CA2139076C - Strength member for combined air or fluid/electrical hose assembly - Google Patents
Strength member for combined air or fluid/electrical hose assemblyInfo
- Publication number
- CA2139076C CA2139076C CA002139076A CA2139076A CA2139076C CA 2139076 C CA2139076 C CA 2139076C CA 002139076 A CA002139076 A CA 002139076A CA 2139076 A CA2139076 A CA 2139076A CA 2139076 C CA2139076 C CA 2139076C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- hose
- strength member
- electrical
- assembly
- anchor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
- F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
- F16L11/10—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements not embedded in the wall
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
- F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
- F16L11/12—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with arrangements for particular purposes, e.g. specially profiled, with protecting layer, heated, electrically conducting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L35/00—Special arrangements used in connection with end fittings of hoses, e.g. safety or protecting devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B9/00—Power cables
- H01B9/06—Gas-pressure cables; Oil-pressure cables; Cables for use in conduits under fluid pressure
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
Abstract
. .
This invention relates to a strength member for a hose and to an improved combined fluid/electrical hose. The strength member of the present invention is a low stretch high strength natural or artificial fibre material which may be incorporated into the bore of the hose and fastened to a hose end termination connector at each end to limit stretch of the hose. In the improved combined fluid/electrical hose of the present invention, the electrical wire extends longitudinally and freely the full length of the hose without attachment to the inner hose wall. This combined fluid/electrical hose also comprises a strength member.
This invention relates to a strength member for a hose and to an improved combined fluid/electrical hose. The strength member of the present invention is a low stretch high strength natural or artificial fibre material which may be incorporated into the bore of the hose and fastened to a hose end termination connector at each end to limit stretch of the hose. In the improved combined fluid/electrical hose of the present invention, the electrical wire extends longitudinally and freely the full length of the hose without attachment to the inner hose wall. This combined fluid/electrical hose also comprises a strength member.
Description
STRENGTH MEMBER FOR COMBINED
FLUID/ELECTRICAL HOSE
FIELD OF INVENTION
This invention relates to a strength member for a hose and to an improved combined fluid/electrical hose.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Most combined fluid and electrical hoses have the wires built into the wall of the hose in a straight, spiralled or braided fashion. These wires are placed around or along the outside surface of the inner hose before the outer jacket is moulded into place or they are embedded in one of the hose layers United States Patent No. 3,457,359 to Soucy discloses one such hose having a wire braid reinforcing layer which acts as a grounding conductor to dissipate electric charge which may build up in the hose. United States Patent No. 4,675,780 to Barnes also discloses a reinforced integral layer of conductive fiber bundles.
United States Patent No. 3,899,631 to Clark discloses an inflatable tube having electrical conductors which are integrally formed in the elastomer outer cover of the inflatable tube.
These hoses are special application products made at greater expense than a normal fluid or air hose and which after manufacture is converted to add the electrical connection . - . CA 02139076 1998-02-04 -capability. Typically the production of special application hoses involves extensive development costs and large start-up production quantities for each version.
In use, when initially pressurised, a combined air or fluid and electrical hose contracts.
5 It also stretches beyond its original length when subjected to lengthwise tension. The embedded wire, subjected to compressive and tensile forces, kinks and stretches out.
Repetition of the stretching and kinking of the wire causes the wire to fail and break two to three inches from the terminations after a very short period of time, even during normal usage.
In the present invention, the electrical wire extends longi~l~lin~lly and freely the full length of the hose without attachment to the inner hose wall. Further, the present invention provides a strength member which may be incorporated into the bore of the hose to limit stretch of the hose.
In one aspect, this invention relates a strengthened hose, said hose having a length and a bore, comprising a strength member inside said bore and freely extending substantially said length to limit stretch of said hose along said length; and a hose end termination connector 20 secured to each end of said hose and to which said strength member is fastened.
In another aspect, this invention relates to a combined fluid/electrical hose assembly comprising a hose having a length and a bore; at least one electrical wire inside said bore longitudinally and freely extending substantially said length and exiting said hose; at least one , . CA 02139076 1998-02-04 strength member inside said bore longitudinally and freely extending substantially said length to limit stretch of said hose along said length; a combined fluid/electrical hose end termination connector secured to each end of said hose wherein said strength member is fastened to each said termination connector.
Yet in another aspect, this invention relates to a combined fluid/electrical hose assembly comprising a hose having a length and a bore; at least one electrical wire inside said bore longitudinally and freely extending substantially said length and exiting said hose; at least one strength member inside said bore longihl~lin~lly and freely extending substantially said length 10 to limit stretch of said hose along said length; a combined fluid/electrical hose end termination connector secured to each end of said hose wherein said strength member is fastened to each said termination connector, whereby overstress of said at least one electrical wire is avoided thereby to extend the life of said at least one electrical wire.
Figure 1 is a side sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a side sectional view of another embodiment of the invention.
Figure 3 is a side sectional view of another embodiment showing a strength member anchored to a combined fluid/electrical hose end termination connector.
. - . CA 02139076 1998-02-04 "_ DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
With reference to Figure 1, a preferred combined fluid/electrical hose assembly of the present invention is designated by numeral 20. This hose assembly comprises hose 1 which 5 may be elastomeric or plastic and of any length consistent with the supply of fluids and gases at the specified pressure and flow-rates from the source to the termin~ting equipment of the user. One or more insulated electrical wires 6 extends longit~ in~lly and freely the full length of the hose bore without ~tt~hment to the inner hose wall, thereby simplifying the assembly of electrical wires into a normal application fluid or air hose to produce a combined 10 fluid/electrical hose.
The hose assembly further comprises a hose end termination connector 5 at each end of the hose, which forms a part of combined air or fluid/electrical hose end connector 9.
Hosebarb shaft 8 of hose end termination connector engages the hose and the hose is securely 15 held in place by hose clamp 2. Hose end termination connector 5 may also be connected directly to the termin~ting m~chine or protective suit.
A strength member 4 is incorporated into the hose bore and anchored to each hose end tclmillalion connector 5. Strength member 4, as it exits the hose, is wrapped around an 20 anchor ring 3 and hose clamp 2 clamps the strength member to prevent slippage. Strength member 4, at the point of exit, is sealed with sealant or adhesive 10 to prevent air or fluid leakage. The strength member may be aramid, graphite fibre, metal cable or any low stretch m~nm~le material or natural fibre. The strength member so anchored prevents the hose from stretching when tension is applied to the hose. The strength member of the present invention s,' 1 ~.
., ~, may be used with a low priced fluid or air hose and a low priced, insulated wire to manufacture a reliable, rugged combined fluid/electrical hose. Its main applications include protective suit air/communication supply hoses, robotic supply hoses and umbilical supply hoses for medium and heavy duty machinery.
Electrical wires 6 which are floating freely through the length of the hose bore are brought out of the hose bore through hosebarb shaft 8 via feed-through holes 7 and the holes sealed with sealant or adhesive 10 to prevent air or fluid leakage. Prior to installation, electrical wires 6 are twisted tightly and then the tension from twisting relieved to open up the 10 twists and make the wire harness slightly elastic; this gives enough stretch to accommodate the minim~l stretch of the strength member.
Referring to Figure 2, electrical wires 6 may also exit through feed-through holes 14 in hose l; holes 14 are sealed with sealant or adhesive 10 at the point of exit.
Referring to Figure 3, as an alternative to attaching strength member 4 to hose end termination connector 5 with anchor ring 3 and hose clamp 2, the strength member may be anchored directly to hose termination connector 5, through anchor hole 11 drilled radially to the hosebarb shaft axis or hoop which forms a part of the hose end termination connector 5.
20 The strength member is looped around anchor hole 11 and is fastened to itself with crimp ferrules 12 to prevent slippage.
It will be appreciated by one skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to the exemplified embodiment without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.
Such modifications are also intended to be within the scope of the invention.
FLUID/ELECTRICAL HOSE
FIELD OF INVENTION
This invention relates to a strength member for a hose and to an improved combined fluid/electrical hose.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Most combined fluid and electrical hoses have the wires built into the wall of the hose in a straight, spiralled or braided fashion. These wires are placed around or along the outside surface of the inner hose before the outer jacket is moulded into place or they are embedded in one of the hose layers United States Patent No. 3,457,359 to Soucy discloses one such hose having a wire braid reinforcing layer which acts as a grounding conductor to dissipate electric charge which may build up in the hose. United States Patent No. 4,675,780 to Barnes also discloses a reinforced integral layer of conductive fiber bundles.
United States Patent No. 3,899,631 to Clark discloses an inflatable tube having electrical conductors which are integrally formed in the elastomer outer cover of the inflatable tube.
These hoses are special application products made at greater expense than a normal fluid or air hose and which after manufacture is converted to add the electrical connection . - . CA 02139076 1998-02-04 -capability. Typically the production of special application hoses involves extensive development costs and large start-up production quantities for each version.
In use, when initially pressurised, a combined air or fluid and electrical hose contracts.
5 It also stretches beyond its original length when subjected to lengthwise tension. The embedded wire, subjected to compressive and tensile forces, kinks and stretches out.
Repetition of the stretching and kinking of the wire causes the wire to fail and break two to three inches from the terminations after a very short period of time, even during normal usage.
In the present invention, the electrical wire extends longi~l~lin~lly and freely the full length of the hose without attachment to the inner hose wall. Further, the present invention provides a strength member which may be incorporated into the bore of the hose to limit stretch of the hose.
In one aspect, this invention relates a strengthened hose, said hose having a length and a bore, comprising a strength member inside said bore and freely extending substantially said length to limit stretch of said hose along said length; and a hose end termination connector 20 secured to each end of said hose and to which said strength member is fastened.
In another aspect, this invention relates to a combined fluid/electrical hose assembly comprising a hose having a length and a bore; at least one electrical wire inside said bore longitudinally and freely extending substantially said length and exiting said hose; at least one , . CA 02139076 1998-02-04 strength member inside said bore longitudinally and freely extending substantially said length to limit stretch of said hose along said length; a combined fluid/electrical hose end termination connector secured to each end of said hose wherein said strength member is fastened to each said termination connector.
Yet in another aspect, this invention relates to a combined fluid/electrical hose assembly comprising a hose having a length and a bore; at least one electrical wire inside said bore longitudinally and freely extending substantially said length and exiting said hose; at least one strength member inside said bore longihl~lin~lly and freely extending substantially said length 10 to limit stretch of said hose along said length; a combined fluid/electrical hose end termination connector secured to each end of said hose wherein said strength member is fastened to each said termination connector, whereby overstress of said at least one electrical wire is avoided thereby to extend the life of said at least one electrical wire.
Figure 1 is a side sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a side sectional view of another embodiment of the invention.
Figure 3 is a side sectional view of another embodiment showing a strength member anchored to a combined fluid/electrical hose end termination connector.
. - . CA 02139076 1998-02-04 "_ DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
With reference to Figure 1, a preferred combined fluid/electrical hose assembly of the present invention is designated by numeral 20. This hose assembly comprises hose 1 which 5 may be elastomeric or plastic and of any length consistent with the supply of fluids and gases at the specified pressure and flow-rates from the source to the termin~ting equipment of the user. One or more insulated electrical wires 6 extends longit~ in~lly and freely the full length of the hose bore without ~tt~hment to the inner hose wall, thereby simplifying the assembly of electrical wires into a normal application fluid or air hose to produce a combined 10 fluid/electrical hose.
The hose assembly further comprises a hose end termination connector 5 at each end of the hose, which forms a part of combined air or fluid/electrical hose end connector 9.
Hosebarb shaft 8 of hose end termination connector engages the hose and the hose is securely 15 held in place by hose clamp 2. Hose end termination connector 5 may also be connected directly to the termin~ting m~chine or protective suit.
A strength member 4 is incorporated into the hose bore and anchored to each hose end tclmillalion connector 5. Strength member 4, as it exits the hose, is wrapped around an 20 anchor ring 3 and hose clamp 2 clamps the strength member to prevent slippage. Strength member 4, at the point of exit, is sealed with sealant or adhesive 10 to prevent air or fluid leakage. The strength member may be aramid, graphite fibre, metal cable or any low stretch m~nm~le material or natural fibre. The strength member so anchored prevents the hose from stretching when tension is applied to the hose. The strength member of the present invention s,' 1 ~.
., ~, may be used with a low priced fluid or air hose and a low priced, insulated wire to manufacture a reliable, rugged combined fluid/electrical hose. Its main applications include protective suit air/communication supply hoses, robotic supply hoses and umbilical supply hoses for medium and heavy duty machinery.
Electrical wires 6 which are floating freely through the length of the hose bore are brought out of the hose bore through hosebarb shaft 8 via feed-through holes 7 and the holes sealed with sealant or adhesive 10 to prevent air or fluid leakage. Prior to installation, electrical wires 6 are twisted tightly and then the tension from twisting relieved to open up the 10 twists and make the wire harness slightly elastic; this gives enough stretch to accommodate the minim~l stretch of the strength member.
Referring to Figure 2, electrical wires 6 may also exit through feed-through holes 14 in hose l; holes 14 are sealed with sealant or adhesive 10 at the point of exit.
Referring to Figure 3, as an alternative to attaching strength member 4 to hose end termination connector 5 with anchor ring 3 and hose clamp 2, the strength member may be anchored directly to hose termination connector 5, through anchor hole 11 drilled radially to the hosebarb shaft axis or hoop which forms a part of the hose end termination connector 5.
20 The strength member is looped around anchor hole 11 and is fastened to itself with crimp ferrules 12 to prevent slippage.
It will be appreciated by one skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to the exemplified embodiment without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.
Such modifications are also intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (25)
1. A combined fluid/electrical hose assembly comprising:
- a hose having a length and a bore;
- at least one electrical wire inside said bore longitudinally and freely extending substantially said length and exiting said hose;
- at least one strength member inside said bore longitudinally and freely extending substantially said length to limit stretch of said hose along said length;
- a combined fluid/electrical hose end termination connector secured to each end of said hose wherein said strength member is fastened to each said termination connector.
- a hose having a length and a bore;
- at least one electrical wire inside said bore longitudinally and freely extending substantially said length and exiting said hose;
- at least one strength member inside said bore longitudinally and freely extending substantially said length to limit stretch of said hose along said length;
- a combined fluid/electrical hose end termination connector secured to each end of said hose wherein said strength member is fastened to each said termination connector.
2. A combined fluid/electrical hose assembly comprising:
- a hose having a length and a bore;
- at least one electrical wire inside said bore longitudinally and freely extending substantially said length and exiting said hose;
- at least one strength member inside said bore longitudinally and freely extending substantially said length to limit stretch of said hose along said length;
- a combined fluid/electrical hose end termination connector secured to each end of said hose wherein said strength member is fastened to each said termination connector whereby overstress of said at least one electrical wire is avoided thereby to extend the life of said at least one electrical wire.
- a hose having a length and a bore;
- at least one electrical wire inside said bore longitudinally and freely extending substantially said length and exiting said hose;
- at least one strength member inside said bore longitudinally and freely extending substantially said length to limit stretch of said hose along said length;
- a combined fluid/electrical hose end termination connector secured to each end of said hose wherein said strength member is fastened to each said termination connector whereby overstress of said at least one electrical wire is avoided thereby to extend the life of said at least one electrical wire.
3. The combined fluid/electrical hose assembly as in claim 1 wherein said hose is elastomeric or plastic.
4. The combined fluid/electrical hose assembly as in claim 1 wherein each said termination connector comprises at least one exit hole for said at least one wire.
5. The combined fluid/electrical hose assembly as in claim 1 wherein each said termination connector comprises a hosebarb shaft for insertion into said hose.
6. The combined fluid/electrical hose assembly as in claim 5 wherein each said termination connector is secured to an end of said hose by a clamping device.
7. The combined fluid/electrical hose assembly as in claim 6 wherein said strength member is fastened to each said termination connector by an anchor assembly.
8. The combined fluid/electrical assembly as in claim 7 wherein said anchor assembly comprises an anchor ring engaging said hosebarb shaft around which said strength member is wrapped as said strength member exits from said hose end.
9. The combined fluid/electrical assembly as in claim 8 wherein said anchor assembly further comprises said clamping device for clamping said strength member to each said termination connector to prevent slippage.
10. The combined fluid/electrical assembly as in claim 7 wherein said anchor assembly comprises an anchor member in said hosebarb shaft, said strength member being looped from an inner end of said hosebarb shaft, around said anchor member and back to said inner end of said hosebarb shaft.
11. The combined fluid/electrical assembly as in claim 10 wherein said anchor assembly further comprises a clamping device to clamp said strength member to itself proximate said inner end of said hosebarb shaft.
12. The combined fluid/electrical assembly as in claim 10 wherein said anchor member is an anchor hole in said hosebarb shaft.
13. The combined fluid/electrical hose assembly as in any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein said strength member comprises of a low stretch, high strength, natural or artificial fibre material.
14. The combined fluid/electrical hose assembly as in any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein said strength member comprises of a low stretch metal alloy wire cable.
15. The combined fluid/electrical hose assembly as in any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein said at least one wire is relaxed along said length of said hose to accommodate minimal stretch of said hose permitted by said strength member.
16. A strengthened hose, said hose having a length and a bore, comprising:
- a strength member inside said bore and freely extending substantially said length to limit stretch of said hose along said length; and - a hose end termination connector secured to each end of said hose and to which said strength member is fastened.
- a strength member inside said bore and freely extending substantially said length to limit stretch of said hose along said length; and - a hose end termination connector secured to each end of said hose and to which said strength member is fastened.
17. The strengthened hose as in claim 16 wherein said strength member comprises of a low stretch, high strength, natural or artificial fibre material.
18. The strengthened hose as in claim 17 wherein said strength member is a low stretch metal alloy wire cable.
19. The strengthened hose as in claim 16 wherein said termination connector comprises a hosebarb shaft for insertion into said hose.
20. The strengthened hose as in claim 19 wherein said strength member is fastened to each said termination connector by an anchor assembly.
21. The strengthened hose as in claim 20 wherein said anchor assembly comprises an anchor ring engaging said hosebarb shaft around which said strength member is wrapped.
22. The strength member assembly as in claim 21 wherein said anchor assembly further comprises a clamp for clamping said strength member to each said termination connector to prevent slippage.
23. The strength member assembly as in claim 20 wherein said anchor assembly comprises an anchor member in said hosebarb shaft, said strength member being looped from an inner end of said hosebarb shaft, around said anchor member and back on itself.
24. The strength member assembly as in claim 23 wherein said anchor assembly further comprises a clamping device to clamp said strength member to itself proximate said inner end of said hosebarb shaft.
25. The strength member assembly as in claim 23 wherein said anchor member is an anchor hole in said hosebarb shaft.
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Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002139076A CA2139076C (en) | 1994-12-23 | 1994-12-23 | Strength member for combined air or fluid/electrical hose assembly |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002139076A CA2139076C (en) | 1994-12-23 | 1994-12-23 | Strength member for combined air or fluid/electrical hose assembly |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2139076A1 CA2139076A1 (en) | 1996-06-24 |
| CA2139076C true CA2139076C (en) | 1998-06-16 |
Family
ID=4154927
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002139076A Expired - Fee Related CA2139076C (en) | 1994-12-23 | 1994-12-23 | Strength member for combined air or fluid/electrical hose assembly |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2139076C (en) |
-
1994
- 1994-12-23 CA CA002139076A patent/CA2139076C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2139076A1 (en) | 1996-06-24 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |