CA2122087C - Method for automatically circulating, and then halting, circulation of waste water in a waste water pump station and a valving device therefor - Google Patents
Method for automatically circulating, and then halting, circulation of waste water in a waste water pump station and a valving device thereforInfo
- Publication number
- CA2122087C CA2122087C CA002122087A CA2122087A CA2122087C CA 2122087 C CA2122087 C CA 2122087C CA 002122087 A CA002122087 A CA 002122087A CA 2122087 A CA2122087 A CA 2122087A CA 2122087 C CA2122087 C CA 2122087C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- inlet
- outlet
- fluid
- waste water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/22—Adaptations of pumping plants for lifting sewage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
- F04D15/0005—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems by using valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/70—Suction grids; Strainers; Dust separation; Cleaning
- F04D29/708—Suction grids; Strainers; Dust separation; Cleaning specially for liquid pumps
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Sewage (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Safety Valves (AREA)
- Control Of Non-Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
- Multiple-Way Valves (AREA)
Abstract
A valve housing has a chamber formed therewithin, and an inlet and an outlet for accommodating fluid flow through the chamber along a given flow path.
The housing further confines a free ball therein, and hydraulic-fluid filed compartments with flexible walls. Intermediate the inlet and outlet, the housing has a valve seat formed. Fluid pressure in the chamber causes one compartment to collapse and the flexible wall of the other to expand. The expanding wall, and capturing fluid flow, moves the ball to the seat to halt flow through the chamber, after an initial period of free flow. The method comprises providing the chambered housing, disposing the ball in the chamber, communicating the inlet with a pump outlet, and confining the flexible-walled compartments in the chamber.
The housing further confines a free ball therein, and hydraulic-fluid filed compartments with flexible walls. Intermediate the inlet and outlet, the housing has a valve seat formed. Fluid pressure in the chamber causes one compartment to collapse and the flexible wall of the other to expand. The expanding wall, and capturing fluid flow, moves the ball to the seat to halt flow through the chamber, after an initial period of free flow. The method comprises providing the chambered housing, disposing the ball in the chamber, communicating the inlet with a pump outlet, and confining the flexible-walled compartments in the chamber.
Description
Background of the Invention This invention pertains to waste water pump stations, such as are used in municipal sewage systems, and in particular to a valving device for use in a station having a waste water pump for automatically circulating waste water within the station upon pump start-up.
As is described in the Swedish Patent Application 7908743-3, sludge banks occur in waste water pump stations, and other such tanks, in sewage systems, because the waste water circulation is poor. Sludge banks cause troublesome problems, such as bad odors, a risk of explosion, corrosion, and the like. According to the cited patent application, the noted problems are solved by arranging a valve in communication with the pump outlet, the valve opening temporarily to cause waste water circulation within the station, and flushing thereof. By this means, the sludge banks are dissolved and the fluid in the station is well homogenized.
The aforesaid valve is controlled, electrically, with a linear motor which displaces a slide in the valve.
There is a disadvantage to this arrangement, in addition to the relatively high cost thereof. The slide can easily become clogged, as the pumped medium in the station normally contains considerable solid bodies such as stones, rags, and similar objects. If the valve slide becomes stuck, by a stone or other, it fails to function, and the motor can break down.
Too, in that the motor is electrically powered, there are installations where it is unacceptable as explosive gases are .~
.., 'i".,,~
present.
In Swedish Patent No. 8900597-9 there is disclosed an arrangement in which only pump pressure is used to control the valve. Therein, pressure created by the waste water flow moves a flapper element into a closed position after a given period of time. This arrangement has the disadvantage, however, that all too often the fluid pressure is too weak to be able to move the element to a closed position.
It is an object of this invention to provide a novel valving device which is simple and reliable and independent of the pressure level in the station.
Summary of the Invention According to the invention, there is provided a valving device for use in a station having a waste water pump for automatically circulating waste water within the station upon pump start-up, the valving device comprising: a housing having an inlet chamber and an outlet chamber formed therewithin, said inlet chamber being larger than said outlet chamber; means for admitting a pressured fluid into said inlet chamber, and for discharging said pressured fluid from said outlet chamber along a given flow path; detached means within said inlet chamber movable from a first position thereof remote from said flow path, to a second position thereof intrusive of said flow path for preventing fluid flow through said inlet chamber and outlet chamber; and means within said inlet chamber and outlet chamber, responsive to differential fluid pressure between said inlet chamber and outlet chamber, for moving said detached means from said first position thereof to said second position, and said detached means, in absence of said pressured fluid, moves from said second position to said first position by gravity.
- 2a -, ' ~.,.
Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 is an illustration of a pump station with a pump unit and an attached, slide-type valve, according to the prior art such as in the cited Swedish Patent Application 790~743-3;
Figure 2 is an axial cross-sectional view of the novel valve, according to an ~mhodim~nt thereof, showing the valving ball remote from the flow path;
Figure 3 is a view like that of Figure 2, showing the valving ball closing onto the valve seat;
Figure 4 is a view like that of Figures 2 and 3, showing the valving ball in full closure of the valve and set against the valve seat; and Figure 5 is a flow diagram setting out the steps of the novel method of the invention.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment In Figure 1, a waste water pump station 1 is shown with a submersible pump unit 2 connected to a pressure pipe 3. A pump housing 4 has an inlet 5, and a slide-type valve 6 is coupled to the pump housing 4 for communication thereof with the pump outlet. With pump start-up, the slide-type valve 6 is opened to cause waste water to course therethrough and to discharge via the conduit ~ to cause circulation of the waste water and dispersion of any sludge banks in the station 1. After a given period of time, the valve 6 is closed and, as noted priorly, the valve is cycled through its opening and closing by an electrically-powered linear motor (not shown).
According to the instant invention, the valve 6 is supplanted by the novel valve 6' illustrated in Figures 2 through 4. Valve 6' has a housing 9 with a rhamhpr 10 formed therewithin, a flanged inlet 11, and a conduit outlet 12.
The inlet ll and outlet 12 cooperate to accl., n~date a flow of waste water through the rh~mhPr 10 along a flow path 13. By means not shown, but deemed well within the ken of those of ordinary skill in this art, the inlet 11 is put in c~mlnication with the outlet of the pump housing (4, Figure 1) to draw waste water therefrom for the flow thereof through the chamber 10 with pump start-up.
As is described in the Swedish Patent Application 7908743-3, sludge banks occur in waste water pump stations, and other such tanks, in sewage systems, because the waste water circulation is poor. Sludge banks cause troublesome problems, such as bad odors, a risk of explosion, corrosion, and the like. According to the cited patent application, the noted problems are solved by arranging a valve in communication with the pump outlet, the valve opening temporarily to cause waste water circulation within the station, and flushing thereof. By this means, the sludge banks are dissolved and the fluid in the station is well homogenized.
The aforesaid valve is controlled, electrically, with a linear motor which displaces a slide in the valve.
There is a disadvantage to this arrangement, in addition to the relatively high cost thereof. The slide can easily become clogged, as the pumped medium in the station normally contains considerable solid bodies such as stones, rags, and similar objects. If the valve slide becomes stuck, by a stone or other, it fails to function, and the motor can break down.
Too, in that the motor is electrically powered, there are installations where it is unacceptable as explosive gases are .~
.., 'i".,,~
present.
In Swedish Patent No. 8900597-9 there is disclosed an arrangement in which only pump pressure is used to control the valve. Therein, pressure created by the waste water flow moves a flapper element into a closed position after a given period of time. This arrangement has the disadvantage, however, that all too often the fluid pressure is too weak to be able to move the element to a closed position.
It is an object of this invention to provide a novel valving device which is simple and reliable and independent of the pressure level in the station.
Summary of the Invention According to the invention, there is provided a valving device for use in a station having a waste water pump for automatically circulating waste water within the station upon pump start-up, the valving device comprising: a housing having an inlet chamber and an outlet chamber formed therewithin, said inlet chamber being larger than said outlet chamber; means for admitting a pressured fluid into said inlet chamber, and for discharging said pressured fluid from said outlet chamber along a given flow path; detached means within said inlet chamber movable from a first position thereof remote from said flow path, to a second position thereof intrusive of said flow path for preventing fluid flow through said inlet chamber and outlet chamber; and means within said inlet chamber and outlet chamber, responsive to differential fluid pressure between said inlet chamber and outlet chamber, for moving said detached means from said first position thereof to said second position, and said detached means, in absence of said pressured fluid, moves from said second position to said first position by gravity.
- 2a -, ' ~.,.
Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 is an illustration of a pump station with a pump unit and an attached, slide-type valve, according to the prior art such as in the cited Swedish Patent Application 790~743-3;
Figure 2 is an axial cross-sectional view of the novel valve, according to an ~mhodim~nt thereof, showing the valving ball remote from the flow path;
Figure 3 is a view like that of Figure 2, showing the valving ball closing onto the valve seat;
Figure 4 is a view like that of Figures 2 and 3, showing the valving ball in full closure of the valve and set against the valve seat; and Figure 5 is a flow diagram setting out the steps of the novel method of the invention.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment In Figure 1, a waste water pump station 1 is shown with a submersible pump unit 2 connected to a pressure pipe 3. A pump housing 4 has an inlet 5, and a slide-type valve 6 is coupled to the pump housing 4 for communication thereof with the pump outlet. With pump start-up, the slide-type valve 6 is opened to cause waste water to course therethrough and to discharge via the conduit ~ to cause circulation of the waste water and dispersion of any sludge banks in the station 1. After a given period of time, the valve 6 is closed and, as noted priorly, the valve is cycled through its opening and closing by an electrically-powered linear motor (not shown).
According to the instant invention, the valve 6 is supplanted by the novel valve 6' illustrated in Figures 2 through 4. Valve 6' has a housing 9 with a rhamhpr 10 formed therewithin, a flanged inlet 11, and a conduit outlet 12.
The inlet ll and outlet 12 cooperate to accl., n~date a flow of waste water through the rh~mhPr 10 along a flow path 13. By means not shown, but deemed well within the ken of those of ordinary skill in this art, the inlet 11 is put in c~mlnication with the outlet of the pump housing (4, Figure 1) to draw waste water therefrom for the flow thereof through the chamber 10 with pump start-up.
2~.~2~87 The ~h~mhPr 10 has a valve seat 14 formed therein and a free ball 15. In addition, the housing has a pair of compartments 16 and 17 formed therein, each thereof having a flexible wall 18 and 19 defined by diaphragms 20 and 21.
A hydraulic fluid 22 is confined within the compartments 16 and 17, and a passageway 23 puts the compartments into common fluid cnn~m~n; cation.
With pump start-up, the valve 6' is in its relaxed state, as shown in Figure 2.
The ball 15 reposes upon a collapsed compartment 17, having come to rest by simple gravity. Too, as it closed upon the diaphragm, its gravity-induced descent caused the fluid 22 to evacuate compartment 17, via the passageway 23, and enter compartment 16. Diaphragm 20 Pxr~n~s to acc~m~odate the fluid 22.
As waste water flows through the chamber 10, along the flow path 13, it creates a pressure in the chamber 10. Concomitantly, the discharged waste water agitates the sludge banks in the station (1, Figure 1), as it courses through the conduit outlet 12. With the pressure build up in the chamber 10, the diaphragm 20 proceeds to collapse, as shown in Figure 3. This has the effect of forcing the fluid 22 through the passageway 23 into compartment 17. In turn,then, diaphragm 21 commences to expand and push the ball 15 up toward the valve seat 14. The full expansion of the diaphragm 21 and the capturing flow of waste water via the inlet 11 cooperate to move the ball 15 onto the seat 14 in positive closure of the valve 6', as depicted in Figure 4. The fluid pressure, then, can only act upon the diaphragm 21 (and the ball 15), consequently the valve 6' remains closed until the pump stops. Thereafter, the ball 15 descends,again, to collapse the compartment 17, and the valve 6' is ready for another pump start-up.
As will be appreciated, the valve 6' remains open depending upon how long it takes for the hydraulic fluid 22 to evacuate compartment 16 and to fill com-partment 17. Self-evidently, the timing can be regulated by using a suitable restrictor in the passageway 23.
The valve 6' operates, automatically, to discharge waste water through the conduit outlet 12, and as disclosed in the foregoing, operates automatically, subsequently, to halt the waste water discharge. Consequently, the discharge operates for a limited period of time, following pump start-up, to effect .,_ circulation of the waste water in the station (1, Figure 1) toward disinte- ~
gration of the sludge banks therewithin.
While I have described my invention in connection with a specific embodiment thereof, and a novel method of practice, it is to be clearly understood that this is done only by way of example, and not as a limitation to the scope of the invention as set forth in the objects thereof and in the appPn~ed claims.
A hydraulic fluid 22 is confined within the compartments 16 and 17, and a passageway 23 puts the compartments into common fluid cnn~m~n; cation.
With pump start-up, the valve 6' is in its relaxed state, as shown in Figure 2.
The ball 15 reposes upon a collapsed compartment 17, having come to rest by simple gravity. Too, as it closed upon the diaphragm, its gravity-induced descent caused the fluid 22 to evacuate compartment 17, via the passageway 23, and enter compartment 16. Diaphragm 20 Pxr~n~s to acc~m~odate the fluid 22.
As waste water flows through the chamber 10, along the flow path 13, it creates a pressure in the chamber 10. Concomitantly, the discharged waste water agitates the sludge banks in the station (1, Figure 1), as it courses through the conduit outlet 12. With the pressure build up in the chamber 10, the diaphragm 20 proceeds to collapse, as shown in Figure 3. This has the effect of forcing the fluid 22 through the passageway 23 into compartment 17. In turn,then, diaphragm 21 commences to expand and push the ball 15 up toward the valve seat 14. The full expansion of the diaphragm 21 and the capturing flow of waste water via the inlet 11 cooperate to move the ball 15 onto the seat 14 in positive closure of the valve 6', as depicted in Figure 4. The fluid pressure, then, can only act upon the diaphragm 21 (and the ball 15), consequently the valve 6' remains closed until the pump stops. Thereafter, the ball 15 descends,again, to collapse the compartment 17, and the valve 6' is ready for another pump start-up.
As will be appreciated, the valve 6' remains open depending upon how long it takes for the hydraulic fluid 22 to evacuate compartment 16 and to fill com-partment 17. Self-evidently, the timing can be regulated by using a suitable restrictor in the passageway 23.
The valve 6' operates, automatically, to discharge waste water through the conduit outlet 12, and as disclosed in the foregoing, operates automatically, subsequently, to halt the waste water discharge. Consequently, the discharge operates for a limited period of time, following pump start-up, to effect .,_ circulation of the waste water in the station (1, Figure 1) toward disinte- ~
gration of the sludge banks therewithin.
While I have described my invention in connection with a specific embodiment thereof, and a novel method of practice, it is to be clearly understood that this is done only by way of example, and not as a limitation to the scope of the invention as set forth in the objects thereof and in the appPn~ed claims.
Claims (5)
1. A valving device for use in a station having a waste water pump for automatically circulating waste water within the station upon pump start-up, the valving device comprising:
a housing having an inlet chamber and an outlet chamber formed therewithin, said inlet chamber being larger than said outlet chamber;
means for admitting a pressured fluid into said inlet chamber, and for discharging said pressured fluid from said outlet chamber along a given flow path;
detached means within said inlet chamber movable from a first position thereof remote from said flow path, to a second position thereof intrusive of said flow path for preventing fluid flow through said inlet chamber and outlet chamber; and means within said inlet chamber and outlet chamber, responsive to differential fluid pressure between said inlet chamber and outlet chamber, for moving said detached means from said first position thereof to said second position, and said detached means, in absence of said pressured fluid, moves from said second position to said first position by gravity.
a housing having an inlet chamber and an outlet chamber formed therewithin, said inlet chamber being larger than said outlet chamber;
means for admitting a pressured fluid into said inlet chamber, and for discharging said pressured fluid from said outlet chamber along a given flow path;
detached means within said inlet chamber movable from a first position thereof remote from said flow path, to a second position thereof intrusive of said flow path for preventing fluid flow through said inlet chamber and outlet chamber; and means within said inlet chamber and outlet chamber, responsive to differential fluid pressure between said inlet chamber and outlet chamber, for moving said detached means from said first position thereof to said second position, and said detached means, in absence of said pressured fluid, moves from said second position to said first position by gravity.
2. A valving device, according to claim 1, wherein:
said admitting and discharging means comprises a pressured fluid inlet port, fluid coupled to said inlet chamber, and a pressured fluid outlet port, fluid coupled to said outlet chamber;
said inlet chamber has a valve seat formed therein intermediate said inlet and outlet chambers; and said detached means comprises ball means movable onto, and away from, said seat.
said admitting and discharging means comprises a pressured fluid inlet port, fluid coupled to said inlet chamber, and a pressured fluid outlet port, fluid coupled to said outlet chamber;
said inlet chamber has a valve seat formed therein intermediate said inlet and outlet chambers; and said detached means comprises ball means movable onto, and away from, said seat.
3. A valving device according to claim 1, wherein said means within said inlet chamber responsive to fluid pressure comprises inlet and outlet compartments formed respectively within said inlet and outlet chambers of said housing; and said compartments are formed by and separated from said chambers by diaphragm walls.
4. A valving device, according to claim 3, wherein:
said compartments have a hydraulic fluid medium confined and flowable therewithin.
said compartments have a hydraulic fluid medium confined and flowable therewithin.
5. A valving device, according to claim 4, wherein:
said housing has means formed therewithin for effecting hydraulic fluid flow communication between said compartments, said means comprising a passageway opening at opposite ends thereof into said compartments.
said housing has means formed therewithin for effecting hydraulic fluid flow communication between said compartments, said means comprising a passageway opening at opposite ends thereof into said compartments.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE9301459-5 | 1993-04-29 | ||
| SE9301459A SE501192C2 (en) | 1993-04-29 | 1993-04-29 | Method and Device for Controlling a Valve to Achieve Recirculation in Wastewater Pumping Stations |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2122087A1 CA2122087A1 (en) | 1994-10-30 |
| CA2122087C true CA2122087C (en) | 1998-12-29 |
Family
ID=20389766
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002122087A Expired - Fee Related CA2122087C (en) | 1993-04-29 | 1994-04-25 | Method for automatically circulating, and then halting, circulation of waste water in a waste water pump station and a valving device therefor |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0623713B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2607839B2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU674561B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2122087C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69419562T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0623713T3 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO941463L (en) |
| SE (1) | SE501192C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE69605712T2 (en) | 1995-03-31 | 2000-04-27 | Lab Molecular Biophotonics | Application of isoelectric point markers in isoelectric focusing with fluorescence detection |
| DE29717006U1 (en) * | 1997-08-09 | 1998-03-26 | Gutzeit, Theodor, 54655 Wilsecker | Conveying device and ball backflow preventer for liquid media containing barrier substances, in particular waste water |
| DE19754751C1 (en) * | 1997-12-10 | 1999-03-18 | Klein Schanzlin & Becker Ag | Circulation flow generation device for pumping station |
| IT1314629B1 (en) * | 2000-05-12 | 2002-12-20 | Zenit Spa | FLUSHING VALVE |
| KR20030010032A (en) * | 2001-07-25 | 2003-02-05 | 이윤호 | Flushing valve of submersible sewage pump |
| JP4823791B2 (en) * | 2005-07-22 | 2011-11-24 | 株式会社鶴見製作所 | Sewage agitation valve and pump unit using the same |
| EP3309311B1 (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2019-12-04 | Xylem Europe GmbH | Flush valve and pump station comprising such flush valve |
| CN109931425B (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2024-04-16 | 内蒙古蒙牛乳业（集团）股份有限公司 | Leak protection emptying devices |
| CN108167454A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-15 | 舒朋士泵业常州有限公司 | A kind of mixed-flow flushing valve |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE461993B (en) * | 1988-09-13 | 1990-04-23 | Flygt Ab | DEVICE FOR ACHIEVING AID AIR CIRCULATION IN WASTEWATER PUMP STATIONS |
| SE463218B (en) * | 1989-02-21 | 1990-10-22 | Flygt Ab | SETTING AND DEVICE FOR AUTHORIZATION OF AATER CIRCULATION IN WASTEWATER PUMP STATIONS |
| SE9002711D0 (en) * | 1990-08-21 | 1990-08-21 | Flygt Ab | DEVICE FOR ACHIEVING CIRCULATION IN PUMP STATIONS |
-
1993
- 1993-04-29 SE SE9301459A patent/SE501192C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1994
- 1994-03-17 AU AU57893/94A patent/AU674561B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-04-20 EP EP94850059A patent/EP0623713B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-04-20 DK DK94850059T patent/DK0623713T3/en active
- 1994-04-20 DE DE69419562T patent/DE69419562T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-04-21 NO NO941463A patent/NO941463L/en unknown
- 1994-04-25 CA CA002122087A patent/CA2122087C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-04-27 JP JP6089299A patent/JP2607839B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69419562T2 (en) | 2000-02-03 |
| NO941463D0 (en) | 1994-04-21 |
| NO941463L (en) | 1994-10-31 |
| SE9301459L (en) | 1994-10-30 |
| JP2607839B2 (en) | 1997-05-07 |
| EP0623713B1 (en) | 1999-07-21 |
| EP0623713A1 (en) | 1994-11-09 |
| AU5789394A (en) | 1994-11-03 |
| AU674561B2 (en) | 1997-01-02 |
| JPH0776873A (en) | 1995-03-20 |
| DE69419562D1 (en) | 1999-08-26 |
| SE501192C2 (en) | 1994-12-05 |
| CA2122087A1 (en) | 1994-10-30 |
| SE9301459D0 (en) | 1993-04-29 |
| DK0623713T3 (en) | 1999-11-29 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |