CA2135641A1 - Viscosity-adjusted surfactant concentrate compositions - Google Patents

Abstract

A stable, pumpable, flowable and pourable surfactant concentrate, and a method of preparation thereof, said concentrate consisting essentially of (a) at least one anionic or amphoteric surfactant, (b) at least one alkylpolyglycoside surfactant, (c) a viscosity-adjusting agent selected from the group consisting of inorganic and organic electrolytes and (d) water. The concentrate is economically shippable and easily handleable by the formulator for dilution with water, without gelation difficulties, for a variety of end-use applications with adjuvants usually associated with the desired end-use.

Description

_ _ 93/25650 - 21~JC~Y1 P~ S93/65429 . ~ ~
VISCOSI~TY-A:DJUSTED SURFACTANT CONCENTRXTE COMPOSITIONS

~his application is a continuation-in-part -: application:of U.~S. Serial No. 07/644,470 :filed January ~18~, 19:91 (;Attorney Docket M 4794A): which is in : turn~a continuation application of U.S.~Serial No.
~ 07/406,~g92~filed:~September 14, 1989 ~Attorney Docket M~4794)~, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by raference.~ Serial No. 07/406,992 was filed;as ~;
International:Application No. PCT/US90/04989 on `August~31,~ 1990, ànd~published~as International 10 :~Ptiblication No~.`WO91/04313 on April 4, 1991.
ACXGROUND~OF THE~TNVE~TION ~ `
Field of the Invention ~i The inventioh herein relates to a viscosity-adjusted surfactant concentrate oomposition, particularly to a 3 : flowable, pumpable, stable surfactant concentrate consisting essent~ally~of a mixture of an alkylpolygly-,;, ~ : :
: coside surfactant, an anionic or amphoteric surfactant SUBSTITUTE SHEET

W O 93/25650 ~ 1 3 5 6 ~ PC~r/US93/05429 .~
~~ 2 and an effective amount of a viscosity-adjusting agent.
As indicated in U.S. Serial No. 07/406,992 noted above, anionic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants are known materials. In a manufacturing or shipping operation it is desirable in handling the surfactants r that they be flowable, pumpable and stable at a viscosity to-avoid difficulty in processing or shipping the compositions. However, at high concentrations of the anionic or amphoteric surfactants (above 25, and higher, 30 or~40% to about 8~% concentrations by weight in water) .
- - the viscosity rapidly increases and forms gels.
Accordingly, it has been necessary to provide low viscosities for processing and shipping that the so1utions~of the~anionio or amphoteric surfactant be very - ~ 1s~ dilute;~or~have added~thereto, agents which reduce the viscosity.~ Very dilute solutions are objectionable and undesirable from a s~ipping standpoint, as a large amount of~water~results in high~freight and shippi~ng costs which must be borne~by the customer.
lo~ 1t~is~acoord$ng1y~important and~desirable that a means be~;provided~for preparing highly~concentrated compositions in water of~anionic or amphoteric surfactants which~are flowable, pumpable, pourable and ~i ~stable on storage, Statement of Related Art Alcohols, such as ethanol, have been employed in attempts to roduce the viscosity. Nowever, alcohols introduce a flammabi}ity prob~}em requiring additional ,~
~ :~: SUBSTITUTE SHEET

:- W093/25650 - 21~ S ~ ~ 1 PCT/US93/05429 precautions and care in handling.
United States Patent 4,488,981 discloses that the addition of alkyl mono and polyglucosides having alkyl groups with six (6) carbon atoms or less in the alkyl s group, to aqueous liquid detergents mixtures of anionic or anionic and nonionic surfactants in water reduces the viscosity of the mixture. The patent discloses in Table III, that highly viscous, unpourable gels are obtained in water with no additive and also illustrates o the use of ethyl alcohol to provide a highly fluid, - easily pourable detergent. With a higher alkyl (8 to 20 carbon) polyglycoside the mass remains a highly viscous, unpourable mass. The anionic surfactants include the sulfates, sulfonates, carboxylates and phosphates, while - .
the nonionic surfactants are the ethoxylated alcohols, phenols, carboxylic esters or amides.
-It is also known that the addition of alkylpolyglycosides to a phosphate-built aqueous crutcher . .
slu~ry can reduce the viscosity of the slurry (U.S.
4,675,127). United~States Patent Application Serial No.
07/260,646~discloses that the addition~of an alkylpolyglycoside~and an alkali metal chloride to a carbonate containing crutcher slurry, reduces the , viscosity of the slurry. A crutcher slurry is a mixture containing minor amounts of surfactant materials and -~ large amounts of detergent builders and fillers. Thus, a crutcher slurry is not a concentrate consisting essentially of surfactants, but rather a slurry of ~ !

, SUBSTITUTE SHEET

Wo93/25650 2 1 3 5 6 9 ~ PCT/~S93/0s429 ;

particulate material eomprising anionic surf actants, builders, fillers and other solid materials which are used in detergent formulations.
On the other hand, U.S. Patent 4,732,696 deseribes 5 that the addition of an alkyl glycoside and ammonium ehloride to an aqueous liquid detergent formulation can increase the viseosity of the formulation. U.S. Patent Applieation Serial No. 07/353,723 discloses that the addition of an alkylpolyglycoside and an alkali metal 0 chloride within a eritieal range inereases the viscosity - of eértain liquid sulfosuecinate detergent compositions.
Another patent describing an inerease in viscosity is U.S. Patent 4,668,422. The patent deals with liquid hand-soap or bubble bath compositions and illustrates the viseosifying effeet (viscosity inereaSe) of the addition ~ of a small a ount of ammonium ehloride to a mixture - eontaining an alkylpolyglycoside, a betaine, and a fatty - -- :
~ amine oxide or ~atty amide in a eomposition whieh -! r;
~eontains a water eontent preferably from about 70 to ~ 2D : about 95% vith a total solids or non-volatile eontent of -~ about 5 to about 30, preferably l0 to 20%.

U.S. Patent 4,839,098, discloses a liquid dishwashing detergent eonsisting essentially of a dialkyl -~

~, - sulfosueeinate and an alkyl glucoside. Viscosity regulators are mentioned generally whieh inelude urea, . ,:.
sodium ehloride, ammonium ehloride, magnesium ehloride and sodium eitrate, without diseussion of the effeet thereof. Eaeh of the examples inelud- a substantial SUBSTITUTE SHEET

W093/2~650 2 1 3 5 fi ~ 1 PCT/USg3/05429 .
.

amount of an alcohol, such as isopropanol or ethanol, which as noted earlier, has been used to reduce viscosity U S Patent 3,9s4,679 describes the use of water-soluble inorganic salts, such as~sodium chloride, for ~; viscosity reduction of an alpha-olefin sulfonate detergent composition At column 13, lines 40-45, the liquid detergents are made thinning the crutcher mix further with;an~aqueous~alcoholic medium (equal~parts of 0~ ethanol~ànd water)~and further including a hydrotrope ~ such~as~sodium = e sulfonate In Example 3 a variety of materials are discussed to be used instead of the halide~salt~, s~ome of whic~ increase and some of which decrease~the viscos~ity~or~have little~effeot on the 15~ ~ gelation~or~viscosity characteristios~
ln view~of~the~foregoing, the~a~rt-described above shows~that~the~addition~Qf~materials, such as sodium chloride,~ s unp edictab~le ;In ome cases, dependent on the specific~surfaotants, end-use applications, other ';20~ materials~r ~ ired,~and~the 1ike,;the~material is used to increas- the~viscosi~ty~and~in other circumstances to decsea~e~the~;~Yisco ity Detailed~escri~tion of the invention j~
' Other than in~the operating examples, or where 25 ~ ~otherwise~indicated, all~numbers expressing quantities of ingredients~or reaction conditions used herein are to be understood as modified in ali instance- by the term about " ~ ~
.

-~" ,:,: ~

~ ~ SUBSTITUTE SHEET

"~

w093~25650 ~13 à ~ 4 1 ~ PCT/US93/05429 It has now been discovered that highly concentrated surfactant compositions may be prepared by mixing an anionic or amphoteric surfactant and an alkylpolyglycoside surfactant with an effective amount of s a viscosity-adjustment agent to provide an aqueous surfactant concentrate having a viscosity to provide a flowable, pourable, pumpable and storage stable composition.
By "concentrate" as used herein is meant a ;~ lo composition in which the total concentration of active ~ surfactant (anionic, amphoteric and alkylpolyglycoside) is from about 30% to about 90% by weight, more desirably ~-from about 40 to about 85%, and preferably about 45 to about~80%~ by weight. ~ ~
15 ~ ;As~the viscous, paste-like mixture or gel forms when anionic~or~amphoteric surfactants are present at - ~ :
- concentrations of about 30% by weight and higher, the anionic or amphoteric surfactant will comprise~about 30%
;or more of the~surfactant in the composition, with the ~- ~ 20 ~ alkylpolyglycoside surfactant comprising the remainder of the~total~concentration of~surfactant in the composition. - i - In~the~parent applications~(U.S. Serial Nos.
. ~ :
07/644,470 and 07/406,992) from which the present application is derived, the alkylpolyglycoside was 2s employed, in combination with an alkali metal chloride to reduce the viscosity of the anionic or amphoteric ,; ~

-~ surfactant composition, in an amount from about 0.1 to about 10% by weight of the total composition of anionic ~ SUBSTITUTE SHEET
, W O 93/25650 ~ ~ 1 3 ~ 6 4 ~ Pc~r/US93/05429 or amphoteric surfactant, water, and the -alkylpolyglycoside metal chloride mixtures In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the alkylpolyglycoside surfactant is preferably present ' in higher amounts than in ehe parent application noted above, and may comprise up to about 70 of the total active surfactant composition The ratio by weight of .:
alkylpolyglycoside to anionic or amphoteric surfactant present will preferably be on the order of about 3 1 to lo about~1 l0 Most preferred embodiments of the invention - - contain a ratio of polyglycoside to anionic or amphoteric .. :, surfactant of about l l to about l S l ,--The amount of viscosity-adjusting agent employed -~wi~ll be det-rmined by the nature of the surfactants, nature~of the viscosity-adjusting agent, and the viscosity whioh is desired or required, with ~mounts as ; low~as~about 0 1%~by weight being effective in some cases with up to~about lOS by w ight of the total composition being necessary;in others~ P~referably from about O S to 0 ~ about ~ and ~ost preferably fro~ about 0 7S to about 3 `~

As~the;resulting concentrate~has a high surfactant concentration, the~a~ount of~water therein is small , resulting~in lower freight and shipping costs to the customer Since thé concentrate is flowable and i ~ pourable, the cu8tomer, generally a formulator, can ;~ ~ easily formulate the product for various end-use applications by merely dilutinq the concentrate to the .. ~: ,,;

, , .:
, ................................................................................ ..
SUBSTITUTE SHEEl~

2 1 3`.~ ~ ~ 1 PCT/US93/05~29 desired level and adding the adjuvants usually employed for the particular end-use f~rmulation. Since the concentrate need not contain any alcohol, particularly flammable alcohols, such as the lower alkanols tl-4 s - carbons), the customer need not take extraordinary ~-precautions. In the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the concentrate is accordingly completely free of any monohydric alcohol, such as the lower alkanols;
however, small amounts of monohydric alcohols may be o present. Further, in another preferred embodiment, ~ dihydric alcohols, such a~s the glycols, particularly polyethylene glycol, may be present to aid in clarity, as well as some viscosity adjustment.
.
The anionlc surfactants :which are employed in a s large number of end-use applications, ar- generally highly irritative to the skin. However, the alkylpolyglycoside surfactants present in the concentrate, particularly when employed in large amounts, i.e. abovo 10%, and preferably above about 25 or 30% of ~ the active surfàctant in the concentrate, renders the ; formulated~products no longer highly irritative to the :~ ~ skin, and;accordingly the concentrate finds special utility for formulation into cosmetic, particularly , . .
personal skin care products and applications, where mild or non-irritative properties are desirable, such as ~ " ~
shampoos, foam baths, hand soaps, hair conditioners, ~`

facial cleansers and the like~ Thus, the concentrates of -: :
~ the present invention offer formulation ease with the ' ~ I
: :
SUBSTITUTE SHEET

W O 93/25650 - ~ 1 3 5 6 ~ 1 PC~r/US93/05429 .. `` :
g good properties of the anionic and~or amphoteric surfactant and further offering mildneæs to skin and eyes - The anionic surfactants include any of the surfactants commonly classified as anionic surfactants These surfactants include the alkali metal, ammonium and magnesium salts of~the alpha olefin sulfonates, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, alkyl aryl ether ~-~ sulf`ates, alkyl sulfates, a}kyl ether sulfates, sulfated o alcohols~and sulfated alcohol ethoxylates, taurates, petroleum~sulfonates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, alkyl sarcosinates and the alkyl sulfosuccinates in which the alkyl group~is a long~ohain 8 to 22, preferably 10-18, carbon~atom~group~and~the aryI group is preferably phenyl ~or~naphthyl~ ypical surfactants which fall within the above desGriptlon~include~sodium~lauryl sulfonate, ammonium~lauryl sulfonate,~ammonium lauryl sulfate, ;dodecyl~benzen~ sul~fonate,~sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth~sulfate,;~sodium lauryl~ether;~sulfate, sodium '-~ 20~ 1àuryl~-~myr;istyl sulrate,~diethanolàmine lauryl sulfate, ammonium~salts of;sulfated~alcohol ethoxylates, sodium coc~yl~isethionate, sodium N-mèthyl-N-oleyl taurate, sodium N-methyl-N-cocoyl tàurate, tri-thanolamine lauryl sulfate, disodium monooleamide PEG-2 su}fosuccinate, 25~ ~ petro}eum sulfonates sodium salt, alkyl naphthalene sodium sulfonates, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, and sodium alkyl sulfosuccinate The amphoteric surfactants include the betaines, the ' .

~: ~ `
S UE~STITIJT F .~ u ~ c .

W093/256SO ~ PCT/~Sg3/05429 2 1 3 5 6 ~

sultaines, the imidazoline derivatives and the like.
Typieal amphoteric surfactants include ~ ¦
rieinoleamidopropyl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine, ¦
oleyl betaine, stearyl betaine, stearyl amphocarboxy ~ 5 glyeinate, sodium lauraminopropionate, cocoamidopropyl 1-- ~ hydroxy sultaine, disodium lauryliminodipropionate, tallowiminodipropionate, coeoampho- carboxy glyeinate, coeoimidazoline earboxyIate, lauric imidazoline monoearboxylate, lauric imidazoline dicarboxylate, lauric myristic betaine, eocoamidosulfobetaine, alkylamidophospho betaine and the like.
The aliphatic polyglyeosides (alkylpolyglycosides) are k~nown eompositions and can be prepared by the method diselosed in U.S. 4,713,447, which~is~ineorporated herein ~by referenee. In co~monly assigned, U.9.; application Se~rial~No.~07~774,430,;fi1ed~0etober 10, 1991, also ine~orporated herein~by reference, there is described a number~of U.S~.~patents and published European patent applieations~deseribing tXe pr-paration of 2a ~ alkylpo1yglyeosides~and their end-use app1ications. In general,~these~deserib- a method~of preparation eomprising~th ~r aetion~of a~r dueing saecharide, e.g., an aldose or ketose saecharide, or~source thereof, with a long ehain (8-18 earbons) alcohol in the presence of an ~ acid eatalyst to form a glycoside, commonly referred to , ~
as an~alky1~glyeoside or alkylpo1yglyeaside. After `~
removal of th-~residual unreàeted~a}eohol, the produet - typieally eontains the monoglycoside of the long chain :: SUBSTITUTE SHEET
- .

W093/25650 213 ? fi l1 i PCT/US93/05429 -11 ' alcohol as the predominant glycoside molecular species on a mole percentage basis and the various higher degree of polymerization (DP) long chain alcohol polyglycoside species in progressively decreasing mole percentage 5 amounts or proportions principally from DP2 through DP10 glycosides.
In commercial practice, depending on process economics and the properties of the desired alkylpolyglycoside product, a variety of fatty alcohol reactants may be selected for the reaction. These - ~ alcohols include mono alcohols, i.e., those having primarily a single alkyl chain, binary alcohol mixtures, !A
i.e., having primarily two different alkyl chains of different carbon chain lengths,~and even ternary ~1S mixtures. Binary mixtures of alcohols are available , :
~ co ercially from natural sources as well as synthetic ;~ techniques and are employed commercially for the production of~the corresponding mixtures of alkylpolyglycos~ides. Especially important binary alcohol mixtur-s~include the C8-clo ~ C10-C~2 ~ C12-C14 ~ and C~6-C18 where~the alkyl groups are derived from naturally - occurring fats and oils. Important ternary mixtures '~
include the Cl2-C14-Cl6 or Cl0-Cl2-Cl~ alcohols. ~he oxo alcohol te¢hnology is also employed which provides 2s mixturés containing an odd number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, for example an oxo alcohol composed of a mixture of Cg, Cl0 and Cll alcohols or C12 and Cl3 as well.
Other synthetic alcohols may be provided by Ziegler ~~

r ~ SUBSTITUTE SHEET

W093/2~6s0 PCT/US93/05429 æl3~

Chemistry in which ethylene is added to a triethylaluminum, which is then oxidized to an alkoxide, which is subsequently converted tota mixture of linear alcohols The aliphatic polyglycoside surfactants useful in the practice of the present invention are nonionic surfaotants of the formula RO(RlO)~G, wherein R, the residue of the alcohol, is an alkyl or alkenyl group ~having~from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms and~
o ~pref-rably;from about~lO~to 18 carbon atoms ~The aliphatic group can~be alkyl or alkenyl but is preferably unbranched alkyl As used in the present invention, the phrase alkylpolyglycoside is intend-d to encompass both thé~alkyl~and~alkenyl~polyglycosides~ ~ Rl~is an alkyl s~ group~h ~ ~Z~or 3 carbon at s,~m is a number from 0 to 10 and~pr~e ~ ly 0 ~ Wh-n m is 0,~the formula for the ~glycoside~product of~the~reaction o~ an al¢ohol and ~
saccharide~is~then~represent-d by the formula ROGr~ where R is~-as~defined above, Q~is oxygen,~G is the residue of a 20 ~redu¢ing saccharide~and r~is~the~average~degree of polymerization~of the~sa¢charide~(DP);resulting from the ~ ;various~mono,~di~ tri~ and~higher glycoside fractions - ~ present in~the product and i9~typically greater~than 1, i~ i e , from about 1 05, to about 3 The monoglycoside ~2s ~ ~frwtion~would have one saccharide ring, the diglycoside would~bav 2,~ the triglycoside would hav- 3 witb the high-r glycoside having corresponding more rings, the av-rage of which in the~product therefore being typica}ly ~ 2 : ~ SUBSTITUTE SHEET

W093/25650 ~ 213: S~1~ PCT/US93/05429 greater than about 1, generally in the order of about 1.2 to about 2.8, with preferred mixtures at about 1.4 to about 2.5.
The alkylpolyglycoside products represented by the formula above contain a lipophilic group, the R group, and a hydrophilic group, the OG~ group. For detergent surfactant end-use applications, the product preferably has a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (NLB) of from about 10 to about 16, most preferably about 11 to about 14.
lo The lipophilic R groups in the alkylpolyglycosidès - are accordingly de~rived from alcohols, preferably monohydric, which should contain from about 6 to about 20, preferably about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, to provide~lR~groups~of suf~ficient length for detergent ~surfactant use~applications. While the preferred R
:` :
group8~ar ~saturated, aliphatic or alkyl groups, the~e - may~be~p #sent some unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group~ Thus, the;~preferred groups are~derived~from the fatty alcohols derived from~naturàlly~oocurring fat and ;~ 20 ~ oils, such~as octyl;, de¢yl,~dodeayl,~tetradecyl, ;hexadecyl,~oct~decyl, oleyl and linoleyl, but R groups may~be~derived from~;synthetically-produced Ziegler ~` alcohols~or oxo alcohQls~containing 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,1 or 15 carbon atoms. The alcohols of naturally ~,~
25 ; occurring fatty acids typically contain an even number of oarbon atoms and mixtures of alcohols are commercially r available such as mlxtures of C8 and Cio, Cl2 and Cl~, and the~like. Synthetically-produced alcohols, for example .
SlJ8STlTUTE SHEET

W O 93/256~0 - P(~r/US93/05429213564:~ ;

those produced by an oxo process, contain both an even and an odd number of carbon atoms such as the Cg, C10, C
mixtures of which are also available commercially , The alkylpolyglycosides may contain a single R group s derived from an individual single alcohol, or may be derived from commercially available mixtures of alcohols, either naturally occurring or synthetically produced alcohols, to provide a binary or ternary mixture having 2 :
or more differing alkyl groups Mixtures of individual ~10 single alkylpolyglycosides may be mixed to provide binary - or ternary mixtures to result in an av rage carbon chain length of the alkyl moiety for a desired HLB for a desired end-use application Similarly mixtures of co -ercia~lly available binary or ternary 15~ alkylpolyglycosid~e~mixtures may be further mixed to reach a~predétermin-d~desired average carbon chain l-ngth of the~alXyl;~moiety Thus, in addition to mixtur-s of ingl-~alkyl group~polyglycosides, -ixtures of binary compo ents such as a C8Cl0~alkylpolyglycoside may be mixed ~i 20~ with~another~binary mixture component, such as~a C12C14 or a t-rnâry miYture, such~as a~ C12Cl~C16 polyglycoside, or a ~ CgCloCIl polyglycoside~
- In one preferred embodiment of the present invention,lmixtures of 2 or more of at least binary components of alkylpolyglycosides, provide particularly ~desirable concentrate compositions with anionic or amphoteric surfactants - ~ The saccharides useful for preparing the aliphatic . :~
'.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET

W093~2~650 ~ PCT/US93/05429 2 13 ~

polyglycoside used in the practice of the present invention, are reducing monosaccharides or materials which can form reducing monosaccharides during the process for preparing the polyglycoside composition. The reducing'saccharides include hexoses and pentoses.
Typical examples of monosaccharides includes glucose, -~ mannose, galactose, f Nctose, gulose, talose, altrose, allose, idose, arabinose, xylose, ribose, lyxose and the like, as well as materials which are hydrolyzable to form lo monosaccharides, such as lower alkyl glycosides (e.g., - methyl glycooide, ethyl glycoside, propyl glycoside, butyl glycoside, etc.), oligosaccharides (e.g., sucrose, ~maltose,~maltotriose, lactose, sylobiose, malibiose, c-llobiose,~raffinose, stachyose, etc~.) and 15 ~ p~olysaccharides~such as starch. More for reasons of its }ow cost~and ready-availability, glucosè is a preferred saccharide~
The~viscosity-adjusting agents employed in the concentrates Qf the present invèntion, generally are 20~ inorganic~0r~0rganie~electrolytes.~;~0ptionally,~a polyethylene~glycol~may~be~employed;in~combination with ;~
the~inorganic~or organic~electrolyte as a co-visco-ity- i adjusting~agent. The polyethylene gIycol, in~addition to ~functioning as a viscosity-adjusting agent, serves to improve clarity of the concentrate. The inorganic ' electrolytes include the alkali metal chloride or sulfate salts, such as lithium, pota--ium or;sodium, and the a}kaline earth metal salts such as magnesium chloride.
::

SUBSTITUTE SHEET

WOg3/256~0 PCT/US93/05429 213~6~1 16 i-, The preferred organic electrolytes are carboxylate salts of the alkali metals above, however, the carboxylic acids ,-themselves may be employed. The acids may be monocarboxylic, dicarboxylic or tricarboxylic acids. The s preferred sa}ts are the sodium and potassium salts. The carboxylic acids preferred are those containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms which may be substituted with hydroxyl groups. The carboxylates which may be employed include the monocarboxylates formate, acetate, o propionate, butyrate, and hydroxy substituted .
- monocarboxylate, such as lactate and gluconate; the dicarboxylates such as the succinates and the tricarboxylates such as the citrate. These acids may generally be represented by the formula R (COOH)x ~-- ~

where Rl is H or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, preferably~alkyl, which may be unsubstituted or hydroxy 20~1 ;substituted,~and x is a whole integer from 1 to 3, and the total nu~ber of carbon~atoms in the carboxylate may - i be up to about 18. ~ ¦
, ~
The preferred inorganic electrolytes for use in the present invention are sodium or potassium chloride, and 2s the preferred organic carboxylate electrolytes are sodium or potassium acetate, lactate, citrate, succinate or gluconate. In the preferred concentrate composition, a polyethylene glycol wi}l be employed along with the .

SUBSTITUTE SHEET
~ , w093/256So - PCT/US93/OS429 `` 21~5~fll electrolyte to provide clarity as well as further viscosity adjustment.
The concentrate composition of the present invention reguires a small but effective amount of the viscosity-adjusting agent. Generally, the viscosity-adjusting S
agent is present from about 0.1 to about 10% by weight, preferably in the range of from about 0.5 to about 5% by weight and most preferably in the range of from about 0.75% to about 3.0% or 4% by weight of the composition.
`~ lo The amount of the viscosity-adjusting agent included in - the composition is dependent upon the particular surfactant and the amount of viscosity adjustment required. Generally, it is preferred to keep the amount of viscosity-ad~usting agent~in the concentrate as low as ~- 15~ possible so that the non-surfactant;materials in the ooncentrate composition is maintained at a low level. -~
Hovever,~if~the~viscoslty-adjusting agent is not ; obj-ctionable in the subs-quent use of the concentrate, any amount which~aides in the viscosity adjustment, - 20 ~ particularly viscosity;~reduction,~ suitable. At higher levels,~vi-co-ity-adi~u-ting agents, uch as the alkali ~eOal chlorides~are~known to increa-e the vi-cosity of some surfactant mixt~ures.

.
, The concentrate composition of the present invention consist- e-sentially of the anionic or amphoteric surfactant, the alkyl polyglycoside, the viscosity-ad~u-ting~agent and water. The pres-nt invention is not intended to be a viscosity-reducing agent for a crutcher : .
~. , s ~ ~: SUBSmUTE SHEET

W O 93/256S0 , PC~r/US~3/05429 21~5~ 18 slurry as such, since the product consists essentially of the surfactant, the alkyl polyglycoside, some water and the viscosity-adjusting agent. The active surfactant content (alkylpolyglycoside and anionic or amphoteric surfactant) of the concentrate is from about 30% to about 90% by weight, preferably about 40 to about 85% and most preferably about 45 to about 80% by weight. The anionic or amphoteric surfactant will comprise about 30% or more of the surfactant in the concentrate with the o alkylpolyglycoside comprising the remainder, up to about - 70% of the surfactant in the concentrate. Preferably the ratio by weight of the alkylpolyglycoside to anionic or amphoteric surfactant present will preferably be in the ~rsnge of about~3:1 to about l:lO, and most preferably ~ about 1:1 to about 1.5:1.
; The~following examples serve to illustrate, but not limit,~the~im ention. All parts and percentages are by weight unl-ss otherwise noted. In the first four ~ examples, taken from the parent application from which ~ 20 ~ this~application is derived, a composition was prepared ¢ontaining~the~surfactant and water. A second composition vas prepared containing the surfactant, and a , : :
viscosity-reducing amount of the alkylpolyglycoside and the alkali metal chloride and water. The viscosities of the various mixtures were~measured at 25-C with a ~ ~;
Brookfield viscosimeter using a No. 4 spindle at 10 RPM.

' .

SUE3SrlTUTE SHEET

.~ W093/256S0 PCT/US93/05429 - - 2 1 ~

A composition was prepared containing 43% by weight of a sodium salt of an alpha olefin sulfonate wherein the alpha olefin contained from 14 to 16 carbon atoms. An aqueous mixture of the alpha olefin sulfonate was ~-~
prepared by mixing 56.8 grams of the surfactant (88%
active material) and 58.2 grams of water. The mixture had a visc06ity above 50,000 CPS.
A mixture was prepared by mixing 56.8 grams of the surfactant as above, 58.2 grams of water, 2.0 grams of a 50% by weight aqueous colution of APG 500 (an alkylpolyglucoside with an alkyl group having 12-13 carbon and a degree of polymerization (DP) of 1.4) and .
2.5 grams of sodium chloride. The viscosity of the ~ixture was l4,000 CPS.

. ~ .

A mixture was prepared containing 38% of a sodium salt of a 12-13 carbon alkyl ether sulfate containing 2 .. ~ , moles of ethylene oxide. The mixture was prepared by ~miYing 81. 6 grams of a 47% active solution of the alkyl . ~ .
ether sulfate with 18.4 gramæ of water. The viscosity of the mixture was greater than 50,000 CPS.
A mixture waæ prepared by mixing 81.6 grams of a 47%

active solution of the alkyl ether æulfate used above, ~- 18.4 grams of water, 2 grams of a 50% by weight aqueous ' -~ solution of APG~ 500 and 2.5 grams of sodium chloride.
The viscosity of the mixture was 4,840 CPS.

~: ' ,~ , SUBSTITUTE SHEET
-::

'~ ~ 3 a ~; 4 1 EXAMP~,~
An aqueous mixture was prepared containing 43% by weight of sodium lauryl sulfate. The mixture was prepared by mixing 89.3 grams of an aqueous mixture s containing 56% by weight of lauryl suifate with 25.2 grams of water. The mixture had a viscosity greater than 50, ooO CPS.
A second mixture was prepared by mixing 89.3 grams of the aqueous lauryl sulfate mixture having 56% by o weight of lauryl sulfate with 25.2 grams of water, 2 - grams of a 50% by weight aqueous solution of APG 500 and 2.5 grams of sodium chloride. The viscosity of the mixture was 16,-100 CPS.

, ' ~

A mixture was prepared containing 63% by weight of - ,- . ~
the sodium~salt of 12-13 car:on a}kyl ether sulfate containing 3~ les of E0. The viscosity of the mixture was greater than 50,000 CPS.
~ A second mixture was prepared containing 100 grams of a 63% by weight solution of the sodium salt of the 12-13 carbon alkyl~ether sulfate used above, 2 grams of a 50$ by weight aqueous solution of APG~ 500 and 2.5 grams of sodium chloride. The viscosity of the mixture was 2,400 CPS.

EXAMP~E 5 This example illustrates the use of viscosity- 1 , SIJBSTITUTE S~tEET

W093/2565~ ~1 3~ ii PCT/US93/05429 adjusting agents, other than alkali metal chlorides, such as sodium chloride employed with small amounts of an alkylpolyglycoside for reduction of the viscosity of an anionic surfactant, sodium lauryl sulfate. The.
s composition consisted essentially of 80 grams of sodium lauryl sulfate (Witco 1260), 2.5 grams of APG 225 (S0%
active) and 2.5 grams of viscosity-adjusting agent. The results can be seen below:
ComDositionViscositv ~CPS) lo Sulfate alone 1630 - Sulfate ~ APG 1380 Sulfate + APG +
(a) sodium citrate 888 (b) potassium acetate53 (c) carboxymethyl oxysuccinate 654 - : In the examples to follow, the following materials : are employed: .
APG-~Surfactant 225 - an alkylpolyglycoside in which thé alkyl group contains 8 and 10 carbons from a mixture of mixed C9 and C10 alkanols, in which the ,~ :
~ : alkyl chain by weight % contains 45% C8 and 55% C10, , ~
and having an averaqe DP of 1.6, an average .i lipophile chain (alkyl group), i.e., R equal to 9.1 and an HLB of 13.6.

2. APG- Surfactant 200 - an alkylpolyglycoside ~- ~ substantially the same as APG 225 noted above in which the alkyl chain by weight contains 45% Ca and ~ SUBSTITUTE SHEET

W093~256~0 - PCT/US93/05429 ; ~
,, . ~

3~ 6 ~ 1 22 55% ClO but having an'average DP of 1.4.
3. APG~ Surfactant 625 - an alkyl polyglycoside in whieh the alkyl groups are a mixture of C~2, Cl4 and C16 ehains in a weight ratio respectively of 68:26:6, and having an average DP of 1.6, an average lipophile chain of 12.76 and an HLB of 12.1.

4. APG Surfaetant 600 - an alkylpolyglyco8ide ~substantial}y the same as the 625 product above but having an;averaqe DP of 1.4 and an HLB of ll.S.

5. APG- Surfaetant 400 - an alkyl polyglycosida oompris-d of a miXture of 55.8% of APG 200 and 33 .
of APG- 600 and eontaining 11.2% water.

6. Standapol EA-1 - ammonium laureth (lE0) sulfate anionie surfaetant.~
15~ 7. Standamld~SD - eoeoamide diethanolamine.
;8~.~ Standapol~ES-l - sodium laur-th (}E0) sulfate anioni'e surfaetant. , 9;. Carbowax~400 - polyethyl-ne glyeol~with a moleeular weight~ Or~ 3-0-420.

All of-~the~-foregoing,produets are produets available from~Henkel~Corporation~ ~exeept~ for the Carbowax~AOO whieh ~, is;available from~Union~Carbide~Chèmieals.

~25 ~ ~ EXA~PLE 6 In thi~ eYample~ th se agu-ous surfactant eoneentrates were prepared oonsisting essentially of an ' 'alkylpolyglyeoside surfaetant, an anionie surfae,tant and ; SUBSTiTUTE SHEE~
,~;,,~ . ,.
,,:, ' W093/25650 ~ 1 3 5 ~ PCT/US93/0s429 . .:

a viscosity-adjusting agent. The samples' composition can be seen from the following TabIe 1.

T~bl- 1 -., . . , ., .. .. ........... .. .
Sample 6A 6B 6C , COMPONENT
~% by wt.~ (& by wt.) (% by wt.) I
Potassium Acetate 4.00 4.00 4.00 Potassium~Chloride1.00 1.00 1.00 APGD 400:(50%) 12.50 25.00 37.50 I :
¦APGD~625 ~50~): 37.50 25.00: 12.50 Seandapol~EA-1 ~70&)~ 34.20 34.20 ~34.20 :~
Water q.s.~ to100%
~ ~ , _ I Viscosity~CPS) l500 1750 12450 I Appearance . h~zy hazy ¦ hazy q.s = quantlty su icient When~the~products are dilut d to 20%, the ~ viscosities of~samples 6A~6B and~6C~wore lO0, 80 and 20 CPS~respective~ly.
T~e samples were~ evaluated in a foam test in diluted foam~to~which~was;~added Sta:ndamid SD, the diluted ;composition~b-ing as shown in Table~ 2. The foam test was r~
:
25~ ~condùcted~following the "Foam Test Methodology" described `
b-low with~art:ificial s-bum. The viscosity of each sample was~determined~without and with the further ~ ~addition~or~sodium chloride.~ ~

,`, , . 1 D AM TEST METHODOLOGY
;Prepare a 10% aqueous solution of product being I P
- ~ evaluat-d. In the results which follow 0.5 g. synthetic s-bum, the composition of which follows below, was added ::

SUBSTITUTE SlfEET
i: ~

W O 93/256~0 PC~r/US93/05429 .. ,.i'i. "! '~' :.
213'~i 24 to 50.0 g. product prior to'preparing the 10% aqueous solution. Four (4) grams of this solution was added to 146 grams of water (hardness 50 ppm) heated to 29 C ~ l C
and agitated for five (5) seconds in a Sears electronic s blender with microprocessor control, medium/No. 5 speed agitation. The foam is transferred into a 500ml graduated cylinder and the initial foam volume measured to the nearest 5ml and then the position of the foam/water interface is recorded after 3.5 minutes. This later reading represents the foam drainage.

SYNTH~TIC SEBUM COMPOSITION

Inaredient %`W/W

5 ~ ~ Palmitic Acid 10.00 ~Stearic~Acid 5.00 Coconut Oil 15.00 ~` Paraffin~ 10.00 Spermacetti 15.00 Olive Oil 20.00 Sgualene 5.00 Cholesterol 5.00 -Oleic~Acid 10.00 Linoleic Aoid ~ S.00 ~ ~ 100.00 ~, .
~:: i ~ ` i .
~ ~` 30 .

~: .

4~ I

SUBSTITUTE SHEET

W093/25650 2 1 3 5 ~ ~i 1 PCT/US93/05429 ! .
;. ., ' I

T~ble 2 .. ... .
Foam Samples .
6A-1 6B-1 6C-l ;
Water _ 73.0 73.0 73.0 Composition 6A 24.0 Composition 6B _ 24.0 Composltion 6C 24,0 Standamid SD 3.0 3.0 3.0 Poam~ 255/135 270/135 280il35 .
Viscosity ~lno ~added NaCl) ~100 3500 ~ 1200 ~0.50~NaCl 6500 4350 l950 ; ~1.00%~NaCi ; 3500 3500 2300 ~1.50% NaCl~ 1~250 2250 2500 15 ~ ~

e;~same~concentrate~formulatlons as in Samples 6B~
and~6C~were~prèpared except~that the amounts of potassium 20~ acetat~ and~potassium~-dloride were 2% of~each. The pl-s~désignated~here~as 7A and 7B,-had~a pH of a 10%

olution~or~6.2~and~6~.4~respectively., Solution- were prepared~containing 7;3%~'~water, 24% of~the samp}e, 3% of ~;, "~ ~ amid SD~and~v~scositi-s~determined without and with 2s~ , furt~-r ~ddition~of~-odium~chloride. ~The results can be seenjfrom~thè~following Table,3. ~ i ~:
~ 30 i Viscosity (CPS) r i- N
SANPLE ~ o ~ 0.5 ~1.0 1.5 ~ ~2.0 i ~ - ~ ~7A ~3300 ~ 34003600 4000 4500 -~ ~ 7B ~ 1100 laoo2000 2100 2300 35 ; _ ~ _ ~ ~ . : , i - ~

,, `: ~: SUBSTITUTI~ SHEET

~ ~ .

W093/2s650 PCT/~S93/0542g .
213a6~1 Samples were prepared employing a variety of viscosity-adjusting agents. The samples' compositions and preparations can be seen from the following Table 4.
T~ble ~
l ~ G~ 1~ ~--COMPONENT ~ %) (wt %) ~we %) ~wt %) ~wt %) ~Sodium:sulfate 3.0 _ _ 3.0 3.0_ Potassium : .
~hloride 2~.0 _ _ Sodium Acetate . 2.0 _ chlorlde~ ~ ~ 2.0 ; _ Potassium _ _ ~ 3 0 _ _ : ~~APGD~400 ~50;%)~ 25.:0 ~ 25.0 ~25.0 25.0 12.50 ; ~APG~;~625~(50%~25;.0 ~ : ~25.0~ 25.0~ 25.0 37.50 Carbowax~400 :~ ~ ~ ~ : ~ :~ 1.0 _ 20~Standapol EA~ ~ 34 2 34.20~ 34 20 34.20 . '.
: ~-Wat ~ :~ ~ ,~ to~ ._ 100% ¦
:pH :~10% solu- ~ ~ 6 5 6 5 6 5 6.5 2S~` - ~ osity~~11600~ ~6:000~ 3~100 3200 10000 ;;.-.

~ ~ ~ ¦ Appe~Dnce :~ ~ ~ sufficlen A viscosity profile was conducted on sample 8A, 8B, - .
8C and 8D with varying amounts of NaCl on a sample of 24 parts of:the:compositions above, 3.0 parts Standamid SD
and 73 partæ water. The results are seen in Table 5 below.
. " ~,.~ ,; '' : :

SUBSTITUTE SHEET

W093/2S650 ' ~ PCT/US93/05429 ~ ~
.

T~ble 5 Viscosity (CPS) . . __~
% NaCl _ 8A 8B 8C 8D _ I 0 1100_ 1650 2650 700 I 0.5 2550 2850 39502500 1.0 4200 3250 4100_3500 _ _r _ I

~PIE
1o A sample was prepared following the surfactant : composition of 6B except that only potassium chloride was ; used as the viscosifying agent at a level of 3%. The pH
of a 10% solution was 6.45, the viscosity was 4550 cps and the product was a hazy Iiquid. Upon the addition of 15 Carbowax 400 the product was a clear liquid with a viscosity:of 4300 cps.
The product was evaluated with varying amounts of NaCl at a 10% active solution with 3% Standamid SD and a ~12S~active solution with 3% Standamid SD. The results 20 can be seen in Table 6 below.

- T~ble 6 , ~ ~ . _____ :
Viscosity ~cps~ t 25C
: % NaCl lOt solution 12% solution ¦ .:

:~ 0.51850 3400 1.02650 3700 , 1.52460 2450 2.02000 2000 ~, " " .,,_ ,: .
~ - SUBSTITUTE SHEET

W093/25650 ~ PCT/US93/05429 ~- ~
213~6~1 ` 28 In this example, samples were prepared, again using 50% active solution of the alkylpolyglycosides and 70%
active solution of the ethoxylated alkyl sulfate s Carbowax 400 was included in ach sample~formulation to ' , assist in providing a clear solution as well as some r-duction in viscosity The co~positions and properties ' -can~be seen~from th- following Table 7 ' ' '~
, ~ T~b~
~10~ :'~ ~ ~ . ~/' : ~ Component ~ ~ lOA lOB : lOC
: : `
: ~ q ~ 59~ _ 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 ..
~Standapol EA-1~1700)~ ~34.2 34 2 ~34.2 .
15 :~ ~ :_ _ ~ 2.0 ~=== ~ IO ~ '~,', ~Potassi~n~Chloride:~ ` ~ ~1.0 _ _ -~So:ium;~Chloride~ ~ ~ :1.0 ~ -20~ ~Water~ q.s. ~ : to ~; 100 s ~pH:(lc~solu~ion~~ :~ 6~.4 ~ : ~ ;6,4 ~ 6.4 i;:
` ~iscosity~(cps)~ ~:7900~ ~8500~. 8500 I I
+15C~ ~+12C 12C I , :

25 ,~ The~samples,~were~evaluated at both 10% active and 12%~active solutions~each~containing`3%~ Standa id SD
- ~ t:
; These results can be seen in Table 8 below ' i~

~ 6 ~
~,., :

SUBSTITUTE SHEET
~:, :

W093/25650 ' 2 1 3 ~ PCT/US93/05429 2g .
T~ble 8 - I' visc~ .
lC ~ soluti )~ 12 ; solutl ~n lOA lOB lOC lOA 10~ lOC . .
0 300 250 400 850 800 900 . .
0 S 1750 1450 16502450 2550 2500 $
I 1.0 ~2600 2250 31003720 3350 4100 -~ ~ ~1.5 2500 3250 33004100 3500 3650 ; ~ !; 2.CI~ ~ 2l50 2550 2550 3000 ~3100 3500 AlI the systems provide adequate viscosity profiles.
10 ~ ~

In this example, samples were prepared employing sodium lactate as a viscosity-adjusting agent. Samples llA and llC were evaluated at 10% and 12% active 5~ solutions containing Standamid SD. The resuIts can be s n in~Tables~and~10 below.

20~ ~

~":~

: j . ; . ; .
;~

:

%

~ ,:: . .
: ~ ~ SUBSTITUTE SHEET
, ~
.~ :

WO 93/25650 ~ - Pcr/uss3/os~29 ~ ~
213~6~i T~ble 9 ~;; n t l ~11A ¦ l1a ¦ ~ 11C
;-; S ; ~ APG ~ 400 ~( 50% ) 25 . 0 25~.~0 2 5 . 0 l I
APG~ ~ ~25 ( 50% )~ 2 5 . 0 ~ 2 5:. 0 ~ 25 . 0 ¦ ¦
Standapol EA-1:(70%:~ ~ ~ 34:.2 ~ ~ 3 4.2~ ~ 34.2 ~a~ ~ : ~ 2 . 0 C rbd~ ~0 ~0: .,: ~ ; -~ 0~ '' ~ 1.0 I

hloride~ ~2 - 0~ 2 - 0 ~ 3 _ = ~ ~ t-o ~ o~o~ :
`~ 15~ ~ pN ~D~ ~ 00 ~ : ¦

~ ~ ~ 16C~ ~ ~;; ' +14C
: ~ :: }~

A ¦ ¦
. . T~ ~ :~ ;~2so ~25`0 ~ ~ 800~" ~ 750 - ~ ~ 75~0;~ `~ 2~450~ ~: ~`2450 ~; ~
.~ : ~ ~ 2?:50`~ ~ 27~00 ~ ~ ;4~350 ~;
= ~ 3700 ~ ~ "3200 ~0 ~ ~ ~ ~ 250~ ~ ~ ~ ;~ 2850~`: 2400 ~ ~

e~ vl~:os~ty D~ofil-s.

In~thi~ ~exa~ple, ~ t~ inclu~lon of ~odiuDI lactate at va~=~O~op Or s~pl ~ c~ ~e: = ~e ~ollowlng :SUBSTITUTE SHEET

W093/25650 ~ 2 1 3 ~ PCT/US93/05429 T~ble 12A
, ~: ~,....................... ~., .. ,.,.
Sample Component _ 12A 12B .
: 5 APG 400 (50%) 25.0 ~ 25.0 ¦
~ : APG 625 ~50%)~ 25.0 25.0 ~, -~: Standapol EA-1 ~70%) : 34.2 34.2 Sodium:lactate 3.0 ~ 3.0 Potasslum chlorlde : 1.~0 _ ¦
10 :: ~: -~Sodium chloride~ 1.0 :Carb~wax 400~ ~ 0 ~ 1.0 Water~ : q.s. tO 100% ¦
~:pH~(10%~solution):~ : ~ 6.4 ; 6.4 `~Visco~ity ~(cps)~ ~ 5750 ~ 6000 cl~d ~lnC~ : ~ C . l15C
~ , - : , ~ . : ~
2~0 ~;~
: ~ y ~pe)~
:~ ~ IO~:solution ~ ~ 12% solution 25~ ~ %:~NaC1 ~ ~ llA~sa~pl~ :11A ~sample ¦-0~ ~ 425 ; ~ ~ -~ l :, ~ ~ _ . :
0~5~ ~ 300 ~ 2950 0~ ; ~ 3250 ~ 420C
~ -~ 1.5 ~ ~ 3doo ;~
;~5~ 3~o~ ~ ~!D~, ~

;For~ulation~A,~in particular, gave a~v ry good viscosity;~response.~ Both`of~the~products have an ~ -ad~antage in the use of sodium Iactate in that it is a q ~, i :- ~ . , , ~
liquid. The cloud point of sa~ple 12A was lower than sample~B.; The compositions are flowable, pourable and pu-l~ble. ~

f SUBSTITUTE SHEET
i :~ :: -W093/25650 ~ PCT/US93/05429 ~ ' ~13~ 32 In this example, the proportion of ratios o~ ¦
alkylpolyglyco~ides and ether sulfate anionic surfactant were raised, employing the same amounts of viscosity- l ;
ad~usting agents sodium lactate, potassium ohloride and ¦`
polyethylene glycol as in sample 12A. The composition and properties can be seen in Tables 13 below.
: T~ble 13A
_ ~,.,., . . .
: ~ ¦Component Sample 12A
¦~APG~ 400 (50%) 20.0 : ~ APG~ 625 t50%~ 20.0 ::~ . 1 :
- _ ~ ¦ Standapol EA-1 (70%) 41.0 ¦ Carbowax 400 1.0 ¦ Potasslum chloride 1.0 ~ ¦~ Sodiu~lactate ~ 3.0 _ Water~ 14.0 ; : 1~ 100.0%
~ I ~ PH (:10%~solutlon): ~ ~ ~ 6.4 -~ ~ .Viscosity (cps) : : . : 6100 - 20 ~ ppèarance:~ ~ : slight haze , T~bl~ l3B~ t~
25 ;~ ~ : ~ ~ Viscosity (cps) on 12A sample : % NaCl~ ~ 10% solution : ~: 12% solution . :
0 ~ -::~ 350 ~ 1000 ~ - ~ 0 5 ~ ~ 900: ~ 4450 .: : :: : ~
: ~ :1.0` ~ ~ ; 4300 ~ : 5800 .
1.5 ~ 4100 6500 ~
2.0 . 3200 4000 ~' The viscosity r-sponse was very good to provide a ;flowable,~pumpable and pourable product.
, - ~ :: .
.
As is illustrated by the foregoing examples, :,, i .
~ -: SUBSTITUTE SHEET ~.

W093/2~650 PCT/US93/05429 ~ 1 3 ~i 6 ~

compositions are provided which possess a viscosity which results in pourability, flowability and pumpable properties, so that the products can be easily handled in manufacture and by the consumer who will formulate the composition for desired end-use applications~ Thus, the product dilutes in water very rapidly without gelation or large increases in viscosity and is accordingly easily formulated into cleaning products where good foam and viscosity potentiation is desired. The products are o stable and economically shippable as they contain ~ desirably low a~ounts of water. With the presence of the alkylpolyglycosides, the product is less irritating to the skin than the use of anionic surfactants alone, thus providing end-use form~lation particularly useful for 15 mild personal skin care products.
A preferred concentrate is one containing about 50%
total active surfactant consisting essentially of the following typical composition:

Anionic or amphoteric surfactant 25% active Alkylpolyglycoside 25~ active Viscosity-adjusting agent 1-5%
Water 8alance to 100%

The alXylpolyglycoside is preferably a mixture of 2 or more alkylpolyglycosides of varying average alkyl moieties, such as mixtures of the APG 400 and APG~ 625 exemplified herein. The anionic surfactant are preferred, such as the long chain alkyl (C8 to Cl8) SUBSTITUTE SHEET

W093/2$6~0 PCT/US93/05429 ...
~13.~6'1~
sulfates or sulfonates, ethoxylated or unethoxylated, exemplified above as sodium laureth (E0-1) sulfate, or ammonium laureth sulfate. The ratio by weight of alkylpolyglycosides to anionic surfactant is p~eferably about 1:1 but may vary from about 0.65:1 to about 1.5 The viscosity-adjusting agents are preferably organic carboxylates such as the acetate, lactate or citrate, the -lactate having an advantage in being liquid and posing no undesirable odor, which may be encountered with the o -acetate. The preferred inorganic electrolytes are potassium chloride, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate.
M~xture of the organic carboxylate electrolytes and the inorganic electrolytes are typically employed and polyethylene glycol is a preferred agent for use in admixture with the organic carboxylate electrolytes and the inorganic electrolytes. The viscosity-adjusting --agents are preferably employed in an amount from about 1 to about 5% ! With about 1 to 3 or 4% being most 1 preferred. As seen in the examples, the concentrates will have a viscosity (Brookfield) measured at ~5'C of below about 16000 centipoise (cps), more desirably below - j about 10000 cps, and preferably below about 5000 cps, with some samples between about 1000-3000 cps- Upon dilution to about 10%, and with further addition of NaCl, the samples remain at low viscosity, preferably below 5000 cps without gelation.
As indicated earlier above, the concentrate is - useful in formulating various end-use applications, SUBSTITUTE SHEET

W093/25650 - ~ 1 3-S ~ PCTtUS93/05429 particularly personal care products. Accordingly, a method of preparing end-use formulations is provided which comprises mixing the concentrates described herein with the usual adjuvants associated with the particular end-use application. Thus, the end-use compositions may contain in addition to the concentrate components, other co-surfactants, detergency builders, soil-suspending agents, brightening agents, abrasives, dyes, fabric-conditioning agents, hair-conditioning agents, o hydrotropes, anti-microbial agents, solvents, fillers, - etc. Such materials assist the alkylpolyglycoside, and anionic or amphoteric surfactant present in the concentrate, in its end-use application are accordingly auxiliary, optional, reagents referred to herein as 15 "adjuvants. n As indicated, because of the mildness resulting from .
the association of the alkylpolyglycoside with the normally irritative anionic surfactants, the concentrates find particular utility in formulating personal care 2 o products, such as shampoos, foam baths, facial cleansers, liquid soaps, soap bars, toothpaste, mouthwashes, antiperspirants, cleansing towelettes, and the like.
While the present invention is directed to the concentrates from which the end-use applications are formulated, and only indirect~y involved with end-use formulations, the following illustrate various end-use formulations in the personal care area.

SLl~3sT7TlJ~E S~EET

W093/256~0 ~ ; PCT/~S93/0~429 -21 3'a ~tli 36 FORM~hA~IO~ A
MILD SHAMPOO WITH ALKYLPOLYGLY~OSID~ i INGREDIENTS % WT/WT I ~
STANDAPOL SH-124-3 tl) 19.6 . I .
(Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate~
Alkylpolyglycoside (1) 12.0 STANDAM~X L~0-30 (1) 1.5 (Lauramine Oxide) S$ANDAMID SD (1) 1.5 :~
(Coca~ide DEA) -- Germaben TI 0.25 Citric AcidTo pH 6.0 Sodium ChlorideTo desired viscosity Water, Fragranceq.s. to lOO

(1) Product of Henkel Corp.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET

W093/25650 - ~ 1 3 ~PCT/US93/05429 .. . :

FORM~aTION B
~OW IRRITATION SHAMPOO

I~BEDIENT~ % WT~W~
Water 54-95 TEXAPON ASV (1) 33.0O
(Sodium Laureth Sulfate (and) Ma~nesium Laureth Sulfate (and) Sodium Laureth-8 Sulfate (and) ~agnesium Laureth-8 Sulfate (and) Sodium Oleth Sulfate (and) Magnesium Oleth Sulfate) AlXylpolyglycoside (1~ 6.00 CETIOL HE (l) 1.0Q
- (PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate) STAN~AMID SD (13 3.00 tCocamide DEA) Kathon CG ~2) 0.05 Sodium Chloride 2.00 Dyes and Fragrance q.s.
100 . 00 (1) Product of Henkel Corp.
(2) Product of Roh~ & Haas -SUBSTITUTE SHEET

W093~2~6~0 PCT/U~93/05429 '213~64~ 38 FORN~hA~ION C
HIGH P~RFORMANCE LOW I~LI~LY~ POO
.~ i TNGREDIENT % W~/WT

Alkylpolyglycoside (1) 15.0 STANDAPOL EA-2 (1) 15.0 0 (Ammonium Laureth - Sul~ate) VELVETEX BK-35 (1) 12.5 :
Cocamidopropyl Betaine) -NUTRI~N I (1) 1.5 ~Hydrolyzed Collagen) Citric Acid to pH 6.0-6.5 Fragrance q.s.
Water, Preservative balance (1) Product of Henkel Corp.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET

W~93/2565~ - 2 1 3 5 S li 1 PCTJUS93/05429 FORM~L~_ION P
- IOW IRRI~ION FACI~L CLE~NSER

INGREDI~ % WT/WT
Water q.s. to 100%
TEXAPON AS~ (1) 12.50 (Sodium Laureth Sulfate (and) ~agne~ium Laureth Sul~ate (and) Sodium Laureth-8 Sulfate (and) Magnesium Laureth 8 Sulfate (and) Sodium Oleth Sulfate (and) Magnesium Oleth Sulfate) Alkylpolyglycoside ~13 6.40 VELVETEX CDC (1) 5.00 (Cocamphocarboxyglycinate) LAMEPON S (1) 5.00 (Potassium Coco Hydrolyzed Animal Protein) 2s. Ci~ric Acid to pH 5.5-6.0 Kathon CG (2) 0.05 Fragrance 0.20 Dyes q.æ.
EUPERLAN PK-810 (1) 3.00 (Glycol Distearate ~and) Sodium Laureth Sulfate (and3 Cocamide MEA (and) Laureth-9) (1) Product of Henkel Corp., Emery Group, Ambler, P~
(2) Product of Rohm & Haas, Philadelphia, PA

SUBSTITUTE SHEET

W093/25650 - PCT/US~3/054~g 213~b~:L .,-- ~0 FORM~LATION
CONDITIONING SHAMPOO

Inaredients %.W/W
Water 47.80 STANDAPOL ES-2 (1) 36.00 (Sodium ~aur~th 5ulfate) Alkylpolyglycoside (13 6.00 VELVETEX BA-35 ~1) 3 . ()O
(Cocamidopropyl Betaine) DEHYQUART E t1) 2.00 (Hydroxycetyl Hydroxyethyl Di~onium Chloride) AE~HOXAL B (1) 1.00 - (PPG-S-Laureth-5) EUPERL~N PK-810 (1) 3 .00 (Glycol Distearate (and) Sodium Laureth Sulfate (and) Cocamide MEA (and) Laureth-9 Sodium Chloride 1.00 2s ~athon CG (2) 0.05 Fragrance U-8210 (3) 0.1 100. 00 (1~ Product of Henkel Corp., E~ery Group, Ambler, PA
(2) Product of Rohm ~ Haas, Philadelphia, PA h.;
(3) Product of Shaw Mudge & Co., Stamford, CT
3s SUBSTITUTE SHEET

W093/2~6~0 ~ PCT/US93tO542~ .
-. 21~abl~1 FORM~L~TION F
I~W IRRITATION FOAM BATH/~o~y-E~a~yQ

Inqredien~s % W~W
o Water 30.45 STANDAPOL SH-124-3 tl) 40.00 (Disodium ~aureth Sulfosuccinate) - Alkylpolyglycoside (l) 12.00 L~MEPON S ~l) 9.00 (Potassium Coco-Hydrolyzed) Animal Protein) STANDAMID LDO (1) 3.00 (Lauramide DEA) STANDAMOX L~0-30 (1) 3.00 (~auramine Oxide) - CETIOL HE (l) 0.50 (PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate) Kathon CG (2) 0.05 Sodium Chloride 2.00 Fragrance and dyes q. 8 .
100. 00 (1) Product of Henkel Corp., Organic Prod. .
Div , ~mbler, PA
(2) Product of Rohm & Haas, Philadelphia, PA

SUBSTITUTE SHEET

W093/2~650 PCT~US93/05429 ~1~5~ 42 FORM~LATION G .
MILD ~HO~ER_CLEA~SE~

Inqredients % W/W
Water 62.60 STANDAPOL ES-3 (1) 10.50 (Sodium Laureth Sulfate) A~kylpolyglycoside (1)12.00 LAMEPON S (1) 9.00 (Potassium Coco-Hydrolyzed) Animal Protein) CETIOL HE (1) 0.50 (PEG-7 glyceryl Cocoate) EUPERLAN PK-810 (1) 3.00 (Glycol Distearate (and) Sodium Laureth Sulfate (and) - C~camide MEA (and) Laureth-9) Propylene Glycol 1.00 COSMEDIA GUAR C-261N (1)0.75 ~Guar Hydroxypropyl Trimonium Chloride) Sodium Chloride 0.50 Kathon CG (~) 0.05 Fragrance 0.10 100. 00 3 5 (1) Product of Henkel Corp.
(21 Product of Rohm & Haas SUBSTITUTE S~EE~

W093/~6~0 ' 2 1 3 ~ 6 ,~ ~ PCT/~s93/05429 FORM~LATION %
CLEANSING TQWE~E~

narediçn~s ~ W/W
Water q.s. to lOO
STANDAPOL SH-124-3 (1)5.00 (Disodium L2ureth Sulfosuccinate) Alkylpolyglycoside (1)3.00 CETIOL HE tl) 0,50 (PEG-7 Glycereth Cocoate) ETXOXYLAN 1686 (1) O.50 ~athon CG (2) 0.05 Fragrance 0.10 10~-(1) Product of Henkel Corp.
(2) Product of Rohm & ~aas SUBSTITUTE SHEET

Claims (52)

What is claimed is:

1. A method of preparing a highly concentrated flowable, pumpable, pourable and storable surfactant composition of a mixture consisting essentially of at least one anionic or amphoteric surfactant and at least one alkylpolyglycoside surfactant comprising adding to said mixture an effective amount of a viscosity-adjusting agent selected from the group consisting of inorganic and organic electrolytes and mixing said anionic or amphoteric surfactant, said alkylpolyglycoside and said viscosity-adjusting agent with water to provide an aqueous, stable concentrate having a viscosity level at which said concentrate is flowable, pumpable and pourable.

2. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein the amount of viscosity-adjusting agent is from about 0.1 to 10% by weight of the concentrate composition.

3. A method as defined in claim 2, wherein the amount of viscosity-adjusting agent is from about 0.5 to about 5%.

4. A method as defined in claim 3, wherein the amount of viscosity-adjusting agent is about 1 to about 4%.

5. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein said viscosity-adjusting agent is an inorganic electrolyte selected from the group of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of a mineral acid.

6. A method as defined in claim 5, wherein metal salt is a chloride or sulfate salt of sodium or potassium.

7. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein said viscosity-adjusting agent is an organic electrolyte of an organic carboxylic acid of the formula R1(COOH)x where R1 is H or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, unsubstituted or hydroxy substituted, x is a whole integer from 1 to 3, and the total number of carbon atoms is up to about 18.

8. A method as defined in claim 7, wherein said viscosity-adjusting agent is an alkali metal salt of a carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, lactic acid, gluconic acid, succinic acid and citric acid.

9. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said alkylpolyglycoside has the formula RO(R1O)mGr where R
is an-alkyl group or alkenyl group having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R1 is an alkyl group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, m is a number of from 0 to 10, G is the residue of a reducing saccharide and r is a number of from about 1.05 to about 3Ø

10. A method as defined in claim 9, wherein R has from 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and r is about 1.2 to about 2.8.

11. A method as defined in claim 9 wherein said alkylpolyglycoside comprises up to about 70% by weight of the total surfactant present in the concentrate.

12. A method as defined in claim 11, wherein the alkylpolyglycoside present in the concentrate comprises at least two alkylpolyglycosides of different average alkyl chain moieties.

13. A method as defined in claim 12, wherein one of the alkylpolyglycoside surfactants is a polyglycoside having a mixed C8C10 alkyl moiety.

14. A method as defined in claim 12, wherein one of the alkylpolyglycoside surfactants is a polyglycoside having a mixed C12C14C16 alkyl moiety.

15. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein said anionic surfactant comprises at least one salt selected from the group of consisting salts of alkyl sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, alkyl ether sulfates, alpha olefin sulfonates, alkyl aryl ether sulfates, sulfated alcohols and ethoxylated sulfated alcohols, taurates, petroleum sulfonates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, alkyl sarcosinates and alkyl sulfosuccinates in which the alkyl group contains from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms and the aryl group is phenyl or naphthyl.

16. A method as defined in claim 15 wherein said anionic surfactant is a sodium, ammonium or magnesium salt of an alkyl sulfate or ethoxylated alkyl sulfate in which the alkyl group contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and the number of ethoxylate groups is from 1 to about 8.

17. A method as defined in claim 16 wherein said anionic alkyl sulfate surfactant is sodium or ammonium lauryl sulfate and said anionic ethoxylated alkyl sulfate is sodium, ammonium or magnesium laureth sulfate or sulfosuccinate or oleth sulfate.

18. A method as defined in claim 16, wherein said anionic surfactant comprises at least about 30% by weight of the total surfactant in said concentrate and the total surfactant in said concentrate is from about 30% to about 90% by weight of the concentrate and the ratio by weight of the alkylpolyglycoside surfactant to anionic surfactant is from about 3:1 to about 1:10.

19. A-method as defined in claim 18, wherein the ratio by weight of alkylpolyglycoside surfactant to anionic surfactant is from about 1:1 to about 1.5:1.

20. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein said amphoteric surfactant comprises a betaine, sultaine, aminopropionate or imidazoline derivative.

21. A method of preparing a highly concentrated flowable, pumpable, pourable and stable surfactant composition of a mixture of at least one anionic surfactant and at least one alkylpolyglycoside surfactant comprising adding to said mixture a viscosity-adjusting agent selected from the group consisting of inorganic and organic electrolytes and mixing said anionic surfactant, said alkylpolyglycoside surfactant and said viscosity-adjusting agent with water to provide an aqueous, stable concentrate having a viscosity level at which said concentrate is flowable, pumpable and pourable, and wherein the total surfactant present in said concentrate is from about 30% to about 90% by weight of said concentrate and said anionic surfactant comprises at least about 30% by weight of the total surfactant present and the ratio of alkylpolyglycoside to anionic surfactant is from about 3:1 to about 1:10 and wherein said anionic surfactant is a sodium, ammonium or magnesium salt of an alkyl sulfate or ethoxylated alkyl sulfate in which the alkyl group contains from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms and said alkylpolyglycoside has the formula ROGr where R is an alkyl group having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, O is oxygen, G is the residue of a reducing saccharide and r is a number from about 1.05 to about 3.

22. A method as defined in claim 21, wherein said inorganic electrolyte is a chloride or sulfate salt of sodium or potassium and said organic electrolyte is a sodium or potassium salt of an organic carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid and citric acid.

23. A method as defined in claim 21, wherein said viscosity-adjusting agent further comprises a polyethylene glycol.

24. A method as defined in claim 23, wherein said polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight of about 40%.

25. A stable, pumpable, flowable and pourable surfactant concentrate prepared by the method of claim 1.

26. A stable, pumpable, flowable and pourable surfactant concentrate prepared by the method of claim 21.

27. A stable, pumpable, flowable and pourable surfactant concentrate consisting essentially of (a) at least one anionic or amphoteric surfactant, (b) at least one alkylpolyglycoside surfactant, (c) a viscosity-adjusting agent selected from the group consisting of inorganic and organic electrolytes, and (d) water, wherein the total surfactant (a) and (b) present in the concentrate is from about 30% to 90% by weight, and said anionic or amphoteric surfactant comprises at least about 30% by weight of the total surfactant.

28. A concentrate as defined in claim 27 wherein the amount of viscosity-adjusting agent is from about 0.1 to 10% by weight of the concentrate composition.

29. A concentrate as defined in claim 28, wherein the amount of viscosity-adjusting agent is from about 0.5 to about 5%.

30. A concentrate as defined in claim 29, wherein the amount of viscosity-adjusting agent is about 1 to about 5%.

31. A concentrate as defined in claim 27, wherein said viscosity-adjusting agent further comprises a polyethylene glycol.

32. A concentrate as defined in claim 31 wherein said polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight of about 400.

33. A concentrate as defined in claim 27 wherein said viscosity-adjusting agent is an inorganic electrolyte selected from the group of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of a mineral acid.

34. A concentrate as defined in claim 33 wherein metal salt is a chloride or sulfate salt of sodium or potassium.

35. A concentrate as defined in claim 27 wherein said viscosity-adjusting agent is an organic electrolyte of an organic carboxylic acid of the formula R1(COOH)x where R1 is H or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, unsubstituted or hydroxy-substituted, x is a whole integer from 1 to 3, and the total number of carbon atoms is up to about 18.

36. A concentrate as defined in claim 35 wherein said viscosity-adjusting agent is an alkali metal salt of a carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of former acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, lactic acid, gluconic acid, succinic acid and citric acid.

37. A concentrate as defined in claim 27 wherein said alkylpolyglycoside has the formula RO (R1O)mGr where R is an alkyl group or alkenyl group having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R1 is an alkyl group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, m is a number of from O to 10, G is the residue of a reducing saccharide and r is a number of from about 1.05 to about 3Ø

38. A concentrate as defined in claim 37 wherein R has from 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and r is about 1.2 to about 2.8.

39. A concentrate as defined in claim 37 wherein said alkylpolyglycoside comprises up to about 70% by weight of the total surfactant present in the concentrate.

40. A concentrate as defined in claim 39 wherein the alkylpolyglycoside present in the concentrate comprises at least two alkylpolyglycosides of different average alkyl chain moieties.

41. A concentrate as defined in claim 40 wherein one of the alkylpolyglycoside surfactants is a polyglycoside having a mixed C8 C10 alkyl moiety.

42. A concentrate as defined in claim 40 wherein one of the alkylpolyglycoside surfactants is a polyglycoside having a mixed C12C14C16 alkyl moiety.

43. A concentrate as defined in claim 27 wherein said anionic surfactant comprises at least one salt selected from the group of consisting of salts of alkyl sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, alkyl ether sulfates, alpha olefin sulfonates, alkyl aryl ether sulfates, sulfated alcohols and ethoxylated sulfated alcohols, taurates, petroleum sulfonates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, alkyl sarcosinates and alkyl sulfosuccinates in which the alkyl group contains from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms and the aryl group is phenyl or naphthyl.

44. A concentrate as defined in claim 43 wherein said anionic surfactant is a sodium, ammonium or magnesium salt of an alkyl sulfate or ethoxylated alkyl sulfate in which the alkyl group contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and the number of ethoxylate groups is from 1 to about 8.

45. A concentrate as defined in claim 44 wherein said anionic alkyl sulfate surfactant is sodium or ammonium lauryl sulfate and said anionic ethoxylated alkyl sulfate is sodium, ammonium or magnesium laureth sulfate or sulfosuccinate or oleth sulfate.

46. A concentrate as defined in claim 44 wherein said anionic surfactant comprises at least about 30% by weight of the total surfactant in said concentrate and the total surfactant in said concentrate is from about 30% to about 90% by weight of the concentrate and the ratio by weight of the alkylpolyglycoside surfactant to anionic surfactant is from about 3:1 to about 1:10.2

47. A concentrate as defined in claim 46 wherein the ratio by weight of alkylpolyglycoside surfactant to anionic surfactant is from about 1:1 to about 1.5:1.

48. A concentrate as defined in claim 27 wherein said amphoteric surfactant comprises a betaine, sultaine, aminopropionate or imidazoline derivative.

49. A stable, pumpable, flowable and pourable surfactant concentrate consisting essentially of (a) an anionic surfactant comprised of a sodium, ammonium or magnesium salt of an alkyl sulfate or ethoxylated sulfate in which the alkyl group contains from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms;
(b) an alkylpolyglycoside surfactant having the formula ROGr where R is an alkyl group having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, o is oxygen, G is the residue of a reducing saccharide and r is a number from about 1.05 to about 3;
(c) a viscosity-adjusting agent selected from the group consisting of inorganic and organic electrolytes; and (d) water wherein the total surfactant (a) and (b) present in the concentrate is from about 30% to 90% by weight and said anionic surfactant comprises at least about 30% by weight of the total surfactant and the ratio of alkylpolyglycoside to anionic surfactant is from about 3:1 to about 1:10.

50. A concentrate as defined in claim 49 wherein said inorganic electrolyte is a chloride or sulfate salt of sodium or potassium and said organic electrolyte is a sodium or potassium salt of an organic carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid and citric acid.

51. A concentrate as defined in claim 49 wherein said viscosity-adjusting agent further comprises a polyethylene glycol.

52. A concentrate as defined in claim 51 wherein said polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight of about 400.