CA2152385A1 - Process for manufacturing cold water soluble and chill stable ready to drink tea, and product - Google Patents
Process for manufacturing cold water soluble and chill stable ready to drink tea, and productInfo
- Publication number
- CA2152385A1 CA2152385A1 CA002152385A CA2152385A CA2152385A1 CA 2152385 A1 CA2152385 A1 CA 2152385A1 CA 002152385 A CA002152385 A CA 002152385A CA 2152385 A CA2152385 A CA 2152385A CA 2152385 A1 CA2152385 A1 CA 2152385A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tea
- pectin
- product
- tea product
- solids
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/16—Tea extraction; Tea extracts; Treating tea extract; Making instant tea
- A23F3/163—Liquid or semi-liquid tea extract preparations, e.g. gels, liquid extracts in solid capsules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/16—Tea extraction; Tea extracts; Treating tea extract; Making instant tea
- A23F3/18—Extraction of water soluble tea constituents
Abstract
Clear consumer acceptable acidified ready-to-drink tea products prepared from instant teas as well as fresch brewed teas and methods for their preparation are disclosed. A tea solution containing 0.3 % tea solids or less is stabilised, before or after acidifying to a pH of 4.5 or less, by the addition of high methoxy pectin in an amount of 50 to 500 ppm.
Description
WO94/1~29 21~ 2 3 8 ~ PCT~3/03621 .
PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING COLD WATER
SOLUBLE AND CHILL STABLE READY TO DRINK TEA, AND PRODUCT
This application is a continuation-in-part patent application of Gobbo et al. S/N 07/994,805, filed December 22, 1992.
This invention generally relates to a process for manufacturing a "crystal clear" cold water soluble, chill stable, and acid stable ready-to-drink tea, as well as to the product produced thereby.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The production of ready-to-drink iced tea beverages which are crystal clear, cold water soluble and stable when the formulation is acidified for balanced fruit flavors and/or microbiological stability has been difficult to achieve, when using either fresh brewed tea solids or instantized tea ingredients. When all natural, real brewed tea based products are to be produced, preparation of clear beverages is especially difficult due to tea cream formation and acid instability. This is especially evident when the preferred black teas are employed.
Japanese patent application No. 61-68186 filed March 27, 1986 employs a hot water decoction of black tea to which a selected amount of a solution of high methoxy pectin is added. The combination is acidified with citric acid to about pH 3 and observed for turbidity. The mixture is said to remain with no turbidity for about one month.
The use of high methoxy pectin to stabilize acidified milk drinks is discussed in several product brochures by Hercules and by Copenhagen Pectin A/S.
~V094/14329 ~ , PCT~3/03621 ~
~ ~238~
Cold extraction of vegetable matter is disclosed in German patent application DE 320310OA1 disclosure date 8/4/83 and Canadian patent 927664.
A cloud system for beverage mixes containing methoxy pectin is disclosed in U.S. 4,529,613.
JP 4,045,774 discloses ultrafiltration of green tea to preserve it by removing high molecular weight components one of which is pectin.
GB 1,294,543 discloses addition of pectin isolated from tea leaf to tea extracts prior to spray drying, for control of powder density.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Preparation of instant teas is well known in the art and generally involves extraction of tea through inumerable well known processes. The extract may then be treated enzymatically or chemically to render it soluble in cold water and to, in some cases, develop desirable color. The extract is also preferably clarified by known means such as filtration or centrifugation. The extract is then concentrated and dried preferably to a level of 5% moisture or less again by means known to the art. Preparation of tea solids for subsequent dissolution is disclosed in, for example, GB patent 2,208,096A
and U.S. 3,666,484 both of which are incorporated by reference herein.
In one embodiment of this invention such powdered instant teas are substantially dissolved in water to form tea solutions which are then treated according to the processes of the invention with high methoxy pectin.
~ ~V094/14329 21~ 2 ~ ~ ~ PCT~W3/03621 Another embodiment of the invention also involves the extraction of tea or blends of tea, preferably low creaming black teas at temperatures of less than 180F using a preferred water to leaf ratio of 4:l to 30:l preferably in a fixed or static bed extractor. The tea extract, which can be black, green, oolong or mixtures of these is used to formulate a "ready to drink" tea beverage at pH 4.5 or below. The amount of tea extract used to formulate the beverage is regulated to provide a concentration of tea solids in the beverage of 0.3% or less. Sweeteners, acids and other flavors can be added to achieve beverages with desired flavor characteristics.
High methoxy citrus pectin according to the invention is added at a beverage concentration of 50-500 ppm to impart improved flavor and product acid stability.
In one aspect, the unique combination of low temperature extraction of low creaming teas in a fixed bed extractor to create a tea extract free from leaf fines, the use of this extract to deliver tea solids to a beverage at 0.3~ or less and the addition of the selected pectin results in the preparation of an all-natural brewed tea based ready-to-drink products. The product, produced using this process, whether instant tea or fresh brewed tea extract is employed, can be packaged into cans, bottles or boxed drink packets by thermal processing or by the use of preservatives for microbiological stability. These products remain substantially crystal clear and free from sedimentation when stored under refrigerated or ambient temperatures for at least 4 to 6 months. In addition, the product prepared using this inventive process is significantly preferred in taste when tested using research panels.
WO94/14329 . PCT~3/03621 ~
21 a2385 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Instant teas prepared by methods well known to those skilled in the art can be used to advantage with the process of the invention. Most instant teas when used to create acidified ready-to-drink beverage develop haze and floc upon storage.
Black teas, particularly those selected to have a low cream index and which produce highly colored infusions are essentially preferred for the process but, of course, Green and Oolong teas may also be employed if appropriate care is taken.
Preferably, black tea with the above characteristics is extracted with water at a temperature of about 60F to 180F at water to leaf ratios of from about 4:1 to 30:1. Higher or lower water to leaf ratios could be employed but are impractical. It is preferred to extract the tea at about 90F
at a water to leaf ratio of 10:1.
The extraction process is conducted in a vessel such as a column where tea leaf remains static or fixed as a bed of from 6 inches to 20 inches, but most preferably 14-15 inches.
Extraction of the tea leaves in such a static bed allows for good yield of tea solids and the resulting extract is substantially free of insoluble materials. Extraction of the tea as a loose leaf in agitated extractors such as a kettle or in continuous extractors can also produce extracts of the desired chemical composition and flavor for producing the desired low creaming ready-to-drink beverage but require additional processing through equipment such as centrifuges or filters to remove leaf fines. Extraction of the tea at low temperature selectively removes desirable tea flavor components, color, and results in a polyphenol pro~ile which W094/14329 PCT~3/03621 ~ 21~385 will not form tea cream when formulated into beverages at a tea solids level of 0.3% or less. When black teas which are high cream formers are extracted at low temperature, or black teas are extracted at elevated temperatures, these teas will form cream in beverage formulations unless the cream is removed or the tea is treated using chemicals or enzymes.
These steps are costly and result in loss of tea flavor.
Preparation of tea beverages either instant or fresh brewed with fruit flavors requires acidification to a pH of 2.5-4.5 to result in formulations with a desirable flavor balance.
Fruit flavored beverages prepared from either brewed tea solids or instant tea solids when rendered cold water soluble by methods known to those skilled in the art can be initially clear, especially if the extraction process described above is followed, but gradually develop haze. Sedimentation of solids from these beverages occurs after storage for periods of time ranging form as short as a week to as long as 6-12 weeks. The haze and sediment which forms is not typical tea cream but rather is an insoluble complex which forms as a result of exposure to acidic conditions below about pH 4.5. The formation of this insoluble complex, which results in floc and haze is accelerated by elevated storage temperatures (120F) and is retarded by refrigerated storage. This insoluble complex is different from tea cream which is chiefly composed of caffeine and the tea polyphenols, theaflavins and thearubigens. This complex is low in caffeine and contains high molecular weight materials of 1000 daltons or more. The floc and haze resulting from this complex can be solubilized by raising the pH of the solution above about 4.5 but rapidly returns when the beverage is acidified below about pH 4.5. It has been found that the addition of high methoxy citrus pectin at concentrations from about 50 ppm to 500 ppm on a beverage basis preferably 100 to 300 ppm will significantly reduce the ~VO94/14329 i PCT~W3/03621 ~
~15238~
development of haze and prevents sedimentation of material from beverages in the pH range of 2.5 to 4.5. Beverages prepared using either the instant tea or the tea extract from the process described above will remain crystal clear and sediment free when formulated at pH 4.5 and below. It has also been found that the addition of citrus pectin to tea beverage formulations significantly improves the acceptability of the product when evaluated for flavor using research test panels.
In practice the acidified tea beverages can be stabilized by the addition of 50-500 ppm of high methoxy pectin such as citrus, apple or tea pectin on a beverage basis. Higher levels of pectin can be employed but induce changes as flavor and beverage acceptability. The citrus pectin for example i5 solubilized in water and can be added to the tea solution prior to acidification or following addition of flavoring components and acid. It is preferred to add the pectin prior to acidification to provide the maximum benefit of the pectin.
The pectin could also be dry blended with the tea leaves and rendered soluble during the extraction process. The resulting beverage can be packaged and preserved by the addition of antimicrobial agents such as sodium benzoate and sorbic acid or by thermal processing.
The pectin employed is preferably a high methoxy pectin.
Pectin is a hydrocolloid consisting mainly of partial methyl esters of polygalacturonic acid. The acid groups are partly neutralized by ammonium, calcium, potassium and sodium ions.
Typically, it is obtained by aqueous extraction of plant materials such as citrus fruit and applies. Full descriptions of pectins and high methoxy pectins are contained in Polysaccharides in Food by Blanshard et al. (1979) Butterworth Publishers, pages 185 to 193. The distinction between high ~ W094/1~29 215 2 3 ~ ~ PCT~3/03621 methoxy pectin and low methoxy pectin is set out on page 192 and generally depends on The degree of esterification. High methoxy pectin being about 50% to 80% esterified, low, methoxy pectin being about 25% or less.
The main structural feature of pectin is a linear chain of 1,4-linked ~-D-glacturonic acid units, although almost all pectins contain a number of neutral sugars such as L-rhamnose, D-galactose and L-arabinose. Normally some of the glacturonic acid carboxyl groups are esterified with methyl alcohol. A
methoxyl content of about 14% is theoretically possible with 100% esterification. However, this is never achieved and most high methoxyl pectins have 50-80% of the theoretical carboxyl groups esterified. By removing methoxyl groups to a degree of esterification (DE) less than 50% (< 7% methoxyl), a change in functional behavior is obtained that makes these low methoxyl pectins behave like a completely new family of polymers, more closely related to alginates than to pectins.
Pectins can form two types of gels depending upon their degree of esterification. Regular high methoxyl pectins will form gels at acid pHs and in the presence of a high concentration of sugar. Low methoxyl pectins are similar to alginates in gelling properties, and require a divalent cation such as calcium, in order to gel. These gels can be formed without sugar and over a wide pH range. Low methoxyl pectins have DEs in the 20-40 range, but the gelling behavior of LM pectins depends not only on the DE but also on the de-esterification method used.
Pectin and Low Methoxyl Pectin are also described in Food Carbohydrates by Lineback (AVI Publishing Co. 1982) pp. 283 WO94tl4329 21 5 2 3 8 S PCT~3/03621 ~
and 284 substantially as above.
The type of pectin preferably used is a high methoxy pectin such as GENU JMJ pectin a registered trademark of Hercules Inc. The pectin is disclosed as a stabilizing agent for acidified acid fermented milk drinks. This type of pectin contains small quantities of sugar to standardize gel strength or viscosity. GENU JMJ is typically used as a stabilizing agent in acidified milk drinks. It has a stabilizing power of 130 + 5 grade SAM and a pH in a 1% solution of deionized water of about 3.60 to 4.40. The degree of esterification is typically about 72%. It is completely soluble in deionized water at 60C with agitation. It is a free flowing, non-caking granulate with a particle size such that less than 1%
pectin is left or a 0.250 mm test sieve. Additionally, GENU
VIS pectin which is also a registered trademark of Hercules Inc. is operable.
The GENU VIS pectin has a degree off esterification of typically about 70%, is completely soluble in deionized water at 60C with agitation and has a particle size of less than 1%
retained on a 0.250 mm test sieve. The viscosity of a 4%
solution is about 400 to 500 pH and a 1% solution in deionized water has a pH of about 2.90-3.40. This type of pectin is typically extracted from citrus peel and is preferably all natural. The GENU VIS has been used to impart viscosity and mouthfeel to beverages, for example, diet soft drinks, fruit drinks, barbecue and other sauces and frostings.
All parts, percentages and proportions contained herein are by weight unless otherwise specified.
~ WO94/14329 PCT~3/03621 g Fresh brewed extracts of black tea were prepared by extraction of 800 pounds of low creaming black tea blend. The tea was filled into a cylindrical column extractor 6 feet in diameter by 4 feet in height. The bed of tea when filled into the extractor had a height of 15 inches. Water at 90F was sprayed onto the surface of the bed of tea until 1152 gallons of water had been added. The resulting brewed tea extract was used to prepare a syrup from which ready-to-drink beverages would be prepared. The beverage syrup was formulated by adding 2365 gallons of high fructose corn sweetener to 10952 pounds of black tea extract followed by the addition of a lemon flavor system and 450 pounds of citric acid. Water was added to adjust the final volume to 4500 gallons. Purified water was added to 916.7 gallons of syrup to a final volume of 5500 gallons under constant agitation and the resulting single strength beverage was hot packed into 16 ounce glass bottles at 190F. This product was used as control product.
A product containing 150 ppm citrus pectin was prepared in a similar manner. To 916.7 gallons of beverage syrup 4533.3 gallons of purified water was added under agitation. 7.1 pounds of high methoxy citrus pectin was slowly added to 50 gallons of water at 100F in a liquefier and allowed to mix for 10 minutes to completely solubilize the pectin. The pectin solution was added to the diluted beverage syrup to produce single strength beverage containing 150 ppm pectin.
The beverage was hot filled into 16 ounce bottles at 190F.
The control product and pectin containing products were both crystal clear when initially produced with haze values as measured using a Hunger Spectrophotometer of 16.42 and 14.54;
respectively.
WO94/14329 PCT~3/03621 ~
215~85 10 The products were placed in storage under refrigerated (40F), ambient (70F), and accelerated (91F) conditions and in a water bath at 120F.
Results:
The following table shows the Hunter Color haze values of the ready-to-drink beverages as a function of storage time and condition.
EFFECT OF CITRUS PECTIN ON HUNTER HAZE VALUES AS A FUNCTION
OF STORAGE TEMPERATURE AND TIME
WEEKS CONTROL PECTIN CONTROL PECTIN CONTROL PECTIN
0 16.54 16.42 16.54 16.42 16.5416.42 2 33.66 23.58 23.16 12.83 29.3115.06 4 42.30 21.88 40.86 19.30 56.8821.22 6 45.54 32.40 41.62 22.90 69.7426.72 13 50.73 22.04 68.87 24.94 81.4431.84 The high clarity of both the control and pectin containing samples at time zero demonstrates the effectiveness of the extraction process for production of a brewed tea product which is free from cream and leaf fines. Storage of the samples at 120F results in rapid development of haze and ~ WO94/14329 215 2 3 8 ~ PCT~3/03621 sedimentation in the control. Visual observations after one week storage at this temperature showed significant differences between the samples. The control sample without pectin was very cloudy and contained precipitate while the sample containing 150 ppm citrus pectin was clear and sediment free. The haze data in Table 1 clearly shows the effectiveness of 150 ppm pectin on maintaining product clarity for as long as 13 weeks under all storage conditions. The acceptable clarity of the control product under refrigerated storage for a long as 4 weeks demonstrates the value of the critical extraction parameters which include a low creaming blend at 90F in a fixed bed extraction system. The development of haze and floc in these beverage systems when pectin is not added is particularly evident in the samples stored under accelerated conditions. The fact that all of the pectin samples, including 13 weeks have Haze values of less than 35 and are sediment free is very significant.
Product prepared as described in Example 1 and stored ambient for 6 weeks were evaluated by a sensory panel to define product acceptability ratings. The two variables evaluated were the control formula and the formula containing 150 ppm added citrus pectin, and respondents tasted the samples - sequentially, rated them hedonically and described l'Likes" and ~VO94/14329 PCT~3/03621 ~
21~'23g~
"Dislikes." Secondly, a preference question was asked along with rating for three attributes on each sample. The attribute ratings were: amount of tea flavor, lemon taste and overall balance.
Acceptability differences were detected (p = O.Ol). The sample with pectin was rated higher than the control wi~h no pectin.
Results:
Acceptability differences between samples were detected (p -O.Ol). The sample with pectin was rated higher than the control.
TABLE l CLTl279-READY TO DRINK TEA
MEAN RATINGS
(g Point Hedonic Scale) (N=84) SAMPLE MEAN RATING
Control (no Pectin) 6.36 a With Pectin 6.85 b Means with different letters are significantly different.
When the attribute ratings were evaluated the Ready-To-Drink W094114329 215 2 ~ 8 5 `` PCT~3103621 Tea containing pectin was described to have more overall tea flavor and a tea flavor balance of being just about right.
The effect of pectin (GENU JMJ) from Hercules Inc. on the stability of an instant tea based ready-to-drink beverage was evaluated. The particular sample of instant tea used for the test was one which would make an unacceptable product due to the rapid development of floc after incorporation into a typical low pH beverage formulation. This instant tea also fails when tested for acid stability in a standard Floc Test Supplemental ATP.
Four ready-to-drink formulations were prepared according to the following formula with the level of pectin addition as the experimental variable:
1) Water 2000 cc 2) Instant Tea 3.9 grams 3) Flavor Premix 241.4 grams 4) Pectin JMJ 0.0%, 0.014%, 0.018% and 0.028%
The samples were prepared by dissolving the appropriate amount of citrus pectin into the water until fully dissolved. The tea was added until solubilized and the flavor premix was added last. The flavor premix was comprised of flowing WO94/14329 2 ~ ~ 2 3 ~ ~ PCT~P93/03621 ~
material in sufficient citric acid to form a beverage with a pH of about 3Ø The beverage preparations were hot packed and placed in storage for evaluation.
The samples were evaluated visually and by Hunter Colorimetry after 2 months storage. Visual evaluation showed that the samples containing pectin developed less haze and s~;r~ntation with increasing level of added pectin. The results are summarized below.
~ ~VO94114329 PCT~3/03621 215238~
140 ppm Pectin Hunter Readings Control 1 Control 2 Pectin 1 Pectin 2 L 34.2737.79 20.99 20.76 a 19.7719.69 20.68 20.58 b 22.6622.99 14.36 14.23 Haze 51.1849.98 44.41 45.67 280 ppm 10180 ppm Pectin Pectin PectinPectin 2 Pectin I 1 ¦Pectin 2 L 29.0520.70 22.54 22.59 a 20.9820.81 22.07 22.13 b 14.3714.20 15.43 15.45 15 Haze 41.5940.94 28.95 28.80 All of the samples contained some sediment. However, visually there appeared to be decreasing amounts of sediment with increasing pectin levels. The Hunter data also shows that pectin JMJ can reduce the rate at which haze develops and that the rate is a function of pectin concentration. The higher L
value of the control is a result of the significant tea pigment sedimentation resulting in a lighter colored solution.
Four tea solutions were prepared using a Cecilware Tea brewing ~VO94/14329 2 i S ~ 3 ~ ~ : PCT~3/03621 ~
system with a 5 gallon yield. Two preparations were made without added pectin as a control and two with addition of JMJ
pectin to result in a pectin concentration in the final beverage of 150 ppm. The samples were prepared alternatively with and without pectin to assure randomness. The tea used for these trials was not a low creaming blend of tea. The brewing of tea in the Cecilware unit involves extraction of the tea with hot water 180-190F in a fixed or static bed contained in a filter paper lined basket followed by dilution with cold water. The final beverage concentration of tea solids will be on the order of 0.25-0.30%. The pectin was introduced onto the tea in the basket of the brewer as a hydrated solution to insure complete extraction into the tea beverage with hot water. Haze readings were taken with a Hunter Colorimeter as a function of time for each sample from time zero to approximately two hours after brewing.
Results:
The data is presented below in the tables and has been presented graphically in the Figure. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of citrus pectin alone for preventing development of turbidity and sedimentation in fresh tea decoction as claimed by the Japanese in patent application No. 61-68186. The data shows that pectin JMJ
slows the onset of haze/cream formation when added to the WO94/14329 215 2 3 8 5 PCT~P93/03621 brewed tea at 150 ppm. However, the tea brews produced clearly developed cream and haze within several house of preparation even with the addition of citrus pectin.
R1 & R3 : SAMPLES WITHOUT PECTIN
R2 & R4: SAMPLES WITH 0.15% PECTIN ADDED
TIME 0 20.05 TIME 27 29.79 TIME 69 52.34 TIME 89 57.96 TIME 61.33 TIME 64.08 TIME 0 18.36 TIME 26 21.89 TIME 58 33.99 TIME 78 43.95 TIME 98 51.00 TIME 55.97 ~VO94/14329 21 5 2 3 8 ~ PCT~P93/03621 ~
TIME o 16.87 TIME 3630.25 TIME 5643.69 TIME 7653.28 TIME 9759.59 TIME62.63 TIME O 15.97 TIME 3119.46 TIME 5128.38 TIME 6639.97 TIME 9249.52 TIME54.84 20 The times above are expressed in minutes of storage.
Nine tea solutions with varying tea solids, extraction temperatures and amounts of pectin addition were prepared to investigate the effect of pectin on ready to drink tea.
Kettle extractions were used to produce the variable. All extraction conditions were the same for each experiment as follows:
~ WO94/14329 ~ PCT~3/03621 21~238~
Water:leaf 10:1 Water Wt. 200 lbs.
- Leaf Wt. 20 lbs.
Leaf Blend Sample low creaming black tea Extraction Time 10 min.
Once the extraction is complete the leaf was removed from the liquor. The product extract was then polished as close to the extraction temperature as possible.
Polisher Extraction Temp. Temp.
The finished product is then heat treated at 218F for 9 sec to achieve biological stability and cooled to 70F.
The tea solids obtained from the prior extraction and polishing are used to prepare the individual samples A through G. Each sample contained sixty pounds total. This includes high fructose corn syrup with a 55 Brix (HFCS 55), pectin where listed, flavorant, citric acid, water and the listed percentage of tea solids based on the total weight of the sample.
W094114329 2 ~ ~ 2 3 ~ 5 PCT~P93/03621 A. 212F No Pectin 0.30% Solids Extraction l lWeight 1 %
Water 2.82677 Tea Solids 0.30 (0.30%) 10HFCS 55 11.69 7.01 lb~
Flavorant .186 50.6 g Citric Acid .192 52.25 g 60 lbo total B. 212F 220 ppm Pectin .30%
Extraction Solids Weight ¦
25 %
Water 2.82677 tea 0.30 solids HFCS 55 11.69 7.01 lb.
30Pectin .02 5.44 g Flavorant .186 50.6 g Citric Acid .192 52.25 g 60 lb.
total ~V094/14329 21 S 2 3 ~ 5 PCT~P93/03621 CO 212F No Pectin 0.12%
Extraction Solids l l Weight ¦
1 %
Water 2.82677 tea 0.12 solids HFCS 55 11.69 7.01 lb.
Flavorant .186 50.6 g Citric Acid .192 52.25 g 60 lb.
total D. 212F 200 ppm Pectin .12% Solids Extraction l lWeight % l l Water 2.82677 tea .12 solids HFCS 55 11.69 7.01 lb.
Pectin .02 5.44 g Flavorant .186 50.6 g Citric Acid .192 52.25 g 60 lb.
total ~VO94114329 PCT~P93/03621 ~
~1~23~5 E. 194F 200 ppm .12% Tea Extraction Pectin l ¦ Weight 1 %
Water 2.82677 tea .12%
solids HFCS 55 11.69 7.01 lb.
10 Pectin .020 5.44 Flavorant .186 50.6 g Citric Acid .192 52.25 g ¦ 60 lb.
¦total F.150 No Pectin .30% Tea Extraction % ¦Weight Water 2.82677 Tea .30 Solids HFCS S5 11.69 7.01 lb.
Flavorant .186 50.6 g 30Citric Acid .192 52.25 g 60 lb.
total ~ WO94/1~29 2 1 5 2 3 8 5 PCT~3/03621 G~ 150 200 ppm Pectin .30%
Extraction Tea ¦ ¦ Weight ¦
%
Water 2.82677 Tea .3 Solids Pectin .020 5.44 g HFCS 55 11.69 7.01 lb.
Flavorant .186 50.6 g Citric Acid .192 52.25 g 60 lb.
total ¦H. 90 Extraction ¦ No Pectin ¦ .12~ Tea l l Weight ¦
1 % .
Water 2.82677 Tea .12 Solids HFCS 55 11.69 7.01 lb.
Flavorant .186 50.6 g Citric Acid .192 52.25 g 60 lb.
total W094/14329 215 23 8~ PCT~P93/03621 ~
I. 90 200 ppm .12% Tea Extraction Pectin Weight ¦
-Water 2.82677 Tea Solids (.12%) .12 Pectin .020 5.44 g HFCS 55 11.69 7.01 lb.
Flavorant .186 50.6 g Citric Acid .192 52.25 g 60 lb.
total Haze results were measured with a Hunter Lab DD-9000 Haze Measuring machine at varied times. The haze results after 2, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days are reported in the table below:
WO 94/14329 ~ l S 2 3 8 ~ PCT/EP93103621 TABLE
IIAZE VALUES
A B C D E H I F G
~xt. 212 212 212 212 194 90 90 150 lS0 Temp.
Pectin 0 200 0 200 200 0 200 0 200 ppm 10 Tca 0.3 0.3 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.120.12 0.3 0.3 Solids Timc Haze Haze Haze Haze Haze HazeHaze Haze Haze (days) 2 37.0029.8419.24 17A9 1350 7.647.802A.80 17.10 37.1129.83 1959 18.11 13.48 7.637.9125.tO 1751 Avg. 37.0629.8419.42 17.80 13.49 7.647.8625.00 17.31 7 61.8635.38 2655 21.13 1352 7578.4634.23 21.18 51.9135.4526.71 20.90 13.42 7.75 8A534.87 21.65 Avg. 51.89 35A226.63 21.02 13.47 7.66 8A6 3455 21.42 2 014 68.2440.2230.G7 2250 17.48 1154 9A845.63 27.28 67.7740.4431.55 22.72 17.80 11529.6046.99 26.90 Avg. 68.01 403331.11 22.61 17.64 1153 95446.31 27.09 21 73.7442.3737.36 21.92 20.14 12.9410.33S9A5 28.96 74.9243.8838.28 23.19 20.81 13.83105260.33 29.37 2 5 75.2545.2A37.27 2A.03 20.00 14.1511.1160.90 29.80 76.8245.4737.71 2A.69 20.04 14.0811.2160.98 30A9 Avg. 75.18~A.2437.66 23.46 20.25 13.7510.7960.42 29.66 28 79.1950.23 4054 24.72 21.07 16.02llA065.17 32.39 81.8250.2640.74 25.72 21.86 16.08llA366.75 32.40 3 0 80.9349.1241.80 25.23 20.65 14.0311.6967.08 3358 81.4349.67 4251 25.63 20.67 145212.9368.83 34A2 Avg. 80.8449.8241.40 25.33 21.06 15.1611.8666.96 33.20 ~VO94/14329 2 ~ ~ 2 3 ~ ~ PCT~P93/03621 . 26 It is understood that the examples and embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and that various modifications or changes in the light thereof will be suggested to persons skilled in the art and are to be included within the spirit and purview of this application and the scope of the appended claims.
PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING COLD WATER
SOLUBLE AND CHILL STABLE READY TO DRINK TEA, AND PRODUCT
This application is a continuation-in-part patent application of Gobbo et al. S/N 07/994,805, filed December 22, 1992.
This invention generally relates to a process for manufacturing a "crystal clear" cold water soluble, chill stable, and acid stable ready-to-drink tea, as well as to the product produced thereby.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The production of ready-to-drink iced tea beverages which are crystal clear, cold water soluble and stable when the formulation is acidified for balanced fruit flavors and/or microbiological stability has been difficult to achieve, when using either fresh brewed tea solids or instantized tea ingredients. When all natural, real brewed tea based products are to be produced, preparation of clear beverages is especially difficult due to tea cream formation and acid instability. This is especially evident when the preferred black teas are employed.
Japanese patent application No. 61-68186 filed March 27, 1986 employs a hot water decoction of black tea to which a selected amount of a solution of high methoxy pectin is added. The combination is acidified with citric acid to about pH 3 and observed for turbidity. The mixture is said to remain with no turbidity for about one month.
The use of high methoxy pectin to stabilize acidified milk drinks is discussed in several product brochures by Hercules and by Copenhagen Pectin A/S.
~V094/14329 ~ , PCT~3/03621 ~
~ ~238~
Cold extraction of vegetable matter is disclosed in German patent application DE 320310OA1 disclosure date 8/4/83 and Canadian patent 927664.
A cloud system for beverage mixes containing methoxy pectin is disclosed in U.S. 4,529,613.
JP 4,045,774 discloses ultrafiltration of green tea to preserve it by removing high molecular weight components one of which is pectin.
GB 1,294,543 discloses addition of pectin isolated from tea leaf to tea extracts prior to spray drying, for control of powder density.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Preparation of instant teas is well known in the art and generally involves extraction of tea through inumerable well known processes. The extract may then be treated enzymatically or chemically to render it soluble in cold water and to, in some cases, develop desirable color. The extract is also preferably clarified by known means such as filtration or centrifugation. The extract is then concentrated and dried preferably to a level of 5% moisture or less again by means known to the art. Preparation of tea solids for subsequent dissolution is disclosed in, for example, GB patent 2,208,096A
and U.S. 3,666,484 both of which are incorporated by reference herein.
In one embodiment of this invention such powdered instant teas are substantially dissolved in water to form tea solutions which are then treated according to the processes of the invention with high methoxy pectin.
~ ~V094/14329 21~ 2 ~ ~ ~ PCT~W3/03621 Another embodiment of the invention also involves the extraction of tea or blends of tea, preferably low creaming black teas at temperatures of less than 180F using a preferred water to leaf ratio of 4:l to 30:l preferably in a fixed or static bed extractor. The tea extract, which can be black, green, oolong or mixtures of these is used to formulate a "ready to drink" tea beverage at pH 4.5 or below. The amount of tea extract used to formulate the beverage is regulated to provide a concentration of tea solids in the beverage of 0.3% or less. Sweeteners, acids and other flavors can be added to achieve beverages with desired flavor characteristics.
High methoxy citrus pectin according to the invention is added at a beverage concentration of 50-500 ppm to impart improved flavor and product acid stability.
In one aspect, the unique combination of low temperature extraction of low creaming teas in a fixed bed extractor to create a tea extract free from leaf fines, the use of this extract to deliver tea solids to a beverage at 0.3~ or less and the addition of the selected pectin results in the preparation of an all-natural brewed tea based ready-to-drink products. The product, produced using this process, whether instant tea or fresh brewed tea extract is employed, can be packaged into cans, bottles or boxed drink packets by thermal processing or by the use of preservatives for microbiological stability. These products remain substantially crystal clear and free from sedimentation when stored under refrigerated or ambient temperatures for at least 4 to 6 months. In addition, the product prepared using this inventive process is significantly preferred in taste when tested using research panels.
WO94/14329 . PCT~3/03621 ~
21 a2385 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Instant teas prepared by methods well known to those skilled in the art can be used to advantage with the process of the invention. Most instant teas when used to create acidified ready-to-drink beverage develop haze and floc upon storage.
Black teas, particularly those selected to have a low cream index and which produce highly colored infusions are essentially preferred for the process but, of course, Green and Oolong teas may also be employed if appropriate care is taken.
Preferably, black tea with the above characteristics is extracted with water at a temperature of about 60F to 180F at water to leaf ratios of from about 4:1 to 30:1. Higher or lower water to leaf ratios could be employed but are impractical. It is preferred to extract the tea at about 90F
at a water to leaf ratio of 10:1.
The extraction process is conducted in a vessel such as a column where tea leaf remains static or fixed as a bed of from 6 inches to 20 inches, but most preferably 14-15 inches.
Extraction of the tea leaves in such a static bed allows for good yield of tea solids and the resulting extract is substantially free of insoluble materials. Extraction of the tea as a loose leaf in agitated extractors such as a kettle or in continuous extractors can also produce extracts of the desired chemical composition and flavor for producing the desired low creaming ready-to-drink beverage but require additional processing through equipment such as centrifuges or filters to remove leaf fines. Extraction of the tea at low temperature selectively removes desirable tea flavor components, color, and results in a polyphenol pro~ile which W094/14329 PCT~3/03621 ~ 21~385 will not form tea cream when formulated into beverages at a tea solids level of 0.3% or less. When black teas which are high cream formers are extracted at low temperature, or black teas are extracted at elevated temperatures, these teas will form cream in beverage formulations unless the cream is removed or the tea is treated using chemicals or enzymes.
These steps are costly and result in loss of tea flavor.
Preparation of tea beverages either instant or fresh brewed with fruit flavors requires acidification to a pH of 2.5-4.5 to result in formulations with a desirable flavor balance.
Fruit flavored beverages prepared from either brewed tea solids or instant tea solids when rendered cold water soluble by methods known to those skilled in the art can be initially clear, especially if the extraction process described above is followed, but gradually develop haze. Sedimentation of solids from these beverages occurs after storage for periods of time ranging form as short as a week to as long as 6-12 weeks. The haze and sediment which forms is not typical tea cream but rather is an insoluble complex which forms as a result of exposure to acidic conditions below about pH 4.5. The formation of this insoluble complex, which results in floc and haze is accelerated by elevated storage temperatures (120F) and is retarded by refrigerated storage. This insoluble complex is different from tea cream which is chiefly composed of caffeine and the tea polyphenols, theaflavins and thearubigens. This complex is low in caffeine and contains high molecular weight materials of 1000 daltons or more. The floc and haze resulting from this complex can be solubilized by raising the pH of the solution above about 4.5 but rapidly returns when the beverage is acidified below about pH 4.5. It has been found that the addition of high methoxy citrus pectin at concentrations from about 50 ppm to 500 ppm on a beverage basis preferably 100 to 300 ppm will significantly reduce the ~VO94/14329 i PCT~W3/03621 ~
~15238~
development of haze and prevents sedimentation of material from beverages in the pH range of 2.5 to 4.5. Beverages prepared using either the instant tea or the tea extract from the process described above will remain crystal clear and sediment free when formulated at pH 4.5 and below. It has also been found that the addition of citrus pectin to tea beverage formulations significantly improves the acceptability of the product when evaluated for flavor using research test panels.
In practice the acidified tea beverages can be stabilized by the addition of 50-500 ppm of high methoxy pectin such as citrus, apple or tea pectin on a beverage basis. Higher levels of pectin can be employed but induce changes as flavor and beverage acceptability. The citrus pectin for example i5 solubilized in water and can be added to the tea solution prior to acidification or following addition of flavoring components and acid. It is preferred to add the pectin prior to acidification to provide the maximum benefit of the pectin.
The pectin could also be dry blended with the tea leaves and rendered soluble during the extraction process. The resulting beverage can be packaged and preserved by the addition of antimicrobial agents such as sodium benzoate and sorbic acid or by thermal processing.
The pectin employed is preferably a high methoxy pectin.
Pectin is a hydrocolloid consisting mainly of partial methyl esters of polygalacturonic acid. The acid groups are partly neutralized by ammonium, calcium, potassium and sodium ions.
Typically, it is obtained by aqueous extraction of plant materials such as citrus fruit and applies. Full descriptions of pectins and high methoxy pectins are contained in Polysaccharides in Food by Blanshard et al. (1979) Butterworth Publishers, pages 185 to 193. The distinction between high ~ W094/1~29 215 2 3 ~ ~ PCT~3/03621 methoxy pectin and low methoxy pectin is set out on page 192 and generally depends on The degree of esterification. High methoxy pectin being about 50% to 80% esterified, low, methoxy pectin being about 25% or less.
The main structural feature of pectin is a linear chain of 1,4-linked ~-D-glacturonic acid units, although almost all pectins contain a number of neutral sugars such as L-rhamnose, D-galactose and L-arabinose. Normally some of the glacturonic acid carboxyl groups are esterified with methyl alcohol. A
methoxyl content of about 14% is theoretically possible with 100% esterification. However, this is never achieved and most high methoxyl pectins have 50-80% of the theoretical carboxyl groups esterified. By removing methoxyl groups to a degree of esterification (DE) less than 50% (< 7% methoxyl), a change in functional behavior is obtained that makes these low methoxyl pectins behave like a completely new family of polymers, more closely related to alginates than to pectins.
Pectins can form two types of gels depending upon their degree of esterification. Regular high methoxyl pectins will form gels at acid pHs and in the presence of a high concentration of sugar. Low methoxyl pectins are similar to alginates in gelling properties, and require a divalent cation such as calcium, in order to gel. These gels can be formed without sugar and over a wide pH range. Low methoxyl pectins have DEs in the 20-40 range, but the gelling behavior of LM pectins depends not only on the DE but also on the de-esterification method used.
Pectin and Low Methoxyl Pectin are also described in Food Carbohydrates by Lineback (AVI Publishing Co. 1982) pp. 283 WO94tl4329 21 5 2 3 8 S PCT~3/03621 ~
and 284 substantially as above.
The type of pectin preferably used is a high methoxy pectin such as GENU JMJ pectin a registered trademark of Hercules Inc. The pectin is disclosed as a stabilizing agent for acidified acid fermented milk drinks. This type of pectin contains small quantities of sugar to standardize gel strength or viscosity. GENU JMJ is typically used as a stabilizing agent in acidified milk drinks. It has a stabilizing power of 130 + 5 grade SAM and a pH in a 1% solution of deionized water of about 3.60 to 4.40. The degree of esterification is typically about 72%. It is completely soluble in deionized water at 60C with agitation. It is a free flowing, non-caking granulate with a particle size such that less than 1%
pectin is left or a 0.250 mm test sieve. Additionally, GENU
VIS pectin which is also a registered trademark of Hercules Inc. is operable.
The GENU VIS pectin has a degree off esterification of typically about 70%, is completely soluble in deionized water at 60C with agitation and has a particle size of less than 1%
retained on a 0.250 mm test sieve. The viscosity of a 4%
solution is about 400 to 500 pH and a 1% solution in deionized water has a pH of about 2.90-3.40. This type of pectin is typically extracted from citrus peel and is preferably all natural. The GENU VIS has been used to impart viscosity and mouthfeel to beverages, for example, diet soft drinks, fruit drinks, barbecue and other sauces and frostings.
All parts, percentages and proportions contained herein are by weight unless otherwise specified.
~ WO94/14329 PCT~3/03621 g Fresh brewed extracts of black tea were prepared by extraction of 800 pounds of low creaming black tea blend. The tea was filled into a cylindrical column extractor 6 feet in diameter by 4 feet in height. The bed of tea when filled into the extractor had a height of 15 inches. Water at 90F was sprayed onto the surface of the bed of tea until 1152 gallons of water had been added. The resulting brewed tea extract was used to prepare a syrup from which ready-to-drink beverages would be prepared. The beverage syrup was formulated by adding 2365 gallons of high fructose corn sweetener to 10952 pounds of black tea extract followed by the addition of a lemon flavor system and 450 pounds of citric acid. Water was added to adjust the final volume to 4500 gallons. Purified water was added to 916.7 gallons of syrup to a final volume of 5500 gallons under constant agitation and the resulting single strength beverage was hot packed into 16 ounce glass bottles at 190F. This product was used as control product.
A product containing 150 ppm citrus pectin was prepared in a similar manner. To 916.7 gallons of beverage syrup 4533.3 gallons of purified water was added under agitation. 7.1 pounds of high methoxy citrus pectin was slowly added to 50 gallons of water at 100F in a liquefier and allowed to mix for 10 minutes to completely solubilize the pectin. The pectin solution was added to the diluted beverage syrup to produce single strength beverage containing 150 ppm pectin.
The beverage was hot filled into 16 ounce bottles at 190F.
The control product and pectin containing products were both crystal clear when initially produced with haze values as measured using a Hunger Spectrophotometer of 16.42 and 14.54;
respectively.
WO94/14329 PCT~3/03621 ~
215~85 10 The products were placed in storage under refrigerated (40F), ambient (70F), and accelerated (91F) conditions and in a water bath at 120F.
Results:
The following table shows the Hunter Color haze values of the ready-to-drink beverages as a function of storage time and condition.
EFFECT OF CITRUS PECTIN ON HUNTER HAZE VALUES AS A FUNCTION
OF STORAGE TEMPERATURE AND TIME
WEEKS CONTROL PECTIN CONTROL PECTIN CONTROL PECTIN
0 16.54 16.42 16.54 16.42 16.5416.42 2 33.66 23.58 23.16 12.83 29.3115.06 4 42.30 21.88 40.86 19.30 56.8821.22 6 45.54 32.40 41.62 22.90 69.7426.72 13 50.73 22.04 68.87 24.94 81.4431.84 The high clarity of both the control and pectin containing samples at time zero demonstrates the effectiveness of the extraction process for production of a brewed tea product which is free from cream and leaf fines. Storage of the samples at 120F results in rapid development of haze and ~ WO94/14329 215 2 3 8 ~ PCT~3/03621 sedimentation in the control. Visual observations after one week storage at this temperature showed significant differences between the samples. The control sample without pectin was very cloudy and contained precipitate while the sample containing 150 ppm citrus pectin was clear and sediment free. The haze data in Table 1 clearly shows the effectiveness of 150 ppm pectin on maintaining product clarity for as long as 13 weeks under all storage conditions. The acceptable clarity of the control product under refrigerated storage for a long as 4 weeks demonstrates the value of the critical extraction parameters which include a low creaming blend at 90F in a fixed bed extraction system. The development of haze and floc in these beverage systems when pectin is not added is particularly evident in the samples stored under accelerated conditions. The fact that all of the pectin samples, including 13 weeks have Haze values of less than 35 and are sediment free is very significant.
Product prepared as described in Example 1 and stored ambient for 6 weeks were evaluated by a sensory panel to define product acceptability ratings. The two variables evaluated were the control formula and the formula containing 150 ppm added citrus pectin, and respondents tasted the samples - sequentially, rated them hedonically and described l'Likes" and ~VO94/14329 PCT~3/03621 ~
21~'23g~
"Dislikes." Secondly, a preference question was asked along with rating for three attributes on each sample. The attribute ratings were: amount of tea flavor, lemon taste and overall balance.
Acceptability differences were detected (p = O.Ol). The sample with pectin was rated higher than the control wi~h no pectin.
Results:
Acceptability differences between samples were detected (p -O.Ol). The sample with pectin was rated higher than the control.
TABLE l CLTl279-READY TO DRINK TEA
MEAN RATINGS
(g Point Hedonic Scale) (N=84) SAMPLE MEAN RATING
Control (no Pectin) 6.36 a With Pectin 6.85 b Means with different letters are significantly different.
When the attribute ratings were evaluated the Ready-To-Drink W094114329 215 2 ~ 8 5 `` PCT~3103621 Tea containing pectin was described to have more overall tea flavor and a tea flavor balance of being just about right.
The effect of pectin (GENU JMJ) from Hercules Inc. on the stability of an instant tea based ready-to-drink beverage was evaluated. The particular sample of instant tea used for the test was one which would make an unacceptable product due to the rapid development of floc after incorporation into a typical low pH beverage formulation. This instant tea also fails when tested for acid stability in a standard Floc Test Supplemental ATP.
Four ready-to-drink formulations were prepared according to the following formula with the level of pectin addition as the experimental variable:
1) Water 2000 cc 2) Instant Tea 3.9 grams 3) Flavor Premix 241.4 grams 4) Pectin JMJ 0.0%, 0.014%, 0.018% and 0.028%
The samples were prepared by dissolving the appropriate amount of citrus pectin into the water until fully dissolved. The tea was added until solubilized and the flavor premix was added last. The flavor premix was comprised of flowing WO94/14329 2 ~ ~ 2 3 ~ ~ PCT~P93/03621 ~
material in sufficient citric acid to form a beverage with a pH of about 3Ø The beverage preparations were hot packed and placed in storage for evaluation.
The samples were evaluated visually and by Hunter Colorimetry after 2 months storage. Visual evaluation showed that the samples containing pectin developed less haze and s~;r~ntation with increasing level of added pectin. The results are summarized below.
~ ~VO94114329 PCT~3/03621 215238~
140 ppm Pectin Hunter Readings Control 1 Control 2 Pectin 1 Pectin 2 L 34.2737.79 20.99 20.76 a 19.7719.69 20.68 20.58 b 22.6622.99 14.36 14.23 Haze 51.1849.98 44.41 45.67 280 ppm 10180 ppm Pectin Pectin PectinPectin 2 Pectin I 1 ¦Pectin 2 L 29.0520.70 22.54 22.59 a 20.9820.81 22.07 22.13 b 14.3714.20 15.43 15.45 15 Haze 41.5940.94 28.95 28.80 All of the samples contained some sediment. However, visually there appeared to be decreasing amounts of sediment with increasing pectin levels. The Hunter data also shows that pectin JMJ can reduce the rate at which haze develops and that the rate is a function of pectin concentration. The higher L
value of the control is a result of the significant tea pigment sedimentation resulting in a lighter colored solution.
Four tea solutions were prepared using a Cecilware Tea brewing ~VO94/14329 2 i S ~ 3 ~ ~ : PCT~3/03621 ~
system with a 5 gallon yield. Two preparations were made without added pectin as a control and two with addition of JMJ
pectin to result in a pectin concentration in the final beverage of 150 ppm. The samples were prepared alternatively with and without pectin to assure randomness. The tea used for these trials was not a low creaming blend of tea. The brewing of tea in the Cecilware unit involves extraction of the tea with hot water 180-190F in a fixed or static bed contained in a filter paper lined basket followed by dilution with cold water. The final beverage concentration of tea solids will be on the order of 0.25-0.30%. The pectin was introduced onto the tea in the basket of the brewer as a hydrated solution to insure complete extraction into the tea beverage with hot water. Haze readings were taken with a Hunter Colorimeter as a function of time for each sample from time zero to approximately two hours after brewing.
Results:
The data is presented below in the tables and has been presented graphically in the Figure. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of citrus pectin alone for preventing development of turbidity and sedimentation in fresh tea decoction as claimed by the Japanese in patent application No. 61-68186. The data shows that pectin JMJ
slows the onset of haze/cream formation when added to the WO94/14329 215 2 3 8 5 PCT~P93/03621 brewed tea at 150 ppm. However, the tea brews produced clearly developed cream and haze within several house of preparation even with the addition of citrus pectin.
R1 & R3 : SAMPLES WITHOUT PECTIN
R2 & R4: SAMPLES WITH 0.15% PECTIN ADDED
TIME 0 20.05 TIME 27 29.79 TIME 69 52.34 TIME 89 57.96 TIME 61.33 TIME 64.08 TIME 0 18.36 TIME 26 21.89 TIME 58 33.99 TIME 78 43.95 TIME 98 51.00 TIME 55.97 ~VO94/14329 21 5 2 3 8 ~ PCT~P93/03621 ~
TIME o 16.87 TIME 3630.25 TIME 5643.69 TIME 7653.28 TIME 9759.59 TIME62.63 TIME O 15.97 TIME 3119.46 TIME 5128.38 TIME 6639.97 TIME 9249.52 TIME54.84 20 The times above are expressed in minutes of storage.
Nine tea solutions with varying tea solids, extraction temperatures and amounts of pectin addition were prepared to investigate the effect of pectin on ready to drink tea.
Kettle extractions were used to produce the variable. All extraction conditions were the same for each experiment as follows:
~ WO94/14329 ~ PCT~3/03621 21~238~
Water:leaf 10:1 Water Wt. 200 lbs.
- Leaf Wt. 20 lbs.
Leaf Blend Sample low creaming black tea Extraction Time 10 min.
Once the extraction is complete the leaf was removed from the liquor. The product extract was then polished as close to the extraction temperature as possible.
Polisher Extraction Temp. Temp.
The finished product is then heat treated at 218F for 9 sec to achieve biological stability and cooled to 70F.
The tea solids obtained from the prior extraction and polishing are used to prepare the individual samples A through G. Each sample contained sixty pounds total. This includes high fructose corn syrup with a 55 Brix (HFCS 55), pectin where listed, flavorant, citric acid, water and the listed percentage of tea solids based on the total weight of the sample.
W094114329 2 ~ ~ 2 3 ~ 5 PCT~P93/03621 A. 212F No Pectin 0.30% Solids Extraction l lWeight 1 %
Water 2.82677 Tea Solids 0.30 (0.30%) 10HFCS 55 11.69 7.01 lb~
Flavorant .186 50.6 g Citric Acid .192 52.25 g 60 lbo total B. 212F 220 ppm Pectin .30%
Extraction Solids Weight ¦
25 %
Water 2.82677 tea 0.30 solids HFCS 55 11.69 7.01 lb.
30Pectin .02 5.44 g Flavorant .186 50.6 g Citric Acid .192 52.25 g 60 lb.
total ~V094/14329 21 S 2 3 ~ 5 PCT~P93/03621 CO 212F No Pectin 0.12%
Extraction Solids l l Weight ¦
1 %
Water 2.82677 tea 0.12 solids HFCS 55 11.69 7.01 lb.
Flavorant .186 50.6 g Citric Acid .192 52.25 g 60 lb.
total D. 212F 200 ppm Pectin .12% Solids Extraction l lWeight % l l Water 2.82677 tea .12 solids HFCS 55 11.69 7.01 lb.
Pectin .02 5.44 g Flavorant .186 50.6 g Citric Acid .192 52.25 g 60 lb.
total ~VO94114329 PCT~P93/03621 ~
~1~23~5 E. 194F 200 ppm .12% Tea Extraction Pectin l ¦ Weight 1 %
Water 2.82677 tea .12%
solids HFCS 55 11.69 7.01 lb.
10 Pectin .020 5.44 Flavorant .186 50.6 g Citric Acid .192 52.25 g ¦ 60 lb.
¦total F.150 No Pectin .30% Tea Extraction % ¦Weight Water 2.82677 Tea .30 Solids HFCS S5 11.69 7.01 lb.
Flavorant .186 50.6 g 30Citric Acid .192 52.25 g 60 lb.
total ~ WO94/1~29 2 1 5 2 3 8 5 PCT~3/03621 G~ 150 200 ppm Pectin .30%
Extraction Tea ¦ ¦ Weight ¦
%
Water 2.82677 Tea .3 Solids Pectin .020 5.44 g HFCS 55 11.69 7.01 lb.
Flavorant .186 50.6 g Citric Acid .192 52.25 g 60 lb.
total ¦H. 90 Extraction ¦ No Pectin ¦ .12~ Tea l l Weight ¦
1 % .
Water 2.82677 Tea .12 Solids HFCS 55 11.69 7.01 lb.
Flavorant .186 50.6 g Citric Acid .192 52.25 g 60 lb.
total W094/14329 215 23 8~ PCT~P93/03621 ~
I. 90 200 ppm .12% Tea Extraction Pectin Weight ¦
-Water 2.82677 Tea Solids (.12%) .12 Pectin .020 5.44 g HFCS 55 11.69 7.01 lb.
Flavorant .186 50.6 g Citric Acid .192 52.25 g 60 lb.
total Haze results were measured with a Hunter Lab DD-9000 Haze Measuring machine at varied times. The haze results after 2, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days are reported in the table below:
WO 94/14329 ~ l S 2 3 8 ~ PCT/EP93103621 TABLE
IIAZE VALUES
A B C D E H I F G
~xt. 212 212 212 212 194 90 90 150 lS0 Temp.
Pectin 0 200 0 200 200 0 200 0 200 ppm 10 Tca 0.3 0.3 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.120.12 0.3 0.3 Solids Timc Haze Haze Haze Haze Haze HazeHaze Haze Haze (days) 2 37.0029.8419.24 17A9 1350 7.647.802A.80 17.10 37.1129.83 1959 18.11 13.48 7.637.9125.tO 1751 Avg. 37.0629.8419.42 17.80 13.49 7.647.8625.00 17.31 7 61.8635.38 2655 21.13 1352 7578.4634.23 21.18 51.9135.4526.71 20.90 13.42 7.75 8A534.87 21.65 Avg. 51.89 35A226.63 21.02 13.47 7.66 8A6 3455 21.42 2 014 68.2440.2230.G7 2250 17.48 1154 9A845.63 27.28 67.7740.4431.55 22.72 17.80 11529.6046.99 26.90 Avg. 68.01 403331.11 22.61 17.64 1153 95446.31 27.09 21 73.7442.3737.36 21.92 20.14 12.9410.33S9A5 28.96 74.9243.8838.28 23.19 20.81 13.83105260.33 29.37 2 5 75.2545.2A37.27 2A.03 20.00 14.1511.1160.90 29.80 76.8245.4737.71 2A.69 20.04 14.0811.2160.98 30A9 Avg. 75.18~A.2437.66 23.46 20.25 13.7510.7960.42 29.66 28 79.1950.23 4054 24.72 21.07 16.02llA065.17 32.39 81.8250.2640.74 25.72 21.86 16.08llA366.75 32.40 3 0 80.9349.1241.80 25.23 20.65 14.0311.6967.08 3358 81.4349.67 4251 25.63 20.67 145212.9368.83 34A2 Avg. 80.8449.8241.40 25.33 21.06 15.1611.8666.96 33.20 ~VO94/14329 2 ~ ~ 2 3 ~ ~ PCT~P93/03621 . 26 It is understood that the examples and embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and that various modifications or changes in the light thereof will be suggested to persons skilled in the art and are to be included within the spirit and purview of this application and the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (16)
1. A process for preparing stabilized acidified liquid tea products comprising:
a) substantially dissolving in water to form a tea solution, a concentrated powdered tea product at a level of about 0.3% tea solids or less, said powdered tea product being obtained by reducing the moisture content of a tea solution to a level not exceeding about five percent by weight on a tea solids basis;
b) acidifying said tea solution to a pH of about 4.5 or less, if said tea solution is not already at said pH
and;
adding a sufficient amount of a high methoxy pectin to said acidified tea product to result in a total amount of said pectin in said acidified tea product of about 50 to about 500 parts per million (ppm);
a) substantially dissolving in water to form a tea solution, a concentrated powdered tea product at a level of about 0.3% tea solids or less, said powdered tea product being obtained by reducing the moisture content of a tea solution to a level not exceeding about five percent by weight on a tea solids basis;
b) acidifying said tea solution to a pH of about 4.5 or less, if said tea solution is not already at said pH
and;
adding a sufficient amount of a high methoxy pectin to said acidified tea product to result in a total amount of said pectin in said acidified tea product of about 50 to about 500 parts per million (ppm);
2. A tea product prepared by the process of claim 1 wherein said pectin is derived solely from citrus.
3. A tea product prepared by the process of claim 1 wherein said pectin is derived from tea.
4. A tea product prepared by the process of claim 1 wherein said concentrated powdered tea product is made from tea solids which are obtained from a black tea selected for its low cream index and which is extracted at a temperature of about 25°C to about 90°C at a water to leaf ratio of about 4:1 to about 30:1.
5. A process as defined in claim 1 wherein said powdered tea product is obtained by spray drying.
6. A process as defined in claim 1 wherein said powdered tea product is obtained by freeze drying.
7. A process as defined in claim 1 wherein said pH is about 2.8 to 3.2.
8. A process for preparing an acidified final liquid tea product stabilized from development of haze and sedimentation upon storage and having superior flavor comprising performing, in any order, the steps of:
a) extracting tea leaves with water at a temperature of less than about 180°F and a water to leaf ratio of about 4:1 to 30:1 to prepare a fresh brewed tea extract infusion leaf of insoluble materials, then adjusting the brewed tea solids of said infusion, if necessary, to a level of 0.3% by weight or less of solids to form a tea product;
b) adding a sufficient amount of high methoxy pectin to result in a total amount of said pectin of about 50 to 500 parts per million (ppm) in said tea product;
c) adjusting the pH of said tea product, if necessary, to a pH of about 4.5 or less to form said acidified final liquid tea product;
a) extracting tea leaves with water at a temperature of less than about 180°F and a water to leaf ratio of about 4:1 to 30:1 to prepare a fresh brewed tea extract infusion leaf of insoluble materials, then adjusting the brewed tea solids of said infusion, if necessary, to a level of 0.3% by weight or less of solids to form a tea product;
b) adding a sufficient amount of high methoxy pectin to result in a total amount of said pectin of about 50 to 500 parts per million (ppm) in said tea product;
c) adjusting the pH of said tea product, if necessary, to a pH of about 4.5 or less to form said acidified final liquid tea product;
9. A tea product prepared by the process of claim 8 wherein said pectin is derived solely from citrus.
10. A tea product prepared by the process of claim 8 wherein said pectin is derived solely from tea leaves.
11. A tea product prepared by the process of claim 8 wherein said tea extract is concentrated or made into a powder by drying before being used to prepare said product.
12. A process as defined in claim 8 wherein said powdered tea product is obtained by spray drying.
13. A process as defined in claim 8 wherein said powdered tea product is obtained by freeze drying.
14. A process as defined in claim 8 wherein the pH of said product is about pH 2.8 to 3.2.
15. A process as defined in claim 8 wherein the tea extract is rendered cold ater soluble by treatment with chemicals or enzymes.
16. A process as defined in claim 8 wherein said tea is selected from the group consisting of green tea, oolong tea, black tea and mixtures thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US99480592A | 1992-12-22 | 1992-12-22 | |
| US994805 | 1992-12-22 | ||
| US12489593A | 1993-09-22 | 1993-09-22 | |
| US08/124895 | 1993-09-22 | ||
| PCT/EP1993/003621 WO1994014329A1 (en) | 1992-12-22 | 1993-12-16 | Process for manufacturing cold water soluble and chill stable ready to drink tea, and product |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2152385A1 true CA2152385A1 (en) | 1994-07-07 |
Family
ID=26823061
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002152385A Abandoned CA2152385A1 (en) | 1992-12-22 | 1993-12-16 | Process for manufacturing cold water soluble and chill stable ready to drink tea, and product |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5529796A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0675684B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH08504591A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE159405T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU685073B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2152385A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69314810T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0675684T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2107804T3 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR3025706T3 (en) |
| MY (1) | MY110116A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ259358A (en) |
| TW (1) | TW307673B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1994014329A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9295360B2 (en) | 2014-03-14 | 2016-03-29 | Cornelius, Inc. | Devices for brewing and/or steeping tea |
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| US5866190A (en) * | 1995-03-16 | 1999-02-02 | Systems Bio-Industries | Composition for the stabilization of acid drinks |
| US6036982A (en) * | 1996-06-19 | 2000-03-14 | Thomas J. Lipton Co., Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Enzymatically extracted tea concentrate with xanthan gum which is stable at ambient temperature |
| US6024991A (en) * | 1996-06-19 | 2000-02-15 | Thomas J. Lipton Co., | Tea concentrate prepared by enzymatic extraction and containing xanthan gum which is stable at ambient temperature |
| US6413570B1 (en) | 1999-02-12 | 2002-07-02 | Lipton, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Tea concentrate |
| US6699977B1 (en) | 2000-06-09 | 2004-03-02 | Cp Kelco Aps | Low methoxyl pectins, processes thereof, and stabilized aqueous systems comprising the same |
| US6461657B1 (en) * | 2000-07-19 | 2002-10-08 | Douglas H. Philipsen | Syneresis suppression in prepared mustards |
| US6759073B2 (en) * | 2001-07-02 | 2004-07-06 | The Procter & Gamble Co. | Compositions and methods for stabilization and enhanced viscosity |
| US6838109B2 (en) * | 2001-07-02 | 2005-01-04 | The Proctor & Gamble Company | Fatty acid compositions having superior stability and flavor properties |
| US20030021874A1 (en) * | 2001-07-02 | 2003-01-30 | The Procter & Gamble Co. | Stabilized compositions and processes of their preparation |
| US7182970B2 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2007-02-27 | Lipton, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Beverage brewing system and method for brewing a beverage |
| US6887508B2 (en) * | 2002-02-20 | 2005-05-03 | Solae, Llc | Protein stabilizing agent |
| WO2004091303A1 (en) * | 2003-04-15 | 2004-10-28 | Novozymes A/S | Tea production process |
| TWI334766B (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2010-12-21 | Kao Corp | Peiparation process of tea extract and packaged tea beverage |
| TWI367074B (en) * | 2004-06-24 | 2012-07-01 | Kao Corp | Method of preparing a tea extract solution |
| US7232585B2 (en) * | 2004-06-24 | 2007-06-19 | Xel Herbaceuticals, Inc. | Green tea formulations and methods of preparation |
| US20060062886A1 (en) * | 2004-09-22 | 2006-03-23 | Brian Takeda | Instant tea powder |
| JP4504870B2 (en) * | 2004-12-24 | 2010-07-14 | 花王株式会社 | Production method of tea extract |
| US7820222B2 (en) * | 2005-12-06 | 2010-10-26 | Oswald Michael Archer | Organic, ergogenic, isotonic soft drink composition |
| US20070175337A1 (en) * | 2006-01-31 | 2007-08-02 | Conopco, Inc., D/B/A Unilever | Beverage system for dispensing a homogeneous beverage and a method for dispensing a beverage |
| US8293299B2 (en) | 2009-09-11 | 2012-10-23 | Kraft Foods Global Brands Llc | Containers and methods for dispensing multiple doses of a concentrated liquid, and shelf stable Concentrated liquids |
| WO2011109826A1 (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2011-09-09 | Mars, Incorporated | Acidified proteinaceous beverages and compositions |
| FR2966700B1 (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2013-01-11 | Bernard Mompon | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PLANT-ORIGIN ARTICLES IMPREGNATED WITH PLANT LIQUID SUBSTANCE |
| PT2642864E (en) * | 2010-11-26 | 2014-10-13 | Unilever Nv | Method for storing a packaged liquid tea product |
| US20130202740A1 (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2013-08-08 | Pepsico, Inc. | Acidic Aqueous Product Comprising Oil-Containing Microcapsules and Method for the Manufacture Thereof |
| US11013248B2 (en) | 2012-05-25 | 2021-05-25 | Kraft Foods Group Brands Llc | Shelf stable, concentrated, liquid flavorings and methods of preparing beverages with the concentrated liquid flavorings |
| JP6144019B2 (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2017-06-07 | サントリーホールディングス株式会社 | Low pH beverage |
| BR112015020691A2 (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2017-07-18 | Swm Luxembourg Sarl | composition for preparing a tea drink or herbal and vegetable broth |
| US11484497B2 (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2022-11-01 | Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. | Composition for making a tea beverage or herbal and vegetable broths |
| CN105592709A (en) | 2013-08-02 | 2016-05-18 | 施韦特-莫迪国际公司 | Edible Product Comprising Reconstituted Plant Material |
| WO2015022123A1 (en) * | 2013-08-15 | 2015-02-19 | Unilever N.V. | A process for producing a liquid concentrate tea product |
| US10729662B2 (en) | 2013-08-20 | 2020-08-04 | Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. | Product comprising a plant for medicinal, cosmetic, coloring or dermatologic use |
| WO2016116436A1 (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2016-07-28 | Unilever Plc | Improved beverage comprising tea polyphenols |
| EP3294070B1 (en) | 2015-03-02 | 2020-04-29 | SWM Luxembourg s.a.r.l. | Low bulk density composition for making a tea beverage having reduced dust or fines |
| FR3049620B1 (en) | 2016-04-05 | 2020-06-12 | Swm Luxembourg Sarl | PLANT PAPER COMPRISING FIBERS FROM A PLANT |
| WO2019052964A1 (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2019-03-21 | Unilever Plc | Process for preparing black tea products |
| US11019837B2 (en) | 2017-11-08 | 2021-06-01 | Pepsico, Inc. | Mouthfeel modulation in reduced and sugar-free beverages using a blend of pectin and xanthan gum |
| JP7121331B2 (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2022-08-18 | 不二製油株式会社 | Precipitation inhibitor for tea beverages |
| CN113598247B (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2022-07-15 | 西南大学 | Production method of citrus scented tea |
| CN113598248B (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2022-07-15 | 西南大学 | Preparation process of citrus flower tea |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2476072A (en) * | 1946-06-07 | 1949-07-12 | Donald K Tressler | Method of making a tea extract |
| US2963368A (en) * | 1958-05-28 | 1960-12-06 | Kwik Kafe Coffee Processors Of | Method of producing a tea concentrate |
| US3666484A (en) * | 1969-11-12 | 1972-05-30 | Lipton Inc Thomas J | Process for making a spray-dried instant tea of desired bulk density |
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| GB1518794A (en) * | 1974-09-17 | 1978-07-26 | Dej Internationale Research Co | Tea extract |
| GB1564001A (en) * | 1975-10-24 | 1980-04-02 | Unilever Ltd | Beverge compositions |
| US4332824A (en) * | 1979-03-26 | 1982-06-01 | Rich Products Corporation | Intermediate-moisture frozen foods |
| NL8501927A (en) * | 1985-07-05 | 1987-02-02 | Douwe Egberts Tabaksfab | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PREPARING A COLD DRINK |
| JPH0628540B2 (en) * | 1986-03-27 | 1994-04-20 | 三栄源エフ・エフ・アイ株式会社 | Method for preventing turbidity of black tea decoction |
| US4748033A (en) * | 1986-05-07 | 1988-05-31 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Tea concentrate having freeze thaw stability and enhanced cold water solubility |
| US4797293A (en) * | 1987-06-09 | 1989-01-10 | General Foods Corporation | Process for a non-clouding, concentrated tea extract |
| US4946701A (en) * | 1989-08-04 | 1990-08-07 | Procter & Gamble | Beverages |
-
1993
- 1993-12-16 JP JP6514802A patent/JPH08504591A/en active Pending
- 1993-12-16 AU AU58140/94A patent/AU685073B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-12-16 CA CA002152385A patent/CA2152385A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-12-16 WO PCT/EP1993/003621 patent/WO1994014329A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-12-16 NZ NZ259358A patent/NZ259358A/en unknown
- 1993-12-16 DK DK94903840.0T patent/DK0675684T3/en active
- 1993-12-16 AT AT94903840T patent/ATE159405T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-12-16 EP EP94903840A patent/EP0675684B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-16 DE DE69314810T patent/DE69314810T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-12-16 ES ES94903840T patent/ES2107804T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-22 MY MYPI93002814A patent/MY110116A/en unknown
-
1994
- 1994-03-05 TW TW083101920A patent/TW307673B/zh active
-
1995
- 1995-05-08 US US08/436,838 patent/US5529796A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-12-17 GR GR970403357T patent/GR3025706T3/en unknown
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9295360B2 (en) | 2014-03-14 | 2016-03-29 | Cornelius, Inc. | Devices for brewing and/or steeping tea |
| US9456715B2 (en) | 2014-03-14 | 2016-10-04 | Cornelius, Inc. | Methods for brewing and/or steeping tea |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU685073B2 (en) | 1998-01-15 |
| JPH08504591A (en) | 1996-05-21 |
| EP0675684B1 (en) | 1997-10-22 |
| ES2107804T3 (en) | 1997-12-01 |
| US5529796A (en) | 1996-06-25 |
| EP0675684A1 (en) | 1995-10-11 |
| GR3025706T3 (en) | 1998-03-31 |
| NZ259358A (en) | 1997-03-24 |
| WO1994014329A1 (en) | 1994-07-07 |
| DK0675684T3 (en) | 1998-05-18 |
| ATE159405T1 (en) | 1997-11-15 |
| AU5814094A (en) | 1994-07-19 |
| MY110116A (en) | 1998-01-27 |
| DE69314810D1 (en) | 1997-11-27 |
| TW307673B (en) | 1997-06-11 |
| DE69314810T2 (en) | 1998-02-26 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |