CA2149085A1 - System for the optical analysis of a sample of a reaction mixture - Google Patents
System for the optical analysis of a sample of a reaction mixtureInfo
- Publication number
- CA2149085A1 CA2149085A1 CA 2149085 CA2149085A CA2149085A1 CA 2149085 A1 CA2149085 A1 CA 2149085A1 CA 2149085 CA2149085 CA 2149085 CA 2149085 A CA2149085 A CA 2149085A CA 2149085 A1 CA2149085 A1 CA 2149085A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- vessel
- sample
- optical
- circulation
- reaction mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004520 agglutination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005497 microtitration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N35/08—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor using a stream of discrete samples flowing along a tube system, e.g. flow injection analysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
- G01N21/05—Flow-through cuvettes
Landscapes
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Optical Measuring Cells (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Automatic Analysis And Handling Materials Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
The system comprises an optical analysis cell (1) provided with a source of light (2) and photoelectric measuring means (3) disposed on opposite sides of an optical circulation vessel (4) of transparent material of a fluid circuit which comprises a connecting part (5) for connecting the circulation vessel to means (6) for taking and rejecting the sample of the reaction mixture to be measured, and a pump (7) for the aspiration of this mixture into the vessel and the discharge of this mixture out of the vessel (4).
The circulation vessel (4) and the connecting part are in the form of a tube of which one end is associated with the pump (7) and the other end is connected directly to the sample taking means, and the inside diameters of the vessel (4) and the connecting part (5) are identical so as to form a continuous fluid circuit.
The circulation vessel (4) and the connecting part are in the form of a tube of which one end is associated with the pump (7) and the other end is connected directly to the sample taking means, and the inside diameters of the vessel (4) and the connecting part (5) are identical so as to form a continuous fluid circuit.
Description
214908~
SYSTEM FOR THE OPTICAL ANALYSIS
OF A SAMPLE OF A REACTION MIXTURE
The present invention relates to a system for the optical analysis of a sample of a reaction mixture.
More particularly, the present invention relates to an optical analysis system comprising an optical analysis cell provided with a source of light and photoelectric measuring means disposed on opposite sides of a circulation vessel of transparent material of a fluid circuit, comprising a part for connecting the circulation vessel to means for taking and rejecting the sample of the reaction mixture to be studied, and a pump for the aspiration of said mixture into said vessel and the discharge of said mixture out of said vessel.
Systems for the optical analysis of samples of a reaction mixture are well known in the art, for example in medical biology for colorimetric, nephelometric or turbidimetric analyses.
An embodiment of such a system is to be found in the document US-A-2 797 149 which discloses an apparatus having a large part of the previously-mentioned characteristics for a study of suspensions.
Other embodiments of analysis systems of this type are to be found in the documents FR-A-2 262 307, FR-A-2 125 000 and DE-A-20 35 915.
Still further embodiments of optical analysis devices are to be found in the documents US-~-4 398 894 and US-A-4 253 846.
The document US-A-4 398 894 discloses an optical analysis device comprising a fluid circulation circuit and optical analysis means disposed on opposite sides of the fluid circulation circuit. This device permits determining the degree of agglutination of particles in a mixture but requires a specific measuring system. Moreover, it does not permit the analysis of a sample circulating in the circulation circuit at relatively high speed.
The document US-A-4 253 846 discloses a device for the analysis of samples circulating in an analysis conduit, by means of an optical analysis system comprising elements disposed along the conduit for adding to each sample a corresponding reagent. This device permits ensuring the reaction between different reagents and a sample to be titrated in the conduit but comprises a very complex fluid circuit.
Further, all these systems have a number of drawbacks since, as they are used for achieving in series analyses of samples of different reaction mixtures, there is a risk of contamination of a sample by the other samples and in particular by the preceding sample because these samples pass through the same fluid circuit.
In an attempt to overcome these problems, it has been proposed to employ means for cleaning this fluid circuit, for example by circulating in the latter a cleaning fluid between each sample, but it has been found that problems of 214908.~
contamination remain related to the complex structure of this fluid circuit.
An object of the invention is therefore to overcome these problems by providing an optical analysis system which is simple and reliable.
The invention therefore provides a system for the optical analysis of a sample of a reaction mixture, of the type comprising an optical analysis cell, provided with a source of light and photoelectric measuring means disposed on opposite sides of an optical circulation vessel which is of transparent material and is a part of a fluid circuit comprising a part connecting the circulation vessel to means for taking and rejecting the sample of the reaction mixture to be studied and a pump for the aspiration of said mixture into said vessel and the discharge of said mixture out of said vessel, characterized in that the circulation vessel and the connecting part are in the form of a tube of which one end is associated with an aspiration and discharge pump and the other end is connected directly to the sample taking means, the inside diameters of the vessel and the connecting part being identical so as to form a continuous fluid circuit, and the circulation vessel, the connecting part and the sample taking means are constituted either by a single cylinder tapered at an end thereof, or by the assembly of different tubes, including a flexible tube, which have identical inside diameters. In the second case, the flexible tube is the connecting part.
214908~
A better understanding of the invention will be had from the following description of a nephelometric application of the invention given solely by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing in which:
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the general structure of an optical analysis system according to the invention with a flexible connecting pipe;
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the structure of an optical analysis cell which is part of an analysis system according to the invention, and Fig. 3 is a side elevational view of a diaphragm which is part of the structure of an optical analysis system according to the invention.
As can be seen in these Figures, a system according to the invention for the optical analysis of a sample of a reaction mixture comprises an optical analysis cell generally designated by the reference numeral 1 in said Figures, provided with a source of light 2 and photoelectric measuring means 3 disposed on opposite sides of a circulation vessel 4 of transparent material constituting an element of a fluid circuit.
This fluid circuit comprises either a flexible pipe or tube 5 connecting the circulation vessel 4 to means 6 for taking and rejecting the sample of the reaction mixture, or a cylinder tapered at one end so as to constitute the sam~le taking means 6 and a pump 7 for the aspiration of said mixture into said vessel and the discharge of said - ` 21~908~
mixture out of said vessel.
The pump 7 may be connected to the circulation vessel by means of a valve 8 also connected to a source of cleaning fluid 9 to permit, as will be described in more detail hereinafter, injecting cleaning fluid into the fluid circuit upon the discharge of the reaction mixture out of the circuit for the purpose of cleaning the latter.
The means 6 for taking and rejecting the sample may be for example a needle connected to the corresponding end of 10 . the flexible connecting pipe 5, the latter being for example fixed to an arm 10 of a manipulator 11 whereby it is possible to place this needle in front of reaction containers, such as small microtitration plate tubes or wells, for example 12, disposed on receiving means and in which different reaction mixtures to be analyzed are placed.
It will therefore be understood that, when effecting the analysis, the arm 10 of the manipulator 11 places the means 6 for taking and rejecting the sample in one of the containers 12 to permit the pump 7 to aspirate a sample of the reaction mixture contained in this container into the fluid circuit and cause it to enter the circulation vessel 4 for its optical analysis.
When this analysis has been effected, the arm 10 of the manipulator 11 shifts the means 6 for taking and rejecting the sample for example to a position in front of means for draining off this sample and the pump 7 is 21~9085 actuated to discharge this sample from the fluid circuit.
At the same time, the valve 8 may be actuated to permit the injection into this fluid circuit of cleaning fluid for cleaning the latter and removing any trace of the sample.
According to the invention and as shown in the Figures, the circulation vessel may be in the form of a tube 4, for example of glass, of which one end is associated with the pump 7 and the other end is connected, for example by adhesion, welding or pressure, to the corresponding end of the flexible connecting pipe 5, and the inside diameters of the tube forming the vessel and the flexible connecting pipe are identical so as to form a continuous fluid circuit and facilitate the cleaning of the latter and avoid any problem of contamination between the samples or by the cleaning liquid.
The term "identical" is intended to refer to diameters whose sizes may be exactly e~ual or differ from one another by substantially 10%.
According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the inside diameters of the tube constituting the vessel 4 and the connecting pipe 5 are identical in the region of their joint but, following on this joint, it is possible to envisage a gradual and continuous reduction in the inside diameter of the connecting pipe 5 to a reduction of substantially 50% and preferably 25%.
It will of course be understood that this analysis - 214908~
system may also act as a segmentation system by means of air in which a certain amount of air is drawn into the fluid circuit before the sample of the reaction mixture.
According to one embodiment, the inside diameters of the tube and the pipe may advantageously be around 2 mm and the speed of circulation of the reaction mixture in the tube during the sample taking stage may be for example equal to 55 mm per second, which results in a regular flow in the case of an air segmentation system.
As can be seen in Fig. 2, the source of light 2 may comprise a laser diode disposed on one side of the tube 4.
Disposed on the other side of this tube in a conventional manner are a window 13, a diaphragm 14, a deflecting mirror 15, means 16 for trapping light, a lens system 17, a photoelectric measuring cell 18 and means 19 for processing output signals of said photoelectric measuring cell.
An embodiment of the diaphragm 14 which is particularly suitable for a nephelometric measurement is shown in Fig. 3.
This diaphragm is interposed between the tube 4 and the photoelectric measuring cell and may comprise a central aperture 20 in front of which there is placed the deflecting mirror 15 for deviating the light beam passing through this aperture in the direction toward the trapping means 16 to eliminate this beam of direct light.
This diaphragm may further comprise at least two - 2149Q8~
openings 21, 22 which are symmetrical relative to the axis of the diaphragm and adapted to allow through the beams of light deviated by the particles in suspension upon its passage through the tube, in the direction toward the photoelectric measuring cell.
This diaphragm is preferably arranged to allow through the beams of light dispersed within an angle of 8 to 16 relative to the optical axis of the laser diode.
In order to improve the precision of the measurements effected on the reaction mixtures containing particles in suspension, resulting for example from an agglutination, it is preferred to effect a plurality of successive measurements, from 50 to 200 per second, on the fluid in motion in the measuring tube, which permits, by means of the means 19 for processing the output signals of the measuring cell, for example eliminating the aberration values and calculating a mean of the measured signals to obtain a single value considered as the signal corresponding to the analyzed sample.
It wil be observed that the processing means 19 may comprise any suitable computer which also permits controlling the various previously-described elements.
SYSTEM FOR THE OPTICAL ANALYSIS
OF A SAMPLE OF A REACTION MIXTURE
The present invention relates to a system for the optical analysis of a sample of a reaction mixture.
More particularly, the present invention relates to an optical analysis system comprising an optical analysis cell provided with a source of light and photoelectric measuring means disposed on opposite sides of a circulation vessel of transparent material of a fluid circuit, comprising a part for connecting the circulation vessel to means for taking and rejecting the sample of the reaction mixture to be studied, and a pump for the aspiration of said mixture into said vessel and the discharge of said mixture out of said vessel.
Systems for the optical analysis of samples of a reaction mixture are well known in the art, for example in medical biology for colorimetric, nephelometric or turbidimetric analyses.
An embodiment of such a system is to be found in the document US-A-2 797 149 which discloses an apparatus having a large part of the previously-mentioned characteristics for a study of suspensions.
Other embodiments of analysis systems of this type are to be found in the documents FR-A-2 262 307, FR-A-2 125 000 and DE-A-20 35 915.
Still further embodiments of optical analysis devices are to be found in the documents US-~-4 398 894 and US-A-4 253 846.
The document US-A-4 398 894 discloses an optical analysis device comprising a fluid circulation circuit and optical analysis means disposed on opposite sides of the fluid circulation circuit. This device permits determining the degree of agglutination of particles in a mixture but requires a specific measuring system. Moreover, it does not permit the analysis of a sample circulating in the circulation circuit at relatively high speed.
The document US-A-4 253 846 discloses a device for the analysis of samples circulating in an analysis conduit, by means of an optical analysis system comprising elements disposed along the conduit for adding to each sample a corresponding reagent. This device permits ensuring the reaction between different reagents and a sample to be titrated in the conduit but comprises a very complex fluid circuit.
Further, all these systems have a number of drawbacks since, as they are used for achieving in series analyses of samples of different reaction mixtures, there is a risk of contamination of a sample by the other samples and in particular by the preceding sample because these samples pass through the same fluid circuit.
In an attempt to overcome these problems, it has been proposed to employ means for cleaning this fluid circuit, for example by circulating in the latter a cleaning fluid between each sample, but it has been found that problems of 214908.~
contamination remain related to the complex structure of this fluid circuit.
An object of the invention is therefore to overcome these problems by providing an optical analysis system which is simple and reliable.
The invention therefore provides a system for the optical analysis of a sample of a reaction mixture, of the type comprising an optical analysis cell, provided with a source of light and photoelectric measuring means disposed on opposite sides of an optical circulation vessel which is of transparent material and is a part of a fluid circuit comprising a part connecting the circulation vessel to means for taking and rejecting the sample of the reaction mixture to be studied and a pump for the aspiration of said mixture into said vessel and the discharge of said mixture out of said vessel, characterized in that the circulation vessel and the connecting part are in the form of a tube of which one end is associated with an aspiration and discharge pump and the other end is connected directly to the sample taking means, the inside diameters of the vessel and the connecting part being identical so as to form a continuous fluid circuit, and the circulation vessel, the connecting part and the sample taking means are constituted either by a single cylinder tapered at an end thereof, or by the assembly of different tubes, including a flexible tube, which have identical inside diameters. In the second case, the flexible tube is the connecting part.
214908~
A better understanding of the invention will be had from the following description of a nephelometric application of the invention given solely by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing in which:
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the general structure of an optical analysis system according to the invention with a flexible connecting pipe;
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the structure of an optical analysis cell which is part of an analysis system according to the invention, and Fig. 3 is a side elevational view of a diaphragm which is part of the structure of an optical analysis system according to the invention.
As can be seen in these Figures, a system according to the invention for the optical analysis of a sample of a reaction mixture comprises an optical analysis cell generally designated by the reference numeral 1 in said Figures, provided with a source of light 2 and photoelectric measuring means 3 disposed on opposite sides of a circulation vessel 4 of transparent material constituting an element of a fluid circuit.
This fluid circuit comprises either a flexible pipe or tube 5 connecting the circulation vessel 4 to means 6 for taking and rejecting the sample of the reaction mixture, or a cylinder tapered at one end so as to constitute the sam~le taking means 6 and a pump 7 for the aspiration of said mixture into said vessel and the discharge of said - ` 21~908~
mixture out of said vessel.
The pump 7 may be connected to the circulation vessel by means of a valve 8 also connected to a source of cleaning fluid 9 to permit, as will be described in more detail hereinafter, injecting cleaning fluid into the fluid circuit upon the discharge of the reaction mixture out of the circuit for the purpose of cleaning the latter.
The means 6 for taking and rejecting the sample may be for example a needle connected to the corresponding end of 10 . the flexible connecting pipe 5, the latter being for example fixed to an arm 10 of a manipulator 11 whereby it is possible to place this needle in front of reaction containers, such as small microtitration plate tubes or wells, for example 12, disposed on receiving means and in which different reaction mixtures to be analyzed are placed.
It will therefore be understood that, when effecting the analysis, the arm 10 of the manipulator 11 places the means 6 for taking and rejecting the sample in one of the containers 12 to permit the pump 7 to aspirate a sample of the reaction mixture contained in this container into the fluid circuit and cause it to enter the circulation vessel 4 for its optical analysis.
When this analysis has been effected, the arm 10 of the manipulator 11 shifts the means 6 for taking and rejecting the sample for example to a position in front of means for draining off this sample and the pump 7 is 21~9085 actuated to discharge this sample from the fluid circuit.
At the same time, the valve 8 may be actuated to permit the injection into this fluid circuit of cleaning fluid for cleaning the latter and removing any trace of the sample.
According to the invention and as shown in the Figures, the circulation vessel may be in the form of a tube 4, for example of glass, of which one end is associated with the pump 7 and the other end is connected, for example by adhesion, welding or pressure, to the corresponding end of the flexible connecting pipe 5, and the inside diameters of the tube forming the vessel and the flexible connecting pipe are identical so as to form a continuous fluid circuit and facilitate the cleaning of the latter and avoid any problem of contamination between the samples or by the cleaning liquid.
The term "identical" is intended to refer to diameters whose sizes may be exactly e~ual or differ from one another by substantially 10%.
According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the inside diameters of the tube constituting the vessel 4 and the connecting pipe 5 are identical in the region of their joint but, following on this joint, it is possible to envisage a gradual and continuous reduction in the inside diameter of the connecting pipe 5 to a reduction of substantially 50% and preferably 25%.
It will of course be understood that this analysis - 214908~
system may also act as a segmentation system by means of air in which a certain amount of air is drawn into the fluid circuit before the sample of the reaction mixture.
According to one embodiment, the inside diameters of the tube and the pipe may advantageously be around 2 mm and the speed of circulation of the reaction mixture in the tube during the sample taking stage may be for example equal to 55 mm per second, which results in a regular flow in the case of an air segmentation system.
As can be seen in Fig. 2, the source of light 2 may comprise a laser diode disposed on one side of the tube 4.
Disposed on the other side of this tube in a conventional manner are a window 13, a diaphragm 14, a deflecting mirror 15, means 16 for trapping light, a lens system 17, a photoelectric measuring cell 18 and means 19 for processing output signals of said photoelectric measuring cell.
An embodiment of the diaphragm 14 which is particularly suitable for a nephelometric measurement is shown in Fig. 3.
This diaphragm is interposed between the tube 4 and the photoelectric measuring cell and may comprise a central aperture 20 in front of which there is placed the deflecting mirror 15 for deviating the light beam passing through this aperture in the direction toward the trapping means 16 to eliminate this beam of direct light.
This diaphragm may further comprise at least two - 2149Q8~
openings 21, 22 which are symmetrical relative to the axis of the diaphragm and adapted to allow through the beams of light deviated by the particles in suspension upon its passage through the tube, in the direction toward the photoelectric measuring cell.
This diaphragm is preferably arranged to allow through the beams of light dispersed within an angle of 8 to 16 relative to the optical axis of the laser diode.
In order to improve the precision of the measurements effected on the reaction mixtures containing particles in suspension, resulting for example from an agglutination, it is preferred to effect a plurality of successive measurements, from 50 to 200 per second, on the fluid in motion in the measuring tube, which permits, by means of the means 19 for processing the output signals of the measuring cell, for example eliminating the aberration values and calculating a mean of the measured signals to obtain a single value considered as the signal corresponding to the analyzed sample.
It wil be observed that the processing means 19 may comprise any suitable computer which also permits controlling the various previously-described elements.
Claims (9)
1. System for the optical analysis of a sample of a reaction mixture of the type comprising an optical analysis cell provided with a source of light and photoelectric means disposed on opposite sides of an optical circulation vessel of transparent material of a fluid circuit, comprising a part for connecting the circulation vessel to means for taking and rejecting the sample of the reaction mixture to be studied and a pump for the aspiration and the discharge of said mixture in and out of said vessel, characterized in that the circulation vessel and the connecting part are in the form of a tube of which one end is associated with the aspiration and discharge pump and the other end is directly connected to the sample taking means, the inside diameters of the vessel and the connecting part being identical so as to form a continuous fluid circuit, and the circulation vessel, the connecting part and the sample taking means are formed either by a single cylinder tapered at the end thereof, or by the assembly of different tubes, including a flexible tube, which have identical inside diameters.
2. System according to claim 1, wherein the inside diameters of the optical vessel and the connecting part are on the order of 2 mm.
3. System according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the speed of circulation of the sample in the optical vessel in the course of the measurement is on the order of 55 mm per second.
4. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the pump is associated with means for injecting into the fluid circuit a fluid for cleaning the latter upon the rejection of the sample of the reaction mixture.
5. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the source of light comprises a laser diode.
6. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a diaphragm is interposed between the vessel and the rest of the photoelectric means.
7. System according to claim 6, wherein, for a nephelometric measurement, the diaphragm comprises a central aperture in front of which there is placed a mirror for deviating the beam of light passing through said aperture in the direction toward means for trapping said beam, and at least two openings which are symmetrical relative to the axis of the diaphragm and are adapted to allow through the beams of the light deviated upon its passage through the vessel, in the direction toward the rest of the photoelectric means.
8. System according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising effecting 50 to 200 optical measurements per second during the measurements.
9. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the photoelectric means comprise a photoelectric measuring cell of which the output is connected to processing means.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9405837A FR2719902B1 (en) | 1994-05-11 | 1994-05-11 | Optical analysis system for a reaction mixture sample. |
| FR9405837 | 1994-05-11 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2149085A1 true CA2149085A1 (en) | 1995-11-12 |
Family
ID=9463142
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2149085 Abandoned CA2149085A1 (en) | 1994-05-11 | 1995-05-10 | System for the optical analysis of a sample of a reaction mixture |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0683387A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0843298A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2149085A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2719902B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2290897A (en) * | 1996-04-04 | 1997-10-29 | Novartis Ag | Device for counting small particles and a sorting apparatus comprising such a device |
| US8143070B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2012-03-27 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Optical cell |
| JP2009276214A (en) * | 2008-05-15 | 2009-11-26 | Hitachi High-Technologies Corp | Immuno-analyzer |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2797149A (en) * | 1953-01-08 | 1957-06-25 | Technicon International Ltd | Methods of and apparatus for analyzing liquids containing crystalloid and non-crystalloid constituents |
| DE2035915A1 (en) * | 1969-08-08 | 1971-02-25 | Medizin Und Labotechnik Veb K | Cuvette for colorimetric measurements of - viscous fluids |
| CH515502A (en) * | 1970-07-06 | 1971-11-15 | Kasparek Vladimir | Flow cell |
| US3734601A (en) * | 1971-07-08 | 1973-05-22 | Baxter Laboratories Inc | Flow cell assembly for colorimetric measurements |
| US4027973A (en) * | 1973-07-02 | 1977-06-07 | Beckman Instruments, Inc. | Detector apparatus for laser light scattering photometers |
| DE2409273A1 (en) * | 1974-02-27 | 1975-09-04 | Behringwerke Ag | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTIONS |
| US3954341A (en) * | 1974-09-30 | 1976-05-04 | Technicon Instruments Corporation | Liquid sample analyzer with improved optical characteristics |
| US4253846A (en) * | 1979-11-21 | 1981-03-03 | Technicon Instruments Corporation | Method and apparatus for automated analysis of fluid samples |
| JPS576338A (en) * | 1980-06-12 | 1982-01-13 | Kyoto Daiichi Kagaku:Kk | Method and device for measuring degree of flocculation of finely divided particles quantitatively |
-
1994
- 1994-05-11 FR FR9405837A patent/FR2719902B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-05-09 EP EP95401070A patent/EP0683387A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-05-09 JP JP11054895A patent/JPH0843298A/en active Pending
- 1995-05-10 CA CA 2149085 patent/CA2149085A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0683387A1 (en) | 1995-11-22 |
| JPH0843298A (en) | 1996-02-16 |
| FR2719902A1 (en) | 1995-11-17 |
| FR2719902B1 (en) | 1996-07-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |