CA2079760A1

CA2079760A1 - Plant growth regulator compositions

Info

Publication number: CA2079760A1
Application number: CA002079760A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Thomas Denny O'neal
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: BASF Corp
Priority date: 1991-10-04
Filing date: 1992-10-02
Publication date: 1993-04-05
Also published as: ZA927588B

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present invention provides plant growth regulator compositions and associated methods which provide increased yield.
The composition is an effective amount of a mixture of (A) an N,N-dimethyl-piperidinium salt and (B) indole acetic acid, indole acetic acid derivatives, naphthalene acetic acid, naphthalene acetic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof.

Description

79~

4BAC~GROUND_QF T~E ~NV~NTION
1. Field of the Invention 6 The present invention relates to compositiorls for regulating 7 plant growth regulators which comprise an effective mixture o~ (A) ~ N,N-dimethyl piperidinium salts and (~) indole acetic acid, indole 9 acetic acid derivatives, naphthalene acetic acid0 naphthalene acetic acid derivatives and mixtures thereof.
11 2. Backqround of the Prior Art 12 Plant growth regulators affect the physiology of plant growth 13 and influence the natural rhythm of a plant. More specifically, 14 plant growth regulators may, for example, reduce plant height, stimulate seed germination, induce ~lowering, darken leaf coloring, 16 minimize lodging of ceraals, slow grass growth on lawns, reduce 17 boll rot and provide better boll retention in cotton.
lB The plant growkh regulator, known trivially as mepiquat 19 chloride, is generally used to control various aspects of cotton boll growth. See, for example, Khafaga, Anqew, Botanik 57, 257-21 2~5 ~1983); Sawan et al., J. Ag~onomy & ~la~t Science, 154, 120-128 22 ~1985); U.S. Patents 3,905,798 and 4,447,255~
23 Auxins, such as indole acetic acid (IAA) and related natural 24 or synthetic analogues, such as naphthalene acetic acid (NAP.~), have been used as growth regulators, however, they have had mixed 26 results, particularl~, when used on cotton. Application of auxins .

.

^3 '7 ` ten causes endogenous generatiorl o~ ethylene which tends to 2 decrease f ruit retention and yield .

3 In spite o~ these disclosures, there is a need for plant 4 growth rsgulator compositions which provide increased or more consistent yield enhancement and further enhance early maturity.

7 The present invention has met the above-described needs by 8 providing compositions and methods which increase yield enhancement 9 and further enhance early maturity, particularly in applica~ions of the plant growth regulator compositions of th~ present invention on 11 cotton.
12 The preferred plant growth regulators include a plant: growth 13 regulating mixtur~ of (A) N,N~dimethyl piperidinium salts and (B) 14 indole acatic acid (~IAA`'), IAA derivatives, naphthalene acetic acid ~"NAA"j and NA~ derivatives, and mixtures thereof.
16 More praferably, component (A) is the group consisting of 1,1-17 dimethyl-3,4-dehydropiperidinium bromide, 4-chloro-1,1-dimethyl 18 piperidinium bromide, 1,1-dimethylhexahydropyridazinium bromide, ~9 and l,1 dimethylpiperidinium chloride and component tB) is selected from the group consisting of indole acetic acid, naphthalene acetic 21 acid, indole butyric acid, alpha naphthyl acetic acid, 2-22 naphthyloxyacetic acid, naphthaleneacetamide and l-naphthylacPtic 23 acid.
24 It is an object of the present invention to provide an ~griculturally acceptable plant yrowth regulator composition whlch 26 provides increased or more consistent yield enhancement and/or '. :
: ' ~ , . ~ ... . ' ...

1,hanced early maturity.
2These and other objects of the present invention will be more 3fully understood from the following description of the invention.
4DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF T~E PREFERRED ~R01)IMENTS
5As used herein, the term "agriculturally acceptabl~l' includes 6agricultural, industrial and residential use.
7As used herein, "plant growth regulator" or l'regulation"
8includes the following plant responses: inhibition of cell 9elongation, for example reduction in stem height and internodal lOdistance, strengthening of the stem wall, thus increasing the 11resistance to lodging; compact growt~l in ornamantals for the 12economic production of improved quality plants; promotion of better 13fruiting; increasing the number of ovaries with a view to stepping 14up yield; promotion of senescence of thè formation o~ tissue 15enabling fruit to absciss; defoliation of nursery and ornamental 16bushes and trees for mail-order business in the fall, defoliation 17of trees to interrupt parasitic chains of infection; hastening of 18ripening, with a view to programming the harvest by reducing the 19harvest to one to two pickings and interrupting the food-chain ~or 20injurious ins~cts.
21As used herein plant growth regulator compositions include 22both package and tank mix compositions.
Z3The present invention comprises plant growt,h regulator ~4compositions comprising an agriculturally and plant growth 25regulating effective amount of a mixture of (A) an N,N-dimethyl-26piperidinium salt and (B) indole aoetic acid, indole acetic acid .. . . .
., . ., ; , .

. ~J '~
~ ` 2 ~

1 rivatives, naphthalene acetic acid, naphthalene acetic acid 2 derivatives, or mixtures thereof.
3 I'he new compositions have improved action, particularly in 4 cotton plants Specifically, these new compositions show a better yield response.
6 Preferred component (A) plant growth regulators include salts 7 vf the formula.

9 ~ X~
N
11 H~C ~ R
12 where R is methyl or ethyl; X is the anion of an inorganic or 13 organic, but not phytotoxic acid, preferably bromide or chloride, 14 and A is a chain of 4 or S methylene gr~ups, which chain may be lS substituted by chloro, bromo, methyl, chloromethyl, bromome~hyl, 16 hydroxymethyl, and methylene, or which chain containing one or two 17 double bonds, or A is the chain -(CH2)n NH-, where n is 3 or 4, 18disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,905,798 and hereby incorporated by 19 reference.
20Preferred examples of component (A) include 1,1-dimethyl-3,4~
21 dehydro-piperidinium bromide, 4-chloro~ dimethyl- piperidinium 22 bromide, 1,1-dimethylhexahydxopyridazinium bromide and 1,1-23 dimethyl-piperidiniu~ chloride. The most preferred plant growth 24 regulator is l,1-dimethyl-piperidinium chloride, also known as N,N-dime~hylpiperidinium chloride or mepiquat chloride. This product 26 is commercially availab}e under the registered trademark Pix~ (BASF
27 AG, Germany).
28Suitable Component (B) compounds include indole acetic acid .~ , , .

~3 2 ~ 7 ~

1 ~ AA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), indole butyric acid (IBA), 2 alpha naphthyl acetic acid (NAO), 2-naphthyloxyacetic acid (NOA), 3 naphthaleneacetamide (NAD) and l-naphthylacetic acid ~NAA). The 4 most preferred component (B) i~ NAAo For a given plant growth r~gulator composition, th~ skilled 6 artisan will readily arrive at a composition havin~ the optimum 7 ratio of the ingredients by routine experimentation~ However, for 8 example, in order to prepare the compositions of the present 9 invention, from about 0.001 to about 0.25 pounds~acre/season of component (A) is thoroughly mixed with about 0.0001 to about 0.25 11 pounds/acre/season of component ~B). More preferably, about 0.00l 12 to about 0.25, and most preferably, about 0.005 to about 0.15 13 pounds/acre/season of component (A~ is mixed with the more 14 pre~erable range of about 0.0001 to about 0.15 pounds/acre/season of component (B).
16 The number o~ applications and concentrations per season may 17 vary from one to as many as needed, however, it is preferred to 18 apply the composition about 2 to about 7 times per season. To 19 obtain the desired concentration of active inqredients, the grower divides the number of applications needed by the total seasonal 21 application xate. An example of application rates can be seen in 22 Ta~le 1~ The rate of application is in pound~/acre.

24 No. of Appls. PIX MAA
1 0.005 - 0.1320.0001 - 0.10 26 2 0.002~ - 0.0660.00005 - 0.05 27 3 0.0017 0 04~0.00~033- 0.033 2~ 4 0.00125- 0.0330.0000~5- 0.025 ~, ~7~
1 The ratio of the active ingredients in the present invention 2 may vary widely within wide limits, depending upon conditions.
3 The compositions of this invention may be prepare~, for 4 example, by adding, in any order, the various components o~ the composition of the present invention. For example, one may start 6 with a commercial ~ormulation of mepiquat chloride, which is an 7 aqueous concentrate containing 0.35 pounds per gallon of mepiquat 8 chloride (4.2%) by weight. Thereafter, in any order, one mixes 9 suitable amounts of component (B) and any optional adjuvants or ingredients. Water may be optionally employed in any amount 11 desired.
12 The above plant growth regulator composition may then be 13 dispersed in water and sprayed onto plants according to the method 14 of the present invention. ~or example, spray volumes useful in the present invention range from about 0~5 pint/acre to about 100 gallons/acre, and more prefera~ly, from about 0.5 pint/acre to abut 17 20 gallons/acre.
18 While the ratios of the concentrations of the various 19 components of the present invention hereinafter suggested, those skilled in the art will recognize that minor variations may be 21 necessary to accommodate particular characteristics of acceptable 22 plant growth regulators which may be employed in this invention.
23 In general, for example, component ~A) will contain from about 0 1 24 to about 98%, and preferably from about 0.5 to about 98% by weight of active ingredient.
26 The amount of water which is employed to prepare the , ~ ~ 7 ~
1 ncentrate or final applic~tion concentration, as in a spray, is 2 adjusted as necessary. The concentrate and/or final composition 3 may also be a dry formulation.
4 In addition to the above-described components, the compositions of the present invention may also include other 6 ingredients or adjuvants commonly employed in the art.
7 Examples of such ingredients include drift control agents, 8 defoaming agents, preservatives, surfactants, fertilizers, 9 phytotoxicants, herbicides, pesticides, insecticides, fungicides, wetting agent~, adherents, nematocides, bactericides, trace 11 elements, synergists, antidotes, mixtures thereof and other such 12 adjuvants well known in the plant growth regulator art.
13 However, it is preferred to employ the compositions of the 14 present invention along with sequential treatment~ with these other components for optimal effect.
16 The compositions nf the present invention may be applied to 17 above ground portions of plants. The application of liquid and 18 particulate solid plant growth regulator composition~ to above 19 ground portions of plants may be carried out by conventional methods, for example, boom and hand application, including sprayers 21 or duster~. The composition may be applied aerially as a spray, if 22 desired. The mixtures of the present invention are preferab:Ly used 23 in the form of aqueous solutions. The mixtures are app}ied in a 24 conventional manner, for example, by spraying, atomizing, watering or disinfecting seed.
26 The compositions o~ the present invention may be applied for . .
.
.~ . - . .
: . . ~

1 nstanca, in the form of directly spxayable solutions, powders, 2 suspensions (including high-percentage aqueous, oily or other 3 suspensions), dispersions, emulsions,oil dispersions, pastes, 4 dusts, broadcasting agents, or granules by spraying, atomizing, dusting broadcasting or watering. The forms of application depend 6 entirely on the purpose for which the compositions are being used.
7 In any event, they should ensure a uniform distribution of the 8 active ingredients in the composition.
9 For the preparation of solutions, emu:Lsions pastes and oil dispersions to be sprayed direct, mineral oil fractions of medium 11 to high boilinq point, such as kerosene or diesel oil, further 12 coal-tar oils, and the like, and oils of vegetable or animal 13 origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons such as 14 benzene, toluene, xylene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes and their derivatives such as lower (1-4 16 carbons) alcohols, chloroform, carbon ~etrachloride cyclohexanol, 17 cyclohexanone, chlorobenzene, isophorone, and the like, and 18 strongly polar solvents such as dimethylformamide, dimethyl 19 sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, water and the like are suitable.
Aqueous formulations may be prepared from emulsion 21 concentrates, pastes, oil dispersions or wettable powders by adding 22 water. To prepare emulsions, pastes and oil dispersions the 23 i~gredients as such or dissolved in an oil or solvent ~ay be 2~ ho~ogenized in water by means for wetting or di~p~lng agents, ad~er~nts or emulsifiers. Concentrates which a~ suitable for Z6 dilut~on with waker may be prepared from active ihbredients, - ~

. . .

7 ~ 7 ~ ~

1 tting agents, adherents, emulsifying or dispersing agents and 2 possibly solvent or oil.
3 Examples of surfactants include alkali metal, alkaline earth 4 metal and ammonium salts of ligninsulfonic acid, napthalenesulfonic acids, phenosulfonic acids, alkylaryl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, 6 and alkyl sulfonates, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts 7 of dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, lauryl ether sulfate, fatty 8 alcohol sulfates, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts of 9 ~atty acids, salts of sulfated hexadecanols, heptadecanols, and octadecanols, salts of sulfated fatty alcohol glycol ether, 11 condensation products oE sulfonated naphthalene and naphtAalene or 12 napthalenesulfonic acids with phenol and formaldehyde, 13 polyoxyethylene octylphenol ethers, ethoxylated isooctylphenol, 14 ethoxylated octylphenol and ethoxylated nonylphenol, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, tributylphenol polyglycol ethers, alkylaryl 16 polyester alcohols,isotridecyl alcohols, fatty alcohol ethylene 17 oxide condensates, ethoxylated castor oil, polyoxyethylene alkyl 18 ethers, ethoxylated polyoxypropylene, lauryl alcohol polyglycol 1~ ether acetal, sorbitol esters, lignin, sulfite waste liquors, silicone based surfactants and methyl cellulose.
21 Powders, dusts and broadcasting agents may be prepared by 22 mixing or ~rinding the active ingredients with a solid carrier.
23 Granules, for example, coated, impregnated or homogeneous 24 granules, may be prepared by bonding the active ingredients to solid carriers. Examples of sol.id carriers are mineral earths such 26 as silicic acid, silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, Attaclay, :: ,. .
..
.
., . , : ., 7 ~

1 mestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous 2 earth, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground 3 plastics, fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, 4 ammonium nitrate, and ureas, and vegetable products such as grain flours, bark meal, wood meal, and nutshell meal, ce~lulosic 6 powders, and the like.
7 The action of the compositions of the present invention 8 are optimal even at low application rates. It is preferred that the compositions of the present invention he applied by means of a Low Rate Multiple ~LRM) application. As used herein, "L~M
11 application" means periodic applications at lower doses of the 12 co~position. This method of application is most preferred since 13 under some conditions a single does at a higher rate may "shock"
14 the plant. This method allows the grower to fine tune the growth of the crop by controlling the dose o~ the composition to suit 16 particular environmental or varietal conditions. The compositions 17 may be reapplisd if needed depending upon the metabolism of the 18 composition by a particular crop or if biodilution of the 19 composition has occurred.
The following examples serve to illustrate the invention and 21 should in no way be construed as limiting the scope thereof.

23 The compositions of the present invention were tested on 24 cotton plants in various locations (A-D) to determina relative seed cotton yield. Location C was conducted in drought conditiorls. The 26 check/control was 100. Some o~ the compounds or com~ositionæ were "''' ' . .

,: . . .. .

' -' 7 ~ ri' ~ ~

1 plied four times beginning at match h~ad square and every 7 to 14 2 days thereafter. The results of this t.est are shown in Table 2.
3 Table 2 shows the yield of cotton treated with naphthalene 4 acetic acid (NAA) alone and in combination with mepi~uat chloride (PIX~)~

8 0.0004X4 0.0013~4 O.OOO~X4 0.0013X4 0.035~X4 9 ~ ELX_ _ ~ PIX _ _ A 103.9 106.3 107.9109.4 103.9 11 B 105.1 106.1 lO9ol98.0 104.0 12 C 125.6 95.9 104.7112.2 117.5 13 D 103.7 114.8 111.6 14 As can be seen from the above results, th~ mixture of mepiquat chloride and NAA showed increased seed cotton yield.
16 Whereas particular embodiments o~ the invention have been 17 described above for purposes of illustration, it will be 18 appreciated by those skilled in the art that numerous variations of 19 the details may be made without departing from the invention as described in the appended claims.

, ~ .

:~

Claims

1. A plant growth regulator composition comprising an effective amount of a mixture of:
(A) an N,N-dimethyl-piperidinium salt; and (B) indole acetic acid, indole acetic acid derivatives, naphthalene acetic acid, naphthalene acetic acid derivatives, or mixtures thereof.

2. The composition of claim 1 wherein component (A) is selected from the group consisting of 1,1-dimethyl-3,4-dehydropiperidinium bromide, 4-chloro-1,1-dimethylpiperidinium bromide, 1,1-dimethyl-hexahydropyridazinium bromide, and 1,1-dimethylpiperidinium chloride.

3. The composition of claim 2 wherein component (A) is 1,1-dimethylpiperidinium chloride.

4. The composition of claim 1 wherein component (B) is selected from the group consisting of indole acetic acid, naphthalene acetic acid, indole butyric acid, alpha naphthyl acetic acid, 2-naphthyloxyacetic acid, naphthaleneacetamide and 1-naphthylacetic acid.

5. The composition of claim 4 wherein component (B) is phthalene acetic acid.

6. The composition of claim 1 wherein about 0.001 to about 0.25 pounds/acre/season of component (A): and about 0.0001 to about 0.25 pounds/acre/season of (B) is applied.

7. The composition of claim 1 wherein said composition includes drift control agents, defoaming agents, preservatives, fertilizers, phytotoxicants, herbicides, pesticides, insecticides, fungicides, and mixtures thereof.