CA2137594A1 - Welding apparatus for studs of annular cross-section - Google Patents
Welding apparatus for studs of annular cross-sectionInfo
- Publication number
- CA2137594A1 CA2137594A1 CA002137594A CA2137594A CA2137594A1 CA 2137594 A1 CA2137594 A1 CA 2137594A1 CA 002137594 A CA002137594 A CA 002137594A CA 2137594 A CA2137594 A CA 2137594A CA 2137594 A1 CA2137594 A1 CA 2137594A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- stud
- welding
- flux guiding
- holder
- magnetic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/08—Arrangements or circuits for magnetic control of the arc
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/20—Stud welding
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Arc Welding Control (AREA)
- Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)
Abstract
For arc-welding studs of substantially annular cross-section, a stud holder 1 is surrounded by an electromagnet coil 5, the magnetic field of which is applied to the welding gap through a magnetic flux guiding portion 6, 7 so as to generate a magnetic field component extending radially of the stud 4 within the gap. This radial field component exerts a circumferential force on the arc to move it along the annular face of the hollow stud 4 thereby securely welding the stud 4 to the workpiece 2 along its entire annular cross-section. In order to minimise coupling of the magnetic field into the conductive workpiece 2, the flux guiding portion has a frusto-conical magnetic field former 7, the generatrix of which points to the welding zone 8, with the pole surface 9 formed at the tip of the field former 7 closely surrounding the welding gap.
Description
Background of the Invention This invention relates to a welding apparatus for studs having a substantially annular cross-section, which comprises a stud holder that is movable perpendicularly to a workpiece surface to which the stud is to be welded. A welding arc is generated between the welding stud and the workpiece surface, and an electromagnet coil surrounding the stud holder pro-duces a magnetic field that acts on the arc to move the arc along the annular face of the stud.
In an apparatus of this type, which is known from DE-B-1 565 003, the magnet coil consists of a single or multiple loop through which a current flows which may be the welding current itself. The magnetic field created by this coil ex-tends primarily coaxially with the welding stud and is only little effective to move the arc.
Summary of the Invention It is an object of the invention to provide a welding apparatus which permits the welding of hollow studs safely, strongly and quickly. It is also an object of the invention to make such apparatus compact and simple in structure so that it may be readily mounted on existing stud welding appa-ratus and that it may be used in connection with hand-held stud welding guns as are common at assembly and construction sites.
The meet these objects, a welding apparatus for studs of substantially annular cross-section in accordance with the present invention comprises a stud holder which is movable perpendicularly with respect to a workpiece surface to which the stud is to be welded, means for generating a welding arc within a welding gap defined between the stud and the work-piece surface, an electromagnet coil surrounding the stud holder for generating a magnetic field that acts on the arc, and a magnetic flux guiding portion coupled to the electro-magnet coil and including a frusto-conical field former hav-ing a generatrix which points to the welding gap, an end of the field former having a substantially annular pole surface 21~7594 -surrounding the welding gap for producing a magnetic field component which extends radially of the stud within the weld-ng gap.
The flux guiding portion with its frusto-conical field former enables the generation of a strong magnetic field com-ponent which extends radially within the welding gap and is effective to move the arc. The field former also reduces the possibility for the magnetic field of the magnetic coil to be coupled into the workpiece, which would otherwise weaken this radial magnetic field component.
The frusto-conical shape of the ferromagnetic field for-mer further results in efficient magnetic shielding of the welding zone against external field-distorting influences and results in a compact structure. The apparatus may thus be mounted on hand-held stud welding guns so that it can be flexibly used in mobile assembly applications. Due to the slender shape of the magnetic field former, the apparatus of the invention is suited for welding at locations that are difficult to access.
The coil and the flux guiding portion are preferably formed as a structural unit which is mechanically secured to the stud welding apparatus in an axially adjustable manner.
It can be stably placed on the workpiece by adjustable spac-ers. The stud holder is mechanically connected to a lifting and lowering mechanism of the stud welding apparatus to pro-duce the axial movement of the stud necessary to start the welding arc.
Furthermore, the stud holder is electrically connected to the terminal of a welding current source for supplying the welding arc. The coil is electrically excited at least during the burning phase of the arc.
By means of the apparatus according to the invention, the magnetic flux lines generated when the coil is excited pass pre~omin~ntly and substantially along their entire paths through the magnetically highly conductive material forming the apparatus and the tubular stud. Only in the vicinity of the welding zone, where the flux lines exit from the annular pole face of the field former and penetrate the air gap, the flux lines have a radial field component within the welding gap. After the welding arc has been ignited by lifting the stud off the workpiece surface, this radial field component causes the arc to move in a well-defined manner along the an-nular surface of the tubular stud. The stud welding apparatus of the invention thus permits high quality welding of a tubu-lar stud to a workpiece by a closed annular welding seam.
In the apparatus of the invention, the workpiece itself does not actively take part in the formation of the magnetic field. The apparatus thus ensures substantially constant field conditions for moving the arc even with very differ-ently shaped workpieces.
For easy handling and high reliability of the apparatus according to the invention, it has turned out useful to ar-range the field former in an electrically insulated manner from both the stud and the workpiece. Alternatively, the field former and/or a magnetic return-path element connected to the magnetic field former, may be made of ferromagnetic material exhibiting no or small electrical conductivity, or part or all of the field former may be coated with electri-cally insulating material. !~ , An electrically non-conductive sleeve, e.g. a ceramic ring, may be disposed between the annular pole surface of the field former and the tubular stud and likewise between the field former and the workpiece for shielding the welding zone. Such a sleeve or ring assists the formation of a weld-ing bead and also serves as an insulating spacer between the field former and the workpiece.
Portions of the apparatus may be designed such that they serve for supplying a protective gas to form a protective gas curtain completely surrounding the welding zone. To this end, the stud holder preferably has at least one through-bore which is connected to a protective gas supply and communi-21~7594 - cates directly with the internal space of the tubular welding stud and/or that of the magnetic field former.
The chuck of the sleeve holder may be formed either as a clamping sleeve of preferably non-magnetic material for en-gaging the outer periphery of the tubular stud or as a peg ofpreferably ferromagnetic material for engaging the bore of the stud.
Brief Description of the Drawing The sole figure of the accompanying drawing shows a schematic sectional view of a stud welding apparatus in ac-cordance with an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description of Pre~erred Embo~im~t~
According to the drawing, the apparatus includes a stud holder 1 of ferromagnetic material. The end of the stud holder 1 facing the workpiece 2 carries the tubular welding stud 4 by means of a chuck 3 that is formed as a holding peg.
Coaxial with the holder 1 is an electrically excitable annular coil 5 which is embedded in a pot-shaped magnetic re-turn-path member 6. One end of the return-path member 6 is magnetically coupled to the stud holder 1 and the other end is magnetically coupled to a field former 7 which is made of ferromagnetic material. The field former 7 and the return-path member 6 together form a magnetic flux guiding portion.
The field former 7 has the shape of a truncated cone and is so positioned that its generatrix points to the welding zone 8. The annular pole face 9 of the field former 7, from which the magnetic flux exits, surrounds the welding zone 8 at a small spacing. An insulating spacer sleeve 11 is dis-posed between the field former 7 and the workpiece 2 to sup-port the apparatus with respect to the workpiece 2 in use.
The coil 5, the magnetic return-path member 6 and the field former 7 are formed as a structural unit which is mounted on the stud welding apparatus by means of two axially adjustable columns 10.
21~759~
~ In operation, welding current is applied between the workpiece 2 and the stud 4 which initially contacts the work-piece. An arc is ignited by lifting the stud off the work-piece surface. The coil 5 is electrically excited at least as long as the arc is on. The magnetic field generated by the coil 5 will pass through the field former 7, the air gap be-tween the pole face 9 at the lower end of the field former 7 and the welding stud 4, the stud, the stud holder 1 and the flux return path member 6. Within the air gap, the magnetic field lines extend in the radial direction so that they cross the welding current path substantially perpendicularly, thereby producing a force that will move the arc circumferen-tially along the annular gap.
The stud holder 1 has an axial through-bore 12 for sup-plying protective gas to the welding zone 8.
In an apparatus of this type, which is known from DE-B-1 565 003, the magnet coil consists of a single or multiple loop through which a current flows which may be the welding current itself. The magnetic field created by this coil ex-tends primarily coaxially with the welding stud and is only little effective to move the arc.
Summary of the Invention It is an object of the invention to provide a welding apparatus which permits the welding of hollow studs safely, strongly and quickly. It is also an object of the invention to make such apparatus compact and simple in structure so that it may be readily mounted on existing stud welding appa-ratus and that it may be used in connection with hand-held stud welding guns as are common at assembly and construction sites.
The meet these objects, a welding apparatus for studs of substantially annular cross-section in accordance with the present invention comprises a stud holder which is movable perpendicularly with respect to a workpiece surface to which the stud is to be welded, means for generating a welding arc within a welding gap defined between the stud and the work-piece surface, an electromagnet coil surrounding the stud holder for generating a magnetic field that acts on the arc, and a magnetic flux guiding portion coupled to the electro-magnet coil and including a frusto-conical field former hav-ing a generatrix which points to the welding gap, an end of the field former having a substantially annular pole surface 21~7594 -surrounding the welding gap for producing a magnetic field component which extends radially of the stud within the weld-ng gap.
The flux guiding portion with its frusto-conical field former enables the generation of a strong magnetic field com-ponent which extends radially within the welding gap and is effective to move the arc. The field former also reduces the possibility for the magnetic field of the magnetic coil to be coupled into the workpiece, which would otherwise weaken this radial magnetic field component.
The frusto-conical shape of the ferromagnetic field for-mer further results in efficient magnetic shielding of the welding zone against external field-distorting influences and results in a compact structure. The apparatus may thus be mounted on hand-held stud welding guns so that it can be flexibly used in mobile assembly applications. Due to the slender shape of the magnetic field former, the apparatus of the invention is suited for welding at locations that are difficult to access.
The coil and the flux guiding portion are preferably formed as a structural unit which is mechanically secured to the stud welding apparatus in an axially adjustable manner.
It can be stably placed on the workpiece by adjustable spac-ers. The stud holder is mechanically connected to a lifting and lowering mechanism of the stud welding apparatus to pro-duce the axial movement of the stud necessary to start the welding arc.
Furthermore, the stud holder is electrically connected to the terminal of a welding current source for supplying the welding arc. The coil is electrically excited at least during the burning phase of the arc.
By means of the apparatus according to the invention, the magnetic flux lines generated when the coil is excited pass pre~omin~ntly and substantially along their entire paths through the magnetically highly conductive material forming the apparatus and the tubular stud. Only in the vicinity of the welding zone, where the flux lines exit from the annular pole face of the field former and penetrate the air gap, the flux lines have a radial field component within the welding gap. After the welding arc has been ignited by lifting the stud off the workpiece surface, this radial field component causes the arc to move in a well-defined manner along the an-nular surface of the tubular stud. The stud welding apparatus of the invention thus permits high quality welding of a tubu-lar stud to a workpiece by a closed annular welding seam.
In the apparatus of the invention, the workpiece itself does not actively take part in the formation of the magnetic field. The apparatus thus ensures substantially constant field conditions for moving the arc even with very differ-ently shaped workpieces.
For easy handling and high reliability of the apparatus according to the invention, it has turned out useful to ar-range the field former in an electrically insulated manner from both the stud and the workpiece. Alternatively, the field former and/or a magnetic return-path element connected to the magnetic field former, may be made of ferromagnetic material exhibiting no or small electrical conductivity, or part or all of the field former may be coated with electri-cally insulating material. !~ , An electrically non-conductive sleeve, e.g. a ceramic ring, may be disposed between the annular pole surface of the field former and the tubular stud and likewise between the field former and the workpiece for shielding the welding zone. Such a sleeve or ring assists the formation of a weld-ing bead and also serves as an insulating spacer between the field former and the workpiece.
Portions of the apparatus may be designed such that they serve for supplying a protective gas to form a protective gas curtain completely surrounding the welding zone. To this end, the stud holder preferably has at least one through-bore which is connected to a protective gas supply and communi-21~7594 - cates directly with the internal space of the tubular welding stud and/or that of the magnetic field former.
The chuck of the sleeve holder may be formed either as a clamping sleeve of preferably non-magnetic material for en-gaging the outer periphery of the tubular stud or as a peg ofpreferably ferromagnetic material for engaging the bore of the stud.
Brief Description of the Drawing The sole figure of the accompanying drawing shows a schematic sectional view of a stud welding apparatus in ac-cordance with an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description of Pre~erred Embo~im~t~
According to the drawing, the apparatus includes a stud holder 1 of ferromagnetic material. The end of the stud holder 1 facing the workpiece 2 carries the tubular welding stud 4 by means of a chuck 3 that is formed as a holding peg.
Coaxial with the holder 1 is an electrically excitable annular coil 5 which is embedded in a pot-shaped magnetic re-turn-path member 6. One end of the return-path member 6 is magnetically coupled to the stud holder 1 and the other end is magnetically coupled to a field former 7 which is made of ferromagnetic material. The field former 7 and the return-path member 6 together form a magnetic flux guiding portion.
The field former 7 has the shape of a truncated cone and is so positioned that its generatrix points to the welding zone 8. The annular pole face 9 of the field former 7, from which the magnetic flux exits, surrounds the welding zone 8 at a small spacing. An insulating spacer sleeve 11 is dis-posed between the field former 7 and the workpiece 2 to sup-port the apparatus with respect to the workpiece 2 in use.
The coil 5, the magnetic return-path member 6 and the field former 7 are formed as a structural unit which is mounted on the stud welding apparatus by means of two axially adjustable columns 10.
21~759~
~ In operation, welding current is applied between the workpiece 2 and the stud 4 which initially contacts the work-piece. An arc is ignited by lifting the stud off the work-piece surface. The coil 5 is electrically excited at least as long as the arc is on. The magnetic field generated by the coil 5 will pass through the field former 7, the air gap be-tween the pole face 9 at the lower end of the field former 7 and the welding stud 4, the stud, the stud holder 1 and the flux return path member 6. Within the air gap, the magnetic field lines extend in the radial direction so that they cross the welding current path substantially perpendicularly, thereby producing a force that will move the arc circumferen-tially along the annular gap.
The stud holder 1 has an axial through-bore 12 for sup-plying protective gas to the welding zone 8.
Claims (10)
1. A welding apparatus for studs of substantially annular cross-section, comprising a stud holder which is movable perpendicularly with re-spect to a workpiece surface to which the stud is to be welded, means for generating a welding arc within a welding gap defined between the stud and the workpiece surface, an electromagnet coil surrounding the stud holder for generating a magnetic field that acts on the arc, and a magnetic flux guiding portion coupled to the electro-magnet coil and including a frusto-conical field former hav-ing a generatrix which points to the welding gap, an end of the field former having a substantially annular pole surface surrounding the welding gap for producing a magnetic field component which extends radially of the stud within the weld-ing gap.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the flux guiding por-tion includes a magnetic return-path member which extends coaxially with the stud-holder, encloses the electromagnet coil, and at its end facing the workpiece carries the frusto-conical field former.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the tip of the frusto-conical field former carries a spacer which surrounds the stud for maintaining a spacing between the field former and the workpiece surface.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the flux guiding por-tion is made of ferromagnetic material of low electrical con-ductivity.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the flux guiding por-tion is coated with electrically insulating material.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the stud holder has a through-bore for supplying a protective gas to the welding gap.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the through-bore leads into the internal space of the flux guiding portion, prefer-ably inside the tubular stud.
8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the stud holder in-cludes a clamping sleeve of preferably non-magnetic material for chucking the stud.
9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the stud holder in-cludes a clamping peg of preferably ferromagnetic material for chucking the stud.
10. The apparatus on claim 1, wherein the electromagnet coil and the flux guiding portion are formed as a structural unit adapted to be mounted on the stud welding apparatus by means in an axially adjustable manner.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP4400957.7 | 1994-01-14 | ||
| DE4400957A DE4400957C1 (en) | 1994-01-14 | 1994-01-14 | Welding device for studs of annular cross-section |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2137594A1 true CA2137594A1 (en) | 1995-07-15 |
Family
ID=6507939
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002137594A Abandoned CA2137594A1 (en) | 1994-01-14 | 1994-12-08 | Welding apparatus for studs of annular cross-section |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0663259B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3574200B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE154270T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2137594A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4400957C1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19508380B4 (en) * | 1995-03-11 | 2004-04-01 | Bolzenschweißtechnik Heinz Soyer GmbH | Device for fastening bolt-like elements |
| DE19512094B4 (en) * | 1995-04-03 | 2004-04-29 | Bolzenschweißtechnik Heinz Soyer GmbH | Device for arc welding by means of drawn arc ignition of tubular or similarly shaped hollow bodies |
| JP3376159B2 (en) * | 1995-04-13 | 2003-02-10 | ポップリベット・ファスナー株式会社 | Stud welding equipment |
| DE19713344C1 (en) * | 1995-12-07 | 1998-04-23 | Deutsche Waggonbau Ag | Device for electric arc stud-welding with protective gas |
| DE29602112U1 (en) * | 1996-02-07 | 1997-06-05 | HBS Heberle Bolzenschweiß-Systeme GmbH & Co KG, 85221 Dachau | Welding system with alignment and centering device |
| DE29602114U1 (en) * | 1996-02-07 | 1997-06-05 | HBS Heberle Bolzenschweiß-Systeme GmbH & Co KG, 85221 Dachau | Welding system with adjustment devices for lifting and contact pressure of the components |
| DE29905259U1 (en) * | 1999-03-22 | 1999-06-10 | Emhart Inc., Newark, Del. | Welding device with a field former |
| DE10109367C1 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2002-10-10 | Hbs Bolzenschweissysteme Gmbh | Welding device for sleeves |
| DE10143220C1 (en) * | 2001-09-04 | 2003-01-30 | Heinz Soyer Bolzenschweistechn | Bolt welding method with magnetic light arc rotation using electromagnet on opposite side of carrier to workpiece welding point |
| DE10221387C1 (en) * | 2002-05-14 | 2003-07-10 | Heinz Soyer Bolzenschweistechn | Stud welding process with rotary arc uses offset coil to generate uniform magnetic field in welding location |
| DE10253415A1 (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2004-05-27 | Newfrey Llc, Newark | Arc welding device, method for welding sheet metal to metal counterparts, and welding element |
| KR20040044756A (en) * | 2002-11-22 | 2004-05-31 | 케이알정밀 주식회사 | Air cooling type torch using magnetic force |
| BE1017908A3 (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2009-11-03 | Cewac Asbl | Electric arc welding device for e.g. solid rod, on steel piece, has conical wall whose circular opening permits passage of tubular post to be welded on steel piece, and electrically insulating coaxial sleeve arranged between core and ring |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB645903A (en) * | 1947-04-29 | 1950-11-08 | English Electric Co Ltd | Electric stud welding apparatus |
| DD101307A1 (en) * | 1972-12-20 | 1973-11-12 | ||
| DD102323A1 (en) * | 1973-03-02 | 1973-12-12 | ||
| US4531042A (en) * | 1983-10-17 | 1985-07-23 | Trw Inc. | Large diameter stud and method and apparatus for welding same |
| DE3631598A1 (en) * | 1986-09-17 | 1988-03-24 | Fendt & Co Xaver | Welding gun |
| DE3828459A1 (en) * | 1988-08-22 | 1990-03-08 | Deggendorfer Werft Eisenbau | Arc butt-welding process with lift striking and apparatus for carrying out the method |
| FR2684909B3 (en) * | 1991-12-12 | 1994-06-03 | C2G Soudage Innovation | NOZZLE WITH INTERNAL PROTECTION FOR WELDING STUDS AND THE LIKE. |
-
1994
- 1994-01-14 DE DE4400957A patent/DE4400957C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-11-14 DE DE59403110T patent/DE59403110D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-11-14 EP EP94117958A patent/EP0663259B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-11-14 AT AT94117958T patent/ATE154270T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-12-08 CA CA002137594A patent/CA2137594A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
1995
- 1995-01-10 JP JP00184995A patent/JP3574200B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4400957C1 (en) | 1995-03-30 |
| JPH07251270A (en) | 1995-10-03 |
| JP3574200B2 (en) | 2004-10-06 |
| EP0663259A1 (en) | 1995-07-19 |
| ATE154270T1 (en) | 1997-06-15 |
| EP0663259B1 (en) | 1997-06-11 |
| DE59403110D1 (en) | 1997-07-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |