CA2070554A1 - Amphibian aircraft - Google Patents

Abstract

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to an amphibian aircraft incorporating a hydrodynamic system formed by three floats wherein the first two floats are attached of a fuselage leading portion symmetrically to the aircraft axis and the third float is attached to a fuselage trailing portion along the aircraft axis of symmetry. The distance between the floats renders it possible to place a trailing float out of the zones of the water surface disturbed by hydroplaning is shifted behind the steps of the bottoms of the is ading floats to the trailing portion of the fuselage.

Description

1~?~ 312: 2~! 1C~ CI~JC~ r~ .t~ 007 0g .,~ . ~ ' ~ ~ ~ 2 ~ 7 o ~ 5 4 I ~ r i -~ h~ pro~ont ln~nt~o~ r~ e~ to ~lyi~; vehioles,~' Qr~ parti¢ularl~ to ~n ~mphibi~ ~iror~:~t, ; Teoh~iGa~ ~el~
$V~ propo~ed ~:~v~ntion o~r~ be ~d~A~t~ ou~ly ~ t . ~ 1 Ln ~h~ ~anuf`~otur~s o~ ~ amphi~i~r, ~rcra~
h~droplaning boàt~, oat~qr~ni~, and oth~ ra~t ~ ~
c~rp,o:~tln~ ~ hydrodyt~ar~ y~et~ ~or~ed by thx~ei ~
. ~ ' I S, '1~ ~ F'rior ~t ~ Amphibi~n ~ircr~1i o~ riou~ des~g~ ~re ~h~r ~ Y k~own L ~
H~w~x, thel~ rsl~3n~ ctUr~s ~nd opS~ ion ~re r~t~
d~ ue to th~ e~i3tln~ pxoblenl~ r~ od to ~a~e ke-oi~ a~d landlt~r,. j:
.,O~e o~ ~he prob~ems ls th,s ~orm~bion o~ ~he ~e~ ~ un~tabl,~ mot:io~, c~ua~d by tho co~taot l~t- ~ l i ~ ~ a. tra~li~ poxtion o~' tihe ~'u~el~e bot;tio~ a,~d ! i ~ ~ a~e~r su~aao disJGurb~d by le~ding ~lo~ta o.r by i a~ ep o:~ l;he ~lr~ri~m~ whe~ th~ ~ir~Rtlls aervei~ i . ~ o~h~r probl~ r~la t~i~ to tho ~o~a~i<)n o~
. ~ l~ tnom~llt cau~ed by t~e loc~tion o:~ ~3n ~ir~
: ~ ~ p~opulsion s;~.t~:m hi B~ ~bovs ~u~el~ or ~ w~n~

3 r- ~? . A~,~ S t 3g-'-2çl5-2æ l2:3l3 Torgo~)o-prorrl~h I .~2~ t~ 007 0g5 230 27 67 ~ 05 ;t~ r ~2 ~. i i ~i~ 2~7~554 ~
! ~ ~l2il, i~
~ ~ ~t~ i s2 i ~ / i~, the pro~e~ti.on o~ ~Sh~ Y;y~ 9n ~ro~ ~I wqter ~s tho mo~2~3nt o~ an ~irox~ wab,~ tak~3-o~
-lqnding .
Known ln the ~rt i~ ar~2 ~nlphible2~ or~1i which ', ~

2,25~ O22~22t ~y~ 2oun~t;ed :~U~ s~;~ con,~lecst~2sd witiks ~ s~
~i` w~ q~2d c2,arryi~ h,r2xizo~bal ~s~ v,~r~ic~1 tail~ with e!~ator ~nd ~ ~udd,sr- Ish,s ~iro~a~ equ~pped i p3~ ~rop~ller~ d retx~ot;~blo l~ndi~ r~ !
. !Phe ~loa~ s,y~ om o~ ~h,~ a1ror,~X~ ~o~pxi~es , !
a~ ed bodle,~ with hydropl~n~; bo~toms at~ached ! t b~ ~he: qid~s ~snd bo~to,~ o~ us~el~,~o ~nd ,~ep~r~ted i ~, a~h othex ~y an op~n groov~ runn~ alo~g the ~1 th ~f a :~u~elage ~o~to~. Their ~nw~rd ~ld~-I ~eorm ~h~p ed~ he plao~ o~ eir ~ cro~ 1, ,~5~tto~6 0~ r~mli~e~ ~odle~t (See, ~O~ x~mple, 9~574 VJe8~ G~xm~r~y Pa1;~n~, Bt~4c35~ ssu~d j r 2.. ~ o, ! , . ~ !, oh ~ desig~ doe~t not ~ in~e t~o ~orm~tion t ~o. æones o~ untt~ble slobi o~ duxl~ t;he Rlx~cra~t mo-2~ ~ v~m~ ~t ~long the water ~tur~'ace, whi~h ~re ~3u~ed ~y t ~ ~e~ ~pXIay ~tlli~g fxoln ~he ~tteps o~ the t~tx~e~m~
bodles, thut3 tra~ferr~g ~he a~tturba~cte e bot",t~o~ o~ ~ho tr~llir~ poxt~ ~n ~ th~ lair~
~$. Owin~ to ~he ~ett~e re~o~ ~ fitub~n~M11 ohar~
.~ ol~ ~e a~le~t ~ n qircra~t l1~01i~Q~l ln ~h~ prbc~
~ 3 ~ 3~: ~, ' ~ i -lg~ 11 Tnr~:lcloc~ l clrrly~ t~ 007 0g5 ~30 ~7 67 P,0~
2 ~ 70 ~ 5 4 j ; ~ , Eîi tartirl~ aaa~leration i~ obsorv~d. ~ ¦
B~ides, op~ratioll o:~ qn a~ora~b o~ ~uch ~ ~ype ~.
, `~ ~ Iob ~re~ ~rom the ~o~ma~iion o~ a high dlvin~ mome~t i d by the loc~l;iion o:e the ~i~oxR~b propul~ion ,, 3iD hi~h above ~h~ ~ircsreift oen~ o:e ~sr~,Vi~iy, i ~
~ 7he ~o~t similt~r to the propv3~3d ~v~1;ion i~ . ~.
j ~ $ ~ign o:~ an an!tphibi~n qi~ax~if~ ~corporsitin~ a "
, ~ ul`$io~ sy~tio~ a fu~el~ge ~ whi~h o~ o~ wi~æ~
r~oal a~d horiibonti~l ~ails ~.d ha ~ th~oe ~lo~
hydrop:Lan~l~ bo~itom~ 3 lower portion, "
i ~ w~two o~ v.lhiah ~re ~t~ach~d to the li~adl~lg po~
t~o~ th~ u~la~e sy~nnle~ioally ~io ~h~ verti~al I i d~l, plane ~ihareo~ ,nd ~a,vo tiheir inw~d sldo ', i w~acin~ o~oh o~h~r, G,~d ~h~ ~hird o~e i~ loo~ d I, i ~5~ t~e tr~illln~ porblon ~o, th~t ~ts ~or~-~,nd~ t , . in thi~ pl~n~" (S~e, ~or ~ m,F~le g ~ ~
r~oushio~ vehic,l~s" by Belavin M,I.l p~146, Su- r b~o~nl~ Pul~lish~x~, 1977), ~'hi~ ~r-cu~hion ~hiol~ l 1 ~ A~ u$p~d v~ith d~ w~n~ h~vin~: ~r~ ~; edgo With ¦ ¦
ward. 'r~h~ roo~ o~ th~ wi~ ~ 5 e~es I
s~f ~ th~ third ~r~ loat~
. `i ~ owev~r, ~he do~ign o:f th~ q~ror~-t ~ n~ free I f `*he ~hortoomin~:~ m~ioned ~bov~
! ~ r~t~on o:e the know~ ~r~ra~ is ~l~o ~o~i~1;ed ~ L
2$ ~ w~ ~h~ formation o~ ~ e ~o~ nstQblo mo~,ion .

I ~ S~ ;. ' S ~
~ ' t;
1;~

1 ~i'3--'-Ei5--8~ 31 Tc~r '-1'~ o -pr orrl~ h 1 p~ 1 ~t~ 007 0gS ~30 ~7 ~7 P . 07 Xi~ 2070~5~ j~
'~ ~' ' li i' S ' ! j, ~ I ~
~ b 1.' .~ ~ ~

~ d b~ ~he tJon~ao~ o~ ing t~ail~ ed~ vJlt;h th~ i i ¦ ~ YJ,~ Ge ~ dl s-~ur~ed by kh~ leadin~ hydroplaning l !
,o~. wh~oh ~g~in re~u:Lt.s ~n the ch~n~i~ o~ ~h~ ~ ' o~ ;he airara~t mo~ion and aav~r~ ti o~ , -e~,~din~ hydrop~ in~ 8 on ~he wi~ tr~lli~ 1 t ~ s ~ ~' on~equ~n1;1~ ~he s~e~y ~ t;he alrcxaI~ op~ra~ion ~, dua~a and i~ h~nclli~g g~ ao~pli~tod.
, ~ ,; 'Summary o~ ~he I~ven~lon 1~ ¦
i ,~ he main O~eG~ O:e ~he pxe~nt in~n~ion i~ the ion o:f ~n amphibian ~ ar~ hioh, C~UXill~ wa~er i ? ~ o~f an~ lan~;iLl~ ~ would b0 ~er~e ~om th~ :~orm~t;io~
i i ~ ~he zone~ o~ url~ta~le ~otlon u~dor a~l ~ho mod~
i c~ h~ propul~ion ~y9~em op~ratio~ and 1~ ca~ o~ tho I 5 ~ t'~ error in ~a~r ope~ion~
i ~ur~hor obaeob oi~ bh~ pro~ b ~r3v~bio~ i ~ cr~te an amphibi~ ~iror~t hav~ ho c~ei~tr~ 1 ~
1, ~ a~ y so loaa~d ~8 to sllmins~te th~ Io~ tlon j r.
~b~ ~ ~lvi~5~ moms~t durlng it~ ts~ka-o~ a~d ~i.~; I F
` Xt i~ o~her .ob jeo~ o~ vs~n~lon ~o improve s f t~ sa:~e~y o:~ a~ aircra:et oper~lon Qnd to make its 1 i lin~ e~sier. i t~ 1 !I?hese ob j~at~ ~ro a~t~l~ed i~ the propo~ed ~mphi~
~ p ~iror~ ~ Soo~pri~inL~ a ~op~l#io~ ~y~t~m~ a ~ L
;~s~ whi c h o a xrie ~ wi ~ te rt la a l ~d horl~ zo n~ ~ l i r 3 ~ , ~, I ~

To~ c,~ or~31,1.l~ t~ 17 ~1~5 ~3~1 ~7 i~7 P.l~
;! ~ 2 0 7 ~

. . ~ L
~ . É
:~ ~; ,,.c ( , j, ~ arld h~ ~;hr~e ~loat~ ~ith hydropl~ni~ bo~taim~
j ~ t~ lo~ve:~ portion o:E ~hich th~ ~ri~ two :el03t;~
hed to ~h~ po~ion o~ d :eu~el~$e tr~ally to it~ v~r~iaql~o~r~ pl~n~
h ~hoir ;Lnw~rd ciidew~ loci~t~d from aaoh oth~
~as ~ t~nc~ o~ more thi~n ~ ,nd ~ h~ width o~ E' .
the ~lo~t bo~toms, whlle th~ ~hird ol~e i~ I r hed to ~he tr~ilin~ portion ~o t tha~ f ore-flnd- I
x~ lies in ~h~ ~mm~try pl~ oIa 1;h~ ~u~el~e i i ;hi~ ird ~lo~l; i9 OU,'i; o:l~ the wa~er ~ur~o~ l l e~ urb~d by the ~lri~t t;wo ~oi~t~, t~ ~3ir- i 5 o~ oxltre of grav~y b~sin~ lo~ d hehina the ~tep~
. ~ d :~r~ two ~lo~t~
the pre~orred embodimen~ o~ t;hes in~erltion . ~' ~ $ ~ r~onable ~o prov~de the di~t~ alo~ ~h~ "
-I ~ nd-aît axiS~ be~ween the ~teSl? o~ the ~hlrd I~ O~ ~ IL
a~ ho~ o~ ~he :~irst ~wo ~lo~ of ~o les~i ~h~ 6-~o:l( i~
i w~ h of ~ ~ront ~lo~t bo~om ~d to pJ.ace the aix~
c~ntre o~ v~ty ~-t tho di~tance o~ mor~ ~ha~
> 0~0.5 ~ïoat bo~om width ~xo~ ~he ~eps o~ the ~irs-t I ~T~ ~f~t3~
In on~ o~e th~ w~rd ~i~ew~l~s of the l:~ir~t ¦ ,~
lo~ may b~ ~o~at~d ver~io~ . ' F
' ;` Ip another c~e ~id inw~rd ~d~w~ be i~li ~ 1 5~ . 5 ~ evo r, the i /~c l 1n~ t i o~ ~ ng1~ o~ ~ ~ idew~

I
i ' i; ~', i ~ . .` ,. ~' 13~32-~i5-~12:33Tcrqc~o-lJI-orr~ls~,l.pc~ t~ 007 0g5 230 ~7 ~7 P.0g 2 0 7 0 ~ ~ 4 ~ I J

1 ~

ol; e~oeed ~1~) degr0e~
`Bri~f Desorip~io~ o~ th~ Drawin~
I ~ p(~I.h~ ~ -~hfi~ h~A~ ~1r~
i ~ a~b will b~om~ moxe app~r~ m th~ p~ ul~ i ~
r~ption of th~ i~ventior). i~d th~ ~pp~nded d~wln~ '~i ~ n: .
i ~ ho~is ~ ~ront v~ J o~ ~ M~ora~ ~ccor- .
~ to bhe pxopo~ed ir~v~r~tlo~; 11 i ~ . 2 i~ ~ pl~ v~e~ ld amphlbi~n airara~t , ;. 3 is a sid~Z vlew o~ aia ,n~phibian ~xcr~t:i~t;;
Fi~s- 4 ahows the ~ene~l arr~n~em~ o~ leadir~
d~ t-r~lllr~ f`loa~rt o~ ~he ~r~r~ "
I ~ `, Fi~. 5 (a,b) qr~ r~spe~ ly b~ di~g~ama i~lu~t~
t~n~S th~ ~ai~ hydrod;~rna~ ha;~ e~ tio~ o:~ the r~t obt~in~d irl l;h~ o~urse o~ te6ts o~ ~ , 1 w~ h simi~r dy~ic p~o~er~e~; ~. `
- 1 . Fig. 6 (a,b) ~ho~v hydrodyrl~m~c oh~rao~erl~tlo~t , ..
, ~ g~ms ~ox ~he kn4wD~ t~p~3 o~ ~n ~phibian a~ror~It ' L
j ~ pr ~;he o~e aoaordl~ to ~he inv~tion.
j ~t~ t,` Ds6a~iptio~ o~ o ~31m~0d~me~t6 .
s ~t i~ t~ho~n i~ ir~r~ compri~0ta ¦~
, ,~ ~lo~t~d ~usel~ inclio~o~ ~ 1 wi~h ~ c~in i ! d~d~ ~n~2ular ~h~oud6 3 ri~,~dl~ ~t~c~h~d to ~he ~id~
. ~us~ e 1 fl~d oonr~ecl~od w~t;h ~ 4 dir~tly ~ t $; ~ h~ir upp~r port~io~ and ~ o~ ~h~ d3~.xu~ 5 s h ~ , I ~
I
. ~ .

.

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19'3-~'-El5-~S 12:34 Tc,l-clo~o-l:lrorllyshl .pc~ .tc-l 007 0~15 ~30 ~7 ~7 P. 10 ; ~ , 2070~ P

~ r j ~ c~: ! ?
~ h~ir low~r portlon. I~ d irl~lde ~he ~nnul~r 1 i ~ u~ ~ 3re englne~ 6 ad~P1ied :~or driv~n~ propeller.q ~ , ~ ~ine~ 6 ~nd propeller~ 7 ;~o~m ~ propul~ion ¦11 i ~ s~; wh~o}~ in sorlJunati~ )lth ~he Wit~;9 4~ provide~i i i ~ g of an ~ t.
~ C~ nnul~ir 3hroud~ 3 arf3 nl~in~y ~e~ ned ~or ~he i ~ e,~ o~ thei propul~on ~i~s~em :~xom ~iter ~pr~iy6 ~i i ~ uoed b~ ~he airoraft hydroplani,r~; on th~ Wfl t~
!, c ~ ~ The airor~t ~6 equ~pp~d w~th retr~a~blf3 l.~nding i ,r~. O ~d ~ h~ k~o~n do~;n c~ oh~d bc~a~h u~elag~ '1 no~ and t~I, r~3?eci~iv~l~. , Mounted on th~ ~trall~ g po~b~on o~ ~he ~ r~ie~la,~je~
~ k~ i ver~ioal t~ nd a ho~zon~il tail 1 1~ wh~rei l~t 1 ~5 ~ to the ~usel~e bot~om.i ig ,~ eirx~ sm~rlt OI i?~
I ~ ~;pl~Q ~iloelis 12, 13 ~nd ''-~ w~h h~dxopla~i~g bot~om3 ',~
. ~ diry~ ~or bh~ ~ircxa~ ~lo~ti~ af~d mov~m~ lo~$ i ~F
tf~X f~urf~ic"~- ~?loata 1~ ~d 13 c,onlpri~e Vi3~tJ~
~; ~(pp~ inolln~d ~no~ ex~eedi~ w,~rd ~ide~all~i 15 ~,~
h :~or~i ~harp edgi~ 17 ~t t~e poi~ e thei~ i~1ier~
! i ~~ wi~h hydroplRrlir~ ~o~o~ 16.
?~ Fi~. 2 ~howi~, that two ~ead~n~ ~oa~ 12 ~nd ~13 , } ~ t~i~ilar de~i~n ~or e~mpl~, o~ ~ pon~on ~yp~
i ~ loca1;ed i~ ~ront of a no~e 18 v~ ~he Iu~ela~a 1 ¦ ~5 i ih~ i~rr~n~d ~ trl~tr~call~ 1io i~ erti~l iJore~and ~ ?
i~ ~ ;~
~ ~ '!
t ~ . . .

l9Y--'--0 ~ r~ .--.4T~ v~ r~l~slll.p~.l~t~. 007 0~5 230 ~7 67 P,ll I~Y~-!, 2070~4 ! ~
a~o ~ r~he tr~ lo~ b~ o~ a pOIl~oo~; ¦
t~tall~d i~ 'u~ e 1 ~r~ portion h~ th~ fore~and~ ax~s o~ bhi~ ~loab 14~
in ~h~ verti~al f oro-a~d ~b pl~ o~ ~h~ ~u~-. The l~ngth o~ th~ dlr~ ~lo~t~ 1~ ar~d 13 ~ ~A
~ ;h~ xceeds th~ ler~th o~ ~he ~r~_~oat 14. I t i .,~ ex~ pl~ t i~ the le~th o~ k2e ~lo~t~ 12 ~nd 13 t~
to 4.5 ~, ~h~ o~ the tx~ lo~t; 14 is ~ h~ traili~g :~loat 14 is o~ ul~ller ¢r4~5~seati~
j ~ pomp~red to ~ho~e c:~ the l~ 0Qt~ 12 ~d 1 c~nsist~ o:~ a ~-br~mlitl~d bod~ res~bl~ a -brlan~:
ou~d~d aorner~
aid le~din~ float~ 12 and 13 I;o~ethe~ with ~he lo~t 14 ~orm threo p~ o~ OEuppor~ ~ pro~
a~ it was m~n1;io~ed a~oV~ ~he airura~t :~loa~bi I!
r with th~ ~ng~s 6 and pro~ 7 shul~-o~f a~d i o~ b~l~m~n~sd it. ~ ~howrl irl F~s. 3 ~h~ o~ta 12 t"
l 13 ar~ equip~d wi~h ~ ~t~ 19 a~taa~d to ~h~ ! T
o~` ~ hydropîanin~ bo1itom 16, ~d l;h~ ~ai~1 I ~b~ 14 h~ q ~p 2V whloh. ~eS~v~ or c~tbin~ ~ l~
r ~pray~ eamli~ing ~ho hyd~o~la~in~s hotto~ ii !, d ~lo~t~ 12 ~ '13 ~nd 1~.

.~

! I

-lg9~ r-i ~ Tc~ c,~ c,rlllJ~ 007 0~ ~30 27 ~7 P, 12 ~ 2~70~4 ~j~
! ~ ~- , 5 ~i 1i r I ~ ;11'' ` 1! i O~e of ~ ao~it impor~a~ ture~ o~ ~he p~opo ¦~
truotur~l ax~n~e~ o~ ~he ~rcr~ l.q ~he 5i ~ io~ of it~ ce~re 21 OI ~vl~ w~l~h ~hou~d be i ~ d ~ccordi~; ~o ~h~ i~vent~o~ to ~he t~aili~ I ~' io~ o~ tl~ usel~3~e 1 b~hl~d .~h~ a~ r~ry litl~ ~ ~
~e~o~i~g the BtepS 19 o:E ~h~ lead~ lo~ ')2 ¦ ~-~ ¦ @~i~ ,3 This ~h~Et i~ ta}cen vYi~hi~ th~ .s o~ ! ~
0,5 ~otto~n ~idth OI o~e o~ the ~loat~ 12 or 1~. i 1 ;,; In ~hi~ oa~e ~he :~`ol~lnationi o~ a div~n~ mom~nt :Exol ~l ' ~ adin~, ~loali~ in the oour~ o~ ~po~d aooel~a~ion ¦ ¦
j ~ s;e~m~n3ted, and hi~h ~r~abi~ity o~ the a~l~ o~
nti at ~he mome~ o~ w~er ll;~o~ and îandin~
~ Gh~eVe i ~ ;. ~ ~o elioinate ~h~ ~o:cma~:ion o~ ~he ~o~e~ o~ un~ab ~.
j ~b ~o~ion o~ aix~c~a:~t in th~ ~od~ o~ h~d~opl~ni~g l~
¦ ~ ~8~ n~oe~aary to I ollo-w the pro~o~tions of t~e par~- , ¦ ~: . ~c~r~ bl~hod ~o~ thc~ go~c~ E ~.hc~ 1 i j' ~ apd 'l~ ohoma~ically ~how~ ~n ~ .
~ AcaoI~dlng tio the iihven~ion, the d~t~E~ce bo~Ne~n ! ~ sidewall~ 15 OI th~ :~loa~s 1~ a~d 13 ~hou.ld b~ , j ~ ~ p~ a~ than 1 . 5 ~he bot1;om 1~ wid~h o~ the l~adirl~ ~.
j j 3~ '12 or 131 ~d the diatanc~ betwe~n the ~tep ,~( 1 3 i ~ ~ho ~,r~ g ~loat 14 ~lon~ the :~or~-and-a~t i nd th~ 6te~p 19 o:~ ~he le~d~rlg flo~ arld ~13 i~
ould b~ not l~ tharl 6~old bot~ 16 wid1ih OI .
! ~ Rdlllg ~ t 12 o~ 13;
~ , , i l ~ ~; n, ., J ~

7 0~5 ~:30 ~7 G7 P. 13 ; ` 2 ~ 7 0 ~ 5 . j .;~. ~ `I` i. .
~ i. , ~, !'~ $^i~
j ~ ~ 4 ~ h the~e proporti.on~ ~or ~he di~t;ance be~w~en j.
lo~t~ 1~, 17 a~d th~ tr~iling :~lo~ in oa~e ' l h~ ~iror~Ib hyd~oplan~ h~ ~eed ! l e~ that aorr~pondinæ to ~h~ max~mum h~d~ly~fl- I t~
o;. :~e~i~tanae~ ~hetraili~; ~lo~t 14 vv~ll b3 aub , ~ h~ zoned 22 and 2~ o~ bh~ wa-~ ;ux:f~a0~3 âi~ rbed 1.
le~t9 '12 a~d 17, ~nd in ca~o o~ ~loa~in~ , r ! 1 ~P~d i.e~ be~ro the hyd~opl~ g i6 inl~ia~ed~ i ~
t; ~ braiiil~ ~loat 1~ p~o~i~e~ ne~ ible ~al~in~
a~la~ o~ lihe aircr~t ~ovelaen~.
j ~ h~ ~es-bs OI an anlphib~n aircx~ odel ~ad~ i ~
aa~e h~s re~oalf3d ~ umb~r o~ ad~J~a~es i I
propo~ed airara~t, il~u~trated b~ the diagram ` ~ 5 (a,,b)0 I.
t ~15 ;~ ~ 'l'he di~ratn "~ t~t~ ~h~ d~e~d~a~3 o~ the i ~ les ~ o:~ moV~ment mea~u~ed in de~,reee ~a~ 0:~ ,, $ ~i~r~ ) upon the ~pe~d 1J' o~ ~he ~rc~ modf31 'I f f ~ e~ red in ~eter~t~`per ~oond (a~ o~ ab~ai~s) 9~; CUI'V/~l 24t`25 .~nd 2~, wher~ th~ ~u~ve ~ if~ I-~ ~2~ ge;~a~ed t'o the mot~on ~ith thf~ momer~.~ appl;Lod to the ¦ t j ~ îling p~r~ion o~ the mod~l7 ~h~ au~re 259 tio l;he ~ f 3 ~rio~i~n wi;~ ~ z~ro-~o~nent, a~ the curv~ 26, ~o th~
~ion with ~h~ ~om~nt applied ~o `the noRe Ipor~io~
~Ll~ v~ l.

I ~ ~ ., i I

I . .~, ~
i ~ ~'1'.'.' ~I'i '-Ei5~ "37 TOt- -IO~JO-PI-OrrIIIShl .p~l~ta 007 ElgS 230 ~7 ~7 P. 1~1 2 ~ 7 ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ ! ' .
1~ ~.S.'............................................ ~j,, 3 CUl`V~ W~l~t~ vl~ 5~ d~ ~n~
I ~ .values oX ~.h~ nlor~,t2,r.,ts a~plied ~o ~he no~o q.~d ~ ~! !
~ tr~ilin~; port~on o~ ,e ~,odel b~in~; 4.~ kg m i ~ . mS r~pectivoly.
,; tL`he dia~ m show~ h~t ~h~ ~ange o~ e ~n~
o~e~,en~ under ~uoh V.l~lUet9 c~ he mom,orlts ao~ers ~ t ne degr~e, whlle tha~ ~ox th~ l~nown ~phibian I l i ~ r~ft could be 5-~, de~;rees with ~ho s~m~ ~lrJ~ti~ht ' t hte. ~odel o~ 52 k~ and ~he sqm~ v~Lue~ of th~ .
nts appïi~d to the nose ~nd traiïing por~2Lon of ,h~ odel. ' ' , ~i 'I i ~ The dl~ram 'tb" showa the dependelloe OI the trac t~v~
¦ gl ~ stan~t~t X me~su~ed ~n kilo~ram~ (a~ oi' ordin~te~
I t ~n l;h~ speed ~ of the ~od~l ~eflsurcd irl meter~ per 11 ~ ~5 ~p~d (axi~ o~ ~bsoisaa~
~ Curv~ ~ 27 ~ 28 ~d ~!9 ~h.ow bhe oh~ ;e ~ the ! ~ otiYe. re~i~t~ce ur~d~r tih~ ~bo~e ~e.~blo~ d valuea ¦
bhe ~o~ent6 ~ppli~d to ~he ~xq.~l~ng portio~ oi l;he ~!` '4~'~;el' ~o~ pox~lo~ of ~ ~odel ~r~d fl zoro~omo~t~
i ~ u .Comp~ri~ ~h~ above ~e~ltione~ di~ra~ 0~3 C~
b~, th~ ~he lower is the arl@;le o~ movenlent, (~ I.
should be ~ocordin~ t,o ~h~ ~heory o~ hydroplar~in~) ~
$ ~ lower become~ the ~ra~l;i;ve re~i~ta~c~ X; tha~ i ¦
t t~wh,y the an~le~ o:~ hydropl~nirl~; in the propo~ed ~ f ' i5 ~odel were deo:cea~ed to 3 4 cle~ree~ owing to the 1~ i l ~ ` 'f .~1 1~332-h~-S~Z1~- -57 Tc,r~!c,l~,c~ rc,rrlJ~ t~ 007 0g5 Z30 27 67 P. 15 ~ Q 7 0 ~

I~ ~f ~ I ~
! ' ~ ~
1 ~ ` li r~; of th~ ~r~ilin~ :~ loa t . 4 I l urth~r ~learea~e o~ ~hs ~r~le~ o:e raove~enl~ ~ I;
x~ull~ he d~r o~ re~hln~ ~ lov!er limit f f the zoPe o:~ uns~iable ~o~on OI the ~odel.
~ .' 5 ~ 3 proved by ~;he dia~m~ in ~ Jhere "~" i i f ,~. ~vfrr~ ~how tihe defp~nderlo e o~ tho e.f~p~,~e~ ~ o~ ~ovef-f f~ f~'f~l~e~ fnd refi~i~tanof3 X uporl thc~ spef~d ~ OI ~he movef~ i i ~u~e~t~ ~or l;he know.~ typf~ff oi~ phib'if~f~ ~firff~a~g ~fnd ~ bj~l aurve3 ~how t;hf3 ~;a~e d~fpendenoo :for thf~ ~ropo~efd ,.
:~ i 1 1f~u~,1bian ~iror~ co.rpora~inf3 zf h~dro~ynamic suppoj~
~y~t~f CO~ fi~f~ g f~f ~hx~e i ~ ~ ~ aurvef~f "a" show ~rl u~er ~ eif 3f~) and ~ lo~ver e ~1 of u~taf~1f3 motio~ o~ the s~irc~ nd on~ i . i ~e~, ~ha~ irl appl;yi~g bhe mom~nt to bhe no~e ~nd 5~ a~l~rlg portioi~ of ~he airorR~t ~h~ curv~ 32, 33 ¦
~34, illustr~ting tha d~p~lld~o~ o~ tho ~i~gle~ .
.. ,~ ~lnOVePle~t UpOIl ~he sp~ted ~, a~ ne~rirlg the ;
! ~; ~ 4~ e~ ~v ~nd 31., i ~At~i Iihe sam~ e "b" ourve~ ~or l;he a~rora~
j ~ 2~ cQrpora~in~ ~ ~hree ~lo~t ~ya~em ~how bh~ ~ore~e he actual val~ for ~h~ an~ 4 of nlovemen ovided by ~he ~ystem, ~io~ver~ it i~ po~aibl~
~tti~\ L~or~qS~ ~h0 r~ o~ an~;~e~ ~ o:~ mo~Teme~ ¦ l ~ le applyin~ v~r~ou~ mome~t~ ~nd ~o elimin~e dani~ ?, I ~ 25~ l1$ æonei3 o:E ur~sta~le motion o:~ 1;he ~ro~a~b. ~ ' 'i1' ~`~` 1`
~` ,. . ~

13~3~-r)~-_J, i2'~rc~ cl~o-p~orr~l-,l.p~l~-t~ 07 03~ 2~;0 27 ~7 P.l~
1 ~ `2 ~ 7 0 ~ ~ ~ Z;

i f i'``t;~ ~:
~ f ~ 1 !
~ae ~he an~le OI m~vem~n1i ~or ~he p~?o-po~ed ~' ~
i t ~ ra~ lower, a oer~ai~ de3c:~e~e ~c~ ~he i~JVVt~ll.T i i cu~v~ h~ ~ra¢tiv~ X la~ ~t~ e ~ !
w~r~hy, for the aircrq~ ac~o~d~ o ~ ventio I f i 5 ~ imum ~raol~ion r~3si~ta~c~ X ~ b t~he low~6~t .ed 1~; which ~ very lmporta~t t ~ ny 811,~ l i ~ PIuet de~rea~e~ wil;h ~he ~peed inor~a?~,ed. Ii I ',, ~ l'he~ plementat~on~ o~ the presenit lnvention x~aul~
.t~e po~si~illt~ o~ -the oxe~tlo~ o~' ~n ~mphibi~n air~
~ 't wherein the fc,rmatio~ o~ ~e ~o~t~ o,~ u~t-t~ble i ,, ~ ~m,o~i~n ~lld of ~he di~ing moment i6 eli~ a~ed uP~er I L
he mode:l oi ~n~ine operatio~.

~1 ~"' s , I ,`t,, 1 , I ;~, 1.
~1 3 ! ` I i ~ ", ~ 1 !i j~ f~
~ ~ s~L~

Claims (6)

1. An amphibian aircraft comprising: a fuselage, wings connected with said fuselage, vertical and ho-rizontal tails in the trailing portion of said fuselage a propulsion system which in conjunction with said wings form lift- producing means; three floats with hydroplaning bottoms equipped with steps located in the lower portion of said fuselage and adapted to provide the floatability of said aircraft when it is on the water surface; the first two of said floats installed in the leading portion of said fuselage symmetrically to its vertical fore-and-aft plane and having inward sidewalls placed from each other at a distance of more than one and a half the width of the bottom of one of said floats; the third float located in the trailing portion of said fuselage so, that its fore-and-aft lies in the symmentry plane of said fuselage, the float being out of the zones of the water surface disturbed by said two first floats during the aircraft movement along the water surface;
said aircraft having the centre of gravity shifted behind the steps of the bottoms of said first two floats to the trailing portion of said fuselage.

2. An amphibian aircraft according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the bottom step of said third float in the trailing portion of said fuselage and the bottom steps of said two first floats in the leading portion of said fuselage along the fore-and-aft axis is more than 6-fold width of the bottom of one of said two first floats.

3. An amphibian aircraft according to claim 1, in which said inward sidewalls of said two first floats are located vertically.

4. An amphibian aircraft according to claim 1, in which said inward sidewalls of said two first floats are inclined.

5. An amphibian aircraft comprising: a fuselage, wings connected with said fuselage; vertical and horizontal tails in the trailing portion of said fuselage; a propulsion system which in conjunction with said wings provides said aircraft lifting; three floats with hydroplaning bottoms equipped with steps located in the lower portion of said fuselage and designed to provide the floatability of said aircraft when it is on the water surface; the first two of said floats located in the leading portion of fuselage and being symmetric to its vertical fore-and-aft plane and having inward sidewalls located from each other at a distance of more than one and a half the width of the bottom of one of said two floats; the third of said floats located in the trailing portion of said fuselage so that the fore-and-aft axis of this float lies in the symmetry plane of said fuselage, and this float is located out of the zone of water sur-face disturbed by said two first floats during the aircraft motion along the water surface; and said aircraft with the centre of gravity shifted behind the steps of the bottoms of said two first floats to the trailing portion of said fuselage to a distance of more than 0.3-0.5 width of the bottom of one of said first two floats.

6. An amphibian aircraft according to claim 4 in which the angle of an incline of said inward side-walls of said first two floats is less than ten degrees.