CA2104898A1 - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Internal combustion engineInfo
- Publication number
- CA2104898A1 CA2104898A1 CA 2104898 CA2104898A CA2104898A1 CA 2104898 A1 CA2104898 A1 CA 2104898A1 CA 2104898 CA2104898 CA 2104898 CA 2104898 A CA2104898 A CA 2104898A CA 2104898 A1 CA2104898 A1 CA 2104898A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- bolts
- crankcase
- cylinder head
- cylinder block
- internal combustion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
- F02F1/42—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads
- F02F1/4214—Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads specially adapted for four or more valves per cylinder
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/02—Valve drive
- F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
- F01L1/047—Camshafts
- F01L1/053—Camshafts overhead type
- F01L1/0532—Camshafts overhead type the cams being directly in contact with the driven valve
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
- F02F1/26—Cylinder heads having cooling means
- F02F1/36—Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling
- F02F1/38—Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling the cylinder heads being of overhead valve type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
- F02F7/0043—Arrangements of mechanical drive elements
- F02F7/0046—Shape of casings adapted to facilitate fitting or dismantling of engine parts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
- F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
- F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F02B2275/18—DOHC [Double overhead camshaft]
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/02—Cylinders; Cylinder heads having cooling means
- F02F1/10—Cylinders; Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling
- F02F2001/104—Cylinders; Cylinder heads having cooling means for liquid cooling using an open deck, i.e. the water jacket is open at the block top face
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
- F02F2001/244—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads
- F02F2001/245—Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads the valve stems being orientated at an angle with the cylinder axis
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
Abstract of the Disclosure In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder block/crankcase 3 and a cylinder head 4 held together by through bolts 22, the bolts 22 extend from below the crankcase 2, through the block/crankcase 3 and are threaded into cores 23 in the lower portions of the cylinder head 4. Thus the upper cylinder head 4 is freed for preassembly of other components. The through bolts 22 may be mounted against contact surfaces of the crankshaft bearing caps 13.
Abstract of the Disclosure In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder block/crankcase 3 and a cylinder head 4 held together by through bolts 22, the bolts 22 extend from below the crankcase 2, through the block/crankcase 3 and are threaded into cores 23 in the lower portions of the cylinder head 4. Thus the upper cylinder head 4 is freed for preassembly of other components. The through bolts 22 may be mounted against contact surfaces of the crankshaft bearing caps 13.
Description
21048~8 INTERNAL COMBIJ~TION ENGINE
Technical Field The invention pertains to internal combustion engines of the type with a cylinder block/crankcase and a cylinder head which are connected together by bolts.
Backaround In known internal combustion englnes, the cylinder head is often attached to the cylinder block/crankcase either by hexagonal bolts or by bolts screwed into the cylinder block/crankcase where the bolt heads or nuts lie above washers on a flat surface of the cylinder head. In internal combu~tion engines with four or more valves per cylinder and a relatively small cylinder bore, however, this type of attachment of the cylinder head to the cylinder block/crankcase is often difficult. Especially in the case of valves with cup tappets, there is not sufficient ~pace for installing the support surfaces for the bolt heads or nuts in the usual places. It is therefore necessary to compromise with regard to the arrangement of the cylinder head bolts and the valves or their gas inlet and exhaust passages.
Such an internal combustion engine is described in U.S. patent 4, 745, 892 issued May 24, 1988. In it the bolts in each case extend through a bore in the cylinder head and are screwed into a threaded bore in the cylinder block/crankcase. There, - -differential screws with two threaded segments are proposed. The use of differential screws, however, requires an accurate matching of the threads of the ':
---.
, ~ . . ! , ~ , , , ; , ~ , .
21 0~8~8 two differential bolts so that uniform support of the thread is guaranteed. For this purpose either extra engineering costs are necessary or else one of the two threads is cut in an axially displaceable threaded bushing which is inserted, e.g. in the cylinder head in a corresponding threading. The production of this threaded bushing and its installation and adjustment is, however, an additional expense. Another disadvantage of an internal combustion engine of this type also consists in the fact that in each case the differential bolts must be accessible for tools from the cylinder head top so that space must remain for them. Therefore, the possibility of optional shaping of the adjacent structural components such as camshaft and its bearings, valve guides, valve lifting elements, intake and exhaust ducts and water jacket are limited.
Summary of the Invention -The invention has the purpose of eliminating the aforementioned drawbacks.
According to the invention this problem is solved by designing the bolts connecting the cylinder head to the cylinder-crank block as through bolts emerging from the cylinder-crank block and screwed in from below in threaded cores in the cylinder head.
When this is done the bolts forming the through bolts on a contact face of the cylinder block/crankcase can either be provided with a head or with a threaded end and equipped with a nut screwed down on them.
Advantageously the contact surface of the cylinder block/crankcase is located on the crankshaft ' '' ~; ., ~ , :
Technical Field The invention pertains to internal combustion engines of the type with a cylinder block/crankcase and a cylinder head which are connected together by bolts.
Backaround In known internal combustion englnes, the cylinder head is often attached to the cylinder block/crankcase either by hexagonal bolts or by bolts screwed into the cylinder block/crankcase where the bolt heads or nuts lie above washers on a flat surface of the cylinder head. In internal combu~tion engines with four or more valves per cylinder and a relatively small cylinder bore, however, this type of attachment of the cylinder head to the cylinder block/crankcase is often difficult. Especially in the case of valves with cup tappets, there is not sufficient ~pace for installing the support surfaces for the bolt heads or nuts in the usual places. It is therefore necessary to compromise with regard to the arrangement of the cylinder head bolts and the valves or their gas inlet and exhaust passages.
Such an internal combustion engine is described in U.S. patent 4, 745, 892 issued May 24, 1988. In it the bolts in each case extend through a bore in the cylinder head and are screwed into a threaded bore in the cylinder block/crankcase. There, - -differential screws with two threaded segments are proposed. The use of differential screws, however, requires an accurate matching of the threads of the ':
---.
, ~ . . ! , ~ , , , ; , ~ , .
21 0~8~8 two differential bolts so that uniform support of the thread is guaranteed. For this purpose either extra engineering costs are necessary or else one of the two threads is cut in an axially displaceable threaded bushing which is inserted, e.g. in the cylinder head in a corresponding threading. The production of this threaded bushing and its installation and adjustment is, however, an additional expense. Another disadvantage of an internal combustion engine of this type also consists in the fact that in each case the differential bolts must be accessible for tools from the cylinder head top so that space must remain for them. Therefore, the possibility of optional shaping of the adjacent structural components such as camshaft and its bearings, valve guides, valve lifting elements, intake and exhaust ducts and water jacket are limited.
Summary of the Invention -The invention has the purpose of eliminating the aforementioned drawbacks.
According to the invention this problem is solved by designing the bolts connecting the cylinder head to the cylinder-crank block as through bolts emerging from the cylinder-crank block and screwed in from below in threaded cores in the cylinder head.
When this is done the bolts forming the through bolts on a contact face of the cylinder block/crankcase can either be provided with a head or with a threaded end and equipped with a nut screwed down on them.
Advantageously the contact surface of the cylinder block/crankcase is located on the crankshaft ' '' ~; ., ~ , :
2~048~8 bearing caps and the bolts designed as through bolts thus hold the crankshaft bearing caps on the bearing blocks.
It is already known how to attach the cylinder head to the cylinder block/crankcase with through-going bolts which extend up to the crankshaft bearing caps (DE 31 21 605), but here the through-going bolts are inserted from the head side, i.e. from above and are only guided up to the upper bearing straps of the crankshaft and then screwed in there.
With this arrangement, no advantage can be achieved over the conventional cylinder head bolts in the configuration of the components lying closely together on the cylinder head.
Brief~Drawin~ Description An example of execution of the invention is described in the following with reference to one drawing. The drawing shows an internal combustion -engine in a cutaway view.
Detailed Descrlption A cylinder block 1 is seated on a crankcase 2 and together with it forms a cylinder block/crankcase 3. The cylinder block/crankcase 3 is closed at the top by a cylinder head 4. In the cylinder block are located the cylinders 5 in which pistons 6 slide in a tightly fitting manner and form with the cylinder head 4 in each case the boundaries of a combustion chamber 7. In the region of the working path of the piston 6 the cylinder block 1 is provided with a water jacket 8 for cooling. The pistons 6 are connected by connecting rods 9 to a crank=haft lo which i~ located in the crankca~e 2 and : ,' , 2la4sss supported on crankshaft bearings 11. The crankshaft bearings 11 in each case are firmly connected by a bearing block 12 and a crankshaft bearing cap 13 to the cylinder block/crankcase 3. The cylinder block/crankcase 3 is closed at the bottom by an oil pan, not shown. In the cylinder head 4 two camshafts 14 and 15 are mounted which act with cams 16 on cup tappets 17 to actuate valves 18. A gas exchange passage 19 runs to each of the valves 18. For each combustion chamber 7 in the cylinder head 4 a vertical shaft is provided for a spark plug or injection element. Oil spaces 20 are necessary in order to be able to introduce and remove the oil necessary for lubricating and cooling the moving parts. Finally ducts 21 are provided to carry coolant.
The cylinder head 4 is connected by bolts 22 to the cylinder block 1 which are screwed in to the cylinder head from the cylinder block side with a fitting 25 in relatively short threaded cores 23. The threaded cores 23 can be installed without problem below the camshafts 14, 15. The bolts 22 extend through the cylinder block/crankcase 3 and are supported on the crankshaft bearing caps 13 by a bolt head or a screwed on nut 24. The bolts 22 can thus be inserted as upright bolts into cylinder head 4. After the cylinder head 4 is in place together with these upright bolts on the cylinder block/crankcase 3 then the nuts 24 are screwed onto a threaded end of the bolt 22 designed as an upright bolt. The bolts 22 are preferably designed as expansion screws and thus hold the cylinder block/crankcase 3 consisting of the cylinder block 1 and the crankcase 2, the crankshaft 210~898 bearing caps 13 lying on the bearing blocks 12 of the crankcase 2, and the cylinder head 4, together at a defined force.
A particular advantage of the invention is that the cylinder head 4 can then be completely assembled in advance even through, every cylinder 5, four or more valves 18 are provided which can enclose a valve angle between 280 and more than 40O with each other in order to achieve optimal combustion chamber ; 10 shape as well as two camshafts 14, 15 for activating the valves 18, and also room is required for the oil spaces 20 as well as ducts 21 for the coolant. This is possible, because for the attachment of the cylinder head 4 room is no longer required as before from above for accessibility to the cylinder head bolts being inserted from above. Because precisely in the areas required for this with the usual dimensions of the components the camshafts lie above the otherwise necessary cylinder head bolts. In an internal combustion engine according to the present invention the camshaft 14 can be finally mounted in advance directly above the bolt~ 22 holding the cylinder head 4 without the occurrence of problems in assembly. The threaded cores 23 receiving the threaded ends 25 of the bolts 22 find room below the camshafts 14, 15 and no longer need be reachable from above. The bolt pipes required for the cylinder head bolts of the usual type which reach as far as the upper region of the cylinder head and prevent the optimal configuration of the gas exchange passages and the valve activation elements are also no longer necessary.
. . . . ~
..
- ; : . -: - . ~ . . .: -, , 21~898 The invention iæ also applicable to an internal combustion engine with only one overhead camshaft as well as to one with only two valves per cylinder. Since other variations are possible, the invention should be given the full scope permitted by the language of the following claims.
It is already known how to attach the cylinder head to the cylinder block/crankcase with through-going bolts which extend up to the crankshaft bearing caps (DE 31 21 605), but here the through-going bolts are inserted from the head side, i.e. from above and are only guided up to the upper bearing straps of the crankshaft and then screwed in there.
With this arrangement, no advantage can be achieved over the conventional cylinder head bolts in the configuration of the components lying closely together on the cylinder head.
Brief~Drawin~ Description An example of execution of the invention is described in the following with reference to one drawing. The drawing shows an internal combustion -engine in a cutaway view.
Detailed Descrlption A cylinder block 1 is seated on a crankcase 2 and together with it forms a cylinder block/crankcase 3. The cylinder block/crankcase 3 is closed at the top by a cylinder head 4. In the cylinder block are located the cylinders 5 in which pistons 6 slide in a tightly fitting manner and form with the cylinder head 4 in each case the boundaries of a combustion chamber 7. In the region of the working path of the piston 6 the cylinder block 1 is provided with a water jacket 8 for cooling. The pistons 6 are connected by connecting rods 9 to a crank=haft lo which i~ located in the crankca~e 2 and : ,' , 2la4sss supported on crankshaft bearings 11. The crankshaft bearings 11 in each case are firmly connected by a bearing block 12 and a crankshaft bearing cap 13 to the cylinder block/crankcase 3. The cylinder block/crankcase 3 is closed at the bottom by an oil pan, not shown. In the cylinder head 4 two camshafts 14 and 15 are mounted which act with cams 16 on cup tappets 17 to actuate valves 18. A gas exchange passage 19 runs to each of the valves 18. For each combustion chamber 7 in the cylinder head 4 a vertical shaft is provided for a spark plug or injection element. Oil spaces 20 are necessary in order to be able to introduce and remove the oil necessary for lubricating and cooling the moving parts. Finally ducts 21 are provided to carry coolant.
The cylinder head 4 is connected by bolts 22 to the cylinder block 1 which are screwed in to the cylinder head from the cylinder block side with a fitting 25 in relatively short threaded cores 23. The threaded cores 23 can be installed without problem below the camshafts 14, 15. The bolts 22 extend through the cylinder block/crankcase 3 and are supported on the crankshaft bearing caps 13 by a bolt head or a screwed on nut 24. The bolts 22 can thus be inserted as upright bolts into cylinder head 4. After the cylinder head 4 is in place together with these upright bolts on the cylinder block/crankcase 3 then the nuts 24 are screwed onto a threaded end of the bolt 22 designed as an upright bolt. The bolts 22 are preferably designed as expansion screws and thus hold the cylinder block/crankcase 3 consisting of the cylinder block 1 and the crankcase 2, the crankshaft 210~898 bearing caps 13 lying on the bearing blocks 12 of the crankcase 2, and the cylinder head 4, together at a defined force.
A particular advantage of the invention is that the cylinder head 4 can then be completely assembled in advance even through, every cylinder 5, four or more valves 18 are provided which can enclose a valve angle between 280 and more than 40O with each other in order to achieve optimal combustion chamber ; 10 shape as well as two camshafts 14, 15 for activating the valves 18, and also room is required for the oil spaces 20 as well as ducts 21 for the coolant. This is possible, because for the attachment of the cylinder head 4 room is no longer required as before from above for accessibility to the cylinder head bolts being inserted from above. Because precisely in the areas required for this with the usual dimensions of the components the camshafts lie above the otherwise necessary cylinder head bolts. In an internal combustion engine according to the present invention the camshaft 14 can be finally mounted in advance directly above the bolt~ 22 holding the cylinder head 4 without the occurrence of problems in assembly. The threaded cores 23 receiving the threaded ends 25 of the bolts 22 find room below the camshafts 14, 15 and no longer need be reachable from above. The bolt pipes required for the cylinder head bolts of the usual type which reach as far as the upper region of the cylinder head and prevent the optimal configuration of the gas exchange passages and the valve activation elements are also no longer necessary.
. . . . ~
..
- ; : . -: - . ~ . . .: -, , 21~898 The invention iæ also applicable to an internal combustion engine with only one overhead camshaft as well as to one with only two valves per cylinder. Since other variations are possible, the invention should be given the full scope permitted by the language of the following claims.
Claims (4)
1. An internal combustion engine having a cylinder block/crankcase and a cylinder head which is connected to the cylinder block/crankcase by bolts wherein the bolts (22) are through bolts extending from below the cylinder block/crankcase (3), penetrating the cylinder block/crankcase (3) and screwed with threaded ends (25) into threaded cores (23) in the cylinder head (4) from below.
2. An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 1, wherein the through bolts (22) each have a head engaging contact surface of the cylinder block/crankcase (3).
3. An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 1, wherein the through bolts (22) each engage a contact surface of the cylinder block/crankcase (3) though a nut (24) screwed onto the bolts (22).
4. An internal combustion engine in accordance with claim 1, wherein contact surfaces of the cylinder block/crankcase (3) are engaged by the through bolts (22), the contact surfaces being formed on the crankshaft bearing caps (13).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19924230528 DE4230528A1 (en) | 1992-09-12 | 1992-09-12 | Internal combustion engine |
| DE4230528 | 1992-09-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2104898A1 true CA2104898A1 (en) | 1994-03-13 |
Family
ID=6467790
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2104898 Abandoned CA2104898A1 (en) | 1992-09-12 | 1993-08-26 | Internal combustion engine |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0588195A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2104898A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4230528A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1280976B1 (en) * | 1995-10-17 | 1998-02-11 | Fiat Ricerche | INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH DIESEL CYCLE, FOR CARS, DIRECT INJECTION |
| DE19754008C2 (en) * | 1997-12-05 | 2003-04-10 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | reciprocating internal combustion engine |
| DE102006041519A1 (en) * | 2006-09-05 | 2008-03-20 | Ford Global Technologies, LLC, Dearborn | Method for connecting cylinder head with cylinder block, involves arranging seal between cylinder block and cylinder head, where bores are provided in cylinder head and in cylinder block |
| DE102014006440A1 (en) | 2014-05-02 | 2015-11-05 | Daimler Ag | Mounting arrangement of a bearing cap on a crankcase |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE418818C (en) * | 1924-10-14 | 1925-09-22 | Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag | Box frame for internal combustion engines with tie rods penetrating the frame |
| DE444991C (en) * | 1925-03-31 | 1927-05-28 | Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag | Process to increase the resistance of light metal castings |
| US3173407A (en) * | 1961-08-17 | 1965-03-16 | Kaiser Jeep Corp | Aluminum engine |
| DE1952336A1 (en) * | 1969-01-31 | 1970-11-05 | Schwermaschb Karl Liebknecht M | Housings for internal combustion engines |
| DE2358387B2 (en) * | 1973-11-23 | 1979-12-06 | Mak Maschinenbau Gmbh, 2300 Kiel | Arrangement of tie rods on large internal combustion engines |
| AT389570B (en) * | 1983-12-13 | 1989-12-27 | Avl Verbrennungskraft Messtech | LIQUID-COOLED PISTON COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH SERIES OF CYLINDERS |
| GB2187791B (en) * | 1986-03-15 | 1989-11-15 | Austin Rover Group | Internal combustion engine |
| JPS62279256A (en) * | 1986-05-27 | 1987-12-04 | Mazda Motor Corp | Block structure of engine |
| SU1483074A1 (en) * | 1987-10-02 | 1989-05-30 | Войсковая часть 63539 | Piston-type ic-engine |
-
1992
- 1992-09-12 DE DE19924230528 patent/DE4230528A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1993
- 1993-08-26 CA CA 2104898 patent/CA2104898A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-09-06 EP EP93114253A patent/EP0588195A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0588195A1 (en) | 1994-03-23 |
| DE4230528A1 (en) | 1994-03-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Dead |