.~onnec:ted betwef~Ii ~iunc~t l.c::~r;s A t ar~:~ A? . Tt.rnct ion A~' is formed x:~~y tY-re ~utt<;t. as>i~ k:~et,~aeerG c:~aparwt.i-.r?r ;':1 :7.
al~ac°~ t..I~dr.zc,tanc.e L:L .
The a lest rctate~ ~ Y ~r , E 1 k ev t tr,ua lamp LP1 a re f ~~.dlTlentS c~I'1C~ hc~t~"~-'. ~c!C~'1; t~,~7~) E='lt~~tY-:~.Ccla t:eLnlinals, 3s appears frorr~ Fic~. 1, C~rora ~,errriii.I~::u~. c7f f:i.l.amc~r~t~4, Fl.t't, Ell..
1~; c:onrtec't-ed, respect:.veay, to the iuhrc.~ti=gin;; ~5arrca A~ . 'Che second t:c~rnuirials of. the 1'j.l.arc~e at ~~, ~_~;~, ~2 ; arwc=~, respect ively connected to a terminal coif the if~nit_ ic:in capacitor c,12, and to respective term nals c:~f a par~a:llt~l r~c:~t-rnec~ted capacitor R11 ; sa that both the igrrit iort c.wpa,::_..tor c~'1 ~~ a:.: ;fel l as the resistor _.
27813-~:C
21603~~
F'l. 1 a r E=~ ccmtr-tE~c:t- uac~ v t~a ~:r<a a:a L 'L ~-a ' t ~ ~ ~~ 1~~, ~.:~ i ~, .~°rr~t rcii~ 1_~ctt 1°a cvf t'1-ae j arnp I:P3. .
in ar~cc:uc-lan~_e wit! a feattrr~e c~f the invention, an ohmic galvanic: l~~lgtr-t~F~:_ i:.ta~ac;r~ L~~:itl~ ra r~_rrr~ecl by an add iti.onai t: as i st c7 x' R1 ? r.~ah :~. c°L~~ i ~~ ~~~:~rnnE~, t a~~;1 1 c.~ .1 tatac.t L~}r~ F~ "~3 acrd rranca 't o the cent et, termi.rral HIl t:~etweE~z~ t=an:~~stors T10, T11 and the irtductancc~ Lal arrcl, W _tt t Laer°, ~:.o~~upl~el t~~ tYm c:c~r~ata o=~ c~ir~uuit ST1.
Basic Opet~ation:_ ~.0 Assume lamp LF~1 i_, an raoa~n~a~ o~~erating condition:
'I'he half-lat~ic~ge it'm-art:er. ~t'1.'~)r 'T:L ; ewl.. l ~ ;;i':art, to osr~i:a.late as soon as a c:orwn.ec:~tir~t~r r,~:> tP~~= otne~:-,_~yr ~~k:3gypl,~,~~ pltG~, a.rt.d rrti.nus i;
establ fished. By resonant vf:~l tac~~. entsancement at ignit ion capacitor C'l~, t:lae tzec:es~_ary~;r lgt..i~_t:t.r~r: ~roltage will be avat.laY~le fic:a.r j.c.fnit:i.or~. raf~ tlt~~ 1.~:~ttup 1,I~1., ,-~nr_1 the larxup will Eire without pr'ehef~t i t~tc~ ;~f t.1 ~~a 1 wtty::v w . ~~~,_~t ,.cael~r a .
fta..xrv_nr~ r,perat iorv r a high-frequency altE?C'tlcit.izy c~a_orr~=rt wi1 L flow between the ~urtc>rions Ni1 ar.ad A2 over t:l~a~~ cli.;~c:1-uat.e.t~, ptitl~a c:af the lamp.
Typically, tl~i~; h.ig3r-fr~c-~gt.t~m,_:~~~ ~;~ax~r:eret t~a~~~ a fx~Fac~~t..tet~awy in ttm 20 range of between, ~rbout: .< Cv ktlt: t:fo '1~C2 ~~:Ha, A~, seem in Fig. 7.
, the resonant ~_,ix~cu;.t L,l; C1_~ wily form a closed c~zrcuit even if lamp L~~ gY~ca~a.:lc9 brs rrm ~~.l.~a~~, ~ ~ car c,~ 1 la,~ 'L,~atry7 ~.>lFe~t r ~~des are nn:at integrat:er~. :irt ttaH c ~c:a;a~.:attt ~ :, ~::°trit:. ~'L~a 12a~_.f.-x:~rt..dge znverter, thus, r:cu..c~ prca~at.atE, cap~,r-at: ~arg ~,r;oltage even i.f the la.:cnp were nti5sing, car cl~,t~~,~~:t i~~~c>
~.~,.~erat::iotz in ac:c:r~r:c~~urur.:~.~rii tr t;,l~Ee._.a.rwv~atyt;~~a,aY, The d-,: pat ha, rw~~:l ~;tc~r ~l.t:: - ~_3.ament F17 -resistor R11 - f ilaroent: ii, 1. t) - reC;onat~cYe t.nductanc°e i~l -~'7~1.3-41 2~so3o~
resistoz~ Rl a:r rrl c~alv';ao:ls.:;:~7 3 ~ ~-t. ,:: ~ ~ ~rur°m ~tec_~
in per :i_casA fc>rmr a d-r: ec~nrZectir~rn bet~~,,~.r~ ~.ir4, ~,,c~=~.ft;:i_v,.u~ t~.~~Crrci.r'ra:C
caf d: he energy supply scai..ar'ee arid tl~e it°~put, t-c:, ~:r,ca ,~-wr°i1 Lrat l.avci.~ c~cant;.r~ca.i. .r.:irc:uit ~'~T1. ~~ftecv tle ~i_yjpa.y c.°ircvk_ril i:~ c-~r;e~~gi:~eca, eupply of contrel signals orw cont~ol ~,rn>rf~rc~r~- t:r; °rPu? ,~r;s..~tc-c;:Pl ~;y;teri~ S'.1'1 will be c:,ver tlwae ca....c. ~,at:h , t,;a pFyr snit: cr~;~ i l a.at i orn. c~f t lre had f--xaric~ge lrsvet~tar 1.r°rclr~d:ir.xc~ tr.~~~ra ;i_st.~rrw~~c 'T:1 C), "1;'I a. .
7-t, i.iv cy.~eraticau, carne of the f ;i l.ailner~rt ~ ~l~r~::,~.Wca ~:,~, ~.,"~~ie , t i m~ 1.
~~~m~::, wi 11 Cc:7nt: inue t o opervate ~rric:~ the rrvert:c-.r , ~~~r~cYE!,~ "-;r ~-rut ~~c:l, ,,ai a.l c:~orrtincae t,~~
l~ ~.1'COV~t~r-! d--c::'" :~r_~~J~.l.~j ',rC;r~.'i,'c':i.~e ~,.:~, t~lie ~.c~ITt~:~, ~-JC~w~?'VeL', ~i~ 6ca~ar'1 ~~t~
tare ener. gy ~;tdpp l Y ~.~ t;!ar r,ec:~ r:,~F"h, r~,.=w r e~~ar-,c~rgi.;~at;
icau of tlm energy Sup~:~lY wa:l.:1 vot ~:~erm .t tir~~ i_r:m~Hr,t,a~ to c.~cammenc:'e c:r.s~:~iflata_r~g, avr~.c:N t. r«: ,g_.:.. ~>r~thn k c:~ ~a.~c-wa r,~.;~-.~illat:Lc~n tvc~rrtrc~l c:~i _rcnit STl i;a inrtec~rrrpte~. P~~cr ~.~n:olt.~c~e c~.ril1 use ~~tpplied to thN control circuit ~'i" , thtm~ i.rvtua.~:~xt::irig true acme"rtLr tran~i~tors T10, TI1. f~wsnu br.yinruir,.rck: c:: ra:;>~~illate. ~~f course, if tlve larrcp shoul~.~ k:or K_varrcov~~c_~ fr=_.,ri~ t-~...~.~, v ircu.~i.t;, again, tYuc irn~rerter c:oulci rcpt: ~_,tar,t ~~porc r:eY=..r~,zr,.i:gi.2x:3Lic~ra.
T'he irmer~t :i.~:.~cn i;~ E~cicE,~r7.1 y r~pi~l rc::t=~kv:l.e fc~r a plural ity ~0 of low-pressure disc~x~atc~e ;l_~:~rirpe. ei'1~1. ~ il:luetrate5 appl ic:at ion of tYlr? invent: isar: t s~ .-- <:° i. c.
~°°rra t I~~aving t:wo fluorescent: larr~ps t.~''<<'~, L.~;?.~ . w~..~i,:~~l~~i~e 4yet icily c:c~nnected and wln c:r~, also, have a piel.cF,c~t:~rfci ,~.~~..c.;,r:i_t_ t~.fr t:hN
respective a leca r odes; .
The airG::u3..t ~:_~f Ftcr. ~' 1:~ar i:.~~o ~' iel.cl effecvt:
tzansistQrs (FETs~ 'I'2(~ T;-°1 marmc-c:~t:~=.:~ i~u at..l irmert.er circuit, sr_rpplied from a suuxc,e c:,.f_ c~-c: erver'e~y~ ar~~::~ cvcantrolled to osc~ i 1 tat a by ar: c~~~c: i. l lat lr~c~ a~<_rrn° r ~o i :°
~_ r:u.:vr it STS . The cent er ?77.3--91 21603x9 ~it.rrrct ion M2 of tine irrver-..Ler , irrc: ~.Luc~i,..r~x ' tm transistcr~
1'~.'i:>, 'Ca?l., i.s ~~onr~er~tect, cw~~r. .~~r~ L,(' u~~t_pv~ c::?~i.~:~nLt t~xiruugtl a ~caupl ing capac.a t a.~r (~'~;~', . 7.'Y~E:~ ~:~c.ay',i i.~ua c:~
r~:~ac:~it:ar r:~~) i:, ~~canrnec:~ted tc=~ tvYie rr:y~coc~~~n<~N ~r,c.9isc5t:s:rrs4:,-, ~..,;;-"r.>, elec~t'rcrr:ie f~i.lament E~!.3 (~f f.lttare;-~c:'er~t. ).azst~~ Z.,E~.''~i, r~~~r7n~.~,r(.~(~
taapac~.t~r t"21, elec.:t rode f i lanuer~rt E~~~ c:~f t he f 3...m~r Nscernt: Iamp LP~O, and knack tco the positive l::er'rnirrnl erf t)-mr a~~-(v ;caurr~e.
In acct:>r-~larw~~e ~~_tf~ a te~rt,;e...e t',~ the present i.rrverat:ic~n, a d._. p~~tlc ~:~; i~rr-osxf.cleE:a: p ~v~~:~t ~.ve t::ervrTii.rwul c~f t.lue 1..0 c_t._.,~ ~c:,l.ar-ra - tk~a alacv::rc:~a:~a iilan~c~r~rt E~a~ raf t)~a i.aw--pra~sv,tra <:,i~.=~c.~Ylar'ge .alnl:~ LP'?() - r~~>l~,t<,r...4:; T~~~.7. R4~f..
eiectroc::de ft lament E27. of low-~pr-eseitre disch~~~ry a lamp 1~~~'?() _ Inductance I~?.l , i.rrductively c:syu.ed tc~ Y.Yvr'~ re~~.~nant~c= i.rrctuc~taruce L20 - the f i laments of a lest: rc~~c~e E~W ~f t tie l Gl~a--pry--ssrare discharge lamp LF~4Z ~- i'e~-"m~.~t.(.7r.':a ~'1'i~ c.iC'ri:~ '~'~,'~~ _. t~3~' l t.).~c:lTla'r.It: iJf ~1~.'r:'.'tC(~(~f' E~~
<>f tree lc~~.~-pre~,~~ar.,~~ c3:l..s=~v)-rargc-~a :l anyh 7 r~~:L ..
~e~~onanc~~ inc~uc~tance Lair -- rast.:~tc,c. 9~a7c,.') tc~ t.u.E3, irti~ut. c~f ':tray ~.~~<:;illation corntrr.~.).
c'i t.-c~uit ST2 .
The circ:lzit, fl_rrther'f inc:.i~_rdes a capacitt.~r C23 wluich 20 is corunected to the negative rer~rninc~t. c~f the c~-c sour re and further to trrE~ rescanarice irWxc~tarce .~'i:~, and tc~ ~n~-~ terminal (:rf the t= i Lament c>f e~ f~c~ ~v a ~~~c~x~ E:' ~) Eb bre~~t: arng ~.~.apac.4 t ~ar ~'~'.:? , t o g a t h a r. w i t t s t )~A ~~ ~ I ce c: ~ t ,. t;_>c~ ~, t= :~. 1 G s r ~ F!~ r~t t :~; F~ s' 1 , E <~ ~? a rl d t tl, c::
;ercc~r~(:~arwy tat_nda.rxc.) L,27 , Y~~r.n~:=~ s.~ rv~c:o~~3r::~ r-r-crv n~ir:r.:ra.f.t, at~c~~
L:~r'ovi des f_ car pra?oe~at irac~ ~:~f t)m;~ t <=rn'y -:-x ~.er~t t'~:idc~s E2L ; E?2 ~y high-frequency al.terruat. inc; c~i.mrw~-rat ; indr.:ced in the secondary winding I~~~l..
27t31~- 41 21G~3~9 If, due to eralfzzrrct.if3n f~~,~~ pxaampJ_e, tt~Tere is failure of .any one of t?ie fi i a.~~n,eT~rt..-, cv,f t xre ~~mp elect roles F20; X21 ;
F;~2.f F23, then, tr1 e~,r.~:xc 1-c~d1'O"~° d~tit:'o t~,11~-~
~nVantl_C~r'~, fihe ~-..c.
c~rarmect icar~ t<a fi:xn=~ ;vot~trc,~.O ~ ~ rwc~~.ca t~ ~~f' ~rv l l x~e i.rrter.-rupted; anus x_.c,r'rewec~ reconmer~~.~~srr ~:>i~ j-irr:,~ ;~x.y~~:Fl~a ~a~ltt~~(e aC:
ter~rrn:lnals plt.zs <~rcd mj.nus wi i'3_ prevet~r r~~5c: ~ y. J~~t t ~:v.~r3 ;:,t t t~r~ i.nvervt er' which .Lrtc:Judes the trcctusist:vr:~ Ta:C~, 'E.'.'-'1 =
Fig. 3 illu!~trat~>s ttze pri~-rc~ipip of the present >nvention for two parallel conntei~tec:l lc>w-pressure discharge I i~ 1 Hnl~?~ , IaP30 , Z~F31 .
The tn~a:l.f-~~r:iclgc~:~ ir~~vc::~rt:eT eau<:,~li~c~e:~ twca FFTs T30, T31, r.:oni.rollec~ tca c~s<:°i:i lar ac:~r-f ~~y c,.trv ,::~~;c~.1. 11.~~t :ior~ c~ontr~al clrctz~it:
~T3. TfTa carul~a~. ~un~'~t:ic:rr~ M~ c:nt= i:ha Ui~~itE.-~rt:c~r' T3CJ, 'J"31. i.s ~~annected to two par'a lei L.~' ~aiat~g~ut: ~1T-re_iits, arue ~:nr eacin one c>f' the f luurescaT.it. larr~~~:; LF3U, J.p1 . 'fl~N f ir'st LC output c_ j rc;uit incllrdes a con~ol lt'y aapac:°iti_>~ C:'TC), the resonance ~nduct:aace L.O, art~~I capa~°itat,s z.':~~:, sy:3:-~,.
whi.c°:tt, effectiveJ.y, a=ire operat ing in para ll~al . Tt'te f 7.oorr,asc-ent J.azr~p LF'3t7 is c°c: ->nr~c~r~'t:ed i.n ~'aar.~~Tllel t,:c tlr~J r~~y~:::t~ttr~;.~ca ,,cipaci.~t.~r;~ t"32, G3~.
Ttte ser~c~rac~ l,c~' ca~_rt ~.7rak:v c°:i r_ eaa ll::: ~ rtc: ~.ucles thE~ ccaozpl ir~g cwapac~t:car x'31 ,. ~~tte.~ rep>c~t'zarac.;~=~ L.cn~.~ttcv ~ar~<~~:~
L,.'31arid thcr effectively parallel. c°e~r'mmetec~l r-e~survarm°.c.~
c~:apacitor~5 X34, C::35.
Ttve second fluo_esc_er~t 7.atn~v L~="=3I_ i~ r_~ornt:ec:l:ec.I in p~cra11e1 to t rye resonance capac:: it ors= ~~ 34 , In acc~c:3rcianc°P ia~tn .~ f~aafia.t...~, <~f tt~a i.nverTtion, an AND-gate t1 is p-rc,vided, ~:he «r.tt'~urt ,aF~ wtvic-tv is conrxectec~ to th.e i_nptzt; of thc~ ~~~sa: a.l 1<:~fi:: a ~>rz r~,-,zrt, rml ,::v r f "l.t.i t ST3 . The in~zut t: a t:he AND--c~~at a tJ i r, c:~c:.nr'trrea~k-erg t :r t t~~ r tv j c~t.i_ z.~~ istarcc~e d-c::
J ~~ _ ~7 f~ 13-4:1 patrisr raYlir~h ~~ra3 ccjnni~c t ~:~ca. ~r~~tw~aals t 7~E~~a tv~rs.st; the terminal r_~f trle cut: rent s~.zppi_y sorarc~N ~n°r ar:lry:aoe' t cs thø~ ANP-gate 11. The first high-resi:~tarle:e d-c~~ pxr:~-r iru.;~l.Lrc~es: the filarrrent of Fal.ectrade ~3C~~ a:~ ~=rrt~~~ I!e::3C~ ,..,~,y~~;c,, .~ ~~:34, R:35 ~~,~r~nected in parallel t;c~ the carpacitr:~r- C3~i an~~i t:.c:~ tt~E~ d:tscvharc~e path of l amp LP 0 - tPte f i lamrer~~_ cpf a lec~t r adt= E~~1 - t:tne resonance ~radac,t:az-IC~a L:~C) ... ~~I~rn.r.,~t lKari A4 . r ~~:~.1~°r r~x.
~.~r'~f3 -- :7onct iK~n A~i -c~t~e input to AND-gate L1. Jart~:~t i°_3r~c A4 ire also connected thrwrtrc~tv capac:°j.t.;.:7r ~:.':~C) t t°b tt~;.z ,:.erq. ~~.6 1~_arlc~"t ~.ura MB D
LCJ Thc~ ,t::,c~orrd z-~.ic~ks._r ;,..v~r:rr~ar-~~ ct_..~::~ ~:»t2i i;~
f~~~rmed key:
the filament of electrade E3<~ c~.f lant~r LF'31 - resistors R36, F~:3'' cc>nnectect in ~~~aral l~l. t r ;:::~al:~f:rsv l.ti:~Iw c:.',~.5 and ~,o the discharge pat Ys of lamf:, fi..,F~':~7 . t.rr4rs FA.~~crr~tarst ,oaf el.Eactroc~~~ ~~3 -resonance inductance L~:3I - aLtnct ian A'a - resistor R3:? -~Lanct ion A a~ _. arrot:hler:w ir.rF,var. t r:;~ ~lsfa-..~~r .fi.~, ~.) , ,.3~.rr~Ic-.t: ic~r~ T~~~ j.~;
connected thrau~.lh c-apa ~.t:c~~r~ ,x'31, t:..:° i,..~ri~~ttc~n M3r so that the c.~auplinc t~apacis:r~,E- c:.".:.=tl ~_; ;~ .t-:i a:l ~ i r,t e~,s...at ec~i with t.lne t= t_? S a r'l i3. n C° P ~. I-Id t~l C t: r~ r~l C: t~' i ~ ". , ~' t 1 F! ~ E-~ ~ i ~.. I ~:: ? : ~ r S ~ :. i ~ , R ~~ .'.'~ <:~ .C" f~ , rwespectively, cc~rsl~ected ~?etl.~eer~~ the' j~_mclr.ians A6, anc~ A7, and ?Cr then to the rre~g~at aGr~~ fi,~~-tre~..rvGc2 raf tr~t~~ ~~.1--r ener-gy s~zyp~y soLZt~ce.
Jaaroct cans F'sF ~ A'.~ fcyr.~rr~ l:.iux ~ ~~,~mGt 5 t;~:r r:hn~ ~~Nha.-c~~It.rf ~.1"
operation, circuit of Fic~.3:
Llpc_~r~ f=rricn L~i..~ ~t ~ :;~r, fi;Ya:~t i~a, ~.~~:ar.Inec.-t rlcal:P a~:
the eruer~Y
~or~rr"re a.t terrr~j.rsal~ pl.~.v~ ar-It~ rrli.r~~.o:~, tt~ra q::wr~.r ~>ara7.lE~1 cannec~ted d-c paths arid tine AND-gate CJ fc}rr,-a y-.c. ~;t.Ipp3.y connection ~JE.'tWeelM t~'lE' ~~f:n3.1'L 1V'4~ C::t?t'rrll.ttr:3l. ~'~7h. r:P"lw:~
~'r'1N~'t:~y ~iaLlI°ai:a arld t.~'li°
control c:i.rcLri.t ~T3, caa ~~a.rss.,t the i.rr.~r~=~rtefi- tnrl.trdi.ng t:ransistcor.w, 'I°3n, 'I'31 t:~> c>s v ~_i la~t~, ~:rl~~.~ Pw~ar~c~e operata the 2'7E313-41 ~16~J0~
~l. of m p a ., I f , fl c~ w f~ ~:' k~ i. , to .r i ~~' 07 ~'-G E' ~ :) f t i-) r a 'f Y,,~ i.,:~ ( w 1,:.' ~ is t 'rl ~a ,m:~ r.. ~,~
ir°uterrTupted, 1-c°.,'. ~~~arrri~l~~~ ~:y 1_sc,c~aGr r~r ar,.l~; rarre oi- the filaments c:~f tYre eleLttwoc~f~4:: X30, f~~.'.~i:l , v r. E~,-t,%', b~ ~_~, Y-esi:~ec~t:i.ve:l',r, r..ex.~ewed eneryizat i~~n of t_l~e ~...i r~~r~ it t: ~~~:~~rr~ ttj~~ ~js:~~~p i y :~aurc~e plus and rr~inus will be .irxr.iY?.ited ::.W ;:w tf., cml::w..11_~t.a~~r~ contral.
circuit ST3 wi.lI. not rec~ei.~:rc~ caperat ing eeuergy tY~rar.igt~~ AND-gate U, thus prevent ing asc i r 1 at i ar, =7f t 81e c.~~.c:~ f :l i ~tt c, r- y Yta i f-y,r icige invert er ~.:i.rcujt :lfi~clr_tding the ttvt~risi~tar-; i ~~~:~, T31 .
F'i.it . 4 i.llu:~;t t:~~t e~~ z~rr~coi: Yret ~:mk':>k:~di merit of 1_:tm 7.0 iz~rwentic>n, :ire .r.~:~mbirlaticrri wifi_ir a ~,r..f~,r~~,at ~::~l.r~cnr:ii: fc;rv the lamp l,l'4 . 'ff-re i.nve~t:°t erw l ~ ~:~ fi. t.~,k.,:15~, ~~;~;; f ~
p..<~t: a:tc~ c:u~i, t_ pant feedbacm.k t~~alf-br i.dge ra;~C s l l..~at.c~r~ ~,~1_t,t..r .L, c.a« :~,:ist~~r::=~
=7~t3, C,~4:1 . Tlre f filaments F40, 6~4L raf Lrtrat~a J.~k~~t ~~~'Fa c: r.vr;si ~,..trc::ted a.::> preheatabl a 'Filarnentay ~r ~,Le,..t-rc>cie~~ . '~I'~u~ c.wir::~u~t: gyms two ir~,i._iW,~~lat, trans:istar~. ~4C7, ~,d~l ,:urvrwt:~c rx:~; .y I~a~lr .~,r ldgeu~
irrt%cwr,tElr circuit, fed ~zy a e~-i~ ~.°~~er,~rut~ ss:a~3c=.~e. T'rx~ ~.er~rter ta~> M4 of the loalf-bridga i.r..l~_E,r...rNr. p:,;,~-rnE~d tey t: r: ans ~,t:or s t3~0, Q41 is c~~~apled te-~ air I~i:' ~.~utp~_i~: W .r-<~rri" f'c~rrnc=:~:i t~~ t~~e primary winding RK4a of a taraictnl trarr~fj:3t:xr~et I~K~: ~ Le~tonanc~e inductance L~
2C and a resonance r._apacit~c~t f.'~:' Ttw s:~sc~r~an~ce capacitor r~2 i.s ca~rplect with orre ra.f it ; t;~.,r..racirr~lr t-,-a tt-r~:~ pc:r:~itjve sr~urce of t: t~ a c~ - c: a rr ~~ r g y s r _r,p p 1 y , 'T t t F~ c~ :i. ~ ~ i.a a.
° 1 r'T~ ~~ v c:a rw d a n c' a w i t h F i i:~ .
audit i.arta7 ) y f~a:~ t:wc:~ :-;r~r .it-a l k ~ c:wl~ n°m=~ t.
f:~<.;3. ~ v,x.af~l ::Lnci' c~~tpac l.t c.a:c: :~
~:'4u~, C41 c,~ruplec~. 'tc~> ~ ~'ri:~r:~.a. ~ndc.o.~:.'1: A~.:r~: ~~~~.
L°Yne c:'oui~ling c:apar~itor C4c_3 ins ~:.~ornr~ae~rt r.~cl 't c:~ t:rw~ c:w:~~l ie~~~4 ~,r..
e,,i., the i.7i-pca:f~_~i tr,~~rn;~istc,~r- C'~~(7 ran ~~ to tfl:r~=~ pr'r;~ t~aYWr~'_a t Fa.~w:Lv~al.
cnf the ~::'t-c supply source. The caLrpl.i.tnc~ :crpa<.~it:c:at~ n'~ . ~.> ;~2~r~armcted to the emitter of the k,i_.~;c:>l.~ru~ tr~rra:wt~.,t;..,u.. li;.i:, a,n.~ with tine r~regal:ive ~. '~?_ Z7Fti 3-41 ~~6a~aa term j.rral (->~ t. tue rt-C~~ etv.e~ g.~, ssapY_1 ~, . ".E:"he l r»-prwssure disrt~targe lamp LP11 is cann~>c~t ed ~t~tz~reetz th~~ t~errtEar :iur~t~tian A8 and the ~t.znrt iorl Asa, wh:~c°tn ~ ~~ pc ~r~ ~.t:~ i ~.rr.cer~i i r~z z:
~..i~, ~.aC' r_,t.ttp,at ~.~ l.rc,uit Y;~etWPE?rl ttm= re sr:aroara.c:e i.~ura.~~c~~tzti;° ~ L..,~4 -rtau~
trm rwesonarrce c:apac:itc.>r C42, :~ca t hat- t trr~ l~t~azp i,~ ~ r;,c~lt.~~~ecf and vl.ntegr°ated in t;he C.'LrCl~lfi .
~grrit:~ic~rz anc~ ~:~twhcaa.t.: ~t~p~~~°zi..c~rs x'44, C45 are serially ::~onnected a.nd. gave =rr c:°onimc~z~f ~~.tzv~.~tinn t11..
Whey are cann.ectad in paraa.lel ac~r.n~~= t:: he d~t.c,.ha;"~e path of the lamp 1~ LP4 to fornn a priral 1e1 rryi t r,a.lt . Irz ~~araT lel to the two capac.~.itors C44, C45 is a re7lstar: ser yes cit~c°uit formed by an c.ihmic resistor R43 anc~ a positive terrtperature coefficient (PTC) resistor KI.4, 'T'he two lgrnitvic,~a cvapacitat:s C44, C45 and t he res l st: o r 5 R43 , KL4 ~-zave t: t.~~, ~ t.. y_.,~,r.tt: t..a ~.
y_tnct j.uns tll , V 2 c~onnecte~d i. ag!~tYo~ .r .
'fhe o~;c°.t l '~at'f.c~co ~~,~r~i: t "3,. W c ,:~v-i.t; ~a:,r t;Y~e :~_rover~ter i.s, essentially, f'c~cwznec:l Yay ~rtzN ~,.r.,~:a~,~a:l t: t.arr.aCc~~rrr~~7r RK4,, the prinnary wi.rcding RK4rt c~fi~ w~~a.~°~~ , ::c.:~c~thE~cat.=ia irc tYt~a La~;.''' ot_a.tpn.zt.
cixct.ait . :it tca; ivwc:~ r~ecvrptaclaar~~ w~oc:l~c~c~t5, 1~K4~p arxc~ RK4c, ~rh~.c:h, ?0 raspactivaly, ar.a t~c>rmac-tad tYcr~o:r,,:~Yv. ;~c="~,a~:t:~jrC R<'~0, R41 t;o t.l~a bases of the transl.st~r~-_~ ~.')4c~, ~.#a4.. ~~ st:~~rt c~l .rw..ait :~s provided, farmed esser'tt":iall~~~ xty ,c ~_iT~i:' L'3i"4F a capacitor C43 and a diode D4.
In acrordanc~~a ~,~itlu ~t .fe<~t:~_;r: ~ ~~nP~ the present lrrverlt ion, a h ic~Y~-t°es ist ancN r:~-E~ ~,~aY. ~... ~ ~ pt.ov ided w~~ich preverut:s start l.ng c~f~ "a:;c i. 1. lr~t icav ~ ,~t l:2 a ttc~.lf ...bt.
idge inverter Y t: ansistoz ~ (~!4Ca, r~4:1.. a f°'. x7~" ,;t,: . 3,F, ~
eon°y~:aINC°t ror:~es ~~Y~c,~..alc~ rye deFec:t ive Y~y fc:,t:rr~i r~~c~ tact c~~~c:yra ,., ~ .~~<~nn1 9 . 'I r~ t .ry; c.:~._ c, Yoatt~ coat t:r_rl.s 2'781 3-41 ~I~Q3~
~.'~1c.~1'GJ3-J~:ri~ d)9:: t~'<-Tpf:tC~.t.E'~i '~:', f..f ;yC~t: ( T ::111 1 h94-~ j:~en7.fi; l.Vk' t;erffile"lcli i~~ t~lF' F~TiF~C t~~, .t-z~:>~':lyr ,' i rC ::r- r r-~,5 i<~l:i~C' ~+~ _.. [)I-1,~?
fiarmirs~l ~'~~~~~ t:, f' ..,r_,pr~r~:-1v ~,r- .,,~,:~ ,-T~, ;,t:l.,:~~.
t.,~=r.~~k.T:ra1 :43x:
c: ap~c~~.tt,e~ ~"4:~ -- , ~~r~.~ rar trTr:r. . .~ r41~ l:ar r rrr~arm~r wi.r~WiTtg RK4a -7rnC~uci_,:-ritcN 1:_,4 -. F-! t,.~ill~~r~ ;: fi~ ~~'t~r a ; '>,.f~:. F;.1'~ _ tf~,Ct=;fi;~,re; I~~3 _.
F"I" ~' r E~ s i .s t: 4> r C~; I, 41 f i. _ ~ ~ y ~ F:' rT t~ ~-n ~ ~ -~ ~ d-:~ t ~ t r ,:-~ c~ ~ F ~ 2 _ -l ~~ rt tar t i r~ rn A 8 cahmi-t~ r~e~z.;t:c.fT R~;:' a~.7t~i,~;..T :~, r..ryrrrrt}r~t:r.~,i (ri ~-l~T-~Tl7.t>1 i:t:i th~~
c~t~upl inch r~r~~.)~~.~ r t. c,e: ~~~ 1 T~F~.~~~~: 1- ~j~' t a ~ sr-n rug l ~~rf' tl~e c~i-;. t~uT: rerTt ~~olrrc.~r. ~;l.l ~ 1~3r~:erot.;f: t;kr ~~.i,.~k:.. ~ ~ . ;~:t. rr,r-:dN ::.i.-r:: .°:i rr~~.ait': ,-re '~t~ ~~,'rj~lly ~~CDT7.T-~CC~~t ~,~r~.1 A3 t:;-TH~ {rl:)ci~,~t~ ~,-~s=~rrtr-~r~t ;t:- rt,,~,, ~.iid~fo r-r,<_ a ~t:.~tnce ~:.:1._~
~,ath., m..rpplytrrt~ tP~e- ~~~p,~r.,~:.t ~~~-- ~~ tar ;, 1 rrt~l d,..., a:.p~m~e:ge~b~Le elerverlt , ,~ r-a ~a r 3 ~ k- 3-y c~<,rut~rc=rc:~t r:>ra .
C)perat Ic)n T,et it k:::rk> a:~ ~;.r~~~t:a;:.i ':lmt t;im:L~~~~tt c.~cae~ Fa4C', ~~, E4:~ :_~re ir1 order . ( I:;,:;,rT ~T,~~-r...~.i~~st ~.,~r'~h WYTir:~h tr~~~~r-v_Tde;~
~-c~~. ~.ftt-. ,-~. a the papa=.~t.t~~r x:'4;3 p~~rm~t.-r, fmr~~,r,r~~ c:~~t~r~-~,-:ri.tcar ,.r k- t:t~~~ d~~::v. Tfivr= 1-)I~,t_:.
~at_.~, r.hT.m, r.~<-~r,c ~.>e,::)zM a~a:_~ t~; ,_~-~~ ~~N rte tt,~
~ r :i ~,a,.~ c. _: r;A_.
~>ol.ar 9..r~rz~..oi~tr)z r~rCl~, ~.a~l,c;l :=.d 7' lC,t 1elr"T
tas :r ~tr~?~< r; t:'t 1.11<~ t~mlf-?0 l:.kT-lc~d~E.~ iY-tJ~Frt~~r' ~,y~~r), irk t:l,;-~ ~rrE~aT:t:wr . ~: , '~. ~~ ~,~)~~7; r;
C=:=pEvC'dtE?.~, ;"cl~>~=ir~:l f-t~~T '~~ r ~'t-yr f'.k)..C)r~Er :3 r~"~.~r ' (t~ ~'11~-:Tt'r,j~ L~'~ tt") ~_T~.'."Yl ~~C1 F_'X'f;(-?C1t r;ht=~~: "~ 't-!d-' ~)1,~''~,~..;lc~r-?p' C~F-arlel:'ci't=E?
I.'i.''~ ;n11 1 1 E1C' , a t: l:jC'_J.(~ar ~~talse;ap~:l ie~r:T ' :v. t t:m tor~r ~rf ~ r t. ,::dr t~i~s'a t ~,-:: ~- r ~.a, . The ha l f-.-l~:ru.d~e ZrT~a~y rt r:~r~ r~!:~ti, t:a ~ c~~r; ~a l Late ;-inc.~
R ~;.)~~t: ic:~.t~:~;, t. f~eraer rtes ar :zl~~r~-frr_<::~tTr~yrnr'_~~ ,-rkt.r::t.rt,s1'~ r~~lr~trl fe'e<:~t_tr~ric3E~~
i~r=1 r')rrt ~yr~i . <3r-e t_t~~'t4It~eC1 t3k~t_)Llt ~.'f-1 ~.F~ T_t. El I.C~;~-fi L'~?~~1_ir~Tl_"t~r j~~,~E !-~-f,: " 'T'fl s' ~:; C'LIt.'r~tZt_ ~~>~:1 ierl k)et wr ~_<T...~ f- ~r~e ert ,: s-; I"~~. , ~x~ r -~T~ici r .~ ri u,....; i : o: ; :f r ~: , ~arr7m ~~ hacrt:~rTc~ t')~t rear? . ~t:ar T,r1 p . _ l:hr'~ ~=a7.f-~,.tro~ilr~
f lrt~ 9 , -'<rrrr~r~
''''~i' :i-41 ~160~UU
E~~CJ, 141_, E~.t't~l ~tl.'-vw'~) t1c_>~r.~ t.l~tt ;u'~Ct t!-rte CrE_'«~rt.tg e~ar.~<~~Ite~jr C44 ~t.' ~E' a 7~t~~ C~~r~,z- t_ C-t;= a .l,,~a ~~ ..,,t,c~1_t r: ..:,r__ , I~Tf' s ~,°l:~t:or K~.~ . When t1"t.c~ Eal~t:~t: i c'~d~ p,_.E,~l~,ftt. ~ t~tt:~ ~'C'~t ~t;t ~wr arm (,it ~tv:, t:t3~ ~~'I'C t.'e~;lst<;t~
IiI_Wt~rarpnts3:_, t~tlc~kl=.',.r ~-,:.r:l;=~t i.~r'~=?, ~~ fit:rc3t , 'v~;'~it1 t:l7P i3S;~L:3t:i=ttiCE- pf tt'te n,:vw e~f'ect 1 Je t gt'tt t- '. r;r; :,~y~cir_ t tr,r c,4~'trt~k t'C~tFe T.C' output.
c~i rcuit , t"c)Crtted as a r ~:~o:rtc~ttt~ ci i~a: ! t ; ti-;H I~ntp I~P9 wi J, 7 tac~e~.~e tk-te rc~c~tti~~at:~ i';~rtitir)cl tlc°,Lt~i:,~~ k:~~:
t:wvcan:-~rvt vcWt~tge ~'t'Itl~it3t',.'~?~lPt~t ~c~ra.t ic~t7.. t r~ a~.~~ra~t-dr~n~~~: .wl.t-3~...~ ht~. tv~:~t~r~t i..nventi i.or _ ~::._...~.~._~..
7:f tk't~~a a,~ttnk.~ w.~x'~ :! ; a>~:)~>, r~fi !~~.:t ~.trt.:~l l_aE~c::c:)trtk=~~ ~;: rjf~~c'°t isre, w , g . rn t1 E~ r 7 fi'' t: l-1 k? t= .i. l ~3 Ttl~:' 't N: F~ c~ ~' ;.. k,_ r , p;, ~~ ,:~ r E- ~- i r '~ ~: <:,y ~ ~ C) , k~ s~ 3. k 'r r ~ ~~ k ~ ,.
t.han,, at.:i~~rtt.r!~t f'r~:c~r: t-;Y-ar=.~ c~~7(t~.~.~, E-,:,t..~.t.t,it,a7 PN~, ~~r..ac.t ~:~vE-:t ~al.t-tc~t.k~c~
4 c1: , T ,'~$ , t ~ T-t C.i c ~t ~v d,"-t t ~ it:. :: ~ r. ~° ~I a: k:
C'u s ~ ,-. ;.,, ~ ~ ~,.r ;,~~ t- ,-, r, ;.; i~ t r c~ n ~-~ 7. ~~ t: ~'~ T' ~;~ 4 0 c~a 'i ~_ ~. S t: C '.1 ~ C~:r ~~, w i t_ Y'~d ' ! l ~~~ r.., 7 ~,.? ~ c ~, t 'f. 4 :~ c:~ r.'! t Z r a n r , ~ t. r" c~ t ! .t, i- , ~ r~ t~ k-t ~t. t t Y't i'rnvr~ct;~-~~.. (~~t~, ~~=C'L t~c3r.zlr~ ~~t i ~ tC:>r-~ c~~,-r ~.t:1°.r~~ ~w~ukn with ~ k~~'oCc~r~
~'~~IdI'(IE'rtte. ~C~~JE?L'~ctt: ; t_1.(~t:"t aft ~:~~'C:'C)l~:Ici~lC:.t~!' 'i~~''!~'~:t'!E~~ ~t'~'-d=."t'tt .t-IVemr i.C?t.u t-k.t~ Yip<~1.-twt:~~:o:~~#wr....~w :-x.;~ ~,~,t.Cv t., Ct~t.et_rul,,~ed i~ t~tm 1r~lll~'W l.~E'~'~E?C'i. I'.:~', k'Jy k:)t t~H'r'.<lr~(:' 1 : ~;rl,::= L'7 I' ~:!'3e' ~ ? ~i~TflE:'Ilfi ~ . i3PCI1 r r~-cjt'lt?):':~1_" 11: 1c~~1 clft'~?I~ ~5 ~irl,?tl!-vt_~t i. ? tlg t '~1P -"j_t'~~IIt L aC)fil fik'1~2 C' energy sttp~~l~° :;«ui_r.~, ~ rtc::r r-~.-t<=m-a~~ c.~a. :. :1 E-re :--~.p~=a_ : ed t c~ trcF~
c::~pac:~~_tc'r c'v43 tlrr~o.<~tt ~ Ct~~ r ~ 3~~C-~:s~ t~~, ~~ tizat: t'he ;.~apac~iCot, ~_~3 ~~~13. rn,~t r Yvr",r-c~~~, ~IttcT.j t,'t~(- . -,r~it=~ø Y-~tw.,~,~~t,~e tt. xckgF't~ pttl~ee ~QT, t.~~tf~ I'J.':~~lt~ P(~'~',:, <3t'7t'~ '-~i~'t_'Y'r '~'r,;.;~-t fi'rat=?
' C<~nC).~~C1I '.~~n tO
c,;~c~i l.l.~:~t;e. c,'nt~C:f~r'..~~aM~t'tt 1.!"', , lt,=; r; DoE !! r k-, ~~~~t c'...k-)t. zdge t.n3~Ve~'t.t=i... rp4~, i,~a~1 Wl.a.7 zur-'>t c :=~~v?'i ~.-~'t~e: ,.trar:.t, it' I klic~ 1 rt~t~.'~
i~ ,.~e~f'ec'tt.~,re, tl~tk=
t.'t. o~A:it w:i 7 1. nc::,i a~~I. r t~<:~t , ~ -~:~tc:t roc. r ~ v ~:,~k:r ~~~:01 ~ ~~,c~a'.~ art 7_ 1. ~tra~Je~r ,',rt t C t. a t a r nn i rw 7_ ~~ c) f t: t r ~> 1=~x rrtk > .
i F~:1 3--47 ~1603~~
Embodiment of Fig. 5:
Tkr c~ c t. r..,.., ~ ~. ~ t: ~ ~ r s~ c: r. , :~ r ° r: 3 ca w o° ~-~ ~.a i ~- ~ A t i~a a p rv a s a r- t i ri v E ra t i o n ~4 tl~.C,~tl~.y' J~?T";lad?'~~.le?, ;:~rl~_~ F"1:~. 'i ~.il.lx at".r:"~te.a 'L~'le 4"ltC:C_lit applied t:_i a :J.arnp taP~ c~~~~~.~ratrrig ~~~ ,. c.c-:~lt:;r start fluorescent lamp, tha*~ is, without ~r:aha~zr;inr:~ of t:h~w filaments.
fhe srl~~~'~ly t::°i c~c:~va C ~.ra~, ,~ t'~-.~,~,l.y c~sc°i.
l.lat ing r~urr-ant teedbaci~ inverlVc~rw ;wire°i_rit, ~~a_rpp3.~r=d t:y ~p c_~..o ,~vr~rer~t source.
Tlie circuit inc ~t~des twc~ bi--~~c_~Ta.: t r-Nrrs ~:~t c~r~. Q50, X751 Connee.t ed t r:~ a rent: er- ~r zrort ~ ~-trr M'7 . 7~r~nc~t ~ r:m M5 1.s ~:.
onnec:t ed 1~? c:rvar tha pr iri:ar~r ~,r:~ric3i..~o~ ~;K'",~-~ cr~_ a t,,;T...r'~~,.,~~~
tx-<~r-nafc_~rroar, c:oupli.nq ~~~apacit:c:r~ c~'5~, a Lws~::>t-mEm:e irvdl_j;~::tarrc.~e L~1, arid a resonance CapaClO:c>rr i:.7t .''e~~~acvit;~_3r' ~~'~v1 .= c:anner,ted to the ~'>o:~iti~~E3 ;~~up~aly vc'r7.ta<~r, .~~ 1:'~ tt':e r:,r°:,l.lcer~tc~r:
c'.rf t: he transistor Q5t~. The low-~pxe~=r;t.rre s a~;,lr~~awga-~ t-:r:r~:.; I~~"'s has art irud~.vidr.zal.
parallel c~i.r~uit Fc~rw'<ec:l try rw:,t:>~-~arn_~e c°ap~~ct,tc,r~ C52 ;~rnd arz ohmic resa st:c~r R50 , Tr:e a:r:~rit:rc~l a ~rwu.r~;.t tr34. t~.rk., ~~al.f--k~rj.dc~e j.~~rverter-.f.r~rmed by tran.si;~tc~r5 (~~aj ~:~;)e~.~. i::a ~r.~: rrmd. x~~y ttie torr.,t.da1 transforrnei- RKS, tree prtmary~ winclJ_trg FK5~a of whi.c~h is 20 Connected i.n t:he-- ~r oa..ri:~~a_r" a ~ rc-~rr~.t: rat= the inverter, The =~e~~oridary wi.nd.i.rrgs RKSk_~, RK.~c:° ~~rc::, r~,°c:~:arae~:t.~:~c:~ tc_~ tYac_~ ~:~a~es o~
the respective t.ranai;~tc~rs c;~SC.i, ~p~~ , whirv~u include r~apacitors C:5::3, C54 and parallel r.~c.:rirzeoted ~:~i.r-,d==~s D'a~, D51.
In -:.rccc~or~at~rc~~r' ~aitt~ t;t~c:7 ~}zrc~~-etzt invent i.on, a high _ rra;~ istarxce d-t..ry path icy a cat ate 1 ~ ~~~c;:ec.~~ wl°'u vi.c~hr ~~c~rweCt s tl~e base Gnt t. he bi.-polar trar~:~~stcyryr~i tc~ taw ~:r~ergy source. "L'his hlgh-re:~istance d-c path Car: be tr:acE,ca ~~:~ fol~ows: Starting from the posit ive terminal cad th~:~ d--~:. ,-r.v.:zr;~e . ~,le.o.tl cade F50 of a7~1 3-4.1 216~3~~
l.~rnup IaP'~ ~° r~~:~~;t~at ~_~t:' ~RF,O . ~; le~°t r rc~~a i~,',>~ ,..c:.~~,c,r-,~~~~c~~ ind~l.caanre 1.,'r~ -- oY~rr~ic~ rrr;~i~~t~,r.. PG~7 i~."~:~~~ 4,~ i_ r ur~f= 3 ,tr:rr ~~5:1 . TYze base czf tr~ansist.ar. c~'~1 i.~; :t~urt.:he~~rw a: ~rici~:,~t~:rc.~ ~ cs r=i~:use L)~l, the parallel..
c:apacit<..~r ~~'~4 aozc; the trari:~fc~r~nuer- w)zrcit.rvg RKSc. Diode L~SI, as can be seen fr~oin Fig. 5; is cA~onnect~=~t: t: ct:t~re k~ase Q51. in d-.-r' 2v.~locki_nr~ c~c~nr~ecticzrz. ~rv ,~c~-t~.fi:~ firu~t D.s~slstor is prc:avidecl, rtamaly ~~ r~E~s:l~>t;c:~r- ~t~?, ratwrlc:',li ~°:r~arzr,.iac~t:,~.;
tt~~:~ ~a~~a c:~f' th~~ t'j.rst..
t:rans:i.ator~ c7.5C' t;c~ t;lia ~:~.~~:,.it 'lv~~:a t;t~~~in~,~:~il. ;f~
tY..ra c~-c soar ca, to form ~~ d-c connEyct ior~i t~~z.. t:'I.ic.-~ kaa:;c~ cat trs~rrsistc~i:~ ~'?~
, I 0 Uperat icon LJpor-~ Niiergi~at t.c~n; the reststc7~.: RS~a and tire high-resistance d-c ~>ath cau~;e tPie transio~;tr~r~ c~5f)i ~~}1 to <.:asc~i.l.late ciz.ze tr:a ~;pr..ir LEo_is d l :t: r.zr.x~srr~rr t~~,~, r lr2t r~crdi.zc~~yd Lay a switching pulse, l.iiie oc~~~;e c_,r. t,i:re :l..~k.e. r~'orrsec~uerntly, tree inverter- ~~~p, Q~~~1 wt.l.l ~;eIV: ~~;cil2ritN~ by t~rie alway:~ present line noise on the plug ~-irlat inzrau~s t:~=ar-!irinaLs. This noise is.
amyl ifi.ed by th~-~ pr.~sit.: i~:.~~> f.~~ectt~<~c'~. c:~r~F~ t~:o tii~>
secon;~ary ~a:i.rrd.ifags R~:Sb, RKS~::, ;~~i tYr~=~~: <~r f .t,~:7t; c~~rze ~uf tYle twc, k.~i-polar t: rarisistor. s w:i 1.1 ~~er°orrita cw~~iiotiac;i-: i.~Mec~, l..l-~t.zs ~.r, ~t iat:; i.ric~
<iscil lr~t t.c:,r,r ,:;~f 'tYrE, ~.rivei t ec° .
Trl acc.cc~danc:e witatv ttie irvvent:l~.5ri, if tl~ierve is an interruption ire the higYn-cwisi~>tanice ~--r~ E~ath, fc>r example due to a break in orze of t.Ym f~ uamez-zts <:ft fi:Y~i#:7 electrodes E50 or.
E51 , t:he Y:~dse a r k~ct t~~:~~~e ~:>f t 2»:~ ~ r ~-~~>~, :a _;t;,~ ~. X51 w~.11 not. r'e,~e ive a ~_~ornt i~ol vcolt<age ui>c~rr r k~ ..~,r,~,r:g I a.,,~~ 1 :~r5 j~ tine ci rrc:u:it attc:ar- it tw~,~ been tvrried ~J~~Fr k.:t~rra:a ~:~cv~vk~tzz:.i.ru:~ r~s~~i_l:lati~~n of tPie i.n~~erter formed k:~y t raz-mx:i.st:c:ars Q~~ii. r~G;l arriz_t tYie e:ir=:~ua.ts connected thereto.
_.
'7813-41 21~C~3~~
The ri mensicpnf~i~g .n t:hte ;~~,i L~:~i~~'~ t:;otry>pnc=rn:;~ ciesc~t: ibecl above depends-t on true ~aojr~~cw~t: r,ai.:Et~ .,,_ s::i~~E-, '.an~p, ;end t~~e ever°gY
eupply, scheruatic'ally i.r~Er::ir~;~r~.aci try ttvc-~ plug, and mi.r~AUS
symbols i_n the drawing.
Fic~. t111.tt~.trate~ t:t~re c~<-~ru~:~l.ete embodiment c~f the circuit to operate a rampac:t flac:~resc~ent lamp of,, far example, ~'3 W power r_at ing fronn a~ netwcark a~.a~_~~.,7 y ::W 1 '0 V at 60 H~~ .
.ihe ramponents rrsect fc~r t: he ~~it ~~o~it: :.fi' F'ig. ~ are 11_sted tn tt~re table forming part c:~f tPzi~ e~_~sa<::l~~vcat.ian.
'l:he c?_r w.tit r7as; ~r ~ r~ee ~ ~r c:~~;r'i1 lit: ir.g 2walf--bridge inverter fanned by MOSii''F!a°iTs '~~,i,.'a~ ,..{,~.~ ~ru a c=:urv'r..ent feedback circuit. F1n elNe:t~ al.yt:~.c:~ c.~~tpac°it:ac- C...,~~, c~anrlected to the output cf ~c rec.t. i.f i.er ~~x,, :~~~rwi~Jl~~ , t,l.,cr~ ~, l~r~ and minus d-r_ energy far the c.vi.rr~t.zit . Trte t'ert: it i.~:r. UiJ is rorxnec.ted through radii nai se f i lte~t: F rtrtcl , ~u:3r- ~~~~I ~-,rltko tr~~~. power' :supply.
True centea:~ :ir.zr~ct..ia.~art hIF ,:~~': t. la-~ ~ti,~.l.t--~;.;: i.dc~k~~
itwrer~t;c.~r fc,rmed by tYte MOSFFT~=a T6~3, 'YF~~i. i~, ~ic:~raur~~c:~t.,~c:i 't:m, Wry ~.~~
cat.ttp~.r't r:°,~trc:uit wraicYt, stat,t i..ng frv7ri~ trawz c~a~W~sr~ t"~~r'm I.r~a1 ~i~',, 1s c~or-:cuactac:t thr:ougtu tyre t:e:~cmatn:e Lr~c3~.~c r arxc::~~ 'fa~:~ rarlr~ t:tve r:v~:>oroarwre c;apac~itc~:r ~~'.f~l. t~c> t,-t-te s~r,,F~;rin c;ur~ar~yc°t:a,:;~L".~
c~~ 'tht~'~ MO~aFF'1' TE~t~. A
rcruplitig <:apacitor C'F~,~! Kxr..cd ,r rc-v~ap'~raru:u:= r ~:tp~~~~~tr:~r~
c''.~1 are caranec:~'t.ed its pari~l:Lel rv:, t'ta-, c°:la at~~k~~tt c~~A p~:~th.
of t;t~te lamp LPt~ . *
Two para11e1 f.i.rc~r~it:;C ~trEj r..ant'n.e,~ter ~~~;vrcv,~s l.:Yve electr~ode:~ F60, E~~1. , :l.rtr-'lr..a.~lirlc~ .., tv:ic:~t~._ ~ ~.,~ i .,R..;~ra,° ~
,;"cap ;~tr'~;w R~C~ artd a PTC
resj.~tar KI,6. ThFr c~erct;c~=~t ya,trrr°t ~.r~tu V~ ir:, r'~~t~tnected tc) a renter *A hi:~h-re~.i:~tat~ce re;:~v.;_>t.r~r Rr=~l a~ ~::ot~n~~rted i.n parallel to t;he roi_a.pl.i.ng ,.-;af.,ac:n.t<:~t~ ~;'r~~.
_ t ~' 7 ~'i :'~. 3 - 41 21 ~o~Q
~unctian between two capacitars r_'~?; t.~'~w, which form preheat ~.nd ignition capacitcat°s. 'I've t~:e:~t~~r ~urr~yti.ar~s '1t:3, tl~
between tha capac:.it:ar'~; t'~~:?, (.'.F~~ t:rr-~c~ :k°re ~ a~~ ~a.t:c~r:~
F~6C~, 1~I~6 aa~f:
interc~onzlet~tec~. .i r-r tt-lio~ z'e~y»:~r::°~: rha:~ r~~.r: ~7.a~ t:
is .dent it~~al to the circuit: of rr~ig. 4. The i.rrvertr~r- farmed by M(~SFETs T60, TF,1 includes, esserutlrxlL~~, ,~wc~ :~ecar~c~ar~,-y windinc.~s Lib and L6c, induct i~,~e ~y cr:>l.a~>l gird t, c~ t: t~xe ~~,c~~mr7c:~~~ ~.nd~.~ct arrc: a L~F~<~ , ar~r~
raspacrt 3.vw~ Iy, cc:)r~nac~t c~~r~ t t':z rt,F-~ yK:~fi ~:a r r.,c y r.,:,r~NS o f t"toe t tans ist ars T60, T61 . l r: ar.iirt-it i a°_,n r t-loe ~~at a elect ractes of the respective trartv~i:st:~~rs t_~r~= ~~r~rrirlet~tec:~~ r c) ..~ ~.aw-pass filter R6.~, ~i rJ a n d R ~'> ~ , ("Coi , r' ru? r; p r? i ". t: :~, '~J H? ~ ~~'' ~ ~ ~"
"' ~=u r."' t ' :1 r"' c"ld 1 t; 1 ~h ~:> r:' .:)"~T j d E' d which irlclr.rdas a-r t~I~E~.~ 7r:'~; ~ r-~t>~~i m i ~:rar i~~~ arid a r:~a.oda p6, as described i-n connectic~rr with ~~ig ~, The= ape rat ion of the c~irc~~3it li.kewis~~ is s~.rt~.~-lar~~ t:c:= that s~esc_ibed ire cannectian w i t: r-~ F i g .
Tr-r ar~c:'orcarrc::a wi.ttr ~, f~-}~~tr~~.r;.:r,~:= tt~a pr-asal...~t., invention; a high--resi;~tnn~~Y c:t-~« p~yt:rt;~ pravided which can kae t raced: ai~.ar: t irvg f r~oril t: ire ~,~r;:> Ll, i vY t f-'~rrs'n~nal caf t. he electrc>lytf.e; r:~~~>ar.~°:ator~° r~h,C~ 1 t.l ~ruc~rrr; aaf e~.ec°trarte ff_~0 o'F lamp ?0 ItE~~ - ~-rsi~ tc~r F:5 C7 ~.. p~~t'~ ~:~~1 ~ E w>l:.r~;r ~'TIa _ r r l.amc~nt. of ~rler~t. r~~~de E61 - resistar R~1 whi~~t-~ brw<~;ge5 t tie ~~~aparitor G64 - resanance induc~tarlct, L6a -- vunc:t: ic,r~ ~~~~ - t-a f~rrrt:)-,er. i~,s~~;ta~. R~~;, tL-~rm~..ne~I. ~'~;?~ ~:~.f c.':~l~i~c'::," it ~":~i''.. ( t"7''' P-~.'t.
itsx.r'1~) i. f:'("i7k:i C)f ~ ,::,3paGit:r3r 7 .- ~ r a g a t i v a t: a r r~n :!. n a -l _; f' t t-g H,~ ~ , 7 ~; r,-:~ t ' ~a 1 y I - i- a cw p~:r c~ ~. t r~ r°' C.' 6 (7 .
The resistor' R6~ is r~r;)rlrrectE?i~~ ft.ar~tri+~r , ;~ the Center ~unctian M6 between true trwrtsist.c~r'~; '~'6~~, 'I'~;1..
_ t ~ ._ ?7H~ 3-41 ~~oo~o~
Caper~at icjn i_Jpnn f i t: ~=~t errc~r-g i. ~ v..r~g rv'te ,. t:cvt.a ~ t 2rr5yr ,r, c:~nr~ect ink i t to a souroe of a-c~ suppl;%, trte ir~wer r:er ~i.Il receive d-c energy frcarn the electro~yti,_~ c:wp~-tc~It:c~r- C"~C), The start c~apaCitc~r E~'61 i~ c~tr~rcJe~ ~~a~,~r_ ~':J~~~
~_~t?c.~~,~e~..rrrerrt;ic:~t~r~acl c:J-c~ patri, sc~
t.rrrrt the I~IAc.' ~C'.f~ r,.'~~=~r~ rr~ap~~:l Y k:,r.':' i~:Jc~er:
I:ata.J:~e~ tc~ 1'J-re gc~t:e ~~f the t: ransistot' T51 ~.-rn~a thzt_a~:, c_~r~ta~~~ firr~e Jz~~ i t -lr}ri.dgE=
inverter T~50, T61 to osci_ll.ate. Aftr=z c~~,:~i.:Llat::ltar~~ t~~a~ started, ~;t:arting ~~apa~:.itc~r r:~67 is dl~;;,.t.karv~ed ;:~~,re~ r.Jr~< <~a~,fle C)~ to 5i~tCh an 1.C~ extent that: ra<:, ft.tr.'t lvr~r: ~ r lg~Je~ ~ nv=1~~~~~~r~- t i J:a~, derived frr7m tJ'te ~1IAC CrCE~ . TY~e~ ~.tw,~~=rat a r 'l:'~f) , "1.'E~ g ~~t.t~.;~;~:1. i. e:~ a h igtu-_ f t: ec~uenc y al.ternati..r~c~ ct.arret~at: tc~ t Yre 1_~C ~n-t.at:pt..tt ,:°irr~t.ti.t ~rnd hence tea the lamp LP6 as welf_ as tJ3e ~~ars~l:Jel r:i.r.~,~~tit.a ccarmected to the lamp LF~ . Typ i a°a l f reyt~anc~. '; t:~::: ,-tc.e ~~,l:weer~ about 2C1 kHz arid X00 kHz. Fi_t~:t: , gin. rr~er'rt wa i_ ~ f. Jr,w ~..~~t-.f>t.aFlkr tyre ~1_Lamente EFO, E61, throttgYr t:Ya~~ Yt~~~t. ir,tcP~ ~:~ytar~c°~.°~.r~.r' C f :. r~rad tro.E3 FTC re~i~t~>r KL~ . Ttti.~ heat :i nc~ crt_trw~zrnt ~ ~, ,:, .f hti.~tt~ f r~~rlt~enry " As the PTC
resietor r'teats, it.s r-e:~i:~C:arrce ~.rrc~rF:~r:ewx~xich terminates the preJZeatirtg pYra~~t. TJoe f~~3'C" i.~~,.i°~~t:~.at.°' Lac~~GC3rrte.~ ~ter'y higt'rly ?~ rvesietive :~o ttu~t, w:f.t.:~r iJre r~h:=,t:~-,fi.r~t~a ~:~ c,~~ i.:~.-ae ncaw effective, th~a.t 1:~, nc~t es~er~t ial ~~s~ kv~r' c~<~ec.:~, w. c3r-iit. ie}n c~apac,:l.tcar.~ C~:3 and the L.,C ot.tt:put c:t rc~>_;i.t ~ t t~ra oec~es~~tt°~ igtr ~ .-ton vultac~e fc~r~ the lamp will be obtaitret~ ln~,a rrye:rc~rmrant vc} ir~,~~t~ enhancement .
Wherr the zanr~~ L,Pt=> tmt:~ f it care a a ",-rigs,-. f reyreruCY
ator_~xarlt will flaw c-w~~r: tr~~r ,Jf~tc:tr-tr~.:~~ ~;~atlt c~2r tt~ra l~r~n~> LPa~ and a ~~-r~ c.~ur~r.erzt: J-Jr.rcmm~VtA'.r t.r~.e> c:J r:~ ~~a<_at. Ar. 'Tire arnpl it:t.,rde :af tYti,~ c~--s~;.t .rt:~et~t i~ 1.e~5 by twca :'ar~derw «f nt~r~r~ i.tr_t~:~e than the a-c ~~~~ey~' generated by th~r i.r~merrHar° ~ :~c~_, t;,l~~~t: r~~::;~ ir~-~~rTferer~rc;~e witrr the operation caf the lamp w.t.l:1 ~~esul.t:.
In ac: c:~~rr'°c~a.n<_~a c~it~n f Pra Lr~~~~~:ar~~~:: ~ r~rv, :~.fr c,rra of tYra filaments of the electrc:~des ~~a(~ c:~r E;1 soould break, the ahrwe--desc;r°ibed Yo:ic~Yr-ce~a~.;t<~rcc°e 2i__c~ t,,,~~rt-, ;r=~ j.nterrt.rpt:ed, since the electrodes F60; E~l are :~eriall.y integrated in the d-c path. TYve lamp wi:Lt carzt:,i.nrze :ca fr~n.°.~t.i.nrn y>a lar~g as it energised, even i.f a f_ilamerrt sf~rc:.uld break. Upon re-energizing the lan°y~, irc>wEaverv, it: Sri a 1 r~~~?;, iroie po:~six:°~l.e to start the lamp. Upon renewed c~onr~ec~tic:=n c.f th+~ circuit to ON, the star ting c~apa~:itor ~,~~~7 wi.2l, rrc;:~t ~~c5 crv~r.rct~~d, arid thus no t rigger pu lees wi l l be avai LaT:~la f rarr~ the UIAC DC6 far the gate of th~~ transi~t~~r "Y'~91., C.'°o~utrieduerrt:l.:~, t: he rralf-bridge inverter T60, T~~I will riot start to c:a~acillate.
~,ar- ic:urs c:xrarlc~~s and ~np7i~ if r c ;.~.t ic~n~> nay be rnade a:nd the invention is not re:~tri.~ted l:o ttvca ar~cve-described ~~mbodin~ent:s car exarn~~l_es. TW = c::t ~~. i>r~t°1~:;
c:°a~~~r be pro~rided in various circuit arrangerkientr~ wltiv different types of invartar.s, far, axanvp:lE, wtt.a~r :~:~:v.'.1'd .k~~:-i,:.tgra ~_c~avart:ar-;~~ o'rr tha l.lka.
It i.s al so possible to ncor-pc7r:~fie t:?~e d-c path in single t ransistor blcuck i.ng o,~~c:.:a J lat r~r~.;~ wh ~ c'f.~ ,,_,an.r tie L;wsed advantageously to operate law;--~pG~essur c=~ d .schatge lamps from low-voltage ~mrpply ~~avr;:,c:;~e~;. F~ry~ t~c~aafi°;~.ure:~a c~e:~cr~.bec:t irr connection with aray one of t:Yve e~Y~k>E~dimen!:;~, thus, can be 'used wit; In in tha s~:ap~~ c°,~f tYa~:a i.nvc,~nt; ;a vF='~
c°;c.~r~c::a,pt: , rrc_rt c>r~ly for tha embodiments described b~.rtv :~~5r, ir. ~:~:ia:ferknt circui.t~:.
~u i. t a)'n :i a era 1 ~..r a s f c:7 rv rr c; i r c_. ~.,i :~. t: 2:~ a s ra o wru i. rr ~' i g . ~a r a shown in tYue table be:l..~w. .;vit.;~x::ie ~~alu~7s for circuits shown ~~ .1 in Figs. 1 to 5 can then be derived by engineering knowledge, considering the power rating of the lamp involved and the voltage of the supply source.
R60,R61 100 KS2 R63,R64 680 S2 C60 47 ~F
C61,C62 10 nF
C63 4.7 nF
C64 47 nF
C65,C66 6.8 nF
C67 100 nF
T60,T61 MOSFET, IRFU224 L6a 1.2 mH
According to one aspect of this invention there is provided operating circuit for operation of one (LP1; LP4;
LP5; LP6) or more than one (LP20, LP21; LP30, LP31) low-pressure discharge lamp or lamps from a source of d-c electrical energy, having an inverter circuit coupled to said source and providing high-frequency a-c operating energy for said lamp or lamps, said inverter circuit including at least one semiconductor element (T10, T11; T20, T21; T30, T31; Q40, Q41; Q50, Q51; T60, T61) connected in an oscillatory circuit; an inverter starting and oscillation control circuit (ST1; ST2; ST3; RK4b; C43; RKSb, RKSc; C54;
L6c, C67) providing oscillation starting and maintenance control signals to at least one semiconductor element (T10, T11; T20, T21; T30, T31; Q40, Q41; Q50, Q51; T60, T61), said operating circuit comprising, in accordance with the invention, means for inhibiting application of starting and oscillation maintenance control signals to the at least one semiconductor element (T10, T11; T20, T21; T30, T31; Q40, Q41; Q50, Q51; T60, T61) of the inverter circuit, said circuit means including at least one high-resistance d-c circuit path coupling the oscillation control circuit ~(ST1; ST2; ST3; RK4b; C43; RKSb, RKSc; C54; L6c, C67) to the at least one semiconductor element (T10, T11; T20, T21; T30, T31; Q40, Q41; Q50, Q51; T60, T61) of the inverter to said source, said high-resistance d-c path including all the filaments of the electrodes (E10, E11; E20, E21, E22, E23;
E30, E31, E32, E33; E40, E41; E50, E51; E60, E61) Of the lamp or lamps (LP1; LP4, LP5; LP6; LP20, LP21; LP30, LP31), whereby, upon failure of any one of the filament of the electrodes (E10, E11; E20, E21, E22, E23; E30, E31, E32, E33; E40, E41; E50, E51; E60, E61), the d-c circuit path will be interrupted, thereby decoupling said oscillation control circuit (ST1; ST2; ST3; RK4b, C43; RK5b, RKSc; C54;
L6c, C67) from the at least one semiconductor element (T10, T11; T20, T21; T30, T31; Q40, Q41; Q50, Q51; T60, T61) and inhibiting oscillation upon reenergization of the operating circuit from the d-c energy supply.
- 22a -
IN THE C~~IT'F~L) .''~~1I_E;c~._1-",~'Z'Fa1'3'I- d, ~~~ ~"~~PaI:)EMARK
(~F'fTCF
"UF~ERA'CIi~~, 'T~=fir,: ~.~ 3'i' ~,",IL~t ~'~'~' L,'Fa~'~,:r'I' ci'~dEa LI':_)i~_'C~I~F:-'~ yLJR'H~
~IS~~H.~,R(~~; I_,~~sr~i~' P Ci;=,F?~°i' ~ ~4I,i~;4' h~'~ fFv i~il'~E
UR MURE
i'I~tJt:)RE-,C."F~iv''~' '_~I~M1='c'.~; P~f'd:(:J 1'~F~'1'Ht:)f) Of ;Y;~1~15~ t'IF'k~~K't~'1':1;'~N'~, Reference t:o rF~t_.at~:d pi~~a~ '~c~~~i: b.c~r~:
c,;erman DE ~:~ f~:3 5~~~; T~ l , ~:hc~ disc:.°l~>~.;rrrc:r r:,f whir~h is ~;.~rrtai.rls~cx. i..ri iJ.S. Sez 1'c1 C7~/18F~, ~i25, f':~ian. .::1 ~c;L.rfi:lr 'Y ;et"- 1 ~~.=p~, F~'E=i.~:=~~~r iC1 ~attor~ney caocket '~~3cJ7~.~;_4;t-tf c;R ~~.:3E~~~;~~:i~ if~Fp, ~~barrdc;~ned.
k ~ A..~, ,~ k , FIELD i~F° THE INI~'ET~Y'~:COp~
'f ~'l ~' ~> a Ea ;:r iw? Tl ~' 1. r 9 G' E' 11 ~ 1. C;'7 ) i 1 4' .j.. c~ ~:
t-~',=~ C: ~J i:~l r'I C) ~> a r ~~. ~ ~. r 1 C~
~:°ircuit fc~r" c~rre c~is,charc~e 7~:~m~:;, r..~:' ~_r ~:ail,aljty c>.f discharge lamps, typac:~lL~' ~=LLZ~~rvc rvc::er'R I.;miy::,;;, ~:.,.~,,r,~ ~r ;:=;r.,arc:~a c~ d._.c-.
electrical. erler"cJy, f,~:~r: F <~~Lrsz~a~e=~ .~i~t:wr~i~+.~~d ~r..c7rr1 a rrec~; ii:i.er.
couplec:a tc> arl a_..r~ ~,c.,wer, rlws~a~ r~, ~.-rrr~A ~ws~~r~n~ia:l~y t~~ ;~
c'irc~tri.t e:1 OpE?rcttEs C~nlTIpclC'~: t' li_lU9'E=':i::,'f?C!1: ~i~t('ir~'-~ ~T:.
;ii7..Tl~.c~~:LIT"E.' ~'11..1CGr'eS(~:'t~-nt lamps.
~'(J BACKGRt~UND
Liar: i rata=, c~-i :rc:la ~.t: ~ ~r~r~~v~ k a~er:i ~:~r-c_~~,~,:a sed L c~
operat,a cc~rnpac~t f-Lr_rr_~r"es~_erl.t. larn~.a~~, ,rr:.ca rrl~..n:k~t"~,..r"e f'le..rc~r"e~scervt lamps, in wr~ric:l~r oiler at inch ~olt~~c~~a i~; ,~~~r ia~jF;,;~ r t r, rn tl cvi._c:
scmn«n=~ wtricll, t~l~-'r-1, 1.S c.'A_~i.l~>~H'c'~ ?.:t'a :vl.r1 1r-1V<' ?':t-aC w:kl7= ~',:
't>r .y'V .c:~E!{ci-.r~ ~'r1E?Cs~y fOC' trrt_? lamp t~~-~',E'1f s3~: call °lC~t,:'1-.~~~ °rtiC~ 'w'C:) c ~ .~r~~ .uhf is~'hfi i ~"s ~rl f°'Xe;e.-'"_,~~ O
t~~.at <~er~et~at;ec9 ~::ry t_tita ~_raver~l ,.;ur. ~i yk:~l i= . Jr.rc::~vl c~i.r~cu~.t~; used the pr'-Lrl~'_". lp.l.E' m f r'e:~~CJr'l~irlc".'f:' ~"~:~ ~ ~' ~i(~EVr H3G
i~'1~~~11'I~""f."'tTl~'tlt raf:l~ C7Il ~ y t C''~
'._' '? F~ i ~ - 4 :l 21so3oo ,:~Pner~at a tyre r: ec~zi rHCt i c~r~ i.t: a.c>r'r ~4 G-, i t ~.~e t-~~,r th.e disahar~e i amp, but also to provide operat.ng vi,l.ta<t, Cloerefar.
TY~e refe)_erc~:wr~ i:,r)k,~ vfm~1 i.c,,cs, C,k.~r:rri<~.arv F'at;arn~:
Z~isol~~s~..arF:
l~o.r..ument DE 43 t?3 ~~?!~ F~, rl~=:,c~r~rk_}~~:_; ~ ~~i ry:tozt" wYiic~~
hay arz inverter to wYric)-) an i.ndt.rc°t car-lt.v:~ __ ~;~~;a,,. #y.ance I~C.' ) oirruit is c;~;y,lkmi. Tx~~ :C.,~' c ~,r~.:~;ui~, >"~~c o);~~ ~. ~ H~.,.:,r~~r~r uuty)oav: c~~il-.~.u:~t; ; in r,ahic~1ma rc,rnL:)r~.~~t f ~ ,rc~a. ~:..3a c°a:~rrt t.c=~rpv~ ~ ;;, ~--c~Err) l~~=pct e~d . Thce lamp nas :~ i lamentary el.ec~* r ~)de~. React: :l.vr-_~ in"):ped<wir~r~es are roupied in ~:u~c<=all.e3_ tc~ iv:i~e c-i iarn~~rnt:s r: t' t:Pr~-~ i.~~r)°m~r~.
M~?ra_s:~t-a ~>reverot exr.~e.~;sive lt1 c~)arrenfi f 7.. ow tY)ra:~ucwih t t-)e f= a l ~=~rrn.~z~;.t ~~ r~~uct t)c:~nc~e exues a ivP neat ink ~:)f r_. he eLertrode:~ dur ng tYlE= e7_ec-~t::r~,=:)de ~:)r:w~reat phase, as well ~x~ iZi.gYr dam,~)v_rnc~ ~~af t.~'u~ r Nscan~r~t t-:> r r~~_ai.t c°~c.~r'icrr~ t.hE~ ic~nl.t:ion ;v.nd operat. iry ~yY~<rs~:-> . Tlw c r ~ ~::vu r t- a ; ~tc~~;cr- zL~e~3 ope;: at es even if a-r lame ele~tr-ude l,~x=: faile<~3, f<.}c- ;=a~.atople is broken; since tine r: ~~s~:)nnrnt ~ i r: cvc~ i t, i ~~ ~ac:at i~r~t k,,..r..~a~,a.~~ci t)y t..i~e rtef~~ot ive 'Lanup F' Lest: rc)c: a .
For saf et y = ~asor~s , ar)~-t ur-)c~er >ome r_.ondit~ ions , it i.s ~.rrlde;aared to pPrrciit ti-~o Lans.~> t:c~ :~t::ar,.l.: a,rlca trim to cape rate with ~i brwoker-i .f i. 7.a~7iEr~j , ~s i s o~r~ i. t cu;_c~~~ J kaa~ i t. 37 ~~~;c~ess i.v~~~ beat lrvc~ of ?0 c~c)mporlerrts of tine lamp, ,~;:~ well .~s ~:,E_,ss~t~le aestruc-tion of.
the wyer-at iaq c i l~r~i.a ii .
'THE I1VVENTIOIN
It is ~~n ob~ec~t tc, ~arc~L~iue .~, a i.r~ruit to <,perate ore ~'>r:' rl~Gr.~, li:)WwL~>r'E?s;a~lt i-? t:~ r:~~;"r~cit '~~p? R a=~rrl;~~.'-.~
, øa :;~~~'t":Ld~ll l~ ~'t:)mpc,~c"'t' f 1. t~.()T'E'St~:~'1l1- ~,c~Cl!'~.~'i car"IC.,a Il! 1 C°) i cat:
r.l;C"F::' t. ~i l1r 1 ~;~;-it.,rxj'tk- 1.flTTl~)~s , Wl-I 1c,'."rl LJ1 ~ ~
rnot openata upon re-ernera.:~ i. ~ at i<:)ru ; wh:en ~cr=~ elect rode f 1 lament lugs fa:i..Lec~.
a781~-4I
216a3U9 ;v.4 r. 1 C~ t" ~ '~ , N I'1 ~l C~ a-1 ~ ~ ~;; 1 '-> f c i t'..t ~, , ; ~ f,~
... . ~: :~ C' C" Lt ~_ t; j:a ~ t: rl provided whic:.h c:°ut.apl.i~~; t:ti~ ~~'cat~Ttt.rc:i~.
°l.r.c.~~lit tc~r. tx~c~ oscillation nirctzit, incorporated 3r, trtc=~ i.t~~lF:~rtc~.r , ~. ~ t:Yte sotzrwt:~e o.f energy. This t;ic~h-re:-a:kst~znre c::k.c~;~tt t pat=rt.ncludes the f i lament s of tt~ a a i ect: c rider-:, at f t i to a~rnp cir lamps . Thus f upon f,~ i lures of arty one oi= 1:: tt~~ t .i 7.arrter'tt s of r:: he elect codes of the l~,=irtl~7, C;)T l~:lrtlpfi;, ~~t~a t::~....C~ ~:':CI-t~l.k~.k: ~yclt,i-E wa ~,1. t~E3 iI'tterlLZpted, 1' l'ler.'aiJy dl.Sar).17..r1F:~ t; ti Ca ~'~ ~1~",L i :~~lt' 1 ~:rt't G
~':>r7t r~:)~. ;,i'x'Ct.lit ~3r"td L~1'7E? nr°
t110 rFWSe1'fi:l.C:'.C>Cld_tIC:'t; C3 l' <~' 1 'I' ( "t t 1't; rc? ].faritk'~r 1t, 4., t,' ~'tk:? a r:?C)'J' . ~~:.~ ~ ~::.>C7r'r c1~3 c~perrat.jrig enet°gy s r"enlc:,veci t'rr>ctt t't~~ c,~i.c..r~uit, the invert-=r wi 1. ~ f a i l t o ~t s C~ t. l l a t ~~ ~ l~ v~ w i 7. v. ri c.a t n t: <a.
t t:; a n ym o r a i n osr_ j. llat ion, even i f. the cj~~erat: ing energy i.s reestabl fished, sirtce there will be r-ic:> r_ontr-o3. s~.gnal. tc~ the inverter r_ir~.uit ctll~J1'n 0ra .
In yer~l~eal, trm~ iilamertt<.; z:rf t2ie alestrodes of trte fl.uc5resc~ertt Lam~>:~ ~,ar~~ :intecsra.tecr :i.r~zk ~.i rkce Ytic~ri--r°esi:.tance d-c ~~ i r"ct_k i.t . Mc~z: r. ~ liarx crwtEA st.zc"rt r,::1 1 ~:~tz i ~,: ~~
mc~s~r ~~e prc:ivic:ted . Llr'tder.' ruormal_ operation, anc:; ~,:sc:.C>rt ~t~; tr"r~~ st.y:aply valtagk-~
i.tt,zrned ON, the high-t es:kstnnr-~e ,.~-..c~ pf:zth en~t~:ltw~<:~ tl-iat: tYte <-ontro=
circuit far tha invert.Nr tr>r~c-v_; toe:-> ~~c~t.. tare, c..ausi.nc~ trta lnvertar t::o oscillate. 'rrie lamp elec.,tew~ci~~;, ;:yp C~ally fcir~med as cVc~iled t' 1_lcintGrltS, dr°t~' sc:? t:.'r_)tlltE '?_ f'C5 1i'tk Ct:fl~-: t~J-a' t:'3 r'C'.Lt~.t pclhrl t:~"tcit-: , ~f t3tly' Uf triE? lc~tll~w~ 9:1t k-~i-3~:;~i ~r:klE~ T'tC?
t)Clf' t- I l:~t'i~t~t t:. 1l1"VC='rtl~Z' G.r7.11 lc:~rvc~~;r:a1.~~r't~ t~.:m~;,~~~~'~.arei,, ~-~~~;k!~r C~.~~r-'carit-iec:~'ti.:.rl...n.,i~r ~t tt rvrc~e~rtl~ecvr Nci ~~rn:t Gicyr~:ik',ypa , 'T'~u!:~ :tt ~~ c~-c:~
rE i~ ;l n r:~~~~.t c;iii._ r-w~a i.st ari,:e 1 ~~~z t: h r~ a<:~ c-! t...c ; ~ t- ,~, t.' ~> r r" c::~t z i t ~ ~; a c k. .~, g- f:, w a l a Ll t~:3 i t t c.,, t r i <:, a 1 :i_ .
t.;
eri Oi i~:~ c~.nrnp~~tmruat-: t kv~.a F.sul~ i. ber e~.t ~; , -~t t; Pt x a ~ i~c:~t.zit ;:van rC
~alacedwithin t:ite t~as~-~ ac::mpact: t~ l.t.n_>rescent ~:~f a lamp.
y f' 7 :~ 1 :3 - 41 216Q~0~
t.rc7w-~rf~5:~ar~r~ c i:atvlrrt.c.~~~, l~.~rcwt,;.r r-t~,c...~;it~ra:f't:ar-~clx- sr!cart ~~.UOT~-C.~'SC".~?t71,: ~.crmE:7S'r dC~~" i:.~l..lc~~ ~..,, >i;l~'~',',C t~C~, A.r,')tll t:l-'tv.' llefi:~eJOr:'~C
supply i.et~roin~~ l.=-~ . Tl- r ,,t..,:, ,r.-~'~ ~,:,E t, ~" ~ i ta:_it=r :i:-> rw<~t i fv ieci, tc>
supply enercJS~ i;t-~ t:hle vrl~rc:=r,i .~r , ~'.y~~~=v~:tay; rl~r;, ~znvr~~fierw are ~!c'~1~-k~7L' Ct:~(~E? C:.'fjCll L c_7 t lE'~'l .ska!'fla '4;71~1C~ilr,t'.i:;T
? C'l~,x ~~t:'t;t: r_,~i ~'ltlv3 r71~ Orit? CJ1.
1'1lCOrE!, lf' rilOt..~r ~j~,Z~~tlF:~~ C."t:itZ lte:'~1 ~t:~r r.i"
t_r'L;1'~)Llt' t'".Lf"t~,L1L1'';; In ~,thi.ch tlae fi-l.r <ar r»_>tv=alt. l.rtu~~ ~r l aw3it~:~; m~ k::f ~_ i t,at:~t; iii ~:~r_r:t i y i.nte~rat:ec_i. Tf t~lr,:r i.r~~.~=~r't:r,T ~r~~l; rme;~ 4 ~~ =; r~gle :(yi'~' c~,utput airc:Lril; In wl-Iv.c:ra t_)rs<< ~>7:- ritoi._ ~_>~r~<3.~.L~~
a:~.pEarlc~t.'~t.ec:~ ~lvaorescent 1fJ J.<~mp:=, ar"e cotvrlec~teci; t~u=~nr 1~ '~=~~=Ear~~~=1~:,, rt-~~=cit'~~uii-: ~~a~~ only a ,t:irig'1a lil.t~Z.r._r~~,:.5t~7ru_~~ ,1._.t::~ I~t~":1:!. "~:1:,~=, ~1--iv pc~.i~h r:onnacts, f_or exanrpl.e, i;he pc~slt 1 °ae t ~~t.t.~ L ml i r:~',f ~~ _ ~....,.-,.
~c,ur<:°e, 1_or example 1~Z-rte ~L~t:~>ut: frcaarv 1_r-m> L~:,,~.'.i~im~~..7 w~tiu ttGe :~c>ntr~c~~.
c~a.~c.:~.zlt: c)f the inverter, t:h1= d._c ~,ai y, cr:cl zc_litit:;1 ti~cc ~erl.al l.y c~r_~rrn~=c~:ed fal.atlielts c7f_ i;.tu~ ~~~ltac~r r,)cae=~ t,a t:~L.~H~ f iar::r ._;<:wrlt tarn~~s. LJfaorr Lxr'eak~tgF~ ;:~F arly c~tl~- c~C t 1-u-:~ i~ ~ t.~i~ii=aini:;;.:, , t f~~= t-n.c~h tws i stance d-c-~
pai<iu i.s ixtt:et rwt>1:,~:cl, ,:jmi t:tip ~t ~~,,~1:~~=c c.~<~~~u rm~
Lone;er bec~i.r1 tc~
c:jsci ll.ata ~ahera 1 t..e st.a~.,~,ttz~ v.>; P:~~,.~~ i. v ~,ee~tabl i.slrled, after d:l_sCOrlrlE'Ct J.C7Ti i0 'l~'riE1 irlv,~~r.t~r~ zia~~y ~~l.~~fe <-,. ~~17;~'r~ali.t.y <vlf par~~r11a7.
cc)nnected hC oui-pu!v c°ir~Lyats, whd~_~t' K-ut:e ~:~unnec.ted to one or tl~ore~ 5ar~i~tlly c.~,rartactad. f l~a~.~~ ~?~;d~~-~rlt _~utn~:.~~-~ -Ire :-~7i~~1~'a ~~ cl.rc~Ltit ~=l.rCc~rtC~f-'.metll:, i~3:3 119t?xiy r_t .. !~"'t1:'~°Ll~t :.rcitJi;::; t.ic; f;t"lerh i'-1rC' :tJ(~~ C)Llt~Lit cvirc~.ait~> ~~t.e t.~r ~:efer ab1 ~~ ~:7r'm,rtt.l~~i:~, h'~,~t~Lr ~rrE~ ~:=f .t:i~te hicxt~-tesi.st:arut:e c~-c' t~cnt;tm tp,;,,,., tl=t~ :_:=~~ ~9.", ~~ jt-~~rri.L ~:~F
Lamp lei lerlnents <~c~t-.rm ~l..~e1 i,.~ 3ve ~ ,.:;raw i<-~i.t~=e'I
~k:==~peuti..vr~ Ire:" cut:puf t°ir~cul_1: of ti~~~ l~J,r~.7rFa~rr~r~r'ri: l;triyl :;,r La-~r~rl~.~;~;, 'T'hye higx~'~-resistance ii-~;~ ~:.~~ci..Ots, t.tiEan, nl~~y :~;t,.,i-.L, ,: r,.~z~i 1 ~-,>~.
c.r;~~<~n)t:~l~:: 1_he ~lo;>:it-ive 2713:13-41 2160~fl.9 t:erminai ,~f i~x~e r~-~ sl:xp~>) y; r:~r:~;~r~Tw~:=c::°t ~,a t.; t~.e input c,f arE ANL)--gate, tr~m ~~utput oi: vrbit:.h" t..f.~ tmu_~, i,~ c:~r~neE.~:ted tc~ tYrF~
oc>nt:ral circLT:;rt r->f tYu~ i;rv~rt;k-~~ . 'T1;~.~ terr~~rre~ that: upc~r~
ir~terrupti.,.:m of and c:~r~e trf i::i-m. ~t.r. ~F;:~~-il~-,. far example due to a det=ecai.ve lamp ~~ -es.~tr-ctdke, tkvr~ trn~arert,-~r: ,:anrecW: starwt. to c>~_ai 1 l.ai:e ~ahe~r k~~r~:ir-Eg rw~~rr-,r~e,~r ~ca t~' .r ;_c r.arr~e at elE,c~tr°ical ~~ruer gy , C~RAWIIVG
~'i~i. i i:~; a i-~~<~t~ly ~.;rri~xrnar i::~ c.~rac~rarn cat the airruit 1~? ~n, t-TC~c~r~r~darme wlttz t;-~r. l:~re~erni: zrtr~er~~ l.cnr ;
c~ma.tt.ir~g alb Eelemerit~~ nat riec~~~1>:_;ar~x fc:>r~ :3ur raru~Er~,t::arrcAinc~ c~f t.tne present i r~verrt: 1 on ~~ic~. ',' i.t, a s,:-~i-iemat :? c~ a~ic~cir ,urn t,:, ape rate t-~ac~
~arially K~anna~tEac,~.flr.xt~c a~~nvpr..
rb.~;,~..~.r::
~'~.C~, v ;'d ~ _'~3~'rTi~t::~::~i.~:dfFi..f::;~0.~ t[7 3 7 t.t a1)er"~~tE t-; WO
~:r~ r a l lf'.i.;:."t)rlTlE,'r.t::)= 14..~v ~~,~T~Apc, , F'd E::~r a-lt-, Fic~. 4 ~; a ~a:~2ver~rr~*.t,~~" ~r~,tcu.rr,atu~t: r~nare 1 detailed, diagram of the ,_vuit ~.t rravt~:r~~ lt.Ae_.heated c:ir~ Fic~, t lamp elect .rc:~cie~ f r~ee lye ~" i nc,x v~.rrvert er..
a arnc~ ~ c:~~._~ i r~~:~deT: current a l 20 feedbar,k ~antra:l, atart~=d by arr~ ,.~~ ~ ~aIRC;, rne ~'i.g. '; i.~; Gr ~;r:°tzem,~t ic-.° c~tir3,~rrarra ;1: a ~l~.ria~Nr;c.~ent lamp c.~ i rcwi.t havirvc~ r~ lec~t r ~adH~-> t r~mEi: ,m ~ of a! ~:.r ~apueat Ed arvc:~ ~ o> ing a treEly c»cA_i.lJ.atir~r~ iruv~~ot.c.n ~_r~rc~~-~~ ,~,,t-~...~,~-~i fec..o~b~.rc~k c,c~rrtrc~l wi-truotrt start:i_n<:~ z:y~ ~~ '~~I:At,,, ~rrac~i Fic~. a i~ a :: ~.r~~.a:i.t: ~,-;r~ a ,:c:arry.ak=r,~fi. tvli.raT~a~c~E~rat lamp ref abcaLat: ?.3 W T~,,~nrircal ra~i. inch t~r~rw ,:~1;»~r°.~_rt, vi~~T2 tT,~>rn a rv~er~aark valtHge at ai>c:>ut: 1 ~?c~ Vii'.
:?7i313-4-i 21G03n~
ue f a r r.'- i nct f i r s t t; ca.!-F i c~~........t.,.~.
An inverter whz.r.h inr°a.ades twc~ firansistors T10, TLl;
for example Mc~Sff~ATs, i~ ~c~r~rrNc~t~k,.t i.r..c for rv c~f a Malt:-bridge r_.irruit, energized by a ~~1~-c Scat:~rc:~e, ~;4hematically indicated by plus; and rnin~..ts ~ymx~~l::::. TI~7~~ ~rvrtertc~s: t_<, c~c:~ntrollert irW:i:~
<asc i 1. lat i oc-r by a cc;mt rcz 1. ~ i rc~~.a i t- ~','i' n . =~'t-;e ,.common c-~onnect t. on M1 c.~f t;.~7e bra l.. f:-k~~t: ac~g~~ t rwrc~r t;,:~r: i i_~r roe~.a Y~,; t tans j..st.or ~, T10 j T11 :i.~; c°ouapled tcv are L~t" c"~t~~u.ut c-.-Cr.~aivifi t~,:;~r~Itic::~c_t by ,~apacltor. Ca.~ and 1C i r~duc..°.t ance L1 . 'fhe LCp a l.Nmel-tt s icsrrn a r esonant cir~c~_tit . The t-e~r_~rranc~e c:~~p~ac_ut c:ar.. ,~'~.1 1~ ~..c:iaolm;~t ec:t h:; cu t he z~esor~Iar~c~e nductance L1 and to t-he positive terminal of the d-r_ energy rourc:e, The ,,t~,cv.zl.'t ~r7.~=s~:~ r7~~l.a.ad~~~ ~.r <::cnccp:l.:i.n<yt c"apac~i.tor C':~~3 ~,thich is ~~~onrlected both tcthe tiegat: ~.vP t er~rninal of the energy rr.; c~ a r ~ a an<~ t: c~ a ~N i.a ~..~ r~ t ~ c. r ~ F'~ ~. , rt r i ~:t t:
tv rr r i t: t ~ r: caragl7. a t: a :=, i s t.: o r' R 1. 0 to the positive t.ermirial ef toe r~-cv et~Iergy source. Thp l~w-~~resst.al: a d tscYr~r:c~s~e~ l~~rnp t~t= t , r; yi~v r"w~~ I G A,r ~:c f.
:Lvlc.~resc,er~.t latnpr a.s c.~onnec:ted betwef~Ii ~iunc~t l.c::~r;s A t ar~:~ A? . Tt.rnct ion A~' is formed x:~~y tY-re ~utt<;t. as>i~ k:~et,~aeerG c:~aparwt.i-.r?r ;':1 :7.
al~ac°~ t..I~dr.zc,tanc.e L:L .
The a lest rctate~ ~ Y ~r , E 1 k ev t tr,ua lamp LP1 a re f ~~.dlTlentS c~I'1C~ hc~t~"~-'. ~c!C~'1; t~,~7~) E='lt~~tY-:~.Ccla t:eLnlinals, 3s appears frorr~ Fic~. 1, C~rora ~,errriii.I~::u~. c7f f:i.l.amc~r~t~4, Fl.t't, Ell..
1~; c:onrtec't-ed, respect:.veay, to the iuhrc.~ti=gin;; ~5arrca A~ . 'Che second t:c~rnuirials of. the 1'j.l.arc~e at ~~, ~_~;~, ~2 ; arwc=~, respect ively connected to a terminal coif the if~nit_ ic:in capacitor c,12, and to respective term nals c:~f a par~a:llt~l r~c:~t-rnec~ted capacitor R11 ; sa that both the igrrit iort c.wpa,::_..tor c~'1 ~~ a:.: ;fel l as the resistor _.
27813-~:C
21603~~
F'l. 1 a r E=~ ccmtr-tE~c:t- uac~ v t~a ~:r<a a:a L 'L ~-a ' t ~ ~ ~~ 1~~, ~.:~ i ~, .~°rr~t rcii~ 1_~ctt 1°a cvf t'1-ae j arnp I:P3. .
in ar~cc:uc-lan~_e wit! a feattrr~e c~f the invention, an ohmic galvanic: l~~lgtr-t~F~:_ i:.ta~ac;r~ L~~:itl~ ra r~_rrr~ecl by an add iti.onai t: as i st c7 x' R1 ? r.~ah :~. c°L~~ i ~~ ~~~:~rnnE~, t a~~;1 1 c.~ .1 tatac.t L~}r~ F~ "~3 acrd rranca 't o the cent et, termi.rral HIl t:~etweE~z~ t=an:~~stors T10, T11 and the irtductancc~ Lal arrcl, W _tt t Laer°, ~:.o~~upl~el t~~ tYm c:c~r~ata o=~ c~ir~uuit ST1.
Basic Opet~ation:_ ~.0 Assume lamp LF~1 i_, an raoa~n~a~ o~~erating condition:
'I'he half-lat~ic~ge it'm-art:er. ~t'1.'~)r 'T:L ; ewl.. l ~ ;;i':art, to osr~i:a.late as soon as a c:orwn.ec:~tir~t~r r,~:> tP~~= otne~:-,_~yr ~~k:3gypl,~,~~ pltG~, a.rt.d rrti.nus i;
establ fished. By resonant vf:~l tac~~. entsancement at ignit ion capacitor C'l~, t:lae tzec:es~_ary~;r lgt..i~_t:t.r~r: ~roltage will be avat.laY~le fic:a.r j.c.fnit:i.or~. raf~ tlt~~ 1.~:~ttup 1,I~1., ,-~nr_1 the larxup will Eire without pr'ehef~t i t~tc~ ;~f t.1 ~~a 1 wtty::v w . ~~~,_~t ,.cael~r a .
fta..xrv_nr~ r,perat iorv r a high-frequency altE?C'tlcit.izy c~a_orr~=rt wi1 L flow between the ~urtc>rions Ni1 ar.ad A2 over t:l~a~~ cli.;~c:1-uat.e.t~, ptitl~a c:af the lamp.
Typically, tl~i~; h.ig3r-fr~c-~gt.t~m,_:~~~ ~;~ax~r:eret t~a~~~ a fx~Fac~~t..tet~awy in ttm 20 range of between, ~rbout: .< Cv ktlt: t:fo '1~C2 ~~:Ha, A~, seem in Fig. 7.
, the resonant ~_,ix~cu;.t L,l; C1_~ wily form a closed c~zrcuit even if lamp L~~ gY~ca~a.:lc9 brs rrm ~~.l.~a~~, ~ ~ car c,~ 1 la,~ 'L,~atry7 ~.>lFe~t r ~~des are nn:at integrat:er~. :irt ttaH c ~c:a;a~.:attt ~ :, ~::°trit:. ~'L~a 12a~_.f.-x:~rt..dge znverter, thus, r:cu..c~ prca~at.atE, cap~,r-at: ~arg ~,r;oltage even i.f the la.:cnp were nti5sing, car cl~,t~~,~~:t i~~~c>
~.~,.~erat::iotz in ac:c:r~r:c~~urur.:~.~rii tr t;,l~Ee._.a.rwv~atyt;~~a,aY, The d-,: pat ha, rw~~:l ~;tc~r ~l.t:: - ~_3.ament F17 -resistor R11 - f ilaroent: ii, 1. t) - reC;onat~cYe t.nductanc°e i~l -~'7~1.3-41 2~so3o~
resistoz~ Rl a:r rrl c~alv';ao:ls.:;:~7 3 ~ ~-t. ,:: ~ ~ ~rur°m ~tec_~
in per :i_casA fc>rmr a d-r: ec~nrZectir~rn bet~~,,~.r~ ~.ir4, ~,,c~=~.ft;:i_v,.u~ t~.~~Crrci.r'ra:C
caf d: he energy supply scai..ar'ee arid tl~e it°~put, t-c:, ~:r,ca ,~-wr°i1 Lrat l.avci.~ c~cant;.r~ca.i. .r.:irc:uit ~'~T1. ~~ftecv tle ~i_yjpa.y c.°ircvk_ril i:~ c-~r;e~~gi:~eca, eupply of contrel signals orw cont~ol ~,rn>rf~rc~r~- t:r; °rPu? ,~r;s..~tc-c;:Pl ~;y;teri~ S'.1'1 will be c:,ver tlwae ca....c. ~,at:h , t,;a pFyr snit: cr~;~ i l a.at i orn. c~f t lre had f--xaric~ge lrsvet~tar 1.r°rclr~d:ir.xc~ tr.~~~ra ;i_st.~rrw~~c 'T:1 C), "1;'I a. .
7-t, i.iv cy.~eraticau, carne of the f ;i l.ailner~rt ~ ~l~r~::,~.Wca ~:,~, ~.,"~~ie , t i m~ 1.
~~~m~::, wi 11 Cc:7nt: inue t o opervate ~rric:~ the rrvert:c-.r , ~~~r~cYE!,~ "-;r ~-rut ~~c:l, ,,ai a.l c:~orrtincae t,~~
l~ ~.1'COV~t~r-! d--c::'" :~r_~~J~.l.~j ',rC;r~.'i,'c':i.~e ~,.:~, t~lie ~.c~ITt~:~, ~-JC~w~?'VeL', ~i~ 6ca~ar'1 ~~t~
tare ener. gy ~;tdpp l Y ~.~ t;!ar r,ec:~ r:,~F"h, r~,.=w r e~~ar-,c~rgi.;~at;
icau of tlm energy Sup~:~lY wa:l.:1 vot ~:~erm .t tir~~ i_r:m~Hr,t,a~ to c.~cammenc:'e c:r.s~:~iflata_r~g, avr~.c:N t. r«: ,g_.:.. ~>r~thn k c:~ ~a.~c-wa r,~.;~-.~illat:Lc~n tvc~rrtrc~l c:~i _rcnit STl i;a inrtec~rrrpte~. P~~cr ~.~n:olt.~c~e c~.ril1 use ~~tpplied to thN control circuit ~'i" , thtm~ i.rvtua.~:~xt::irig true acme"rtLr tran~i~tors T10, TI1. f~wsnu br.yinruir,.rck: c:: ra:;>~~illate. ~~f course, if tlve larrcp shoul~.~ k:or K_varrcov~~c_~ fr=_.,ri~ t-~...~.~, v ircu.~i.t;, again, tYuc irn~rerter c:oulci rcpt: ~_,tar,t ~~porc r:eY=..r~,zr,.i:gi.2x:3Lic~ra.
T'he irmer~t :i.~:.~cn i;~ E~cicE,~r7.1 y r~pi~l rc::t=~kv:l.e fc~r a plural ity ~0 of low-pressure disc~x~atc~e ;l_~:~rirpe. ei'1~1. ~ il:luetrate5 appl ic:at ion of tYlr? invent: isar: t s~ .-- <:° i. c.
~°°rra t I~~aving t:wo fluorescent: larr~ps t.~''<<'~, L.~;?.~ . w~..~i,:~~l~~i~e 4yet icily c:c~nnected and wln c:r~, also, have a piel.cF,c~t:~rfci ,~.~~..c.;,r:i_t_ t~.fr t:hN
respective a leca r odes; .
The airG::u3..t ~:_~f Ftcr. ~' 1:~ar i:.~~o ~' iel.cl effecvt:
tzansistQrs (FETs~ 'I'2(~ T;-°1 marmc-c:~t:~=.:~ i~u at..l irmert.er circuit, sr_rpplied from a suuxc,e c:,.f_ c~-c: erver'e~y~ ar~~::~ cvcantrolled to osc~ i 1 tat a by ar: c~~~c: i. l lat lr~c~ a~<_rrn° r ~o i :°
~_ r:u.:vr it STS . The cent er ?77.3--91 21603x9 ~it.rrrct ion M2 of tine irrver-..Ler , irrc: ~.Luc~i,..r~x ' tm transistcr~
1'~.'i:>, 'Ca?l., i.s ~~onr~er~tect, cw~~r. .~~r~ L,(' u~~t_pv~ c::?~i.~:~nLt t~xiruugtl a ~caupl ing capac.a t a.~r (~'~;~', . 7.'Y~E:~ ~:~c.ay',i i.~ua c:~
r~:~ac:~it:ar r:~~) i:, ~~canrnec:~ted tc=~ tvYie rr:y~coc~~~n<~N ~r,c.9isc5t:s:rrs4:,-, ~..,;;-"r.>, elec~t'rcrr:ie f~i.lament E~!.3 (~f f.lttare;-~c:'er~t. ).azst~~ Z.,E~.''~i, r~~~r7n~.~,r(.~(~
taapac~.t~r t"21, elec.:t rode f i lanuer~rt E~~~ c:~f t he f 3...m~r Nscernt: Iamp LP~O, and knack tco the positive l::er'rnirrnl erf t)-mr a~~-(v ;caurr~e.
In acct:>r-~larw~~e ~~_tf~ a te~rt,;e...e t',~ the present i.rrverat:ic~n, a d._. p~~tlc ~:~; i~rr-osxf.cleE:a: p ~v~~:~t ~.ve t::ervrTii.rwul c~f t.lue 1..0 c_t._.,~ ~c:,l.ar-ra - tk~a alacv::rc:~a:~a iilan~c~r~rt E~a~ raf t)~a i.aw--pra~sv,tra <:,i~.=~c.~Ylar'ge .alnl:~ LP'?() - r~~>l~,t<,r...4:; T~~~.7. R4~f..
eiectroc::de ft lament E27. of low-~pr-eseitre disch~~~ry a lamp 1~~~'?() _ Inductance I~?.l , i.rrductively c:syu.ed tc~ Y.Yvr'~ re~~.~nant~c= i.rrctuc~taruce L20 - the f i laments of a lest: rc~~c~e E~W ~f t tie l Gl~a--pry--ssrare discharge lamp LF~4Z ~- i'e~-"m~.~t.(.7r.':a ~'1'i~ c.iC'ri:~ '~'~,'~~ _. t~3~' l t.).~c:lTla'r.It: iJf ~1~.'r:'.'tC(~(~f' E~~
<>f tree lc~~.~-pre~,~~ar.,~~ c3:l..s=~v)-rargc-~a :l anyh 7 r~~:L ..
~e~~onanc~~ inc~uc~tance Lair -- rast.:~tc,c. 9~a7c,.') tc~ t.u.E3, irti~ut. c~f ':tray ~.~~<:;illation corntrr.~.).
c'i t.-c~uit ST2 .
The circ:lzit, fl_rrther'f inc:.i~_rdes a capacitt.~r C23 wluich 20 is corunected to the negative rer~rninc~t. c~f the c~-c sour re and further to trrE~ rescanarice irWxc~tarce .~'i:~, and tc~ ~n~-~ terminal (:rf the t= i Lament c>f e~ f~c~ ~v a ~~~c~x~ E:' ~) Eb bre~~t: arng ~.~.apac.4 t ~ar ~'~'.:? , t o g a t h a r. w i t t s t )~A ~~ ~ I ce c: ~ t ,. t;_>c~ ~, t= :~. 1 G s r ~ F!~ r~t t :~; F~ s' 1 , E <~ ~? a rl d t tl, c::
;ercc~r~(:~arwy tat_nda.rxc.) L,27 , Y~~r.n~:=~ s.~ rv~c:o~~3r::~ r-r-crv n~ir:r.:ra.f.t, at~c~~
L:~r'ovi des f_ car pra?oe~at irac~ ~:~f t)m;~ t <=rn'y -:-x ~.er~t t'~:idc~s E2L ; E?2 ~y high-frequency al.terruat. inc; c~i.mrw~-rat ; indr.:ced in the secondary winding I~~~l..
27t31~- 41 21G~3~9 If, due to eralfzzrrct.if3n f~~,~~ pxaampJ_e, tt~Tere is failure of .any one of t?ie fi i a.~~n,eT~rt..-, cv,f t xre ~~mp elect roles F20; X21 ;
F;~2.f F23, then, tr1 e~,r.~:xc 1-c~d1'O"~° d~tit:'o t~,11~-~
~nVantl_C~r'~, fihe ~-..c.
c~rarmect icar~ t<a fi:xn=~ ;vot~trc,~.O ~ ~ rwc~~.ca t~ ~~f' ~rv l l x~e i.rrter.-rupted; anus x_.c,r'rewec~ reconmer~~.~~srr ~:>i~ j-irr:,~ ;~x.y~~:Fl~a ~a~ltt~~(e aC:
ter~rrn:lnals plt.zs <~rcd mj.nus wi i'3_ prevet~r r~~5c: ~ y. J~~t t ~:v.~r3 ;:,t t t~r~ i.nvervt er' which .Lrtc:Judes the trcctusist:vr:~ Ta:C~, 'E.'.'-'1 =
Fig. 3 illu!~trat~>s ttze pri~-rc~ipip of the present >nvention for two parallel conntei~tec:l lc>w-pressure discharge I i~ 1 Hnl~?~ , IaP30 , Z~F31 .
The tn~a:l.f-~~r:iclgc~:~ ir~~vc::~rt:eT eau<:,~li~c~e:~ twca FFTs T30, T31, r.:oni.rollec~ tca c~s<:°i:i lar ac:~r-f ~~y c,.trv ,::~~;c~.1. 11.~~t :ior~ c~ontr~al clrctz~it:
~T3. TfTa carul~a~. ~un~'~t:ic:rr~ M~ c:nt= i:ha Ui~~itE.-~rt:c~r' T3CJ, 'J"31. i.s ~~annected to two par'a lei L.~' ~aiat~g~ut: ~1T-re_iits, arue ~:nr eacin one c>f' the f luurescaT.it. larr~~~:; LF3U, J.p1 . 'fl~N f ir'st LC output c_ j rc;uit incllrdes a con~ol lt'y aapac:°iti_>~ C:'TC), the resonance ~nduct:aace L.O, art~~I capa~°itat,s z.':~~:, sy:3:-~,.
whi.c°:tt, effectiveJ.y, a=ire operat ing in para ll~al . Tt'te f 7.oorr,asc-ent J.azr~p LF'3t7 is c°c: ->nr~c~r~'t:ed i.n ~'aar.~~Tllel t,:c tlr~J r~~y~:::t~ttr~;.~ca ,,cipaci.~t.~r;~ t"32, G3~.
Ttte ser~c~rac~ l,c~' ca~_rt ~.7rak:v c°:i r_ eaa ll::: ~ rtc: ~.ucles thE~ ccaozpl ir~g cwapac~t:car x'31 ,. ~~tte.~ rep>c~t'zarac.;~=~ L.cn~.~ttcv ~ar~<~~:~
L,.'31arid thcr effectively parallel. c°e~r'mmetec~l r-e~survarm°.c.~
c~:apacitor~5 X34, C::35.
Ttve second fluo_esc_er~t 7.atn~v L~="=3I_ i~ r_~ornt:ec:l:ec.I in p~cra11e1 to t rye resonance capac:: it ors= ~~ 34 , In acc~c:3rcianc°P ia~tn .~ f~aafia.t...~, <~f tt~a i.nverTtion, an AND-gate t1 is p-rc,vided, ~:he «r.tt'~urt ,aF~ wtvic-tv is conrxectec~ to th.e i_nptzt; of thc~ ~~~sa: a.l 1<:~fi:: a ~>rz r~,-,zrt, rml ,::v r f "l.t.i t ST3 . The in~zut t: a t:he AND--c~~at a tJ i r, c:~c:.nr'trrea~k-erg t :r t t~~ r tv j c~t.i_ z.~~ istarcc~e d-c::
J ~~ _ ~7 f~ 13-4:1 patrisr raYlir~h ~~ra3 ccjnni~c t ~:~ca. ~r~~tw~aals t 7~E~~a tv~rs.st; the terminal r_~f trle cut: rent s~.zppi_y sorarc~N ~n°r ar:lry:aoe' t cs thø~ ANP-gate 11. The first high-resi:~tarle:e d-c~~ pxr:~-r iru.;~l.Lrc~es: the filarrrent of Fal.ectrade ~3C~~ a:~ ~=rrt~~~ I!e::3C~ ,..,~,y~~;c,, .~ ~~:34, R:35 ~~,~r~nected in parallel t;c~ the carpacitr:~r- C3~i an~~i t:.c:~ tt~E~ d:tscvharc~e path of l amp LP 0 - tPte f i lamrer~~_ cpf a lec~t r adt= E~~1 - t:tne resonance ~radac,t:az-IC~a L:~C) ... ~~I~rn.r.,~t lKari A4 . r ~~:~.1~°r r~x.
~.~r'~f3 -- :7onct iK~n A~i -c~t~e input to AND-gate L1. Jart~:~t i°_3r~c A4 ire also connected thrwrtrc~tv capac:°j.t.;.:7r ~:.':~C) t t°b tt~;.z ,:.erq. ~~.6 1~_arlc~"t ~.ura MB D
LCJ Thc~ ,t::,c~orrd z-~.ic~ks._r ;,..v~r:rr~ar-~~ ct_..~::~ ~:»t2i i;~
f~~~rmed key:
the filament of electrade E3<~ c~.f lant~r LF'31 - resistors R36, F~:3'' cc>nnectect in ~~~aral l~l. t r ;:::~al:~f:rsv l.ti:~Iw c:.',~.5 and ~,o the discharge pat Ys of lamf:, fi..,F~':~7 . t.rr4rs FA.~~crr~tarst ,oaf el.Eactroc~~~ ~~3 -resonance inductance L~:3I - aLtnct ian A'a - resistor R3:? -~Lanct ion A a~ _. arrot:hler:w ir.rF,var. t r:;~ ~lsfa-..~~r .fi.~, ~.) , ,.3~.rr~Ic-.t: ic~r~ T~~~ j.~;
connected thrau~.lh c-apa ~.t:c~~r~ ,x'31, t:..:° i,..~ri~~ttc~n M3r so that the c.~auplinc t~apacis:r~,E- c:.".:.=tl ~_; ;~ .t-:i a:l ~ i r,t e~,s...at ec~i with t.lne t= t_? S a r'l i3. n C° P ~. I-Id t~l C t: r~ r~l C: t~' i ~ ". , ~' t 1 F! ~ E-~ ~ i ~.. I ~:: ? : ~ r S ~ :. i ~ , R ~~ .'.'~ <:~ .C" f~ , rwespectively, cc~rsl~ected ~?etl.~eer~~ the' j~_mclr.ians A6, anc~ A7, and ?Cr then to the rre~g~at aGr~~ fi,~~-tre~..rvGc2 raf tr~t~~ ~~.1--r ener-gy s~zyp~y soLZt~ce.
Jaaroct cans F'sF ~ A'.~ fcyr.~rr~ l:.iux ~ ~~,~mGt 5 t;~:r r:hn~ ~~Nha.-c~~It.rf ~.1"
operation, circuit of Fic~.3:
Llpc_~r~ f=rricn L~i..~ ~t ~ :;~r, fi;Ya:~t i~a, ~.~~:ar.Inec.-t rlcal:P a~:
the eruer~Y
~or~rr"re a.t terrr~j.rsal~ pl.~.v~ ar-It~ rrli.r~~.o:~, tt~ra q::wr~.r ~>ara7.lE~1 cannec~ted d-c paths arid tine AND-gate CJ fc}rr,-a y-.c. ~;t.Ipp3.y connection ~JE.'tWeelM t~'lE' ~~f:n3.1'L 1V'4~ C::t?t'rrll.ttr:3l. ~'~7h. r:P"lw:~
~'r'1N~'t:~y ~iaLlI°ai:a arld t.~'li°
control c:i.rcLri.t ~T3, caa ~~a.rss.,t the i.rr.~r~=~rtefi- tnrl.trdi.ng t:ransistcor.w, 'I°3n, 'I'31 t:~> c>s v ~_i la~t~, ~:rl~~.~ Pw~ar~c~e operata the 2'7E313-41 ~16~J0~
~l. of m p a ., I f , fl c~ w f~ ~:' k~ i. , to .r i ~~' 07 ~'-G E' ~ :) f t i-) r a 'f Y,,~ i.,:~ ( w 1,:.' ~ is t 'rl ~a ,m:~ r.. ~,~
ir°uterrTupted, 1-c°.,'. ~~~arrri~l~~~ ~:y 1_sc,c~aGr r~r ar,.l~; rarre oi- the filaments c:~f tYre eleLttwoc~f~4:: X30, f~~.'.~i:l , v r. E~,-t,%', b~ ~_~, Y-esi:~ec~t:i.ve:l',r, r..ex.~ewed eneryizat i~~n of t_l~e ~...i r~~r~ it t: ~~~:~~rr~ ttj~~ ~js:~~~p i y :~aurc~e plus and rr~inus will be .irxr.iY?.ited ::.W ;:w tf., cml::w..11_~t.a~~r~ contral.
circuit ST3 wi.lI. not rec~ei.~:rc~ caperat ing eeuergy tY~rar.igt~~ AND-gate U, thus prevent ing asc i r 1 at i ar, =7f t 81e c.~~.c:~ f :l i ~tt c, r- y Yta i f-y,r icige invert er ~.:i.rcujt :lfi~clr_tding the ttvt~risi~tar-; i ~~~:~, T31 .
F'i.it . 4 i.llu:~;t t:~~t e~~ z~rr~coi: Yret ~:mk':>k:~di merit of 1_:tm 7.0 iz~rwentic>n, :ire .r.~:~mbirlaticrri wifi_ir a ~,r..f~,r~~,at ~::~l.r~cnr:ii: fc;rv the lamp l,l'4 . 'ff-re i.nve~t:°t erw l ~ ~:~ fi. t.~,k.,:15~, ~~;~;; f ~
p..<~t: a:tc~ c:u~i, t_ pant feedbacm.k t~~alf-br i.dge ra;~C s l l..~at.c~r~ ~,~1_t,t..r .L, c.a« :~,:ist~~r::=~
=7~t3, C,~4:1 . Tlre f filaments F40, 6~4L raf Lrtrat~a J.~k~~t ~~~'Fa c: r.vr;si ~,..trc::ted a.::> preheatabl a 'Filarnentay ~r ~,Le,..t-rc>cie~~ . '~I'~u~ c.wir::~u~t: gyms two ir~,i._iW,~~lat, trans:istar~. ~4C7, ~,d~l ,:urvrwt:~c rx:~; .y I~a~lr .~,r ldgeu~
irrt%cwr,tElr circuit, fed ~zy a e~-i~ ~.°~~er,~rut~ ss:a~3c=.~e. T'rx~ ~.er~rter ta~> M4 of the loalf-bridga i.r..l~_E,r...rNr. p:,;,~-rnE~d tey t: r: ans ~,t:or s t3~0, Q41 is c~~~apled te-~ air I~i:' ~.~utp~_i~: W .r-<~rri" f'c~rrnc=:~:i t~~ t~~e primary winding RK4a of a taraictnl trarr~fj:3t:xr~et I~K~: ~ Le~tonanc~e inductance L~
2C and a resonance r._apacit~c~t f.'~:' Ttw s:~sc~r~an~ce capacitor r~2 i.s ca~rplect with orre ra.f it ; t;~.,r..racirr~lr t-,-a tt-r~:~ pc:r:~itjve sr~urce of t: t~ a c~ - c: a rr ~~ r g y s r _r,p p 1 y , 'T t t F~ c~ :i. ~ ~ i.a a.
° 1 r'T~ ~~ v c:a rw d a n c' a w i t h F i i:~ .
audit i.arta7 ) y f~a:~ t:wc:~ :-;r~r .it-a l k ~ c:wl~ n°m=~ t.
f:~<.;3. ~ v,x.af~l ::Lnci' c~~tpac l.t c.a:c: :~
~:'4u~, C41 c,~ruplec~. 'tc~> ~ ~'ri:~r:~.a. ~ndc.o.~:.'1: A~.:r~: ~~~~.
L°Yne c:'oui~ling c:apar~itor C4c_3 ins ~:.~ornr~ae~rt r.~cl 't c:~ t:rw~ c:w:~~l ie~~~4 ~,r..
e,,i., the i.7i-pca:f~_~i tr,~~rn;~istc,~r- C'~~(7 ran ~~ to tfl:r~=~ pr'r;~ t~aYWr~'_a t Fa.~w:Lv~al.
cnf the ~::'t-c supply source. The caLrpl.i.tnc~ :crpa<.~it:c:at~ n'~ . ~.> ;~2~r~armcted to the emitter of the k,i_.~;c:>l.~ru~ tr~rra:wt~.,t;..,u.. li;.i:, a,n.~ with tine r~regal:ive ~. '~?_ Z7Fti 3-41 ~~6a~aa term j.rral (->~ t. tue rt-C~~ etv.e~ g.~, ssapY_1 ~, . ".E:"he l r»-prwssure disrt~targe lamp LP11 is cann~>c~t ed ~t~tz~reetz th~~ t~errtEar :iur~t~tian A8 and the ~t.znrt iorl Asa, wh:~c°tn ~ ~~ pc ~r~ ~.t:~ i ~.rr.cer~i i r~z z:
~..i~, ~.aC' r_,t.ttp,at ~.~ l.rc,uit Y;~etWPE?rl ttm= re sr:aroara.c:e i.~ura.~~c~~tzti;° ~ L..,~4 -rtau~
trm rwesonarrce c:apac:itc.>r C42, :~ca t hat- t trr~ l~t~azp i,~ ~ r;,c~lt.~~~ecf and vl.ntegr°ated in t;he C.'LrCl~lfi .
~grrit:~ic~rz anc~ ~:~twhcaa.t.: ~t~p~~~°zi..c~rs x'44, C45 are serially ::~onnected a.nd. gave =rr c:°onimc~z~f ~~.tzv~.~tinn t11..
Whey are cann.ectad in paraa.lel ac~r.n~~= t:: he d~t.c,.ha;"~e path of the lamp 1~ LP4 to fornn a priral 1e1 rryi t r,a.lt . Irz ~~araT lel to the two capac.~.itors C44, C45 is a re7lstar: ser yes cit~c°uit formed by an c.ihmic resistor R43 anc~ a positive terrtperature coefficient (PTC) resistor KI.4, 'T'he two lgrnitvic,~a cvapacitat:s C44, C45 and t he res l st: o r 5 R43 , KL4 ~-zave t: t.~~, ~ t.. y_.,~,r.tt: t..a ~.
y_tnct j.uns tll , V 2 c~onnecte~d i. ag!~tYo~ .r .
'fhe o~;c°.t l '~at'f.c~co ~~,~r~i: t "3,. W c ,:~v-i.t; ~a:,r t;Y~e :~_rover~ter i.s, essentially, f'c~cwznec:l Yay ~rtzN ~,.r.,~:a~,~a:l t: t.arr.aCc~~rrr~~7r RK4,, the prinnary wi.rcding RK4rt c~fi~ w~~a.~°~~ , ::c.:~c~thE~cat.=ia irc tYt~a La~;.''' ot_a.tpn.zt.
cixct.ait . :it tca; ivwc:~ r~ecvrptaclaar~~ w~oc:l~c~c~t5, 1~K4~p arxc~ RK4c, ~rh~.c:h, ?0 raspactivaly, ar.a t~c>rmac-tad tYcr~o:r,,:~Yv. ;~c="~,a~:t:~jrC R<'~0, R41 t;o t.l~a bases of the transl.st~r~-_~ ~.')4c~, ~.#a4.. ~~ st:~~rt c~l .rw..ait :~s provided, farmed esser'tt":iall~~~ xty ,c ~_iT~i:' L'3i"4F a capacitor C43 and a diode D4.
In acrordanc~~a ~,~itlu ~t .fe<~t:~_;r: ~ ~~nP~ the present lrrverlt ion, a h ic~Y~-t°es ist ancN r:~-E~ ~,~aY. ~... ~ ~ pt.ov ided w~~ich preverut:s start l.ng c~f~ "a:;c i. 1. lr~t icav ~ ,~t l:2 a ttc~.lf ...bt.
idge inverter Y t: ansistoz ~ (~!4Ca, r~4:1.. a f°'. x7~" ,;t,: . 3,F, ~
eon°y~:aINC°t ror:~es ~~Y~c,~..alc~ rye deFec:t ive Y~y fc:,t:rr~i r~~c~ tact c~~~c:yra ,., ~ .~~<~nn1 9 . 'I r~ t .ry; c.:~._ c, Yoatt~ coat t:r_rl.s 2'781 3-41 ~I~Q3~
~.'~1c.~1'GJ3-J~:ri~ d)9:: t~'<-Tpf:tC~.t.E'~i '~:', f..f ;yC~t: ( T ::111 1 h94-~ j:~en7.fi; l.Vk' t;erffile"lcli i~~ t~lF' F~TiF~C t~~, .t-z~:>~':lyr ,' i rC ::r- r r-~,5 i<~l:i~C' ~+~ _.. [)I-1,~?
fiarmirs~l ~'~~~~~ t:, f' ..,r_,pr~r~:-1v ~,r- .,,~,:~ ,-T~, ;,t:l.,:~~.
t.,~=r.~~k.T:ra1 :43x:
c: ap~c~~.tt,e~ ~"4:~ -- , ~~r~.~ rar trTr:r. . .~ r41~ l:ar r rrr~arm~r wi.r~WiTtg RK4a -7rnC~uci_,:-ritcN 1:_,4 -. F-! t,.~ill~~r~ ;: fi~ ~~'t~r a ; '>,.f~:. F;.1'~ _ tf~,Ct=;fi;~,re; I~~3 _.
F"I" ~' r E~ s i .s t: 4> r C~; I, 41 f i. _ ~ ~ y ~ F:' rT t~ ~-n ~ ~ -~ ~ d-:~ t ~ t r ,:-~ c~ ~ F ~ 2 _ -l ~~ rt tar t i r~ rn A 8 cahmi-t~ r~e~z.;t:c.fT R~;:' a~.7t~i,~;..T :~, r..ryrrrrt}r~t:r.~,i (ri ~-l~T-~Tl7.t>1 i:t:i th~~
c~t~upl inch r~r~~.)~~.~ r t. c,e: ~~~ 1 T~F~.~~~~: 1- ~j~' t a ~ sr-n rug l ~~rf' tl~e c~i-;. t~uT: rerTt ~~olrrc.~r. ~;l.l ~ 1~3r~:erot.;f: t;kr ~~.i,.~k:.. ~ ~ . ;~:t. rr,r-:dN ::.i.-r:: .°:i rr~~.ait': ,-re '~t~ ~~,'rj~lly ~~CDT7.T-~CC~~t ~,~r~.1 A3 t:;-TH~ {rl:)ci~,~t~ ~,-~s=~rrtr-~r~t ;t:- rt,,~,, ~.iid~fo r-r,<_ a ~t:.~tnce ~:.:1._~
~,ath., m..rpplytrrt~ tP~e- ~~~p,~r.,~:.t ~~~-- ~~ tar ;, 1 rrt~l d,..., a:.p~m~e:ge~b~Le elerverlt , ,~ r-a ~a r 3 ~ k- 3-y c~<,rut~rc=rc:~t r:>ra .
C)perat Ic)n T,et it k:::rk> a:~ ~;.r~~~t:a;:.i ':lmt t;im:L~~~~tt c.~cae~ Fa4C', ~~, E4:~ :_~re ir1 order . ( I:;,:;,rT ~T,~~-r...~.i~~st ~.,~r'~h WYTir:~h tr~~~~r-v_Tde;~
~-c~~. ~.ftt-. ,-~. a the papa=.~t.t~~r x:'4;3 p~~rm~t.-r, fmr~~,r,r~~ c:~~t~r~-~,-:ri.tcar ,.r k- t:t~~~ d~~::v. Tfivr= 1-)I~,t_:.
~at_.~, r.hT.m, r.~<-~r,c ~.>e,::)zM a~a:_~ t~; ,_~-~~ ~~N rte tt,~
~ r :i ~,a,.~ c. _: r;A_.
~>ol.ar 9..r~rz~..oi~tr)z r~rCl~, ~.a~l,c;l :=.d 7' lC,t 1elr"T
tas :r ~tr~?~< r; t:'t 1.11<~ t~mlf-?0 l:.kT-lc~d~E.~ iY-tJ~Frt~~r' ~,y~~r), irk t:l,;-~ ~rrE~aT:t:wr . ~: , '~. ~~ ~,~)~~7; r;
C=:=pEvC'dtE?.~, ;"cl~>~=ir~:l f-t~~T '~~ r ~'t-yr f'.k)..C)r~Er :3 r~"~.~r ' (t~ ~'11~-:Tt'r,j~ L~'~ tt") ~_T~.'."Yl ~~C1 F_'X'f;(-?C1t r;ht=~~: "~ 't-!d-' ~)1,~''~,~..;lc~r-?p' C~F-arlel:'ci't=E?
I.'i.''~ ;n11 1 1 E1C' , a t: l:jC'_J.(~ar ~~talse;ap~:l ie~r:T ' :v. t t:m tor~r ~rf ~ r t. ,::dr t~i~s'a t ~,-:: ~- r ~.a, . The ha l f-.-l~:ru.d~e ZrT~a~y rt r:~r~ r~!:~ti, t:a ~ c~~r; ~a l Late ;-inc.~
R ~;.)~~t: ic:~.t~:~;, t. f~eraer rtes ar :zl~~r~-frr_<::~tTr~yrnr'_~~ ,-rkt.r::t.rt,s1'~ r~~lr~trl fe'e<:~t_tr~ric3E~~
i~r=1 r')rrt ~yr~i . <3r-e t_t~~'t4It~eC1 t3k~t_)Llt ~.'f-1 ~.F~ T_t. El I.C~;~-fi L'~?~~1_ir~Tl_"t~r j~~,~E !-~-f,: " 'T'fl s' ~:; C'LIt.'r~tZt_ ~~>~:1 ierl k)et wr ~_<T...~ f- ~r~e ert ,: s-; I"~~. , ~x~ r -~T~ici r .~ ri u,....; i : o: ; :f r ~: , ~arr7m ~~ hacrt:~rTc~ t')~t rear? . ~t:ar T,r1 p . _ l:hr'~ ~=a7.f-~,.tro~ilr~
f lrt~ 9 , -'<rrrr~r~
''''~i' :i-41 ~160~UU
E~~CJ, 141_, E~.t't~l ~tl.'-vw'~) t1c_>~r.~ t.l~tt ;u'~Ct t!-rte CrE_'«~rt.tg e~ar.~<~~Ite~jr C44 ~t.' ~E' a 7~t~~ C~~r~,z- t_ C-t;= a .l,,~a ~~ ..,,t,c~1_t r: ..:,r__ , I~Tf' s ~,°l:~t:or K~.~ . When t1"t.c~ Eal~t:~t: i c'~d~ p,_.E,~l~,ftt. ~ t~tt:~ ~'C'~t ~t;t ~wr arm (,it ~tv:, t:t3~ ~~'I'C t.'e~;lst<;t~
IiI_Wt~rarpnts3:_, t~tlc~kl=.',.r ~-,:.r:l;=~t i.~r'~=?, ~~ fit:rc3t , 'v~;'~it1 t:l7P i3S;~L:3t:i=ttiCE- pf tt'te n,:vw e~f'ect 1 Je t gt'tt t- '. r;r; :,~y~cir_ t tr,r c,4~'trt~k t'C~tFe T.C' output.
c~i rcuit , t"c)Crtted as a r ~:~o:rtc~ttt~ ci i~a: ! t ; ti-;H I~ntp I~P9 wi J, 7 tac~e~.~e tk-te rc~c~tti~~at:~ i';~rtitir)cl tlc°,Lt~i:,~~ k:~~:
t:wvcan:-~rvt vcWt~tge ~'t'Itl~it3t',.'~?~lPt~t ~c~ra.t ic~t7.. t r~ a~.~~ra~t-dr~n~~~: .wl.t-3~...~ ht~. tv~:~t~r~t i..nventi i.or _ ~::._...~.~._~..
7:f tk't~~a a,~ttnk.~ w.~x'~ :! ; a>~:)~>, r~fi !~~.:t ~.trt.:~l l_aE~c::c:)trtk=~~ ~;: rjf~~c'°t isre, w , g . rn t1 E~ r 7 fi'' t: l-1 k? t= .i. l ~3 Ttl~:' 't N: F~ c~ ~' ;.. k,_ r , p;, ~~ ,:~ r E- ~- i r '~ ~: <:,y ~ ~ C) , k~ s~ 3. k 'r r ~ ~~ k ~ ,.
t.han,, at.:i~~rtt.r!~t f'r~:c~r: t-;Y-ar=.~ c~~7(t~.~.~, E-,:,t..~.t.t,it,a7 PN~, ~~r..ac.t ~:~vE-:t ~al.t-tc~t.k~c~
4 c1: , T ,'~$ , t ~ T-t C.i c ~t ~v d,"-t t ~ it:. :: ~ r. ~° ~I a: k:
C'u s ~ ,-. ;.,, ~ ~ ~,.r ;,~~ t- ,-, r, ;.; i~ t r c~ n ~-~ 7. ~~ t: ~'~ T' ~;~ 4 0 c~a 'i ~_ ~. S t: C '.1 ~ C~:r ~~, w i t_ Y'~d ' ! l ~~~ r.., 7 ~,.? ~ c ~, t 'f. 4 :~ c:~ r.'! t Z r a n r , ~ t. r" c~ t ! .t, i- , ~ r~ t~ k-t ~t. t t Y't i'rnvr~ct;~-~~.. (~~t~, ~~=C'L t~c3r.zlr~ ~~t i ~ tC:>r-~ c~~,-r ~.t:1°.r~~ ~w~ukn with ~ k~~'oCc~r~
~'~~IdI'(IE'rtte. ~C~~JE?L'~ctt: ; t_1.(~t:"t aft ~:~~'C:'C)l~:Ici~lC:.t~!' 'i~~''!~'~:t'!E~~ ~t'~'-d=."t'tt .t-IVemr i.C?t.u t-k.t~ Yip<~1.-twt:~~:o:~~#wr....~w :-x.;~ ~,~,t.Cv t., Ct~t.et_rul,,~ed i~ t~tm 1r~lll~'W l.~E'~'~E?C'i. I'.:~', k'Jy k:)t t~H'r'.<lr~(:' 1 : ~;rl,::= L'7 I' ~:!'3e' ~ ? ~i~TflE:'Ilfi ~ . i3PCI1 r r~-cjt'lt?):':~1_" 11: 1c~~1 clft'~?I~ ~5 ~irl,?tl!-vt_~t i. ? tlg t '~1P -"j_t'~~IIt L aC)fil fik'1~2 C' energy sttp~~l~° :;«ui_r.~, ~ rtc::r r-~.-t<=m-a~~ c.~a. :. :1 E-re :--~.p~=a_ : ed t c~ trcF~
c::~pac:~~_tc'r c'v43 tlrr~o.<~tt ~ Ct~~ r ~ 3~~C-~:s~ t~~, ~~ tizat: t'he ;.~apac~iCot, ~_~3 ~~~13. rn,~t r Yvr",r-c~~~, ~IttcT.j t,'t~(- . -,r~it=~ø Y-~tw.,~,~~t,~e tt. xckgF't~ pttl~ee ~QT, t.~~tf~ I'J.':~~lt~ P(~'~',:, <3t'7t'~ '-~i~'t_'Y'r '~'r,;.;~-t fi'rat=?
' C<~nC).~~C1I '.~~n tO
c,;~c~i l.l.~:~t;e. c,'nt~C:f~r'..~~aM~t'tt 1.!"', , lt,=; r; DoE !! r k-, ~~~~t c'...k-)t. zdge t.n3~Ve~'t.t=i... rp4~, i,~a~1 Wl.a.7 zur-'>t c :=~~v?'i ~.-~'t~e: ,.trar:.t, it' I klic~ 1 rt~t~.'~
i~ ,.~e~f'ec'tt.~,re, tl~tk=
t.'t. o~A:it w:i 7 1. nc::,i a~~I. r t~<:~t , ~ -~:~tc:t roc. r ~ v ~:,~k:r ~~~:01 ~ ~~,c~a'.~ art 7_ 1. ~tra~Je~r ,',rt t C t. a t a r nn i rw 7_ ~~ c) f t: t r ~> 1=~x rrtk > .
i F~:1 3--47 ~1603~~
Embodiment of Fig. 5:
Tkr c~ c t. r..,.., ~ ~. ~ t: ~ ~ r s~ c: r. , :~ r ° r: 3 ca w o° ~-~ ~.a i ~- ~ A t i~a a p rv a s a r- t i ri v E ra t i o n ~4 tl~.C,~tl~.y' J~?T";lad?'~~.le?, ;:~rl~_~ F"1:~. 'i ~.il.lx at".r:"~te.a 'L~'le 4"ltC:C_lit applied t:_i a :J.arnp taP~ c~~~~~.~ratrrig ~~~ ,. c.c-:~lt:;r start fluorescent lamp, tha*~ is, without ~r:aha~zr;inr:~ of t:h~w filaments.
fhe srl~~~'~ly t::°i c~c:~va C ~.ra~, ,~ t'~-.~,~,l.y c~sc°i.
l.lat ing r~urr-ant teedbaci~ inverlVc~rw ;wire°i_rit, ~~a_rpp3.~r=d t:y ~p c_~..o ,~vr~rer~t source.
Tlie circuit inc ~t~des twc~ bi--~~c_~Ta.: t r-Nrrs ~:~t c~r~. Q50, X751 Connee.t ed t r:~ a rent: er- ~r zrort ~ ~-trr M'7 . 7~r~nc~t ~ r:m M5 1.s ~:.
onnec:t ed 1~? c:rvar tha pr iri:ar~r ~,r:~ric3i..~o~ ~;K'",~-~ cr~_ a t,,;T...r'~~,.,~~~
tx-<~r-nafc_~rroar, c:oupli.nq ~~~apacit:c:r~ c~'5~, a Lws~::>t-mEm:e irvdl_j;~::tarrc.~e L~1, arid a resonance CapaClO:c>rr i:.7t .''e~~~acvit;~_3r' ~~'~v1 .= c:anner,ted to the ~'>o:~iti~~E3 ;~~up~aly vc'r7.ta<~r, .~~ 1:'~ tt':e r:,r°:,l.lcer~tc~r:
c'.rf t: he transistor Q5t~. The low-~pxe~=r;t.rre s a~;,lr~~awga-~ t-:r:r~:.; I~~"'s has art irud~.vidr.zal.
parallel c~i.r~uit Fc~rw'<ec:l try rw:,t:>~-~arn_~e c°ap~~ct,tc,r~ C52 ;~rnd arz ohmic resa st:c~r R50 , Tr:e a:r:~rit:rc~l a ~rwu.r~;.t tr34. t~.rk., ~~al.f--k~rj.dc~e j.~~rverter-.f.r~rmed by tran.si;~tc~r5 (~~aj ~:~;)e~.~. i::a ~r.~: rrmd. x~~y ttie torr.,t.da1 transforrnei- RKS, tree prtmary~ winclJ_trg FK5~a of whi.c~h is 20 Connected i.n t:he-- ~r oa..ri:~~a_r" a ~ rc-~rr~.t: rat= the inverter, The =~e~~oridary wi.nd.i.rrgs RKSk_~, RK.~c:° ~~rc::, r~,°c:~:arae~:t.~:~c:~ tc_~ tYac_~ ~:~a~es o~
the respective t.ranai;~tc~rs c;~SC.i, ~p~~ , whirv~u include r~apacitors C:5::3, C54 and parallel r.~c.:rirzeoted ~:~i.r-,d==~s D'a~, D51.
In -:.rccc~or~at~rc~~r' ~aitt~ t;t~c:7 ~}zrc~~-etzt invent i.on, a high _ rra;~ istarxce d-t..ry path icy a cat ate 1 ~ ~~~c;:ec.~~ wl°'u vi.c~hr ~~c~rweCt s tl~e base Gnt t. he bi.-polar trar~:~~stcyryr~i tc~ taw ~:r~ergy source. "L'his hlgh-re:~istance d-c path Car: be tr:acE,ca ~~:~ fol~ows: Starting from the posit ive terminal cad th~:~ d--~:. ,-r.v.:zr;~e . ~,le.o.tl cade F50 of a7~1 3-4.1 216~3~~
l.~rnup IaP'~ ~° r~~:~~;t~at ~_~t:' ~RF,O . ~; le~°t r rc~~a i~,',>~ ,..c:.~~,c,r-,~~~~c~~ ind~l.caanre 1.,'r~ -- oY~rr~ic~ rrr;~i~~t~,r.. PG~7 i~."~:~~~ 4,~ i_ r ur~f= 3 ,tr:rr ~~5:1 . TYze base czf tr~ansist.ar. c~'~1 i.~; :t~urt.:he~~rw a: ~rici~:,~t~:rc.~ ~ cs r=i~:use L)~l, the parallel..
c:apacit<..~r ~~'~4 aozc; the trari:~fc~r~nuer- w)zrcit.rvg RKSc. Diode L~SI, as can be seen fr~oin Fig. 5; is cA~onnect~=~t: t: ct:t~re k~ase Q51. in d-.-r' 2v.~locki_nr~ c~c~nr~ecticzrz. ~rv ,~c~-t~.fi:~ firu~t D.s~slstor is prc:avidecl, rtamaly ~~ r~E~s:l~>t;c:~r- ~t~?, ratwrlc:',li ~°:r~arzr,.iac~t:,~.;
tt~~:~ ~a~~a c:~f' th~~ t'j.rst..
t:rans:i.ator~ c7.5C' t;c~ t;lia ~:~.~~:,.it 'lv~~:a t;t~~~in~,~:~il. ;f~
tY..ra c~-c soar ca, to form ~~ d-c connEyct ior~i t~~z.. t:'I.ic.-~ kaa:;c~ cat trs~rrsistc~i:~ ~'?~
, I 0 Uperat icon LJpor-~ Niiergi~at t.c~n; the reststc7~.: RS~a and tire high-resistance d-c ~>ath cau~;e tPie transio~;tr~r~ c~5f)i ~~}1 to <.:asc~i.l.late ciz.ze tr:a ~;pr..ir LEo_is d l :t: r.zr.x~srr~rr t~~,~, r lr2t r~crdi.zc~~yd Lay a switching pulse, l.iiie oc~~~;e c_,r. t,i:re :l..~k.e. r~'orrsec~uerntly, tree inverter- ~~~p, Q~~~1 wt.l.l ~;eIV: ~~;cil2ritN~ by t~rie alway:~ present line noise on the plug ~-irlat inzrau~s t:~=ar-!irinaLs. This noise is.
amyl ifi.ed by th~-~ pr.~sit.: i~:.~~> f.~~ectt~<~c'~. c:~r~F~ t~:o tii~>
secon;~ary ~a:i.rrd.ifags R~:Sb, RKS~::, ;~~i tYr~=~~: <~r f .t,~:7t; c~~rze ~uf tYle twc, k.~i-polar t: rarisistor. s w:i 1.1 ~~er°orrita cw~~iiotiac;i-: i.~Mec~, l..l-~t.zs ~.r, ~t iat:; i.ric~
<iscil lr~t t.c:,r,r ,:;~f 'tYrE, ~.rivei t ec° .
Trl acc.cc~danc:e witatv ttie irvvent:l~.5ri, if tl~ierve is an interruption ire the higYn-cwisi~>tanice ~--r~ E~ath, fc>r example due to a break in orze of t.Ym f~ uamez-zts <:ft fi:Y~i#:7 electrodes E50 or.
E51 , t:he Y:~dse a r k~ct t~~:~~~e ~:>f t 2»:~ ~ r ~-~~>~, :a _;t;,~ ~. X51 w~.11 not. r'e,~e ive a ~_~ornt i~ol vcolt<age ui>c~rr r k~ ..~,r,~,r:g I a.,,~~ 1 :~r5 j~ tine ci rrc:u:it attc:ar- it tw~,~ been tvrried ~J~~Fr k.:t~rra:a ~:~cv~vk~tzz:.i.ru:~ r~s~~i_l:lati~~n of tPie i.n~~erter formed k:~y t raz-mx:i.st:c:ars Q~~ii. r~G;l arriz_t tYie e:ir=:~ua.ts connected thereto.
_.
'7813-41 21~C~3~~
The ri mensicpnf~i~g .n t:hte ;~~,i L~:~i~~'~ t:;otry>pnc=rn:;~ ciesc~t: ibecl above depends-t on true ~aojr~~cw~t: r,ai.:Et~ .,,_ s::i~~E-, '.an~p, ;end t~~e ever°gY
eupply, scheruatic'ally i.r~Er::ir~;~r~.aci try ttvc-~ plug, and mi.r~AUS
symbols i_n the drawing.
Fic~. t111.tt~.trate~ t:t~re c~<-~ru~:~l.ete embodiment c~f the circuit to operate a rampac:t flac:~resc~ent lamp of,, far example, ~'3 W power r_at ing fronn a~ netwcark a~.a~_~~.,7 y ::W 1 '0 V at 60 H~~ .
.ihe ramponents rrsect fc~r t: he ~~it ~~o~it: :.fi' F'ig. ~ are 11_sted tn tt~re table forming part c:~f tPzi~ e~_~sa<::l~~vcat.ian.
'l:he c?_r w.tit r7as; ~r ~ r~ee ~ ~r c:~~;r'i1 lit: ir.g 2walf--bridge inverter fanned by MOSii''F!a°iTs '~~,i,.'a~ ,..{,~.~ ~ru a c=:urv'r..ent feedback circuit. F1n elNe:t~ al.yt:~.c:~ c.~~tpac°it:ac- C...,~~, c~anrlected to the output cf ~c rec.t. i.f i.er ~~x,, :~~~rwi~Jl~~ , t,l.,cr~ ~, l~r~ and minus d-r_ energy far the c.vi.rr~t.zit . Trte t'ert: it i.~:r. UiJ is rorxnec.ted through radii nai se f i lte~t: F rtrtcl , ~u:3r- ~~~~I ~-,rltko tr~~~. power' :supply.
True centea:~ :ir.zr~ct..ia.~art hIF ,:~~': t. la-~ ~ti,~.l.t--~;.;: i.dc~k~~
itwrer~t;c.~r fc,rmed by tYte MOSFFT~=a T6~3, 'YF~~i. i~, ~ic:~raur~~c:~t.,~c:i 't:m, Wry ~.~~
cat.ttp~.r't r:°,~trc:uit wraicYt, stat,t i..ng frv7ri~ trawz c~a~W~sr~ t"~~r'm I.r~a1 ~i~',, 1s c~or-:cuactac:t thr:ougtu tyre t:e:~cmatn:e Lr~c3~.~c r arxc::~~ 'fa~:~ rarlr~ t:tve r:v~:>oroarwre c;apac~itc~:r ~~'.f~l. t~c> t,-t-te s~r,,F~;rin c;ur~ar~yc°t:a,:;~L".~
c~~ 'tht~'~ MO~aFF'1' TE~t~. A
rcruplitig <:apacitor C'F~,~! Kxr..cd ,r rc-v~ap'~raru:u:= r ~:tp~~~~~tr:~r~
c''.~1 are caranec:~'t.ed its pari~l:Lel rv:, t'ta-, c°:la at~~k~~tt c~~A p~:~th.
of t;t~te lamp LPt~ . *
Two para11e1 f.i.rc~r~it:;C ~trEj r..ant'n.e,~ter ~~~;vrcv,~s l.:Yve electr~ode:~ F60, E~~1. , :l.rtr-'lr..a.~lirlc~ .., tv:ic:~t~._ ~ ~.,~ i .,R..;~ra,° ~
,;"cap ;~tr'~;w R~C~ artd a PTC
resj.~tar KI,6. ThFr c~erct;c~=~t ya,trrr°t ~.r~tu V~ ir:, r'~~t~tnected tc) a renter *A hi:~h-re~.i:~tat~ce re;:~v.;_>t.r~r Rr=~l a~ ~::ot~n~~rted i.n parallel to t;he roi_a.pl.i.ng ,.-;af.,ac:n.t<:~t~ ~;'r~~.
_ t ~' 7 ~'i :'~. 3 - 41 21 ~o~Q
~unctian between two capacitars r_'~?; t.~'~w, which form preheat ~.nd ignition capacitcat°s. 'I've t~:e:~t~~r ~urr~yti.ar~s '1t:3, tl~
between tha capac:.it:ar'~; t'~~:?, (.'.F~~ t:rr-~c~ :k°re ~ a~~ ~a.t:c~r:~
F~6C~, 1~I~6 aa~f:
interc~onzlet~tec~. .i r-r tt-lio~ z'e~y»:~r::°~: rha:~ r~~.r: ~7.a~ t:
is .dent it~~al to the circuit: of rr~ig. 4. The i.rrvertr~r- farmed by M(~SFETs T60, TF,1 includes, esserutlrxlL~~, ,~wc~ :~ecar~c~ar~,-y windinc.~s Lib and L6c, induct i~,~e ~y cr:>l.a~>l gird t, c~ t: t~xe ~~,c~~mr7c:~~~ ~.nd~.~ct arrc: a L~F~<~ , ar~r~
raspacrt 3.vw~ Iy, cc:)r~nac~t c~~r~ t t':z rt,F-~ yK:~fi ~:a r r.,c y r.,:,r~NS o f t"toe t tans ist ars T60, T61 . l r: ar.iirt-it i a°_,n r t-loe ~~at a elect ractes of the respective trartv~i:st:~~rs t_~r~= ~~r~rrirlet~tec:~~ r c) ..~ ~.aw-pass filter R6.~, ~i rJ a n d R ~'> ~ , ("Coi , r' ru? r; p r? i ". t: :~, '~J H? ~ ~~'' ~ ~ ~"
"' ~=u r."' t ' :1 r"' c"ld 1 t; 1 ~h ~:> r:' .:)"~T j d E' d which irlclr.rdas a-r t~I~E~.~ 7r:'~; ~ r-~t>~~i m i ~:rar i~~~ arid a r:~a.oda p6, as described i-n connectic~rr with ~~ig ~, The= ape rat ion of the c~irc~~3it li.kewis~~ is s~.rt~.~-lar~~ t:c:= that s~esc_ibed ire cannectian w i t: r-~ F i g .
Tr-r ar~c:'orcarrc::a wi.ttr ~, f~-}~~tr~~.r;.:r,~:= tt~a pr-asal...~t., invention; a high--resi;~tnn~~Y c:t-~« p~yt:rt;~ pravided which can kae t raced: ai~.ar: t irvg f r~oril t: ire ~,~r;:> Ll, i vY t f-'~rrs'n~nal caf t. he electrc>lytf.e; r:~~~>ar.~°:ator~° r~h,C~ 1 t.l ~ruc~rrr; aaf e~.ec°trarte ff_~0 o'F lamp ?0 ItE~~ - ~-rsi~ tc~r F:5 C7 ~.. p~~t'~ ~:~~1 ~ E w>l:.r~;r ~'TIa _ r r l.amc~nt. of ~rler~t. r~~~de E61 - resistar R~1 whi~~t-~ brw<~;ge5 t tie ~~~aparitor G64 - resanance induc~tarlct, L6a -- vunc:t: ic,r~ ~~~~ - t-a f~rrrt:)-,er. i~,s~~;ta~. R~~;, tL-~rm~..ne~I. ~'~;?~ ~:~.f c.':~l~i~c'::," it ~":~i''.. ( t"7''' P-~.'t.
itsx.r'1~) i. f:'("i7k:i C)f ~ ,::,3paGit:r3r 7 .- ~ r a g a t i v a t: a r r~n :!. n a -l _; f' t t-g H,~ ~ , 7 ~; r,-:~ t ' ~a 1 y I - i- a cw p~:r c~ ~. t r~ r°' C.' 6 (7 .
The resistor' R6~ is r~r;)rlrrectE?i~~ ft.ar~tri+~r , ;~ the Center ~unctian M6 between true trwrtsist.c~r'~; '~'6~~, 'I'~;1..
_ t ~ ._ ?7H~ 3-41 ~~oo~o~
Caper~at icjn i_Jpnn f i t: ~=~t errc~r-g i. ~ v..r~g rv'te ,. t:cvt.a ~ t 2rr5yr ,r, c:~nr~ect ink i t to a souroe of a-c~ suppl;%, trte ir~wer r:er ~i.Il receive d-c energy frcarn the electro~yti,_~ c:wp~-tc~It:c~r- C"~C), The start c~apaCitc~r E~'61 i~ c~tr~rcJe~ ~~a~,~r_ ~':J~~~
~_~t?c.~~,~e~..rrrerrt;ic:~t~r~acl c:J-c~ patri, sc~
t.rrrrt the I~IAc.' ~C'.f~ r,.'~~=~r~ rr~ap~~:l Y k:,r.':' i~:Jc~er:
I:ata.J:~e~ tc~ 1'J-re gc~t:e ~~f the t: ransistot' T51 ~.-rn~a thzt_a~:, c_~r~ta~~~ firr~e Jz~~ i t -lr}ri.dgE=
inverter T~50, T61 to osci_ll.ate. Aftr=z c~~,:~i.:Llat::ltar~~ t~~a~ started, ~;t:arting ~~apa~:.itc~r r:~67 is dl~;;,.t.karv~ed ;:~~,re~ r.Jr~< <~a~,fle C)~ to 5i~tCh an 1.C~ extent that: ra<:, ft.tr.'t lvr~r: ~ r lg~Je~ ~ nv=1~~~~~~r~- t i J:a~, derived frr7m tJ'te ~1IAC CrCE~ . TY~e~ ~.tw,~~=rat a r 'l:'~f) , "1.'E~ g ~~t.t~.;~;~:1. i. e:~ a h igtu-_ f t: ec~uenc y al.ternati..r~c~ ct.arret~at: tc~ t Yre 1_~C ~n-t.at:pt..tt ,:°irr~t.ti.t ~rnd hence tea the lamp LP6 as welf_ as tJ3e ~~ars~l:Jel r:i.r.~,~~tit.a ccarmected to the lamp LF~ . Typ i a°a l f reyt~anc~. '; t:~::: ,-tc.e ~~,l:weer~ about 2C1 kHz arid X00 kHz. Fi_t~:t: , gin. rr~er'rt wa i_ ~ f. Jr,w ~..~~t-.f>t.aFlkr tyre ~1_Lamente EFO, E61, throttgYr t:Ya~~ Yt~~~t. ir,tcP~ ~:~ytar~c°~.°~.r~.r' C f :. r~rad tro.E3 FTC re~i~t~>r KL~ . Ttti.~ heat :i nc~ crt_trw~zrnt ~ ~, ,:, .f hti.~tt~ f r~~rlt~enry " As the PTC
resietor r'teats, it.s r-e:~i:~C:arrce ~.rrc~rF:~r:ewx~xich terminates the preJZeatirtg pYra~~t. TJoe f~~3'C" i.~~,.i°~~t:~.at.°' Lac~~GC3rrte.~ ~ter'y higt'rly ?~ rvesietive :~o ttu~t, w:f.t.:~r iJre r~h:=,t:~-,fi.r~t~a ~:~ c,~~ i.:~.-ae ncaw effective, th~a.t 1:~, nc~t es~er~t ial ~~s~ kv~r' c~<~ec.:~, w. c3r-iit. ie}n c~apac,:l.tcar.~ C~:3 and the L.,C ot.tt:put c:t rc~>_;i.t ~ t t~ra oec~es~~tt°~ igtr ~ .-ton vultac~e fc~r~ the lamp will be obtaitret~ ln~,a rrye:rc~rmrant vc} ir~,~~t~ enhancement .
Wherr the zanr~~ L,Pt=> tmt:~ f it care a a ",-rigs,-. f reyreruCY
ator_~xarlt will flaw c-w~~r: tr~~r ,Jf~tc:tr-tr~.:~~ ~;~atlt c~2r tt~ra l~r~n~> LPa~ and a ~~-r~ c.~ur~r.erzt: J-Jr.rcmm~VtA'.r t.r~.e> c:J r:~ ~~a<_at. Ar. 'Tire arnpl it:t.,rde :af tYti,~ c~--s~;.t .rt:~et~t i~ 1.e~5 by twca :'ar~derw «f nt~r~r~ i.tr_t~:~e than the a-c ~~~~ey~' generated by th~r i.r~merrHar° ~ :~c~_, t;,l~~~t: r~~::;~ ir~-~~rTferer~rc;~e witrr the operation caf the lamp w.t.l:1 ~~esul.t:.
In ac: c:~~rr'°c~a.n<_~a c~it~n f Pra Lr~~~~~:ar~~~:: ~ r~rv, :~.fr c,rra of tYra filaments of the electrc:~des ~~a(~ c:~r E;1 soould break, the ahrwe--desc;r°ibed Yo:ic~Yr-ce~a~.;t<~rcc°e 2i__c~ t,,,~~rt-, ;r=~ j.nterrt.rpt:ed, since the electrodes F60; E~l are :~eriall.y integrated in the d-c path. TYve lamp wi:Lt carzt:,i.nrze :ca fr~n.°.~t.i.nrn y>a lar~g as it energised, even i.f a f_ilamerrt sf~rc:.uld break. Upon re-energizing the lan°y~, irc>wEaverv, it: Sri a 1 r~~~?;, iroie po:~six:°~l.e to start the lamp. Upon renewed c~onr~ec~tic:=n c.f th+~ circuit to ON, the star ting c~apa~:itor ~,~~~7 wi.2l, rrc;:~t ~~c5 crv~r.rct~~d, arid thus no t rigger pu lees wi l l be avai LaT:~la f rarr~ the UIAC DC6 far the gate of th~~ transi~t~~r "Y'~91., C.'°o~utrieduerrt:l.:~, t: he rralf-bridge inverter T60, T~~I will riot start to c:a~acillate.
~,ar- ic:urs c:xrarlc~~s and ~np7i~ if r c ;.~.t ic~n~> nay be rnade a:nd the invention is not re:~tri.~ted l:o ttvca ar~cve-described ~~mbodin~ent:s car exarn~~l_es. TW = c::t ~~. i>r~t°1~:;
c:°a~~~r be pro~rided in various circuit arrangerkientr~ wltiv different types of invartar.s, far, axanvp:lE, wtt.a~r :~:~:v.'.1'd .k~~:-i,:.tgra ~_c~avart:ar-;~~ o'rr tha l.lka.
It i.s al so possible to ncor-pc7r:~fie t:?~e d-c path in single t ransistor blcuck i.ng o,~~c:.:a J lat r~r~.;~ wh ~ c'f.~ ,,_,an.r tie L;wsed advantageously to operate law;--~pG~essur c=~ d .schatge lamps from low-voltage ~mrpply ~~avr;:,c:;~e~;. F~ry~ t~c~aafi°;~.ure:~a c~e:~cr~.bec:t irr connection with aray one of t:Yve e~Y~k>E~dimen!:;~, thus, can be 'used wit; In in tha s~:ap~~ c°,~f tYa~:a i.nvc,~nt; ;a vF='~
c°;c.~r~c::a,pt: , rrc_rt c>r~ly for tha embodiments described b~.rtv :~~5r, ir. ~:~:ia:ferknt circui.t~:.
~u i. t a)'n :i a era 1 ~..r a s f c:7 rv rr c; i r c_. ~.,i :~. t: 2:~ a s ra o wru i. rr ~' i g . ~a r a shown in tYue table be:l..~w. .;vit.;~x::ie ~~alu~7s for circuits shown ~~ .1 in Figs. 1 to 5 can then be derived by engineering knowledge, considering the power rating of the lamp involved and the voltage of the supply source.
R60,R61 100 KS2 R63,R64 680 S2 C60 47 ~F
C61,C62 10 nF
C63 4.7 nF
C64 47 nF
C65,C66 6.8 nF
C67 100 nF
T60,T61 MOSFET, IRFU224 L6a 1.2 mH
According to one aspect of this invention there is provided operating circuit for operation of one (LP1; LP4;
LP5; LP6) or more than one (LP20, LP21; LP30, LP31) low-pressure discharge lamp or lamps from a source of d-c electrical energy, having an inverter circuit coupled to said source and providing high-frequency a-c operating energy for said lamp or lamps, said inverter circuit including at least one semiconductor element (T10, T11; T20, T21; T30, T31; Q40, Q41; Q50, Q51; T60, T61) connected in an oscillatory circuit; an inverter starting and oscillation control circuit (ST1; ST2; ST3; RK4b; C43; RKSb, RKSc; C54;
L6c, C67) providing oscillation starting and maintenance control signals to at least one semiconductor element (T10, T11; T20, T21; T30, T31; Q40, Q41; Q50, Q51; T60, T61), said operating circuit comprising, in accordance with the invention, means for inhibiting application of starting and oscillation maintenance control signals to the at least one semiconductor element (T10, T11; T20, T21; T30, T31; Q40, Q41; Q50, Q51; T60, T61) of the inverter circuit, said circuit means including at least one high-resistance d-c circuit path coupling the oscillation control circuit ~(ST1; ST2; ST3; RK4b; C43; RKSb, RKSc; C54; L6c, C67) to the at least one semiconductor element (T10, T11; T20, T21; T30, T31; Q40, Q41; Q50, Q51; T60, T61) of the inverter to said source, said high-resistance d-c path including all the filaments of the electrodes (E10, E11; E20, E21, E22, E23;
E30, E31, E32, E33; E40, E41; E50, E51; E60, E61) Of the lamp or lamps (LP1; LP4, LP5; LP6; LP20, LP21; LP30, LP31), whereby, upon failure of any one of the filament of the electrodes (E10, E11; E20, E21, E22, E23; E30, E31, E32, E33; E40, E41; E50, E51; E60, E61), the d-c circuit path will be interrupted, thereby decoupling said oscillation control circuit (ST1; ST2; ST3; RK4b, C43; RK5b, RKSc; C54;
L6c, C67) from the at least one semiconductor element (T10, T11; T20, T21; T30, T31; Q40, Q41; Q50, Q51; T60, T61) and inhibiting oscillation upon reenergization of the operating circuit from the d-c energy supply.
- 22a -
Claims (7)
1. Operating circuit for operation of one (LP1; LP4;
LP5; LP6) or more than one (LP20, LP21; LP30, LP31) low-pressure discharge lamp or lamps from a source a d-c electrical energy, having an inverter circuit coupled to said source and providing high-frequency a-c operating energy for said lamp or lamps, said inverter circuit including at least one semiconductor element (T10, T11; T20, T21;
T30, T31; Q40, Q41; Q50, Q51; T60, T61) connected in an oscillatory circuit;
an inverter starting and oscillation control circuit (ST1; ST2; ST3; RK4b; C43; RK5b, RK5c; C54; L6c, C67) providing oscillation starting and maintenance control signals to at least one semiconductor element (T10, T11; T20, T21;
T30, T31; Q40, Q41; Q50, Q51; T60, T61), said operating circuit comprising, in accordance with the invention, means for inhibiting application of starting and oscillation maintenance control signals to the at least one semiconductor element (T10, T11; T20, T21; T30, T31; Q40, Q41;
Q50, Q51; T60, T61) of the inverter circuit, said circuit means including at least one high-resistance d-c circuit path coupling the oscillation control circuit (ST1; ST2; ST3; RK4b; C43;
-23-~
RK5b, RK5c; C54; L6c, C67) to the at least one semiconductor element (T10, T11; T20, T21; T30, T31; Q40, Q41; Q50, Q51;
T60, T61) of the inverter to said source, said high-resistance d-c path including all the filaments of the electrodes (E10, E11; E20, E21, E22, E23; E30, E31, E32, E33; E40, E41; E50, E51; E60, E61) of the lamp or lamps (LP1;
LP4, LP5; LP6; LP20, LP21; LP30, LP31), whereby, upon failure of any one of the filament of the electrodes (E10, E11; E20, E21, E22, E23; E30, E31, E32, E33;
E40, E41; E50, E51; E60, E61), the d-c circuit path will be interrupted, thereby decoupling said oscillation control circuit (ST1; ST2; ST3; RK4b, C43; RK5b, RK5c; C54; L6c, C67) from the at least one semiconductor element (T10, T11; T20, T21; T30, T31; Q40, Q41; Q50, Q51; T60, T61) and inhibiting oscillation upon reenergization of the operating circuit from the d-c energy supply.
LP5; LP6) or more than one (LP20, LP21; LP30, LP31) low-pressure discharge lamp or lamps from a source a d-c electrical energy, having an inverter circuit coupled to said source and providing high-frequency a-c operating energy for said lamp or lamps, said inverter circuit including at least one semiconductor element (T10, T11; T20, T21;
T30, T31; Q40, Q41; Q50, Q51; T60, T61) connected in an oscillatory circuit;
an inverter starting and oscillation control circuit (ST1; ST2; ST3; RK4b; C43; RK5b, RK5c; C54; L6c, C67) providing oscillation starting and maintenance control signals to at least one semiconductor element (T10, T11; T20, T21;
T30, T31; Q40, Q41; Q50, Q51; T60, T61), said operating circuit comprising, in accordance with the invention, means for inhibiting application of starting and oscillation maintenance control signals to the at least one semiconductor element (T10, T11; T20, T21; T30, T31; Q40, Q41;
Q50, Q51; T60, T61) of the inverter circuit, said circuit means including at least one high-resistance d-c circuit path coupling the oscillation control circuit (ST1; ST2; ST3; RK4b; C43;
-23-~
RK5b, RK5c; C54; L6c, C67) to the at least one semiconductor element (T10, T11; T20, T21; T30, T31; Q40, Q41; Q50, Q51;
T60, T61) of the inverter to said source, said high-resistance d-c path including all the filaments of the electrodes (E10, E11; E20, E21, E22, E23; E30, E31, E32, E33; E40, E41; E50, E51; E60, E61) of the lamp or lamps (LP1;
LP4, LP5; LP6; LP20, LP21; LP30, LP31), whereby, upon failure of any one of the filament of the electrodes (E10, E11; E20, E21, E22, E23; E30, E31, E32, E33;
E40, E41; E50, E51; E60, E61), the d-c circuit path will be interrupted, thereby decoupling said oscillation control circuit (ST1; ST2; ST3; RK4b, C43; RK5b, RK5c; C54; L6c, C67) from the at least one semiconductor element (T10, T11; T20, T21; T30, T31; Q40, Q41; Q50, Q51; T60, T61) and inhibiting oscillation upon reenergization of the operating circuit from the d-c energy supply.
2. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the inverter circuit is a half-bridge inverter;
at least one LC output circuit being connected to the half-bridge inverter, said lamp or lamps (LP1; LP4, LP5; LP6;
LP20, LP21; LP30, LP31) being connected in said LC output circuit;
wherein each of the electrodes (E10, E11; E20, E21, E22, E23; E30, E31, E32, E33; E40, E41; E50, E51; E60, E61) of the lamps include filaments;
wherein each of said filaments (E10, E11; E20, E21, E22, E23; E30, E31, E32, E33; E40, E41; E50, E51; E60, E61) is connected in series, in said high-resistance d-c path; and wherein said high resistance d-c path provides a connection for the control circuit (ST1; ST2; ST3; RK4b, C43;
RK5b, RK5c; C54; L6c, C67) of the inverter with the source of d-c energy.
at least one LC output circuit being connected to the half-bridge inverter, said lamp or lamps (LP1; LP4, LP5; LP6;
LP20, LP21; LP30, LP31) being connected in said LC output circuit;
wherein each of the electrodes (E10, E11; E20, E21, E22, E23; E30, E31, E32, E33; E40, E41; E50, E51; E60, E61) of the lamps include filaments;
wherein each of said filaments (E10, E11; E20, E21, E22, E23; E30, E31, E32, E33; E40, E41; E50, E51; E60, E61) is connected in series, in said high-resistance d-c path; and wherein said high resistance d-c path provides a connection for the control circuit (ST1; ST2; ST3; RK4b, C43;
RK5b, RK5c; C54; L6c, C67) of the inverter with the source of d-c energy.
3. The circuit of claim 1, wherein at least two serially connected low-pressure discharge lamps (LP20, LP21) are provided, connected in an LC output circuit from the inverter;
the electrodes (E20, E21, E22, E23) of the serially connected low-pressure discharge lamps (LP20, LP21) all being formed by filaments and serially connected in said high resistance d-c path; and wherein the high-resistance d-c path connects the control circuit (ST2) of the inverter with the source of d-c energy.
the electrodes (E20, E21, E22, E23) of the serially connected low-pressure discharge lamps (LP20, LP21) all being formed by filaments and serially connected in said high resistance d-c path; and wherein the high-resistance d-c path connects the control circuit (ST2) of the inverter with the source of d-c energy.
4. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the inverter includes a plurality of parallel connected LC output circuits;
each LC output circuit includes at least one low-pressure discharge lamp (LP30, LP31);
one each high-resistance d-c circuit path being provided for each LC output circuit, in which the low pressure discharge lamp (LP30, LP31), or lamps, connected to the respective output circuits have all their electrodes formed as filaments, and serially connected in the respective high-resistance d-c paths;
an AND-gate (U) is provided, connecting the high-resistance d-c paths with the inputs to the AND-gate and to a voltage supply source; and wherein the output of the AND-gate (U) is connected to the control circuit (ST3) for the inverter.
each LC output circuit includes at least one low-pressure discharge lamp (LP30, LP31);
one each high-resistance d-c circuit path being provided for each LC output circuit, in which the low pressure discharge lamp (LP30, LP31), or lamps, connected to the respective output circuits have all their electrodes formed as filaments, and serially connected in the respective high-resistance d-c paths;
an AND-gate (U) is provided, connecting the high-resistance d-c paths with the inputs to the AND-gate and to a voltage supply source; and wherein the output of the AND-gate (U) is connected to the control circuit (ST3) for the inverter.
5. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the inverter is a half-bridge inverter.
6. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the inverter is a freely oscillating current feedback inverter.
7. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the inverter comprises an oscillation controlled inverter, controlling the oscillations thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP4436463.6 | 1994-10-12 | ||
| DE4436463A DE4436463A1 (en) | 1994-10-12 | 1994-10-12 | Circuit arrangement for operating one or more low-pressure discharge lamps |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2160309A1 CA2160309A1 (en) | 1996-04-13 |
| CA2160309C true CA2160309C (en) | 2004-12-07 |
Family
ID=6530591
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002160309A Expired - Fee Related CA2160309C (en) | 1994-10-12 | 1995-10-11 | Operating circuit for at least one low-pressure discharge lamp, especially for one or more fluorescent lamps, and method of safe operation |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0707437B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH08213178A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100334378B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2160309C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4436463A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19819671B4 (en) * | 1998-05-02 | 2008-04-10 | Insta Elektro Gmbh | Circuit arrangement for the protection of fluorescent lamps and electronic ballast |
| DE19916080C2 (en) * | 1999-04-09 | 2001-11-22 | Vossloh Schwabe Elektronik | Ballast with error detection |
| DE10200022A1 (en) | 2002-01-02 | 2003-07-17 | Philips Intellectual Property | Circuit arrangement for operating one or more lamps |
| DE10206731B4 (en) * | 2002-02-18 | 2016-12-22 | Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg | Lamp sensor for a ballast for operating a gas discharge lamp |
| KR100625262B1 (en) | 2004-04-14 | 2006-09-20 | 조당 | Electronic Ballast for High Voltage Discharge Fluorescent Lamp with Improved Resonance Output Circuit |
| KR100686471B1 (en) * | 2005-10-11 | 2007-02-26 | 주식회사 화승전기 | Electronic ballasts with improved efficiency and improved output characteristics |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3869640A (en) * | 1973-07-09 | 1975-03-04 | Taras Avenir Kolomyjec | Power supply arrangement for fluorescent tubes, thermionic devices and the like |
| DE3805510A1 (en) * | 1988-02-22 | 1989-08-31 | Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR OPERATING A LOW-PRESSURE DISCHARGE LAMP |
| US5220247A (en) * | 1992-03-31 | 1993-06-15 | Moisin Mihail S | Circuit for driving a gas discharge lamp load |
| DE4303595A1 (en) * | 1993-02-08 | 1994-08-11 | Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | Circuit arrangement for operating a fluorescent lamp |
-
1994
- 1994-10-12 DE DE4436463A patent/DE4436463A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-10-02 EP EP95115565A patent/EP0707437B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-10-02 DE DE59509422T patent/DE59509422D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-10-09 JP JP7288005A patent/JPH08213178A/en active Pending
- 1995-10-11 CA CA002160309A patent/CA2160309C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-10-12 KR KR1019950035028A patent/KR100334378B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2160309A1 (en) | 1996-04-13 |
| KR960016646A (en) | 1996-05-22 |
| EP0707437A3 (en) | 1997-12-03 |
| KR100334378B1 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
| DE59509422D1 (en) | 2001-08-23 |
| EP0707437A2 (en) | 1996-04-17 |
| DE4436463A1 (en) | 1996-04-18 |
| JPH08213178A (en) | 1996-08-20 |
| EP0707437B1 (en) | 2001-07-18 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |