CA2089613A1 - Dispersion and method for producing same - Google Patents

Abstract

IMPROVED DISPERSION AND METHOD
FOR PRODUCING SAME
ABSTRACT OF THE INVENTION
Dispersion comprising a maleated rosin ester, a wax, and an emulsification promoter. The dispersion may further include an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and may be combined with other compounds. Particularly when used to coat paper the dispersion may be combined with clay and/or latex. The dispersion has many uses such as for adhesives or coatings for papers and other substrates and, for example, may be utilized to provide a barrier coating for paper. In one preferred application, the dispersion is applied as a coating to paper to enhance toner adhesion to the surface of the paper and to provide the paper with a low friction surface.

Description

IMPRO~U DISPERSION
A~D M~THO~ FOR P~QpUCING SAM~
The present invention relates qenerally to dispersions for use in coatings and adhesives. More particularly, the pres~n~ invention relates to di~persions ~hich are particularly useful for coating substrates to provide low friction surfaces, sur~aces having improved toner adhesion, and surfaces having improved barrier properties.
In one aspect, the present invention provides a dispersion compri~ing an aqueous mixture of a maleated rosin ester, ~ wax, and an ~mulsification promoter.
In another aspect, the pre6ent inventi.on provides a low ~riction coating whîch i~ u~e~ul or ion depoeition printing t the coating composition comprising an aqueous disper~ion o~ an ethlene-Yinyl aceta~e copolymerl a ~ax, a maleaked rosin ester, and an emulsification promoter.
The di~persion may further includ~ additional component~, ~uch as an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
~he di~persion may, in one application, be applied, alone or in conjunction with conYentional coating materlals, ae a barrier coating to ~ubstrate~, particularly paper ~ubstrates. The di~per~ion may have ~urther u~e~, ~uch as in connaction with adhe~iv~ Particularly, ~h~ ~iepers~on ie u~e~ul to disperee hot melt adhesives~
Ik ha~ been experienced tha~ ~he di~per~ion i~
particularly useful when co~bined with clay and/or latex and applied as a coating ~o paper to provide a lo~ Erictlon ~ur~ace which enhances the ability o~ a printer to pick up the paper one at a time ~or printing and which also provides improved toner adhesion~ :
A suitab~e rosin est~r for use i~ th~ present invention is that derived from a reaction ~etween rosin and a polyhydric alcohol, e.g~ glycerine, pentaerythritol, e~hylene glycol, and the liXe. ~he ro~in ester is maleated such as by a~uction with m~leic anhydride (2,5-furandione)~ Suitable waxes include petroleum ~ax (e.~.
para~fin, ~icroc~y~talline, semi-mic~ocrystalline, and , 2~8~9~

equivalents) or synthetic wax ~e.g~ polyethylene, Fischer-Tropsch, chemic~lly modified hydrocarbon, substituted amide, and equivalents). An emulsification promoter, such as a surfactant, is pre~erably generated to "homogenize" or uniformly disperse the components within the dispersion~ Amines, such as tertiary amino alcohols, are particularly sui~able emulsification promoters, with a pr~erred tertiary amino alcohol being N,N-dimet~ylethanolamine.
In addition, for certain appli~ations, other components may be utilized in the dispersion. For example, when khe dispersion is to be utilized in connection with providing a low friction coating to paper, it has been discovered that it is advantageous to include an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (E~A~ in the dispersion.
For t~is application, a suitable EVA woul~ have a melt index o~ between about 1 and 500 dgJmin., preferably between about lO0 and 500 dg~min., and a vi~yl acetate content of between about 5 and 95%, preferably between about 15 and 40%.
The total solids content o~ the ~i~per~ion i~
generally cho~en to be between about 10 and 80~. W~len the dispersion is u~ilized as a low friction cvating, the solid~ content is pre~erably between about 45 and 60%.
Al~o, ~or thi~ application, the EV~/wax~mal~ated ro3in e~ter ~olid~ in the di~persion are pref~rahly provided in the ratio o~ 2 relative to one another an~ represerlt between abou~ 10% to gO%, pref~rably b~ween abou~ 10 and 40% of the total weight of the dispersion. Th@ a~in~
content is generally between about 1 and 15~ (based on the wei~ht o~ the tot~l solids~ and, for low ~riction coatings i~ preferably ~etween ~bout ~ and 8%. ~or application~
wher~in the dispersio~ does not include the ~VA, the W2X
and maleated rosin es~er ~re pre~erably provided in equal am~unts~
Preferred components in- the dispersion are a petroleum wax known in the art as Aris~owax~, available ~rom Frank ~. Ros~ Co., or an oxidized polyole~in wax known .

2~9~13 in the art as Epolene~, E~5, available ~rom Ea~tman Ch~micals; and a rosin ester known in the ~rt a~ Zonester3 100, available ~rom Arizona Chemical Co. Zonestar0 100 i~
a rosin ester which i~ a pentaerythritol e~ter o Acintol~
R type tall oil rosin (also available ~rom Arizona Chemical Co.). Zone~ter~ 100 has a so~tening poi~t o~ 94 C, an acid value of 8, and a speci~i.c gravity (25 /25 C~ of 1.06. A
pre~erre~ EVA is one known in ~he ark as ELV~X~ 220, available ~rom DuPont Co. and having a vinyl acetate content of 28~ and a melt index of 150 dg/min.
~xampl~s 1-7 are provided below to illustrate preparation of dispersions in accordance with the present invention.
EXAMPL~ 1 ~i) mal~ic anhydride adduckion o~ Zonester~ 100:
2822 grams of Zonest~r~ 100 ~rosin ester) was heated to 180~C in a 5 litPr three neck flask equippPd with a tempera~ure c~nt~oll2r, ther~ocouple, overhaad stirr~r, heating ~antle and conden~er. 113 grams of maleic anhydri~e po~der was slo~ly added to the ~lask. A~tar the addition of maleic anhydride, the temperakure was ~aintained at 240C ~or 4 hours. rrhe unreacted malelc anhydride wa~ removed by purging wikh nltrog~n ~or 2 hour~
while main~aininy the t~mperatura a~ 2~0C. ~nalysls:
2.9~ malai¢ anh~dri~e; 110C ~o~tenlng point.
(ii) di~pers~on procedure:
~. A one llter ~la~k equippad with a temperature controller, khermo~ouple~ ov~rhead stirrer, h~ati.ng mantle, and condenser was charyed with 12S gra~s o~ the maleated Zones~er~ 100 o~ ~tap ~ 2.5 grams v~ ~lvax~ ~20 lEV~), and 6~.5 grams Epol~ne~ E-15 (wax). The mixture wa~
heated to 150C and stirred until homogenevuæ.
b. The homogeneous mixture pr~pared above wa~
c~oled to about 130 C and ~5 yram~ o~
N,N-dimethyle~hanolamlne ~as added~ The ~mperature wa~
then mai~tained at 120 C ~or 10 ~lnut~s and then re~uced to about 9~C.
c. 37~ grams of boili~g water wa~ ~lowly added 2~6~

over a twenty minute period and the temperature was maintained at about 98 C.
d. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and provided a dispersion having a ~olids content of 38.9~, 5 5 ViSCQ~ity of 70cp, ~nd a particle size o~ 1.20~m.
E~AMPLE 2 The procedure o~ Example 1 wa~ repea~ed using Elvax~ 210 in place o~ Elva~ 220. Elvax~ 21~ i~ an EVA
available from ~uPont haYing a vinyl acetate content o~ 2~%
and a melt index of 400 dg/min~ The resulting dispersion had a particle size of 1.27~ and a solids content of 39.2%.
~X~MPLE 3 (i) A three neck flask equipped with a te~perature controller, thermocouple, overhead stirrer, heating mantle and condenser was charged with 125 gram~ of the ~onester~ 100 adducted with maleic an~ydride, as sat forth in Example 1, and 125 yrams of Epolene~ E-15. The mixture wa~ heated to lS0 C with s~rring and held at this temperature until homogeneous.
~ii) The ~ixture wa5 then cooled to about 130 C
and 15 gra~ of N,N-dimethyl~thanolamine waæ added. The mixture wa6 ~hen maintaine~ a~ 120 C ~or 10 ~inute~ ~nd then coo~ed to about 9~ C.
(iil) 375 gram~ o~ bolling water wa~ added over a twenty mimlte perio~ while the temperature wa~ ~aintained at about 98 C.
(i~) The dispersion was cooled ~o roo~
temperature and was deter~ined to have a ~olid~ contQnt of 38.4%, pH of ~.5, and a particle siz~ of ~.lO~m.
EX~PL~
(i~ Zones~er~ 100 adduc:ted with ~alei~ anhydride was prepared a~ in ~xample 1.
(ii~ 500 gra~s ~ach of ~lvax~ 220 and Ari~towax~
165 (a para~in wax sold by Frank B9 Ross Co~, Inc.) were add~d to a two liter ~lask equipped wlth an ovarhead stirrer/ ther~ocouple, temperature controller, heating mantle and condenser. The contsnts of the flask were heated to 190C and 50 grams o~ maleic anhydride was add~.
The mixture was held at ~90~C for ~ur hour~. Unreacted maleic anhydride was removed by purging the adduct with nitrogen ~or 3.5 hours at 2ao D C 7 (iii) a. A one liter ~lask eguipped with a thermocouple, temperature controller, ovsrhead ~tirrer, heating mantle and condenser was charged with 1~5 grams o~
Zonester~100 maleia anhy~ride adduct and 125 g of the ~Elvax~ 220/Aristowax~ 165] maleic anhydride adductO The mixture waæ heated to 1soc with ~tirrlng and held at thi~
temperature until the mixture wa~ ~omogeneousO
b. The mixture was cooled to about 125 C and 15 grams of dimethylethanolamine w~s added. The mixture was maintain2d at about 120 C for 10 minutes and then cooled to bo ~ 98C
a u Cr 320 grams of boiling water was added over ~
twenty minute time period while the temperat~r~ was maintained at about 98C D
d~ A~er co~pletion of the water addition the di~persion was cooled to room temperatureO The resulting di~p~rsion ha~ an average particle size o~ 4~92 ~m~
~ E$~_~
~i) A Zone~ter~ 100 maleic anhy~ride adduct wa~
prepared a~ in E~ample 1.
(li) 500 grams each o~ Elvax~ 210 and Aristowax~
165 were added to a two liter ~l~sk equipped with an overhead stirrer, tharmocvuple, temperakure controller, heating mantle and condenser. ~he contents of the fla~k were hsate~ to lgO C and 50 grams of malaic anhydride was added. ~he mixt~re was held at 190C for four hours.
Unreaated maleic anhy~ride wa~ removed ~y purging th~
adduct with nitrogen for 3~5 hours at 200 C.
~iii) a. A three neck ~la~k equipped with a temperature controll~r, thermocoupl~, ovarhead stirr~r, heatinq mantle and conden6er, was charged with 125 grams o~
Zone~ter~ ~00 maleic anhydride a~duck and ~5 gram~ of the EElvax~ 210/Aristowax~ 165~ maleic anhydride adduct. T~e mixture w~s heated to 150C with st~rring and h~ld at thi~

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temperature until the mixture wa~ homogeneous~
b. ~he mix~ure was cooled to about ~25 C and 20 grams of dimethy~ethanolamine was added. The mixture was maintained at about 120C for lo ~inutes and then cooled to about 90 C.
c. 375 grams boiling wa~er was added over a twenty minute time p riod while the te~perature was maintained at about 9B C.
d. After the water addition was complete, the dispersion was cooled to room temperature. The re~ulting dispersion had an average particle size of l.~o ~m.
~A~PLE 6 (i) A one liter flaek equipped with a temperature con~roller, thermocouple, overhead ~tirrer, heating mantle and condenser, was charqed with 125 grams of Zone~ter~ lOo maleic anhy~ride adduct, 62.5 gra~s ~lvax~
220 and 62.5 grams Aristowax~ 165. The mixture was heated to 180 C with stirring and held at this temperature until the mixture was homogeneous.
~ii) The ~ixture wa~ cooled to ahout 110 C an~
~0 g o~ dimethylethanolamine was added. The temperature of the ~ixture w~a held at 120 C for 1~ minute~ and then cooled to about 98 C.
(iii) 375 gram~ boiling water was added over a~out a ~wenty minute t~me period while the temperature wa~
ma~ntained at a~out 98C.
(iv) A~ker the water addition was compl~te, the disper~ion w~ cooled ~o room temp2rature. The re~ulting disp~rsion had an average particle ~ize of l.oo ~m.

io A one liter ~lask equipped with a temp~rature controller, thermocouple, overhead ~tirrer, h~ating mantle and condenser, was charged with 125 grams of Zo~ester~ 100-maleic anhydride adduc~, 6~5 grams Elvax~ ~10 and 62.5 gra~s hris~owax~ 165~ The mix~ur~ wa~ heate~ to 150 C ~ith stirring and held at ~hi~ tempex~ture until the mixture was homogeneous.
ii. The mixture wa8 cooled to about ~30 ~ a~d 20 ~ . . , . - .

2~6~3 qrams of dimethylethanolamine wa~ added. ~he temperatur~
of the mixture wa~ held at 120~C for 10 minutes and then cooled at about 98 C.
iii. 375 grams boiling water was added over about a twenty minu~e time period while th~ ~emperature wa~
maintained at about g8 C.
iv. After the water addition was complete, th~
dispersion was cooled to room temperature. The rQsulting dispersion had an average particle size o~ 1.67 ~m.
The disper~ion of the pre~ent invention i~
particularly suitable for coating papex which is ~o b~
printed by ion depo6ition. Particularly, the dispers.ion may be combined with latex and/or clay and applied to paper, particularly heavier paper of the type used to provide automated tickets and boarding passes, to improve toner adhesion and to reduce ~riction. Automated ticket and boarding pass stock typicaly has a weight o~ about 991b/3000 ft2. However, it will be un~erstood that the pre~ent inv~ntion may al~o be useful for other weigh~
paper~, such as rsprographic paper havinq a weight o~ about 46 lb~3000 ft~, envelope paper having a weigh~ of about 55 lb~3000 ~t2, and tag ~tock ha~ing ~ w~ight o~ about 125 lb . /3 000 ~t . a, It i~ de~ired to provide papQr~ particularly the heav~er ~*ock used ~or tickets and boarding passes, with a coating which provi~es improved a~he~ion o~ ~oner to ths paper and which provides a low ~riction coating which enables the paper ~o ~e picked up by the printing equip~nt on a one by one ba~i~. It has b~n experienced that this may ~e achie~ed by applying ~o ticket ~ock, be~ore intr~duction of the stock to an ion deposition printer, a coating that i~ capable of solubilizing the binder of the ton~r under conditions o~ cold transfixation and which provides a ~ur~ac~ having a su~lcienkly low co~ici~nk of fricti~n ~static and kinetic) so that the stock may be picked up by the printing e~uipment.
To achi~Y~ this, tlcket stock, in one example is coated with a coating provided by co~bining the disper~ion '' ' ~ ' .

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208~613 of Example 1 (above~ with a latex and/or a delamlnated clay of a type well known in the art to form a ~table dispersion. F~r thi~ application, the coating pre~erably contains solids in an amount of ~etween about 10 and 40% by weight of the coating. The latsx, if utilized, i5 pr~sent in an amount of between about 0.1 and ~6.6 percent by weight o~ the solids. The clay, if utilized, is pr~sent in an amount of between about 0.1 and 50 percent by weight o~
the solids. The latex is preferably a polymer lattice selected rom the class comprising acrylic latticss, styrene ~utadiene lat~ices, and~or combinations thereof and is pres~nt in an amount of between about 30 and 50 perc~nt by weight of the solid~. The clay is preferably present in an amount of between about 20 and 40 percent by weight o~
the ~olid~. A preferred latex is an acrylic latex known in the art as Rhoplex~ N-4s5~ available fro~ Rohm ~ Hass and which i~ an aqueous di~persion of an acrylic polymer.
Other examples of polymer lattires w~ich have been found to be useful in the present invention include a vinyl acetate-acrylate copolym~r known in the art a~ 5ynthemul~
40551; a styrene/butadiene latex known in the art as Goodri~e~9 1800 x 7~; an ethylene/vinyl chloride known in the art as Alrflex~ 48~; a vinyl acetate/ethylene known ~n the ark as ~ir~lex~ 100 ~S; a caxbo~ylated ~kyren~/hut~di~ne latex known in the art as DOW~ 620NA; and a polyvinyl acetate known in tha art a~ Fuller~ PDo62.
In thi~ par~icular coating, the dispersion solids are present in an amotm~ o~ between about o . 4 and 99 . 9 percent by weight o~ the coa~ing solids (99.B perc~nt i~ I
both latex and clay are added), preferably between about 30 and 50 percent. The proportlon of the EVA/wax/maleated rosin e~ter, relati~e to one another, pre~erably re~ains 1/1/2. This coating compo~ition is preferably applied in coating weight~ of between about 0.5 and 5~0 lbs~ideJ[3000 ~t2) utili~ing conventional coating techniques~ such a~
spraying, brushing, ~oa~ing, roll coating, flexo coating, of~set gravure coatlng, blade coatin~, and kni~e cQating.
The coated paper i~ ~referably dri~d tv a moi~ture content 2~8~6~3 g of between about ~.5 and 5.5 percent by weight be~ore printing.
Re~erring to the below T~bles 1, 2, and 3, Table 1 provides data relating to the static coefficient o~
friction (SCOF) for three samples. Table 2 provides data relating to the kinetic coe~ficient of friction (KCOF) for the ~ame three samples. Table 3 provides data relating to toner adhesion ~or ~he same three samples. In each case, sample 1 is ordinary starch surfa~e sized paper stoc~
(uncoated) ha~ing a ba~is weight of 46 lbs/rea~ (3000 ft2).
Sample 2 is the stock of sample ~ which has been coated on both sides with a conventional polymeric latex coating.
Sample 2 has a coating weight o~ 1~54 lbs/side/3000 ft2 and the coating was applied usin~ a metering blade size press.
Sample 3 is the stock of Sample 1 coated on ~oth sides with a coating composition made in accordance with ~he present invention. Sample 3 has a coating weight of 1.69 lbs/side/3000 ft2 and the coati~g was applied using a metering blade size press. The coating of Sample 3 contained ~by weight soli~s) 6~ percent Rhoplex-495, ~0 percent filler clay, and 2 percent o~ the dispersion of Example 1.

~m~lQ ~ L~k~L5 E~Q~
1 0.5525 2 0~68~5 3 0.6050 T~bl~ 2 Sa~le ~e~ic Coef~i~ia~- o~
riction 1 0.4370 2 0.4835 3 0.40~0 .. . .

.

, 2 ~ 3 Table 3 Sample l!oner hdhes ' on Prlnter 1 Printer 2 2 93 . 5 86 3 97 8g The da~a in Table 1 wa obtained uslng a slip and friction tester available ~rom T~sting P~achirle~ Inc:. and is of a type which is well known in the art ~or friction testing. As c~n be seen, the SCOF of the untrl3ated stock ( Sample 1 ) is lower ~han ~he SCOF of either o~ the coated stocks, however~ the SCOF increase of the stock coated with the coating o~ the present invsntion (Sample 3~ i~ about ~0 percent lower ~han that o~ the ~onventionally coate~l stock ~ Sample 2 ) .
The data in ~able 2 wa~ alst~ obtained using a slip and friction test~r. As can be seen, th~3 KCOF of the stock coated with the coating of the present invention ( Sampl~ 3 ) was lower than that of the untreated stock ~Sample 1) and tha con~rention~lly tr~a~d stock (Sampl~ 2).
~he data in ~able 3 was ob~ained in Rcaordance wlth ~tandard scotch tape test techni~ues ukillzlny 3 Sct)tch 811 brand tape, suc:h as desaribed in Ullited State~
Patent Mo. 5,017,~16, incorporated herein by reXerenae~
aan be se~n, ~on~r adhe~ion ~or the s~ock coated with th~
coating o~ the pre~;ent invention (Sample 3) was better than that o~ the unt:reated stock ~ Sampla 1 ) and the c:onYent~onally coated stock ~ Sample 2 ~ .
Furthe:r testing, the r~sults of which are provided ~elow in Tab~e 4, indic:a~e ~hat best rQsul~s may be obtained utilizing a co~ing cont~ining (dry wt.
perc~nt) 50 p~rc:ent of the disperslon of Ex~laple 1 ( hereina~ter "rosin ester disper3~;ion~ percerlt Rhoplex-N495, and 20 p~rc~nt filler clay. q~is provid~ a cc>ating having gr~atly enhanced ~oner retention and lower lcinetic and ~tatic coe~f icisnts of ~riction a~ co~pared to uncoated paper and conven~ionally coa~e~ paper. ~:n each ca~3e, the c~ating wa~ applied u~3ing Meyer rod; ~ an ,.~ , .
, , ,. . .

, ~08~6~ 3 aqueous dispersion containing 10 percent solid~ to one side of a 99 lb sized stock at a coating weight of lb/side/3000 ~t2. The rosin ester dispersion was mada in accordance with Example 1, excapt whare the EV~ was omitted (indicated below). ~he dispersio}~ without EVA wa~ made in accordance with ~xample 3.

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2 0 ~ 3 ~1~

Table 4 % by weiqht of_coatingL ~dry) Toner Adhesion SCOF~KCOF
Rhpplex- Rosin Çl~Y l~
N~95 est~r Ico~entlon~l~ 60 0 40 87.7 .415/.351 54 10 36 93.6 .407/.306 g~.4 .3~3~.274 ~r~d~ 30 50 2V 94.1 .3a9/.238 O ~00 0 92.5 .333/.262 ~wn~n~lo~l~ 65 0 35 89~7 .3B2J.319 ~ 65 35 90.6 .333/.254 93.4 .322/~255 91.5 .306/.~9 O 65* 35 86.8 ~32S/.258 40* 35 89.1 .299/.238 3~* 35 ~808 .330/.272 ( UI~CoDt~
con~ol~ O O ~ 45.0 .373/.291 * EVA omitted An exampl~ of the ef~ect of the coating weight on toner adhesion and the coefficients of ~riction i~ shown in ~able 5. In each case, the coating waæ applied using ~eyer rods as an aqueous di5persion containing 10~ ~olid~ to two s~d~s o~ a 99 lb s~zed stoak at the coating weight6 indicated.
The ro~in ~t~r disperslon in ea~h case was made in accor~anco with ~xample 1, except where the F.VA was omitted (indicated below). 'rhe dispersion withou~ EVA was made in accor~ance with Example 3.

' 2~9~.~3 Table 5 % by weight of coating (dry) Coat wt.
(lb~si~e/ Tone~/ SCOF/
3000 ft2) adhesion ~ KCQF
5Rhoplex- Ro~in ~
N495 ester di~-per~lon ~co~ntlon~1) 65 0 35 1 89.7.578J.387 6~ o 35 2 9~.9.80~/.479 ~0~l~ 25 40 35 l 92.7.332~.253 2~ 40 35 2 34.3.521/.302 40* 35 1 8~.1.299/.238 40* 35 2 92.6.343/.271 (uno~t~d ~on~ol) O O 0 0 45Ø373/~91 ~ EVA omitted The us~fulness of several different latex polymers with the rosin ester mixture of the present invention was investigated by testing the toner retention and coe~ficients of friction for coatings prepar~d with dif~erent polymer~ with and without the rosin ester dispersion. The measured toner retention (~R) and coefficients v~ frlctivn ~COF~KC0~ ~re shown ln Table 6.
The change in toner retention (~ ~) and the change in ~tatic coe~fiai~n~ o~ ~riction (~SCOF) and kinetic coe~ici0~t o~ ~riction (~KC0~) are shown in Table 7. In Tab.Le~ 6 and 7, testæ w~re conducted with coating~ having, by waight~ 35% clay and ~5~ o~ the polymer indicated li.e.
no ro~in e~ter diæp2r~ion) an~ coatingæ having 35~ clay, 60~ of the pol~er indicated, and 5% o~ the rosln ester dispersion o~ Example 1.

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2 ~ 3 ~e 6 Toner Retention ( 94R ~ ancl COF of various polymer coatings 5 Coating Coat Wi~h 5% Withou~
[ 3596 cl~y Weight rosin ester ro~in ~ster +( 65~ ~ #/3000~ diæpersion dispersion ps~lymer ) %R SCC)F~KCOF %R SCOF/KCOF
10 or ( 60~
polymer +5% rosin ester dispersion) ]

Synthemul 40551 l 82 . 9 . 439/~ 293 80 . O . 478/ . 356 2 91 . 4 . 437J . 275 89 . O . 642/ . 408 20 Goodri.t~
1800x73 1 86 . O . ~10~ . 299 82 . 2 ~ 500~ . 36g 2 ~0 . 8 . 479/ . 3~1 9~ . 1 . 7~9/ . 469 Airf lex 2 4~14 1 80 . 3 . 35~ . 280 78 . 6 0 409/ . 3 20 2 89 . 7 . 333/ . 264 90 . 3 . 466/ . 35 Airf lex 1~0 ~S 1 '78 . 6 . 413/ . 303 ~0 . 4 . Dt27/ ~ 348 ~ 86 . 9 . D~47/ . 29î 81 ~ 7 . 4g6/ . 373 Dow 620NA l 87 ~ 4 . 364/ . 287 85 .1 . ~86/ . 365 93.O .g3~/.255 91.5 .5~ 35 Ful~er PD0~2 1 62 . ~ . 375/ . 277 54 . 1 . ~32/ ~ 338 2 63 . 7 . 371/ . 278 52 . 3 . 462/ . 35~
Rhoplex N-495 1 88 . 7 . 5~8/ . 355 87 . O . 604~ . 442 2 ~3 . O . ~22/ . 319 9~ . 1 . 736/ . 466 40 ~

2~8~
~bl~ 7 Ef f ect of Coating Additive on Toner Retentiorl and COF

Coating 35% clay ~ ( ~5% Coat ~ ~ ~
10 rosin ester Weight %R* SCOF* KCOF*
polymer ) ( #/3000 ) or ( 60%
polymer ~5% rosir 15 est~r dispersion) _ _ _ Syntllemul 40551 ` 1 ~2, 1 -O . 039 -0~. 063 2 ~2 . 4 -O . 205 -O . 133 Goodrit~?
1800x73 1 ~3 . 8 -û . 090 -O . 070 2 +0 ~ 7 -O . 240 -~ . 158 Airflex 4814 1 +1.7 -0.05& -0.040 2 -O c 6 --O . 133 -O . 0~0 Airf lex 100 HS 1 ~1. 8 -O . 014 -O . 045 2 +5 . 2 0 . 04g -O . 082 Dow 620NA 1 ~2 . 3 -O .122 -O . 078 2 ~1 . 5 -~ . 108 -O . 1~0 Fulle~ PD062 1 ~8 . 7 -O . 057 -O . 06ï
2 ~11 . 3 -O . ~91 -O . 0~1 :Rhoplex N-495 1 ~l o 7 -O . 076 -O . 0~7 2 ~0 . 9 -O . ~14 -O . 147 *~ = the differencs between a coating with and a coating without the rosin ester di~persion Thus, as c:an be ~an from the re~ults, thç~ ro~in e~ter dispersio~ may be utili~ed with various polymers to provide the desired result~.
q'he foregoing descriptic)n relates to certain embod~m2nts o 50 the pres~nt inv~ntion, and modific:atiolls or alterations may b8 made without departi ng fro~ the spirit and ~cope of the invention as defined in thP following claims.
The disp~rgion o~ the pre~ent inven~ on is al~o useful a~ a barrier coating. The ~ollowing Exar~ple 8 demon~;ltrates the usefulness of the pre~;en~ inver~tion in this capacity.

2~,96~3 ~2~
Kraft stock havinq a weiyht o~ 50 lb~3000 ft is coated with the dispersion of Example ~. The coating is dried at 230F ~or 30 seconds to a coating welght of 7.4 lbs/3000 ft2. The water vapor 5 transmission rat~ through the coated s~ock is 31 grams/(100 in2 _ 24 hours) vs greater than 100 grams/(100 in2 _ 24 hours) for the uncoated stock.

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Claims (11)

1. An aqueous dispersion for use in adhesives and coatings, comprising a maleated rosin ester, a wax, and an emulsification promoter.

2. The dispersion of Claim 1, wherein said maleated rosin ester comprises a pentaerythirol ester of rosin adducted with maleic anhydride.

3. The dispersion of Claim 1, further comprising an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.

4. The dispersion of Claim 1, wherein the wax comprises a wax selected from the group consisting essentially of petroleum and synthetic waxes.

5. The dispersion of Claim 1, wherein the emulsification promoter is a tertiary amino alcohol.

6. The composition of Claim 5, wherein the tertiary amino alcohol is N,N dimethylethylanolamine.

7. A coating for reducing the frictional resistance of a substrate, said coating comprising:
an aqueous dispersion of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, a wax, a maleated rosin ester, and an emulsification promoter.

8. The coating of Claim 7, wherein said coating composition further comprises a latex.

9. The coating of Claim 7, wherein said dispersion further comprises a clay.

10. A low friction coating which is useful for ion deposition printing, said coating composition comprising an aqueous dispersion of an ethlene-vinyl acetate copolymer, a wax, a maleated rosin ester, and an emulsification promoter.

11. The coating of Claim 10, wherein said aqueous dispersion further comprises a latex comprising a polymer lattice selected from the group comprising acrylic lattices and styrene butadiene lattices.