CA2111972A1 - Prevention and reduction of severity of traumatic injury - Google Patents
Prevention and reduction of severity of traumatic injuryInfo
- Publication number
- CA2111972A1 CA2111972A1 CA002111972A CA2111972A CA2111972A1 CA 2111972 A1 CA2111972 A1 CA 2111972A1 CA 002111972 A CA002111972 A CA 002111972A CA 2111972 A CA2111972 A CA 2111972A CA 2111972 A1 CA2111972 A1 CA 2111972A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- animal
- zeolite
- animals
- silicon compound
- human
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/015—Inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/03—Organic compounds
- A23L29/035—Organic compounds containing oxygen as heteroatom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/695—Silicon compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/06—Aluminium, calcium or magnesium; Compounds thereof, e.g. clay
- A61K33/08—Oxides; Hydroxides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
Abstract
A method for the treatment, prevention or delay of traumatic injury to the tissue of an animal, especially in humans, equines and the like, comprising treating said animal with an effective amount of silicic acid produced by said animal from a silicon compound administered to said animal.
Description
WO 93/01819 PCI/US92/05]79 , 2111972 ~
USE OF SILICON COMPOUNDS FûR PREVENTING TRAUMATIC INJURIES
Field of Invçntion This invention relates to the prevention and reduction of susceptibility to traumatic injury by the administration of silicon compounds.
5 Backgroun~ Qf Invention While it has long been recognized that certain diseases such as those associated with genetic defects and dietary deficiency states, such as scurvy and rickets, lead tO increased susceptibilit~y to traumatic injwy, the notion of administering a substance to a normally nourished and otherwise physically fit lQ animal or person to reduce susceptibility to traumà is unusual.
A number of silicate compounds have been reported to elevate blood, serum, plasma or urine levels of silicon when administered orally or by injection. These include sodium silicate, magnesium silicate, amorphous sodium aluminosilicate, and sodium zeolite A. Bebnke and Osborn showed that sodium zeolite A was 15 particularly ef~ective in this regard. See Behnke, et al., F~od" C~Qsm. TQxicQl~, 17, 123-127, (1979).
It is also well known that the form of silicon found in the blood is monosilicicacid [Si(OH)4], regardless of the source of silicon. See E. M. Carlisle, Siliç~n, "Trace Ele~çnts in Hum~ap and Animal Nutrition", Vol. 2, W. Merz, ed. Academic 20 Press, Inc., Orlando, 1986, Ch. 7, pp. 373-390.
Over tbe years, a wide variety of experiments have been conducted tbroughout the world utilizing zeolites of many different types in the feeding of animals for valying reasons. Most of these experiments have been in animal nutrition or in increasing the production of food animals or their food products.
USE OF SILICON COMPOUNDS FûR PREVENTING TRAUMATIC INJURIES
Field of Invçntion This invention relates to the prevention and reduction of susceptibility to traumatic injury by the administration of silicon compounds.
5 Backgroun~ Qf Invention While it has long been recognized that certain diseases such as those associated with genetic defects and dietary deficiency states, such as scurvy and rickets, lead tO increased susceptibilit~y to traumatic injwy, the notion of administering a substance to a normally nourished and otherwise physically fit lQ animal or person to reduce susceptibility to traumà is unusual.
A number of silicate compounds have been reported to elevate blood, serum, plasma or urine levels of silicon when administered orally or by injection. These include sodium silicate, magnesium silicate, amorphous sodium aluminosilicate, and sodium zeolite A. Bebnke and Osborn showed that sodium zeolite A was 15 particularly ef~ective in this regard. See Behnke, et al., F~od" C~Qsm. TQxicQl~, 17, 123-127, (1979).
It is also well known that the form of silicon found in the blood is monosilicicacid [Si(OH)4], regardless of the source of silicon. See E. M. Carlisle, Siliç~n, "Trace Ele~çnts in Hum~ap and Animal Nutrition", Vol. 2, W. Merz, ed. Academic 20 Press, Inc., Orlando, 1986, Ch. 7, pp. 373-390.
Over tbe years, a wide variety of experiments have been conducted tbroughout the world utilizing zeolites of many different types in the feeding of animals for valying reasons. Most of these experiments have been in animal nutrition or in increasing the production of food animals or their food products.
2~ I Most of the animals fed zeolites have been poultry, cattle, sheep and swine.
Zeolites fed to the animals were mainly naturally occurring or processed zeolites found in nature. Although some degree of success in some areas was achieved, most of the results were unfavorable.
C. Y. Chung, et al., Nongsa Sihom Youngu Pogo 1978, 20 (Livestock) pp.
30 77-83, has provided infonnation on the effects of cation exchange capacity and particle size of zeolites on the growth, feed efficiency and feed materials utilizability WO 93/01819 PCr/US92/05179 `
2111972 -2- ~
of broilers or broiling size chickens. Supplementing the feed of the broilers with naturally occurring zeolites, such as clinoptilolite, produces an increase in body weight gain. Chung et al. also reported that earlier results at the Livestock Experiment Station (1974, 1975, 1976 - Suweon, Korea) showed no significant 5 difference when 1.5, 3, and 4.5 percent zeolite was added to chicken layer diets.
Canadian Patent No. 939,186 (U.S. Pat. No. 47393,082 issued July 12, 1983) discloses the use of zeolites having exchangeable cations as a feed component inthe feeding of urea or biuret non-protein nitrogen (NPN) compounds to rurninants, such as cattle, sheep and goats. Natural and synthetic as well as crystalline and 10 non-crystalline zeolites are disclosed. Zeolites tested using in vitro techniques included natural zeolites, chabazite and clinoptilolite and synthetic zeolites X, Y, F, J, M, Z and A. Zeolite F was by far the most outstanding. Zeolite A was substantially ineffective.
Experiments have been in progress in Japan since 1965 on the use of natural 15 zeolite minerals as dietary supplements for poultry, swine and cattle. Significant increases in body weight per unit of feed consumed and in the general health of the animals has been reported (Minato, Hideo, Koatsugasu 6:536, 196~
Reductions in malodor were also noted.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,847,085 discloses a method of improving the quality of the 20 bones and/or increasing the bone strength of animals, including humans, cattle, sheep, goats, swine and poultry, without deleterious effects on the animals or products of the animals by adding a small, effective amount of zeolite to the feed of the animals or directly to the animals in the form of a capsule, tablet or the like.
Zeolites consist basically of a three-dimensional framework of SiO4 and AlO4 25 tetrahedra. The tetrahedra are cross-linked by the sharing of oxygen atoms so that the ratio of oxygen atoms to the total of the aluminum and silicon atoms is equal to two, i.e., O/(Al+Si)=2. The electrovalence of each tetrahedra containing aluminum is balanced by the inclusion in the crystal of a cation, for example, asodium ion. This balance may be expressed by the formula Al/Na= 1. The spaces 30 between the tetrahedra are occupied by water molecules prior to dehydration.
There are a number of different types of zeolites. Some zeolites are found in nature and can also be made synthetically. Other zeolites are made only . .
WO 93/01819 2 i 1 1 g~ i~ PCI/US92/05179 ``
Zeolites fed to the animals were mainly naturally occurring or processed zeolites found in nature. Although some degree of success in some areas was achieved, most of the results were unfavorable.
C. Y. Chung, et al., Nongsa Sihom Youngu Pogo 1978, 20 (Livestock) pp.
30 77-83, has provided infonnation on the effects of cation exchange capacity and particle size of zeolites on the growth, feed efficiency and feed materials utilizability WO 93/01819 PCr/US92/05179 `
2111972 -2- ~
of broilers or broiling size chickens. Supplementing the feed of the broilers with naturally occurring zeolites, such as clinoptilolite, produces an increase in body weight gain. Chung et al. also reported that earlier results at the Livestock Experiment Station (1974, 1975, 1976 - Suweon, Korea) showed no significant 5 difference when 1.5, 3, and 4.5 percent zeolite was added to chicken layer diets.
Canadian Patent No. 939,186 (U.S. Pat. No. 47393,082 issued July 12, 1983) discloses the use of zeolites having exchangeable cations as a feed component inthe feeding of urea or biuret non-protein nitrogen (NPN) compounds to rurninants, such as cattle, sheep and goats. Natural and synthetic as well as crystalline and 10 non-crystalline zeolites are disclosed. Zeolites tested using in vitro techniques included natural zeolites, chabazite and clinoptilolite and synthetic zeolites X, Y, F, J, M, Z and A. Zeolite F was by far the most outstanding. Zeolite A was substantially ineffective.
Experiments have been in progress in Japan since 1965 on the use of natural 15 zeolite minerals as dietary supplements for poultry, swine and cattle. Significant increases in body weight per unit of feed consumed and in the general health of the animals has been reported (Minato, Hideo, Koatsugasu 6:536, 196~
Reductions in malodor were also noted.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,847,085 discloses a method of improving the quality of the 20 bones and/or increasing the bone strength of animals, including humans, cattle, sheep, goats, swine and poultry, without deleterious effects on the animals or products of the animals by adding a small, effective amount of zeolite to the feed of the animals or directly to the animals in the form of a capsule, tablet or the like.
Zeolites consist basically of a three-dimensional framework of SiO4 and AlO4 25 tetrahedra. The tetrahedra are cross-linked by the sharing of oxygen atoms so that the ratio of oxygen atoms to the total of the aluminum and silicon atoms is equal to two, i.e., O/(Al+Si)=2. The electrovalence of each tetrahedra containing aluminum is balanced by the inclusion in the crystal of a cation, for example, asodium ion. This balance may be expressed by the formula Al/Na= 1. The spaces 30 between the tetrahedra are occupied by water molecules prior to dehydration.
There are a number of different types of zeolites. Some zeolites are found in nature and can also be made synthetically. Other zeolites are made only . .
WO 93/01819 2 i 1 1 g~ i~ PCI/US92/05179 ``
synthetically. Zeolite A is not found in nature and is made Qnly synthet;cally.
As noted above, U.S. Pat. No. 4,847,085 discloses the nutritional uses of zeolites to strengthen bone. That patent references the variety and types of zeolites useful in Lhe disclosed method and processes used to prepare such zeolites.
It is an important object of this invention to provide a method for treating, preventing or delaying the effects of traumatic injury to the tissues of animals, including humans, by treatment of the animals with a relatively small amount of silicic acid produced by administering to the animal to be subjected to trauma-producing conditions metal silicates or aluminosilicates, especially zeolites.
It is an object of the invention to provide an animal treatment or food _ . containing zeolite, which inhibits the effe~s of traumatic injuly in a~imals, espe~ially humans. -~
Another object of the invention is to provide a process for the treatment -and/or prevention of the effects of traumatic injury to both hard and soft tissue 15 in animals wherein an effective amount of zeolite is added to the diet of the animal.
Still another object of the invention is to effectively treat, prevent or delay ~:
traumatic injury ~.o the tissue of animals without causing any deleterious effects in the animals.
Yet a further object of the present invention is to treat, prevent or delay 20 the traumatic injury to the tissue of equine animals.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will be more fully understood from a reading of the description and claims hereinafter. ~ `
Summ~ly of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of treating, preventing or delaying 25~ the traumatic injury to the tissue of animals, especially humans, by treating the animal with an effective amount of silicic acid produced by administering to theanimal a silicon-containing compound.
D~ ion of the Preferred Emb~sliments It has been discovered that by treating animals exposed to conditions known 30 to generate both hard and soft tissue traumatic injury with silicic acid that such WO 9~/01819 PCI`/US92/05179 4- :
~ 11 1 9 r7 2 injury is prevented or inhibited (delayed) from occurring. The silicic acid preferably is formed after administering to the ar~imal to be subjected to trauma-causing conditions a physiologically acceptable silicon-containing compound that resultsin the formation (within the animal) of an effective amount of silicic acid.
The silicon-containing compounds employed in this invention are those that are non-toxic and physiologically acceptable and, when administered to the animal~
provide the animal with a source of silicic acid. Thus, the silicon-containing compounds can be entirely inorganic or organic silicon compounds. Concerning the latter, silicate esters are preferred and orthosilicates are particularly preferred, 10 i.e., compounds of the formula Si(OR)4 where R is an organic radical, such as C~
_. to C6 linear or branched allyl (methyl, ethyl, or n-propyl). More than one.type of R group may be combined. Concerning the former compounds, metal alumino-silicates are preferred. These include metals of Group IA, such as sodium or potassium, and metals of Group IIA, such as calcium and magnesium. Examples 15 of such compounds are potassium aluminosilicate, sodium aluminosilicate, calcium aluminosilicate and magnesium alumi~osilicate. The zeolites, particularly zeolite A, are included within such class of inorganic silicates.
It has been found that by administering a small amount of silicon-contaiIung compounds daily, sufficient silicic acid is produced that trauma-induced injury is 20 prevented, inhibited or made less severe. When sodium zeolite A is used, 0.25~o to 3.0% of the total food ingested by the animal is effective in this respect.
Administration may be by way of pellets, powder, tablets or capsules.
Traumatic injury among race horses is well l~own to be a common occurrence. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method of this 25 invention in preventing, inhibiting or treating the incidence of traumatic injury to the tissue of animals by treatment of such ar~imals that have been subjected to conditions that have been shown to cause traumatic tissue inju~y, the following treatments were carried out. In the following examples, the silicic acid was generated within the animal by adn~inisteling increasing levels of sodium zeolite 30 A to a group of equines arld subjecting them to a standardized regimen of training.
It should be understood that the following examples are for the purpose of illustration only. l~ey are not intended to lirnit this invention in any way.
, WO 93/01~1~ Pcr/uss2/05l7s ~il 1 9 ~ ~ ~
Starting at approximately SLY months of age, a group of Quarter Horses were administered a diet of concentrate and hay balanced to NRC guidelines [National Research Council (U.S.) (1989) Nutrition~l Requiremen~f Horses, National 5 Academy Press, Washington, D.C.] supplemented with v~ying levels of sodium zeolite A(ZA). Animals were fed twice daily irl individual stalls and otherwise allowed to exercise in a dry paddock. ZA constituted approximately 0, 0.66, 1.33, or 2.0 percent of their feed intake. Feed was composed of 75% concentrate and 25% coaseal bermuda grass hay. The concentrate portion of the dietwas composed 10 of 87~o pelleted concentrate (from corn, wheat mids, soybean meal, alfalfa meal, lignin binder, vitamin supplement~ ground limestone and trace mineralized, salt)and of 13~o supplement of sodium zeolite A pelleted with dried alfalfa. Loading of 0, 6.6, 13.3 and 20~o sodium zeolite A in the alfalfa pellets was used to allow constant volumes of supplement while varying the dose level of ZA.
~eeding rates were increased as the animals grew so as to maintain approximately constant dosing on a body weight basis. Thus, animals were fed approximately 0.2% of their body weight as (zeolite A-containing) supplement each day as part of the concen-trate portion of their diet (including the 0 dose supplement). The concentration of zeolite A in the supplement is from 6% to 20~oby weight (this represents a dose of zeolite A of 0.12% to 0.4~o as a fraction of the body weight).
To maintain blinding, the treatments were labelled by drawing lots as A, B, D, C, respectively. Horses were randomly assigned to treatment, blocked by sex, weight and body condition score. Males were gelded at 1 year of age.
After six months of treatment, animals~ now approximately one year of age, were transferred to large forage- containing paddocks and fed again to NRC
requirements with a combînation of ad libitum hay and concentrate. Twice daily the horses were each provided 1.82 kg per head of concentrate feed (appro~imately 1% of body weight over a 18~day period). Animals were again provided with 0.2%
30 of their body weight as tho zeolite A~containing supplement (including the 0 dose supplement) in this concentrate. The ratio of supplement to the rest of the concentrate was increased to 20:80 to adjust for the changing nutritional WO 93/01819 PCI/US92/0517~ `~
As noted above, U.S. Pat. No. 4,847,085 discloses the nutritional uses of zeolites to strengthen bone. That patent references the variety and types of zeolites useful in Lhe disclosed method and processes used to prepare such zeolites.
It is an important object of this invention to provide a method for treating, preventing or delaying the effects of traumatic injury to the tissues of animals, including humans, by treatment of the animals with a relatively small amount of silicic acid produced by administering to the animal to be subjected to trauma-producing conditions metal silicates or aluminosilicates, especially zeolites.
It is an object of the invention to provide an animal treatment or food _ . containing zeolite, which inhibits the effe~s of traumatic injuly in a~imals, espe~ially humans. -~
Another object of the invention is to provide a process for the treatment -and/or prevention of the effects of traumatic injury to both hard and soft tissue 15 in animals wherein an effective amount of zeolite is added to the diet of the animal.
Still another object of the invention is to effectively treat, prevent or delay ~:
traumatic injury ~.o the tissue of animals without causing any deleterious effects in the animals.
Yet a further object of the present invention is to treat, prevent or delay 20 the traumatic injury to the tissue of equine animals.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will be more fully understood from a reading of the description and claims hereinafter. ~ `
Summ~ly of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of treating, preventing or delaying 25~ the traumatic injury to the tissue of animals, especially humans, by treating the animal with an effective amount of silicic acid produced by administering to theanimal a silicon-containing compound.
D~ ion of the Preferred Emb~sliments It has been discovered that by treating animals exposed to conditions known 30 to generate both hard and soft tissue traumatic injury with silicic acid that such WO 9~/01819 PCI`/US92/05179 4- :
~ 11 1 9 r7 2 injury is prevented or inhibited (delayed) from occurring. The silicic acid preferably is formed after administering to the ar~imal to be subjected to trauma-causing conditions a physiologically acceptable silicon-containing compound that resultsin the formation (within the animal) of an effective amount of silicic acid.
The silicon-containing compounds employed in this invention are those that are non-toxic and physiologically acceptable and, when administered to the animal~
provide the animal with a source of silicic acid. Thus, the silicon-containing compounds can be entirely inorganic or organic silicon compounds. Concerning the latter, silicate esters are preferred and orthosilicates are particularly preferred, 10 i.e., compounds of the formula Si(OR)4 where R is an organic radical, such as C~
_. to C6 linear or branched allyl (methyl, ethyl, or n-propyl). More than one.type of R group may be combined. Concerning the former compounds, metal alumino-silicates are preferred. These include metals of Group IA, such as sodium or potassium, and metals of Group IIA, such as calcium and magnesium. Examples 15 of such compounds are potassium aluminosilicate, sodium aluminosilicate, calcium aluminosilicate and magnesium alumi~osilicate. The zeolites, particularly zeolite A, are included within such class of inorganic silicates.
It has been found that by administering a small amount of silicon-contaiIung compounds daily, sufficient silicic acid is produced that trauma-induced injury is 20 prevented, inhibited or made less severe. When sodium zeolite A is used, 0.25~o to 3.0% of the total food ingested by the animal is effective in this respect.
Administration may be by way of pellets, powder, tablets or capsules.
Traumatic injury among race horses is well l~own to be a common occurrence. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method of this 25 invention in preventing, inhibiting or treating the incidence of traumatic injury to the tissue of animals by treatment of such ar~imals that have been subjected to conditions that have been shown to cause traumatic tissue inju~y, the following treatments were carried out. In the following examples, the silicic acid was generated within the animal by adn~inisteling increasing levels of sodium zeolite 30 A to a group of equines arld subjecting them to a standardized regimen of training.
It should be understood that the following examples are for the purpose of illustration only. l~ey are not intended to lirnit this invention in any way.
, WO 93/01~1~ Pcr/uss2/05l7s ~il 1 9 ~ ~ ~
Starting at approximately SLY months of age, a group of Quarter Horses were administered a diet of concentrate and hay balanced to NRC guidelines [National Research Council (U.S.) (1989) Nutrition~l Requiremen~f Horses, National 5 Academy Press, Washington, D.C.] supplemented with v~ying levels of sodium zeolite A(ZA). Animals were fed twice daily irl individual stalls and otherwise allowed to exercise in a dry paddock. ZA constituted approximately 0, 0.66, 1.33, or 2.0 percent of their feed intake. Feed was composed of 75% concentrate and 25% coaseal bermuda grass hay. The concentrate portion of the dietwas composed 10 of 87~o pelleted concentrate (from corn, wheat mids, soybean meal, alfalfa meal, lignin binder, vitamin supplement~ ground limestone and trace mineralized, salt)and of 13~o supplement of sodium zeolite A pelleted with dried alfalfa. Loading of 0, 6.6, 13.3 and 20~o sodium zeolite A in the alfalfa pellets was used to allow constant volumes of supplement while varying the dose level of ZA.
~eeding rates were increased as the animals grew so as to maintain approximately constant dosing on a body weight basis. Thus, animals were fed approximately 0.2% of their body weight as (zeolite A-containing) supplement each day as part of the concen-trate portion of their diet (including the 0 dose supplement). The concentration of zeolite A in the supplement is from 6% to 20~oby weight (this represents a dose of zeolite A of 0.12% to 0.4~o as a fraction of the body weight).
To maintain blinding, the treatments were labelled by drawing lots as A, B, D, C, respectively. Horses were randomly assigned to treatment, blocked by sex, weight and body condition score. Males were gelded at 1 year of age.
After six months of treatment, animals~ now approximately one year of age, were transferred to large forage- containing paddocks and fed again to NRC
requirements with a combînation of ad libitum hay and concentrate. Twice daily the horses were each provided 1.82 kg per head of concentrate feed (appro~imately 1% of body weight over a 18~day period). Animals were again provided with 0.2%
30 of their body weight as tho zeolite A~containing supplement (including the 0 dose supplement) in this concentrate. The ratio of supplement to the rest of the concentrate was increased to 20:80 to adjust for the changing nutritional WO 93/01819 PCI/US92/0517~ `~
h,il~9 ~ ~
requirements in horses of this age.
At the end of the intermediate sLx-mon~h paddock feeding phase, animals were entered into a breaking/trair~ing/ racing program and conditioned to race from a starting gate. After 17 weeks of breaking and training (9 weeks of breaking 5 and 8 weeks of combined long, slow dis~ance and sprint conditioning and gate training), animals entered a racing program. Animals were raced on alternate weeks. During the week of the race, the following schedule was maintained: day 1 - warm up and gallop 1 mile; day 2 - walk 1 hour on the walker; day 3 - warm up, gallop 1/2 mile and sprint 150 yards; days 4 and 5 - walk; day 6 - race; day10 7 - stall rest. Races were run at increasing distances as follows: races 1-3, 300 yards; races 4-6, 350 yards, races 7-9, 400 yards. Alte~nate weeks with no race the weekly schedule was: days 1 and 3 - warm up and gallop 1.5 miles; days 2, 4, 6 and 7 - waL~c; day 5 - warm up, gallop 1/2 mile and sprint 200 yards.
During this stage of treatment, horses were maintained in individual stalls 15 and fed every 12 hours. The animals were fed a ratio of concentrate to hay of 70:30 sufficient to maintain their body condition. As in the previous stage, the concentrate portion of the diet was composed of a 20:80 ratio of pelleted zeolite A-containing supplement to pelleted concentrate.
Tbe treatment regimen was maintained throughout the study. Trainers, 20 jockeys, veterinarians and other persormel involved in handling, diagnosis and treatment were blinded as to the composition of the treatments.
Beginning on February 7, over a three-month period ending March 29? six groups of animals began their first race, according to their age. Animals were evaluated for injury sustained as a result of trauma induced by the sprinting/
25 galloping activity of their conditioning and racing.
On May 28, animals were assessed. They were defined to have been injured if as a result of training or racing at some point they were unable to perorm at speed as a result of trauma induced by the galloping/sprinting activity. At thispoint, the beginning horses had completed eight races and the last entries had 30 completed three races. Both soft and hard tissue injuries were counted. Percent injured within each group was assessed as was the distance and the number of strides to injury. One animal sustained an injury in an accident on the walker.
wo 93/0l819 2 1 ~ 19 1 2 Pcr/uss2/osl7s It was not included in the analysis. Another animal was injured before entering the galloping/sprînting phase of the study, but recovered sufficiently to continue a normal training/racing activity. This animal was included in the analysis. Useof distance or strides rlm before first injury allvwed comparison regardless of 5 progress within the race schedule.
The incidence of injury versus dose level of ZA in the supplement and the mean distance run before first injury in strides and yards were as follows:
Distance to :
Dosel~ZA)P~rcent In~ured1st Inju~ i~Yards ~ -1~ 0.0 62 8537/41151 .
6.66 36 13665/65005 13.3 33 15380/71358 20.0 27 14901/68534 Injuries were classified by treatment and number of animals per group (N) ~
15 as follows: ~:
Treatment (%ZA!/(N! Injuries o.o/(13) Fractured Sesamoid Swollen Hind Leg Bone Sprain Sesamoiditis/Possible Fracture Tied IJp ' Swollen Hind Legs Intermittent Lameness in Left Front Leg 6.66/(14) Shin Bucked Hin~ End Lameness Shin Bucked :
Shin Bucked Shin Bucked `
13.3/(9) Knee Chip/Fractured Sesamoid/Arthritis Hairline Fracture of Carpal Bone Fractured Distal Cannon 20.0/(11) Possible Knee Chip Bowed Tendon :
Bowed Tendon WO 93/01819 PCr/US92/05179 ` ~
n ~ 2 - 8 -Data were collected for horses injured during conditioning or racing. To ~ ~;
assess similar situations, only horses injured under ~he controlled stress of galloping or sprinting were analyzed. Horses were disqualified from the analysis if they were : -injured due to accidents not associated with a~hletic events or incapacitated prior 5 to entry into the training/racing phase. Disqualifications were evenly distributed across treatments and due to the following causes not related to treatment: ;
1) l~me right front leg. (Occurred during breaking.) 1 horse - Treatment D. ~ ~
2) Physitis related to conformation (genetic origin - sanne sire). 1 each - ~ ~-D. Treatment B and C.
3) Osteochondrosis. (Present upon arrival.) Treatment D. ~ ~
4) Fractures - chipped knee, sesamoid. (Occurred during breaking.) -- ~;
1 each - Treatments A and D.
Clearly, treatment led to reduction in both hard and soft tissue injuries in 15 a dose related manner.
, .
Blood was drawn from horses at intervals throughout the study and analyzed ~
for its silicon content. The method of Gitelman and Alderman was used to ~;
determine the level of silicon in the plasma. Gitelman, H.J. and Alderma~, F.R., ~ ~-20 1991, "Determination of silicon in biological samples using electrothermal atomic ~ -absorption spectrometry"~ 1. Analvtical Atomic Spectrometry, 5:687. Zeolite A
treatment was seen to increase the plasma silicon level in a dose dependent manner.
Samples were taken just prior to feeding (T-0), and at 1, 3, 6 and 9 hours afterfeeding. The mean of the evenly spaced samples at 0, 3, 6 and 9 hours was used 25 to calculate the mean plasma silicon level.
Plasma silicon levels after 84 days of treatment were:
wO 93/0181~ Pcr/u~92/05179 ~
g Plasma si (mqJdl) Dose ~%ZA) 0 hr 3 hr 6 hr 9 ~lr Mear~
0.0 3.15 3.08 3.54 3.40 3.29 6.66 5.26 5.62 7.57 6.17 6.16 13.3 6.17 7.35 10.3 7.95 7.94 5.8B 7.78 9.73 9.90 8.32 As can be seen from the Example, the treatment leads tO a dose related increase in the mean plasma level of silicon in treated horses. The illcrease ofsystemic silicon level is associated w~th the reduction of susceptibili~ to traumatic 10 injury noted in Example 1.
It will be recogI~ized by those skilled in the art that the usefulness of this invention is general. This is due to the common elements of traumatic injury, regardless of cause. Accordingly, the usefulness of this invention is not limited tO athletic injury. O~her applications include improved resistance to tissue damage 15 in animals such as poultry, cattle, horses, pigs and humans during transportation, improved resistance to traumatic injury due to falls and so on.
requirements in horses of this age.
At the end of the intermediate sLx-mon~h paddock feeding phase, animals were entered into a breaking/trair~ing/ racing program and conditioned to race from a starting gate. After 17 weeks of breaking and training (9 weeks of breaking 5 and 8 weeks of combined long, slow dis~ance and sprint conditioning and gate training), animals entered a racing program. Animals were raced on alternate weeks. During the week of the race, the following schedule was maintained: day 1 - warm up and gallop 1 mile; day 2 - walk 1 hour on the walker; day 3 - warm up, gallop 1/2 mile and sprint 150 yards; days 4 and 5 - walk; day 6 - race; day10 7 - stall rest. Races were run at increasing distances as follows: races 1-3, 300 yards; races 4-6, 350 yards, races 7-9, 400 yards. Alte~nate weeks with no race the weekly schedule was: days 1 and 3 - warm up and gallop 1.5 miles; days 2, 4, 6 and 7 - waL~c; day 5 - warm up, gallop 1/2 mile and sprint 200 yards.
During this stage of treatment, horses were maintained in individual stalls 15 and fed every 12 hours. The animals were fed a ratio of concentrate to hay of 70:30 sufficient to maintain their body condition. As in the previous stage, the concentrate portion of the diet was composed of a 20:80 ratio of pelleted zeolite A-containing supplement to pelleted concentrate.
Tbe treatment regimen was maintained throughout the study. Trainers, 20 jockeys, veterinarians and other persormel involved in handling, diagnosis and treatment were blinded as to the composition of the treatments.
Beginning on February 7, over a three-month period ending March 29? six groups of animals began their first race, according to their age. Animals were evaluated for injury sustained as a result of trauma induced by the sprinting/
25 galloping activity of their conditioning and racing.
On May 28, animals were assessed. They were defined to have been injured if as a result of training or racing at some point they were unable to perorm at speed as a result of trauma induced by the galloping/sprinting activity. At thispoint, the beginning horses had completed eight races and the last entries had 30 completed three races. Both soft and hard tissue injuries were counted. Percent injured within each group was assessed as was the distance and the number of strides to injury. One animal sustained an injury in an accident on the walker.
wo 93/0l819 2 1 ~ 19 1 2 Pcr/uss2/osl7s It was not included in the analysis. Another animal was injured before entering the galloping/sprînting phase of the study, but recovered sufficiently to continue a normal training/racing activity. This animal was included in the analysis. Useof distance or strides rlm before first injury allvwed comparison regardless of 5 progress within the race schedule.
The incidence of injury versus dose level of ZA in the supplement and the mean distance run before first injury in strides and yards were as follows:
Distance to :
Dosel~ZA)P~rcent In~ured1st Inju~ i~Yards ~ -1~ 0.0 62 8537/41151 .
6.66 36 13665/65005 13.3 33 15380/71358 20.0 27 14901/68534 Injuries were classified by treatment and number of animals per group (N) ~
15 as follows: ~:
Treatment (%ZA!/(N! Injuries o.o/(13) Fractured Sesamoid Swollen Hind Leg Bone Sprain Sesamoiditis/Possible Fracture Tied IJp ' Swollen Hind Legs Intermittent Lameness in Left Front Leg 6.66/(14) Shin Bucked Hin~ End Lameness Shin Bucked :
Shin Bucked Shin Bucked `
13.3/(9) Knee Chip/Fractured Sesamoid/Arthritis Hairline Fracture of Carpal Bone Fractured Distal Cannon 20.0/(11) Possible Knee Chip Bowed Tendon :
Bowed Tendon WO 93/01819 PCr/US92/05179 ` ~
n ~ 2 - 8 -Data were collected for horses injured during conditioning or racing. To ~ ~;
assess similar situations, only horses injured under ~he controlled stress of galloping or sprinting were analyzed. Horses were disqualified from the analysis if they were : -injured due to accidents not associated with a~hletic events or incapacitated prior 5 to entry into the training/racing phase. Disqualifications were evenly distributed across treatments and due to the following causes not related to treatment: ;
1) l~me right front leg. (Occurred during breaking.) 1 horse - Treatment D. ~ ~
2) Physitis related to conformation (genetic origin - sanne sire). 1 each - ~ ~-D. Treatment B and C.
3) Osteochondrosis. (Present upon arrival.) Treatment D. ~ ~
4) Fractures - chipped knee, sesamoid. (Occurred during breaking.) -- ~;
1 each - Treatments A and D.
Clearly, treatment led to reduction in both hard and soft tissue injuries in 15 a dose related manner.
, .
Blood was drawn from horses at intervals throughout the study and analyzed ~
for its silicon content. The method of Gitelman and Alderman was used to ~;
determine the level of silicon in the plasma. Gitelman, H.J. and Alderma~, F.R., ~ ~-20 1991, "Determination of silicon in biological samples using electrothermal atomic ~ -absorption spectrometry"~ 1. Analvtical Atomic Spectrometry, 5:687. Zeolite A
treatment was seen to increase the plasma silicon level in a dose dependent manner.
Samples were taken just prior to feeding (T-0), and at 1, 3, 6 and 9 hours afterfeeding. The mean of the evenly spaced samples at 0, 3, 6 and 9 hours was used 25 to calculate the mean plasma silicon level.
Plasma silicon levels after 84 days of treatment were:
wO 93/0181~ Pcr/u~92/05179 ~
g Plasma si (mqJdl) Dose ~%ZA) 0 hr 3 hr 6 hr 9 ~lr Mear~
0.0 3.15 3.08 3.54 3.40 3.29 6.66 5.26 5.62 7.57 6.17 6.16 13.3 6.17 7.35 10.3 7.95 7.94 5.8B 7.78 9.73 9.90 8.32 As can be seen from the Example, the treatment leads tO a dose related increase in the mean plasma level of silicon in treated horses. The illcrease ofsystemic silicon level is associated w~th the reduction of susceptibili~ to traumatic 10 injury noted in Example 1.
It will be recogI~ized by those skilled in the art that the usefulness of this invention is general. This is due to the common elements of traumatic injury, regardless of cause. Accordingly, the usefulness of this invention is not limited tO athletic injury. O~her applications include improved resistance to tissue damage 15 in animals such as poultry, cattle, horses, pigs and humans during transportation, improved resistance to traumatic injury due to falls and so on.
Claims (14)
1. A method for the prevention or delay of hard or soft tissue physical trauma in an animal, comprising treating said animal with an effective amount ofsilicic acid produced by said animal from a silicon compound administered to said animal.
2. The method according to Claim 1 wherein said tissue is hard tissue.
3. The method according to Claim 1 wherein said tissue is soft tissue.
4. The method according to Claim 1 wherein said silicon compound is an organic silicon compound.
5. The method according to Claim 1 wherein said silicon compound is an inorganic silicon compound.
6. The method according to Claim 5 wherein said silicon compound is zeolite.
7. The method according to Claim 5 wherein said zeolite is zeolite A.
8. A method for the prevention or delay of hard or soft tissue physical trauma in an animal, comprising treating said animal with an effective amount ofsilicic acid produced by said animal from zeolite A administered to said animal.
9. The method according to Claim 8 wherein said animal being treated is a human being.
10. The method according to Claim 8 wherein said animal being treated is equine, bovine, canine, feline, swine or poultry.
11. The method according to Claim 10wherein said animal is equine.
12. A method for the prevention or delay of hard or soft tissue physical trauma in a human being, comprising treating said human being with an effective amount of silicic acid produced by said human being from zeolite A administered to said human being at about 0.25 to about 3.00 weight percent of the daily foodintake of said human being.
13. The method according to Claim 12 wherein the amount administered is from 0.12 to 0.4 percent of body weight.
14. The method according to Claim 12 wherein said zeolite A is administered in tablet, pelleted, powdered or capsule form.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US73008591A | 1991-07-15 | 1991-07-15 | |
| US730,085 | 1991-07-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2111972A1 true CA2111972A1 (en) | 1993-02-04 |
Family
ID=24933845
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002111972A Abandoned CA2111972A1 (en) | 1991-07-15 | 1992-06-16 | Prevention and reduction of severity of traumatic injury |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0594659A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH06509103A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2111972A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1993001819A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MXPA05005286A (en) * | 2002-11-18 | 2006-02-22 | Grenpharma Llc | Compositions for treating and/or preventing diseases characterized by the presence of metal ions. |
| CN1245220C (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2006-03-15 | 江苏阳生生物工程有限公司 | New dressing matorial for promoting quick repair of surface of dermal wound |
| US8883194B2 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2014-11-11 | Honeywell International, Inc. | Adsorbent-containing hemostatic devices |
| US8795718B2 (en) | 2008-05-22 | 2014-08-05 | Honeywell International, Inc. | Functional nano-layered hemostatic material/device |
| NZ611230A (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2015-10-30 | Tuffrock Technology Pty Ltd | Improved mineral based composition and methods of use |
| WO2023012147A1 (en) | 2021-08-03 | 2023-02-09 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Bispecific antibodies and methods of use |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5082662A (en) * | 1983-03-14 | 1992-01-21 | Ethyl Corporation | Bone disorder treatment |
| US4556564A (en) * | 1983-03-14 | 1985-12-03 | Ethyl Corporation | Feeding of zeolite A to poultry |
| AU3056789A (en) * | 1988-02-08 | 1989-08-25 | Ethyl Corporation | Zeolite compositions |
| JP2944117B2 (en) * | 1988-07-22 | 1999-08-30 | エチル・コーポレーション | Silicon compounds in the treatment of bone |
| US4870191A (en) * | 1988-07-22 | 1989-09-26 | Ethyl Corporation | Silicon containing reaction product |
| FI94715C (en) * | 1991-01-28 | 1995-10-25 | Steel Joint Ltd Oy | Mixture used as an additive in animal nutrition, to promote animal growth and to strengthen bones and tissues |
-
1992
- 1992-06-16 JP JP5502466A patent/JPH06509103A/en active Pending
- 1992-06-16 CA CA002111972A patent/CA2111972A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-06-16 EP EP92914022A patent/EP0594659A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1992-06-16 WO PCT/US1992/005179 patent/WO1993001819A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1993001819A1 (en) | 1993-02-04 |
| JPH06509103A (en) | 1994-10-13 |
| EP0594659A1 (en) | 1994-05-04 |
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