CA2070139A1 - Substrate having a smooth nonabrasive antislip coating - Google Patents
Substrate having a smooth nonabrasive antislip coatingInfo
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- CA2070139A1 CA2070139A1 CA 2070139 CA2070139A CA2070139A1 CA 2070139 A1 CA2070139 A1 CA 2070139A1 CA 2070139 CA2070139 CA 2070139 CA 2070139 A CA2070139 A CA 2070139A CA 2070139 A1 CA2070139 A1 CA 2070139A1
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Abstract
Abstract An article of manufacture consisting of a substrate having a smooth nonabrasive antislip coating on part or all of a surface thereof, which coating is composed of from about 80 to about 99 percent by weight, based on the weight of the coating, of a binder having a glass transition temper-ature no lower than about -30°C and from about 1 to about 20 percent by weight, based on the weight of the coating, of thermally expanded micro-beads having particle sizes before expansion in the range o-f from about 5 to about 30 µm. The coating has a dry static coefficient of friction, when tested in accordance with ASTM Method 1894 against an aluminum plate having an anodized surface with a roughness of less than about 32 micro-nches (abuut 0.8 µm), of at least about 0.6; and a dry dynamic coefficient of friction, when tested in like manner, of at least about 0.8. The substrate can be paper, film, or a woven or nonwoven fabric.
Description
20~39 S~ST~T3~ HAYING A SMOOTH
NONABR~IVlE ANT:I[SLIP COATING
Cross-lRe~erence to Related Application s A dispensing container having the coating of the present invention on the bottom surface thereof is described and claimed in Applica~ion Serial No. , entitled DISPENSING CONTAINER HAVING SMOOTH
NONABRASIVE ANTISLIP COATING ON THE BOTTOM SURPACE
10 THER~VF aDd filed of eYen date in the names of Frances Joseph Kronzer, Theodore John Tyner, and John Patrick Allison.
Backgroumd of the Inverltion The present invention relates to an article of manufacture comprising a substrate having a smooth nonabrasive antislip coating on part or all o:f a surface thereof. The antislip property of the coatLng is obtained through incorporation in the coating binder of thermally expandable microbeads.
Antislip or non-skid coatings are, of course known. For example, 20 non-skid surface compositions for paper products are disclosed in U.S.
Patent No. 4,41B,111 to Carstens. The composition consists of an aqueous suspension of colloidal silica and urea. The silica typically is present at a level of ~rom ~pproximately 1 to 5 percent by weight and has partical si7es in ~he range of 10 to 150 millimicrons. A urea/silica weight ratio be~ween 25 0.10 and slightly greater than 3.~) is most ef~ective. The composition is applied to the paper prodllct by9 for example, spraying.
NONABR~IVlE ANT:I[SLIP COATING
Cross-lRe~erence to Related Application s A dispensing container having the coating of the present invention on the bottom surface thereof is described and claimed in Applica~ion Serial No. , entitled DISPENSING CONTAINER HAVING SMOOTH
NONABRASIVE ANTISLIP COATING ON THE BOTTOM SURPACE
10 THER~VF aDd filed of eYen date in the names of Frances Joseph Kronzer, Theodore John Tyner, and John Patrick Allison.
Backgroumd of the Inverltion The present invention relates to an article of manufacture comprising a substrate having a smooth nonabrasive antislip coating on part or all o:f a surface thereof. The antislip property of the coatLng is obtained through incorporation in the coating binder of thermally expandable microbeads.
Antislip or non-skid coatings are, of course known. For example, 20 non-skid surface compositions for paper products are disclosed in U.S.
Patent No. 4,41B,111 to Carstens. The composition consists of an aqueous suspension of colloidal silica and urea. The silica typically is present at a level of ~rom ~pproximately 1 to 5 percent by weight and has partical si7es in ~he range of 10 to 150 millimicrons. A urea/silica weight ratio be~ween 25 0.10 and slightly greater than 3.~) is most ef~ective. The composition is applied to the paper prodllct by9 for example, spraying.
2~0~3~
An antiskid paper with enhanced friction retention is described in U.S. Patent No 4,980,024 to Payne et al. According to this refererlce, superiority in retained slide angle of antiskid paper is achieved by spraying or otherwise coating the paper with a composition of matter consisting S essentially of silica sol, glycerine, and an acrylamide homopolymer.
As illustrated by the -foregoing two patents, a~tislip coatings for papers typically employ an inorganic material in the coating binder. Such coatings often are abrasive and, in ~act, are closely rclated to such abrasive papers as sandpapers, emery cloths, and the like3 as illustrated by the 10 references which follow.
U.S. Patent No. 2,899,288 to Barclay relates to a method of forming an abrasive sheet. Briefly, a cloth baclcing sheet fabricated of a thermo-plastic material is passed through a heated ~one in which one face of the sheet is temporarily softened, an abrasive material is applied e~enly over 15 the softened face, the abrasive is pressed into the softened sheet by means of a nip roll and simultaneously cooled.
U.S. Patent No. 3,1669388 to Riegger et al. relates to a sandpaper.
The sandpaper comprises a reinforced paper backing, a barrier material, a layer of making varnish, and a layer of abrasive grits embedded in the ~0 making varnish. The barrier material may be in the form of a barrier layer of flexible material which only partly penetrates into one side of the backing, or it may be in the form of fle~ible mbbery solids which penetrate into and partially ~111 the voids in the paper backing throughout its thickness. Backings comprise a web or network of woodpulp fibers and a 25 multiplicity of relatively flexible and tough thermoplas~ic Ireinforcing members distributed substantially throughout the web in bonding relation with ~he woodpulp fibers.
~7~
The commercial in~roduction of thermally expandable microspheres a number of years ago has led to a number of di~ferent uses, some examples of which are given below.
U.S. Patent No. 4,006,273 relates to washable and dry-cleanable 5 raised printing on ~abries. Raised prints and graphic designs on fabrics which can safely and ef~ctively be dry-clearled and washed are provided by formulating a crossAlinkable polymer printing medium comprising an adherent film-forming cross-li~able polymer binder in a liquid vehicle therefor about 1 to 45 weight percent thermally expandable microspheres, 10 based on the weight of the binder, applying said medium to a fabric, heating at a temperature of about 180 to 250F to expand the micro-spheres and cross-link the polymer, and then curing for about 1 minute at a temperature of about 30~F. The microspheres can have diameters from about 0.5 to about 300 microns (micrometers or ~m~, preferably -from about 3 to 50 microns, and most pre~erably ~rom about 5 to 20 microns.
U.S. Patent No. 4,044,176 to Wolinski et al. describes graphic arts media which offer raisedg three-dimensional effects. A basic medium is ~ormulated of a colorant, film-forming binder, a solvent vehicle, and thermally expandable microspheres. The microspheres are treated to preclude or inhibit solvation in th~ solvent vehicle by coating with a compound which is a non-solvent for the microspheres but which preferen-tially wets the surface thereof. Allyl alcohols having about 3 to 5 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain are employed. The medium is selectively applied to a sllbstrate, dried, and heated to expand the microspheres.
Japanese Published Application No. 90/76,735 relates to the manufacture of slightly rough sheets. Such shee~s, useful as wall and floor coverings, leather substit~tes, packaging sheets, e~c., are prepared by 20~0~39 coating thermoplastic sheets, completely or in patterns, with resins containing microencapsulated blowing agents (e.g, butane) and simultan-eously expanding the microcapsules and softening the resins. In an example, flame-re~ardant paper was coated in patterns with an acrylic S polymer-PVC blend containing microencapsulated blowing agents, coated with a PVC plastisol, and heated at 2~5 to give a sheet with a sandy appearance.
It may be noted that microspheres which are not thermally expand-able also are Imown. A f~w applications for such microspheres are described below.
A woven polyester-backed flexible coated abrasive having microbal-loons in the backsize is described in U.S. Patent No. 4,111,667 to Adams.
The backsize is used with heavy-duty flexible coated products, particularly polyester-backed coated abrasive for use in mal~ing belts. The otherwise conventional backsize coating includes from 2 to 10 percent by weight o-f hollow microspheres. The coating is applied on the reverse or nonabrasiYe side of a woven polyester backing. The microspheres (or microbeads or microballoons) are hollow spheres of resin vr glass having a diameter in the range of between S and 125 microns (micrometers).
U.S. Patent No. ~,543,106 to Parekh relates to a coated abrasive product containing hollow microspheres beneath the abrasive grain. The product comprises a ~abric backing, a layer of abrasive grain, and at least one layer of resin between the backing and the abrasive grain. Hollow microspheres are present and at least partly and usually entirely embedded in the resin layer. In general, the hollow microspheres comprise hollow spherical bodies which may be of glass or plastic materials such as a phenolic resin, which have diameters from about S to about 50() microns 207~9 (micrometers) and an average diameter of from about 25 to about 125 microns. The microspheres generally have a shell thickness which averages from about S to about 20 percent of the diameter of the microspheres. The microspheres usually are incorporated into the resin layer in an amount of 5 from about 5 to about ~0 pcrcent by weight of the resin layer.
A reference which does not flt in any of the foregoing categories is included ~or the sake of completeness. That reference is U.S. Patent No.
5,001,106 to Egashira et al., which relates to an ima~e-receiving sheet.
Such sheet comprises a ~ase sheet and a receiving layer, provided Oll one 10 surface of the base sheet, for receiving a dye or pigment migrating from a heat transfer sheet. The base sheet comprises one or two or more layers, with at least one layer having a porous or foamed structllre. A layer having a porous or foamed structure can be obtained by such methods as:
(a) stretching a film prepared from a thermoplastic resin and containing fine 15 inorganic or organic particles, (b) extruding an organic solvent solution of a synthetic resin into a coagulating bath, and (c) extruding a resin together with a foaming agent. Under certain circumstances, it is desireable to roughen at least a part of both ~ront and back surfaces of the image-receiving sheet, e.g., the non-image portion of the receiving surface or the 20 back surface of the image-receiving sheet, by imparting fine unevenness thereto.
References relating to the microbeads themselves include those described below.
U.S. Patent No. 3,615,972 to Morehouse, Jr. et al. describes 25 expansible thermoplastic polymer particles containirlg volatile fl~id foaming agent and a method of foaming the same. Thermoplastic microspheres are prepared which cllcapsulate a liquid blowing agent. Heating of the 21~7013~
microspheres causes expansion. The microspheres are useful for coatings, moldiIIgs, plaLstic smoke, etc.
Polymer foam compositions are described in U.S. Patent No.
An antiskid paper with enhanced friction retention is described in U.S. Patent No 4,980,024 to Payne et al. According to this refererlce, superiority in retained slide angle of antiskid paper is achieved by spraying or otherwise coating the paper with a composition of matter consisting S essentially of silica sol, glycerine, and an acrylamide homopolymer.
As illustrated by the -foregoing two patents, a~tislip coatings for papers typically employ an inorganic material in the coating binder. Such coatings often are abrasive and, in ~act, are closely rclated to such abrasive papers as sandpapers, emery cloths, and the like3 as illustrated by the 10 references which follow.
U.S. Patent No. 2,899,288 to Barclay relates to a method of forming an abrasive sheet. Briefly, a cloth baclcing sheet fabricated of a thermo-plastic material is passed through a heated ~one in which one face of the sheet is temporarily softened, an abrasive material is applied e~enly over 15 the softened face, the abrasive is pressed into the softened sheet by means of a nip roll and simultaneously cooled.
U.S. Patent No. 3,1669388 to Riegger et al. relates to a sandpaper.
The sandpaper comprises a reinforced paper backing, a barrier material, a layer of making varnish, and a layer of abrasive grits embedded in the ~0 making varnish. The barrier material may be in the form of a barrier layer of flexible material which only partly penetrates into one side of the backing, or it may be in the form of fle~ible mbbery solids which penetrate into and partially ~111 the voids in the paper backing throughout its thickness. Backings comprise a web or network of woodpulp fibers and a 25 multiplicity of relatively flexible and tough thermoplas~ic Ireinforcing members distributed substantially throughout the web in bonding relation with ~he woodpulp fibers.
~7~
The commercial in~roduction of thermally expandable microspheres a number of years ago has led to a number of di~ferent uses, some examples of which are given below.
U.S. Patent No. 4,006,273 relates to washable and dry-cleanable 5 raised printing on ~abries. Raised prints and graphic designs on fabrics which can safely and ef~ctively be dry-clearled and washed are provided by formulating a crossAlinkable polymer printing medium comprising an adherent film-forming cross-li~able polymer binder in a liquid vehicle therefor about 1 to 45 weight percent thermally expandable microspheres, 10 based on the weight of the binder, applying said medium to a fabric, heating at a temperature of about 180 to 250F to expand the micro-spheres and cross-link the polymer, and then curing for about 1 minute at a temperature of about 30~F. The microspheres can have diameters from about 0.5 to about 300 microns (micrometers or ~m~, preferably -from about 3 to 50 microns, and most pre~erably ~rom about 5 to 20 microns.
U.S. Patent No. 4,044,176 to Wolinski et al. describes graphic arts media which offer raisedg three-dimensional effects. A basic medium is ~ormulated of a colorant, film-forming binder, a solvent vehicle, and thermally expandable microspheres. The microspheres are treated to preclude or inhibit solvation in th~ solvent vehicle by coating with a compound which is a non-solvent for the microspheres but which preferen-tially wets the surface thereof. Allyl alcohols having about 3 to 5 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain are employed. The medium is selectively applied to a sllbstrate, dried, and heated to expand the microspheres.
Japanese Published Application No. 90/76,735 relates to the manufacture of slightly rough sheets. Such shee~s, useful as wall and floor coverings, leather substit~tes, packaging sheets, e~c., are prepared by 20~0~39 coating thermoplastic sheets, completely or in patterns, with resins containing microencapsulated blowing agents (e.g, butane) and simultan-eously expanding the microcapsules and softening the resins. In an example, flame-re~ardant paper was coated in patterns with an acrylic S polymer-PVC blend containing microencapsulated blowing agents, coated with a PVC plastisol, and heated at 2~5 to give a sheet with a sandy appearance.
It may be noted that microspheres which are not thermally expand-able also are Imown. A f~w applications for such microspheres are described below.
A woven polyester-backed flexible coated abrasive having microbal-loons in the backsize is described in U.S. Patent No. 4,111,667 to Adams.
The backsize is used with heavy-duty flexible coated products, particularly polyester-backed coated abrasive for use in mal~ing belts. The otherwise conventional backsize coating includes from 2 to 10 percent by weight o-f hollow microspheres. The coating is applied on the reverse or nonabrasiYe side of a woven polyester backing. The microspheres (or microbeads or microballoons) are hollow spheres of resin vr glass having a diameter in the range of between S and 125 microns (micrometers).
U.S. Patent No. ~,543,106 to Parekh relates to a coated abrasive product containing hollow microspheres beneath the abrasive grain. The product comprises a ~abric backing, a layer of abrasive grain, and at least one layer of resin between the backing and the abrasive grain. Hollow microspheres are present and at least partly and usually entirely embedded in the resin layer. In general, the hollow microspheres comprise hollow spherical bodies which may be of glass or plastic materials such as a phenolic resin, which have diameters from about S to about 50() microns 207~9 (micrometers) and an average diameter of from about 25 to about 125 microns. The microspheres generally have a shell thickness which averages from about S to about 20 percent of the diameter of the microspheres. The microspheres usually are incorporated into the resin layer in an amount of 5 from about 5 to about ~0 pcrcent by weight of the resin layer.
A reference which does not flt in any of the foregoing categories is included ~or the sake of completeness. That reference is U.S. Patent No.
5,001,106 to Egashira et al., which relates to an ima~e-receiving sheet.
Such sheet comprises a ~ase sheet and a receiving layer, provided Oll one 10 surface of the base sheet, for receiving a dye or pigment migrating from a heat transfer sheet. The base sheet comprises one or two or more layers, with at least one layer having a porous or foamed structllre. A layer having a porous or foamed structure can be obtained by such methods as:
(a) stretching a film prepared from a thermoplastic resin and containing fine 15 inorganic or organic particles, (b) extruding an organic solvent solution of a synthetic resin into a coagulating bath, and (c) extruding a resin together with a foaming agent. Under certain circumstances, it is desireable to roughen at least a part of both ~ront and back surfaces of the image-receiving sheet, e.g., the non-image portion of the receiving surface or the 20 back surface of the image-receiving sheet, by imparting fine unevenness thereto.
References relating to the microbeads themselves include those described below.
U.S. Patent No. 3,615,972 to Morehouse, Jr. et al. describes 25 expansible thermoplastic polymer particles containirlg volatile fl~id foaming agent and a method of foaming the same. Thermoplastic microspheres are prepared which cllcapsulate a liquid blowing agent. Heating of the 21~7013~
microspheres causes expansion. The microspheres are useful for coatings, moldiIIgs, plaLstic smoke, etc.
Polymer foam compositions are described in U.S. Patent No.
3,~S4,181 to Wolinski et al. The patcnt describes a composition and method for forming foamed polymers. The composition comprises a dispersioll of microspheres in a solution of the polymer in a solvent. The compositio~s are applied to a substrate, dried, and heated to expand the microspheres, thus forming a foamed polymer. The particular sur~ace characteristics of foamed polymers are stated to have been utilized in non-10 skid coatings for carpets, n~gs, bathtub mats, flooring, coat hangers,handles for tools and athletic equipment, and the like.
U.S. F'atellt No. 4,722,943 to Melber et al. relates to a composition and process ~or drying and expanding microspheres. Microsphere wet cake is mixed with a processillg aid effecti~e to prevent agglomeration and 15 surface bonding of the microspheres, and thereafter removing water by drying with continuous mixing, optionally also under reduced pressure9 i.e., vacuum drying. By the control of the application of heat and balancing temperature and the mixing, and optionally also the reduced pressure, it is possible to also control expansion of the microspheres from 20 substantially none to substantially theoretical limits of expansion. Suital~l~
processing aids include, by way of example, dry inorganic pigments or filler materials and the like, and related organic materials. See also U.S.
Patent Nos. 4,829,094 to Melber et al. and 4,843,104 to Melber et al.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, there still is a need for an an~islip 25 cvating which is smooth and rlonabrasive, especially ~or papers; films, and fabrics.
207~
Summary of the Invention It ~herefore is arl object of the present in~tention to provide an article of manufacture comprising a substrate having a smooth nonabrasive antislip 5coating on part or all of a surface thereof.
It also is all object of the present mvesltion to provide an article of manu~cture which comprises a paper having a first surface and a SeCOIld surface, in which said first surface has a smooth nonabrasive, antislip coating adjacent to and contiguous with said first sur~ace.
10These and other objects will be apparent to one ha~ing ordinary skill in the art ~rom a consideration of the specification and claims which ~llow.
Accordingly, ~he present invention provides an article of manufacture comprising a substrate having a smooth norlabrasive antislip coating on part or all of a surface thereof, which coating:
lSA. is comprised of from about 80 to about 99 percent by dry weight, based on the dry weight of the coating, of a binder having a glass transition temperature no lower than about -30C and from about 1 to about 20 percen~ by dry weight, based on the dry weight of the coating, of ther-2Gmally expanded microbeads having par~icle sizes ~e~ore expansion in the range of from about S to about 30 ~m;
B. has a dry s~tie coefficient of friction9 when tested in accordance with ASTM method 1894 against an alumi-nnm plate having an anodi~ed surface with a roughrless 2$ of less than about 32 microinches (about 0.8 ~m), of at least about n.6; and ~7~:13~
C. has a dry dynamic coefficient of friction, when tes~ed in accordance with ASTM Method 1~94 against an alumi-num plate having an anodized surface with a roughness of less than about 32 microinches (about 0.8 ~m), of at least abou~ 0.8;
in which said substrate is selected from the ~group consisting of papers, films, and woven and nonwoven ~abrics.
The present invention also provides an article of manufacture which comprises a paper having a first sur~ace and a second surface, in which said first surface has a smooth nonabrasive, antislip coating adjacent to and contiguous with said first surface, which coating:
A. is comprised of from about 80 to about 99 percent by dry weight, based on the dry weight of the coating, of a binder having a glass transition temperature no lower than about -30C and from about 1 to about 20 perceIlt by dry weight, based on the dry weight of the coating, of ther-mally expanded microbeads having particle sizes before e~pansion in the rallge of ~rom about S to about 30 ,um;
B. has a dry static coef~lcient of fric~ion, when tested in accordance with ASTM Method 1894 against an alumi-num plate having an anodiz~d surface with a roughness of less than about 32 microinches (about 0.8 ~m), of at least about ~.6; and C. has a dry dynamic coefflcient of friction, when tes~ed in accordance with ASTM Method 1~94 against an a~umi-num plate having an anodi7ed surface with a roughness 2~7013~
of less than about 32 microinches (about 0.8 ,um), of at least about O.g.
In preferred embodiments, the coating also (a) has a wet static coeff1-cient of friction, when tested in accordance with ASTM Method 1894 S against an aluminum plate having an anodized surface with a roughness ofless than about 32 microinches (about 0.8 ~m~, of at least about 0.6; and (b) has a wet dynamic coefficient of friction, when tested in accordance with ASTM Method 1894 against an alurninum plate having a~ anodized sur~ace with a roughness of less than about 32 microinches (about 0.8 ~m), of at least about 0.7.
Detailed Description of the Inventiola As use herein, the term "smooth" refers to the absence of sharp or angular particles in the nonabrasive antislip coating of the present inven-tion. Rather, such coating contains smooth, e.g., spherical, microspheres.
The term also refers to the feel of the surface when touched, i.e., to the tactile characteristics of the coating. That is, the coating feels "smooth"
to the touch.
In general, the substrate can be any paper, film, or ~bric. The fabric can be either woven or nonwoven, although a nonwoven fabric is pre~erred. The material fronn which a film or fabric is made is not known to be critical. The nonwoven webs include any of the known nonwoYen webs, including, but not limited to, meltblown webs, spunbonded webs, coformed webs, bonded carded webs, laminates of two or mqre of such webs with or without additional layers, and the like.
2~7~:~ 39 As a practical matter, films and the preferred nonwoven fabrics are prepared from thermoplastic polymers. Examples of thermoplastic polymers include, by way of illustration only, end-capped poly~cetals, such ~s poly(oxymethylene) or polyformaldehyde, poly~trichloroacetaldehyde), S poly(~-valeraldehyde), poly(acetaldehyde), poly(propionaldehyde), and the like; acrylic polymers, such as polyacrylamide, poly(acI~lic acid), poly-(methacrylic acid), poly(ethyl acrylate), poly~methyl methacrylate~, and the like; fluorocarbon polymers, such as poly(tetrafluoroethylene~, perfluorirla-ted ethylene-propylene copolymers, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copoly-10 mers, poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene), ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymers, poly(vinylidene fluoride), poly(vinyl fluoride), and the like;
polyamides, such as poly(S-aminocaproic acid) or poly(~-caprolactam), poly(hexamethylene adipamide), poly(hexamethylene sebacamide)g poly(11-aminoundecanoic acid), and the like; polyaramides, such as poly(imino-15 1 ,3-phenyleneiminoisophthaloyl) or poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide~, and the like; parylenes, such as poly-~-xylylene, poly(chloro-p-xylylesLe), and the like; polyaryl ethers, such as poly(oxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene) or poly(I2-phenylene oxide), and the like; polyaryl sulfones, such as poly(oxy-1,~phenylenesul~onyl-l,~phenyleneoxy-1,~phenylene isopropylidene-1,4-2û phenylene), poly(sulfonyl-l,~phenyleneoxy-1,4-phenylenesulfonyl-4,4'-biphenylene), and the like; polycarbonates, such as poly(bisphenol A,~ or poly(carbonyldioxy-1,4-phenyleneisopropylidene-1,~phenylene), and the like; polyesters, such as poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(te~ramethylene terephthalate), poly~cyclohexylene-1,4 dimethyle~e terephthalate) or 25 poly(oxymethylene-1,~cyclohexylenemethyleneoxyterephthaloyl), and the like; polyaryl sulfides, such as poly(~-phenylene sulfide) or poly(thio 1,4-phenylene), and the like; polyimides, such as poly(pyromellitimido-1,~
1 3 ~
phenylene), and the like; polyolefins, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(1-butene), poly(2-butene), poly~1-pentene), poly(2-pentene~, poly(3-methyl-1-pentene), poly(4-methyl-1-pentene), 1,2-poly-1,3-butadie~e, 1,4-poly-1,3-butadiene, polyisoprene, polychloroprene, polyacrylonitrile, S poly(vinyl acetate), poly(vinylidene chloride), polystyrene, and the like;
copolymers of the foregoing, such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymers, and the like; and the like.
Thermoplastic polyolefins are preferred and include polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(1-butene), poly(2-butene), poly(1-pentene), poly(2-pentene), poly(3-methyl-1-pentene), poly(~methyl-1-pentene~7 1 ,2-poly-1 ,3-butadiene, 1 ,4-poly- 1 ,3-butadiene, polyisoprene, polychloroprene, poly-acrylonitrile, poly(vinyl acetate), poly(vinylidene chloride), polystyrene, and the like.
The more preferred polyolefins are those which contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms and which are prepared by the addition polymerization of one or more unsaturated monomers. Examples of sueh polyolefins include, among others, polyethylene, polypropylesle, poly(1-butene), poly(2-butene), poly(1-pentene), poly(2-pcIlterle), poly(3-methyl-1-pentene), poly(~methyl-1-pentene), 1,2-poly-1,3-butadiene, 1,4-poly-1,3-butadiene, polyisoprene, polystyrene, and the like. In addition, such term is meant to include blends of two or more polyolefins and random and block copolymers prepared from two or more di~ferent unsaturated monomers. E~ecause of their commercial importance, the most preferred polyolefins are polyethylene and polypropylene.
The most preferred substrates are papers and nonwoYen fabrics prepared from thermoplastic polyolefins, especially meltblown and spun-bonded nonwoven webs.
2~7~9 When the substrate is a paper, the nature of the paper is not known to be critical, provided it has sufficient strength for handling, coating, sheeting, and/or other operatio:ns associated with its manu~acture. In preferred embodiments, the base sheet will be a latex-impregnated paper.
5 By way of illustration, a preferred paper is a water leaf sheet of wood pulp fibers impregnated with a reactive acrylic polymer latex such as Rhoplex~
B-15 (Rohm and Haas Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania). Howe~rer, any of a number of other latexes can be used, if desired, some examples of which are summarized in Table I, beiow.
Table I
Suitable Latexes -for Base Sheet Polymer rype Product Identification Polyacrylates Hycar~9 260~3, 26084, 26120, 2~104, 2610~, 26322 B. F. Goodrich Company Cleveland, Ohio ~hoplex~ EIA-8, HA-12, NW-1715 Rohm and Haas Company Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Carboset0 XL-52 B. F. Goodrich Company Cleveland, C)hio Styrene-butadiene copolymers Buto~an~ 4262 BASF Corporation Sarnia, Ontario, Canada DL-219, DL-283 Dow Chemical Company Midland, Michigan 207~9 Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers Dur-O-Set~ E-666, 1~-646, E-669 National Starch & Chemieal Co.
Bridgewater, New Jersey S Nitrile mbbers Hycar~ 1572, 1577, 1570 x 55 B. F. Goodrich Company Cleveland, Ohio Poly(vinyl chloride) Geon~ 5~2 B. F. Goodrich ~ompany Clevela~, Ohio Poly(vinyl acetate) Vinac~ XX-210 Air Products and :hemicals, Inc.
Napierville~ Illinois Ethylene-acrylate copolymers Michem~ Prime 4990 Michelmall, Inc.
Cincinnati, Ohio ~0 Adcote~9 56220 M[orton Thiokol, Inc.
Chicago, Illin~is The impre~nating dispersion typically also will contairl clay and a delustrant such as titanium dio7cide. Typical amounts of these two materials are 16 parts and 4 parts, respectively, per 100 parts of polymer on a dry weight basis. An especially preferred base sheet has a basis weight of 13.3 Ibs/1300 ft2 (50 g/m2) before impregnation. The impregnated paper preferably contains 18 parts impregnating solids per 100 pa~ts fiber by weight~ and has a basis weight of 15.6 Ibs/1300 f~ (58 g/m2), both on a dry weight basis. A suitable caliper is 3.8 mils + 0.3 mil (97 + 8 micro-meters3.
2070~
Sueh a paper is readily prepared by methods which are well known to those having ordinary skill in the art. In addition, paper-impregnating techniques also are well known to those having ordinary skîll in the art.
Typically, a paper is exposed to an excess of impregnating dispersion, run S through a nip, and dried.
Turning now to the smooth antislip coating, such coating, regardless of the substrate, is comprised of from about 80 to about 99 percent by dry weight, based on the dry weight of the coating, of a binder having a glass transition temperature no lower than about -3ûC and from about 1 to 10 about 20 perceIlt by dry weight, based on the dry weight of the coating, of thermally expanded microbeads having particle sizes before expansion in the range of from about 5 to about 30 ~m. In addition, such coating must have a dry static coefficient of friction, when tested in accordance with ASTM Method 1894 against an aluminum plate having an anodizetl sur~ace with a roughness of less than about 32 microinches (about 0.8 ~4m), of at least about 0.6, and a dry dynamic coefficient of friction, when similarly tested, of at least about 0.8.
In certain preferred embodiments, particularly when the substrate will be used or expo~ed to a wet environment, the coating will haYe a wet static coefficient of friction5 when tested in accordance with ASTM Method 1~94 against an aluminum plate having an anodized surface wi~h a roughness of less than about 32 microinches ~about 0.8 ~m), of at least about 0.6, and a wet dynamic coefflcient of friction, when tested in a similar manner, of at least about 0.7.
Generally, the binder can be any of the knowIl binders which commonly arc used as the basss of coatings Oll paper and other substrates, provided the binder has a glass transition temperamre no lower than about 2070~39 -30C. It should be noted that binders having glass transition temperatures below ambient temperatures but no low~r than about -30C can yield coatings which are somewhat tacky at ambient temperatures. Although such binders still can be used, some applications may require the use of a S release coating or a release paper in order to prevent the coating from sticking or adhering to the reverse side of the substrate, particularly when the substrate is to be manu~actured, stored, and/or transported in roll form.
However, the use of a release coating or a release paper can be obviated by using binders having glass transition temperahlres no lower than about 10 15C, preferably no lower than about 25C.
The binder in general will constitute from about 80 to about 99 percent by dry weight, based on the dry weight of the coating, of the coating. As used herein, however, the term "binder" is meant to be sufficiently broad to include minor amowlts of other materials, such as 15 dyes, colorants, pigments, plastici7ers, flow agents, antistatic agents, extenders, water repellents, surfactants, viscosity control agents, dispersing aids, and the like. Preferably, the amount of binder present will be in the range of from about 85 to about 95 percent by dry weight, based Oll the dry weight of the coating. The most preferred amount of binder is from 20 about 88 to about 92 percent by dry weight.
The coating also contains from about 1 to about 20 percent by dry weight, based on the dry weight of the coating, of thermally expanded microbeads. The amount of such microbeads pre~rably is in the range of from about S to about 15 percent by dry weight, and most pre~erably is 25 in the range of from about 8 to about 12 pereent by dry weight.
In general~ the thermally expanded microbeads can be any of the commercially available microbeads, such as those sold under the Expancel~
2~7~9 trademark by Nobel Industries Sweden, Sundsvall~ Sweden, and those sold under the Foamcoat0 trademark by Pierce & Stevens Corporation, Bu~falo, New York. While any of the various types of thermally expandable microbeads can be employed, the more heat-resistant microbeads are 5 preferred.
The level of coati~g on a given substrate typically can range from about 3.7 to about 11.5 g/m~. The preferred range is from about S.6 to about 9.4 g/m2. It is neither necessary nor required, though, that the coating cover all of a surface of a particular substrate. When the substrate 10 is a paper which will serve as the backing for an abrasive layer, the coatingtypically will cover all of one surface. When the substrate is a nonwoven web or a laminate of two or more nonwoven webs intended for use as a surgical drape or a shoe cover, the coating typically will be applied only to a portion of the target surface thereof.
As already stated, the coating must have a dry static coefficient of friction, when tested in accordance with ASTM Method 1g94 against an aluminum plate having an anodized surface with a roughness of less than about 32 microinches (less than about 0.8 ~m), of at least ab~ut 0.~, and a dry dynamic coefficient of friction, when similarly tested, of at least about 0.8. Moreover, in certain preferred emboditnents, particularly when the substrate will be used or exposed to a wet environment, the coating will have a wet static coefficient of friction, when tested in like manner, of at least about 0.6, and a wet dynamic coefficient of friction, when tested in a similar maDner, of at least about 0.7.
Coefficients of friction were determined irl accordance with ASTM
Method 1894 with a Model 1122 Instron Testing Machine (Instron Corporation, Canton, Massachusetts). Each sample tested was a 2.5 inch ~ 16 -~07~39 (6.~crn) square. Dry sarnples of coated substrates were conditioned for 24 hours at 50 percellt relative humidity and 22C. Wet samples were soaked in 2 g of distilled water for 4B hours. Before testing, the water on the bottom sur~ace, i.e., the surface not having the smooth rlonabrasive antislip coating of the present invention, was removed by gentle blotting. The surface used to determine the coefflcients of friction was an aluminum plate supplied by Instron having a clear anodized surface with a roughness of less than 32 microinches (less than about 0.8 ~m).
The present invention is further illustrated by the examples which follow. Such examples, however, are not to be construed as in any way limiting either the spirit or scope of the present invention. In the examples, all parts are parts on a dry weight basis, unless stated otherwise.
Examples 1-24 Because of the convenisnce in han~ling, coating, and testing papers, all of the examples employed paper substrates. Three different papers were employed and are described below.
Paper A
Paper A was a standard latex-impregnated paper. The basis weight of the paper before impregnation was S2.6 g/m2. The latex satllrant consisted of 100 parts of Butofan~ 4262, a styrene-butadiene rubber (BASP
Corp~ration, Sarnia, Ontario, l:~anada), 30 parts of clay9 2 parts of a colloidal stabilizer, 1 part of a water repellant, and 14 parts of a colorant (the same colorant was used in all saturant and antislip coating dispersions used in the examples~. The saturant level in the paper on a dry weight basis was 26 parts per l00 parts of wood pulp fiber.
2 ~
A barrier coating was applied to one surface of the paper (referred to herein ~or convenience as the second sur~ace). The barrier coating was a dispersion which consisted of, on a dry weight basis, 100 parts of Styronal~ 4574, also a styrene-butadiene rubber (BASF, Sarnia, Ontario~
Canada), 57.5 parts of Hycar~ 2600x106, an acrylic polymer (B. ~.
Goodrich Company, Cleveland, Ohio), and 30 parts of clay. The barrier coating latex was applied with a ~Ieyer rod to provide a coating weight of 15-17 g/m.
P~per :!B
This paper also was a standard latex-impregnated paper. The basis weight of the paper before impregnation was 52.6 g/m2. The latex saturant was the same as that used for Paper A, except that the colorant level was 10. The saturant level in the paper on a dry weight basis was 38 parts per 100 parts of wood pulp fiber. A barrier was applied to the second surface as described for Paper A.
Paper C
The paper was a standard latex-impregnated paper havin~g a basis weight before impregnation of 52.6 g/m2. The latex saturant consisted of l00 parts of Hycar~ 15621 an ac~lonitrile-butadiene rubber (B. F.
Goodrich Company, Cleveland, C)hio), 4 parts of a phenolic resin, 30 parts of clay, 1.5 parts of a water repellant, and 9.28 parts of a colorant. The saturant level in the paper on a dry weight basis was 38 parts per 100 parts of wood pulp fiber. The paper had the barrier coating of Paper A on the second surface.
With the exceptîon of Example 1 in which the first surface of the paper substrate was uncoated, the first sur~ce of the paper substrate was coated with an antislip or control coating by means of a Meyer rod. The ~7~13~
coating was applied in each case at a level of 8.3-9.4 g/m~, on a dry weight basis, except for Examples 20-22, inclusive. The basis weights of the coatings employed in Examples 20-22, inclusive, were 5.6, 8.5~ and 16.2 g/m2, respectively. Each antislip coating of the present invention was dried for one minute at about 107C and then was heated for 10-15 seconds at 165~C to expand the microbeads. Both the drying and expanding steps were carried out in a forced air oven. Coatings not containing thermally e~pandable microbeads were simply dried at 107(:. The compositiolls of the dispersions, on a dry weight basis, which were employed to prepare the various antislip and control coatings tested are summari7ed in Tables 2-5, inclusive. In general, the dispersions contained about 45 percent by weight solids, based on the total weight of the dispersion9 with the remainder being water.
Table 2 Summary of Dispersion Compositions r Coatings A-F
Parts by l:)rv Weight in Cpating om~onent_ A _~ 5 D F
Rhople~9 HA16 100 --- --- 100 --- ---Styronal~ ND846 --- 100 ---Butofan~ 4262 --- 50 -~
Rhoplex~ B-15 --- --- --- --- 1~) ---Michem~ 4983 --- --- --- --- --- 100 StyronalQ 4574 --- --- 100 --- --- ---Diatomaceous earth 47 55.6 --- --- --- ---2 ~
Clay 57 --- --- --- --- ---Water repellant --- 11 .3S --- --- --- --~
Expancel~ OS1WU --- --- 15 15 15 15 Colorant 3 3 3 3 3 3 s Table 3 Sulmmary oî Dispersion Compositions ~r Antislip Coat;rlgs G-L
_ Parts by Wei~ht in Coating Component G H I J K L
Michem~ 4983 1~ 100 100 100 100 100 Expancel~ ûSlWU 15 ` 15 --- 5 30 60 Rosin soap 2 --- --- --- --- ---Potassium oleate --- 2 --- --- --- ---Colorant 3 3 3 3 3 3 -Table 4 Summary of Dispersion C~mpositions 2ûfor Antislip Coatings Ml-R
Parts by Wei~h~ in (: oatin~ _ _ Comp~nent N O P ~
Rhoplex~ HA16 -~- - --- 100 --- ---Styronal~ ND84~ --- SO 100 --- --- --Rhople~ B-15 --- --- --- --- ioo ---Styronal0 4574 lOO 50 --~
~7~
Expancel~ 051WU 15 15 15 Colorant 3 3 3 Table 5 S Summary of Dispersion Compositions ~r ~ti11p Coatings S-V
Parts by Wt.
in Coating Component ~ S T
Styronal0 ND846 50 100 Expancel0 051WU 15 15 Twenty-four diff~rent types of sheets were tested, with each type 15 constitating an example. l~amples 1-9, inclusive, constituted controls.
E~xample 1 consisted simply of an uncoated sheet. E~camples 2 and 3 utilized antislip coatings containing inorganic particles. The remaining controls involved the use of various binders without thermally.expandable microbeads being present. F,xamples 10~24, inclusive, all had an antislip 20 coating coming within the scope of the present invention. Table 6 summarizes the combination of paper a~ coating composition ~or each example.
2~0~39 Table 6 Summary of Paper and Coa~ing Compositiorls Employed in the Examples S Exam~le P~er Coating C T
7 ~ S ,.
C C
11 ~ C
C L
C O
3 ~
24 C ~I
Wet and dry static and dynamic coefficients of friction were 5 determined f~r the sheets obtained from the examples. It was observed, however, that the curves for the dry dynamic coefficient of friction tests with the sheets of E~xamples 8, 9, 10, 11, 16, 17, and 24 were noncontinu-ous. Thus, the dry dynamic val~les in such instances essentially were averages of a series of static coefficient of ~riction curves and, as a 10 consequence, may be less reliable. The results are summarized în Table 7.
Table 7 Coe~lcient of Frictioll (CO~ Resallt3 Static COF Dynamic COF
Example Drv Wet D~ Wet 0.220 1.701 0.~99 1.701 2 0.1~9 0.680 0.175 0.675 3 0.25~ 0.655 0.275 ~.750 4 0.57S 1.694 0.277 1.319 0.3g9 0.~01 0.320 0.65 6 0.3~7 0.618 ~.29~ ~.657 7 0.S26 1.~9 0.3~8 1.2~0 8 3.103 2.66~)0.910 1.8~2 9 2.028 1.27û 1.60~ 1.295 1~ 1.313 ~.7~7 1.763 0.g38 2~7~ 3~
l 1 1 .967 0.651 2.750 0.78 12 1.729 1.538 2.074 1.731 13 1.688 1.~08 2.000 1.2~2 14 1 .900 1 . 1 lS 2.00~ 1 .28 1~ 1 .57S 1 . 144 1 .674 1 .350 16 ~.717 1.710 1.217 1.9~6 17 1.569 1.329 1.781 1.3~9 18 1.938 0.93~ 2.269 0.~09 19 1.650 1.044 1.994 1.110 1~ 20 ~.002 1.015 1.291 1.213 21 0.82~ 1.053 1.131 1.2~2 22 ~.616 1.168 0.821 1.333 ~3 1 . 161 1 .~24 1 .265 1 .~79 ~4 1.602 ~.059 1.454 1.997 In order to aid in understanding and differentiating the coe~ficient of friction data presellted in Table 7, two different calculations were made, i.e., COFW - COFD and COFW + COFD, in which coefficient of ~riction is abbreYiated as COF with the subscript "W" or ~r~ to represent a wet or 20 dry coe~ficient of friction, respectively. The results of these calculations are summarizecl in Tables 8 and 9.
2 n ~
Table 8 Sllmmary of Calculations with Static Coe~lcierlt of ~i~tion Data _St~ic COF Calculations Exam~le Wet - Dry Wet -~ Dry ~.4~ 1.92 2 0.51 0.85 3 0.40 0.91 4 1.12 2.27 S 0.00 6 ~.23 1.~0 7 0.38 1.64 -0.44 5.76 lS 9 -0.76 3.30 -0.59 2.~4 1 1 -1 .32 2.62 12 -0.19 3.27 13 -0.~8 3. 10 14 -~.78 3.02 -0.~3 2.72 16 0.99 2043 17 -0.~4 2.90 1~ -1.00 2.8~
19 ~0.61 2.~9 0.01 ~.~2 21 ~.23 1.8 2~7~
22 O.S5 1.78 23 0.2S 2.58 2~ 0.46 3.66 S Table ~
Summaly of Calculations with Dynamic Co¢~lcieslt of Friction Data Dynamic CQF Calcula~iQn~
Example Wet-Prv Wet ~ Dry 1.40 2.0 2 O.S0 0.85 3 0.48 1.02 4 1.04 1.60 0.33 ~.97 0.36 O.9S
7 0.8~ 1.64 8 0.93 ~.75 9 -0.30 2.9 -0.92 2.~
11 -1.96 3.54 .34 3.~0 13 -0.76 3.2~
1~ -0.72 3.29 -0.3~ 3.02 16 0.71 3.~4 17 -0.43 3. 13 - 2ti -2 0 7 0 1 3 ~
18 -1.36 3.18 1~ -0.8~ 3.10 -0.08 2.50 ~1 0. 15 2.41 S 22 0.51 2.15 23 0.41 2.94 24 û.54 3.45 Based on the data in Table 8, several conclusions a~e possible. F;rst, 10 the di~ference between the wet and dry static coefficients of friction, i.e.,COFW - COFD, pre~erably is in the range of ~rom about -1.5 to about 1.
Second, the sum of the wet and dry static coefficients of friction, i.e., COFW + COFD, preferably is in the range of from about 1.7 to about 3.8.
Second, if the difference between the wet and dry static coefficients of 15 friction, i.e., COFW - COFD, is less than -0.4 and greater t~an -1.0, then the sum of the wet and dry static coe~1cients of friction, i.e., COFW ~
COFD~ preferably is equal to or less than about 3Ø Third, if the difference betYveen the wet and dry static coef~lcients of friction, i.e., COFW - CO~D, is greater than 0 and less than 1.0, then the sum of the wet 20 and dry static coefficients of friction, i.e., Cl:)FW ~ COFD, preferably is greater than about 1.7 HaYing thus described the invention, numerous changes and modifications ther~of will be readily apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
U.S. F'atellt No. 4,722,943 to Melber et al. relates to a composition and process ~or drying and expanding microspheres. Microsphere wet cake is mixed with a processillg aid effecti~e to prevent agglomeration and 15 surface bonding of the microspheres, and thereafter removing water by drying with continuous mixing, optionally also under reduced pressure9 i.e., vacuum drying. By the control of the application of heat and balancing temperature and the mixing, and optionally also the reduced pressure, it is possible to also control expansion of the microspheres from 20 substantially none to substantially theoretical limits of expansion. Suital~l~
processing aids include, by way of example, dry inorganic pigments or filler materials and the like, and related organic materials. See also U.S.
Patent Nos. 4,829,094 to Melber et al. and 4,843,104 to Melber et al.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, there still is a need for an an~islip 25 cvating which is smooth and rlonabrasive, especially ~or papers; films, and fabrics.
207~
Summary of the Invention It ~herefore is arl object of the present in~tention to provide an article of manufacture comprising a substrate having a smooth nonabrasive antislip 5coating on part or all of a surface thereof.
It also is all object of the present mvesltion to provide an article of manu~cture which comprises a paper having a first surface and a SeCOIld surface, in which said first surface has a smooth nonabrasive, antislip coating adjacent to and contiguous with said first sur~ace.
10These and other objects will be apparent to one ha~ing ordinary skill in the art ~rom a consideration of the specification and claims which ~llow.
Accordingly, ~he present invention provides an article of manufacture comprising a substrate having a smooth norlabrasive antislip coating on part or all of a surface thereof, which coating:
lSA. is comprised of from about 80 to about 99 percent by dry weight, based on the dry weight of the coating, of a binder having a glass transition temperature no lower than about -30C and from about 1 to about 20 percen~ by dry weight, based on the dry weight of the coating, of ther-2Gmally expanded microbeads having par~icle sizes ~e~ore expansion in the range of from about S to about 30 ~m;
B. has a dry s~tie coefficient of friction9 when tested in accordance with ASTM method 1894 against an alumi-nnm plate having an anodi~ed surface with a roughrless 2$ of less than about 32 microinches (about 0.8 ~m), of at least about n.6; and ~7~:13~
C. has a dry dynamic coefficient of friction, when tes~ed in accordance with ASTM Method 1~94 against an alumi-num plate having an anodized surface with a roughness of less than about 32 microinches (about 0.8 ~m), of at least abou~ 0.8;
in which said substrate is selected from the ~group consisting of papers, films, and woven and nonwoven ~abrics.
The present invention also provides an article of manufacture which comprises a paper having a first sur~ace and a second surface, in which said first surface has a smooth nonabrasive, antislip coating adjacent to and contiguous with said first surface, which coating:
A. is comprised of from about 80 to about 99 percent by dry weight, based on the dry weight of the coating, of a binder having a glass transition temperature no lower than about -30C and from about 1 to about 20 perceIlt by dry weight, based on the dry weight of the coating, of ther-mally expanded microbeads having particle sizes before e~pansion in the rallge of ~rom about S to about 30 ,um;
B. has a dry static coef~lcient of fric~ion, when tested in accordance with ASTM Method 1894 against an alumi-num plate having an anodiz~d surface with a roughness of less than about 32 microinches (about 0.8 ~m), of at least about ~.6; and C. has a dry dynamic coefflcient of friction, when tes~ed in accordance with ASTM Method 1~94 against an a~umi-num plate having an anodi7ed surface with a roughness 2~7013~
of less than about 32 microinches (about 0.8 ,um), of at least about O.g.
In preferred embodiments, the coating also (a) has a wet static coeff1-cient of friction, when tested in accordance with ASTM Method 1894 S against an aluminum plate having an anodized surface with a roughness ofless than about 32 microinches (about 0.8 ~m~, of at least about 0.6; and (b) has a wet dynamic coefficient of friction, when tested in accordance with ASTM Method 1894 against an alurninum plate having a~ anodized sur~ace with a roughness of less than about 32 microinches (about 0.8 ~m), of at least about 0.7.
Detailed Description of the Inventiola As use herein, the term "smooth" refers to the absence of sharp or angular particles in the nonabrasive antislip coating of the present inven-tion. Rather, such coating contains smooth, e.g., spherical, microspheres.
The term also refers to the feel of the surface when touched, i.e., to the tactile characteristics of the coating. That is, the coating feels "smooth"
to the touch.
In general, the substrate can be any paper, film, or ~bric. The fabric can be either woven or nonwoven, although a nonwoven fabric is pre~erred. The material fronn which a film or fabric is made is not known to be critical. The nonwoven webs include any of the known nonwoYen webs, including, but not limited to, meltblown webs, spunbonded webs, coformed webs, bonded carded webs, laminates of two or mqre of such webs with or without additional layers, and the like.
2~7~:~ 39 As a practical matter, films and the preferred nonwoven fabrics are prepared from thermoplastic polymers. Examples of thermoplastic polymers include, by way of illustration only, end-capped poly~cetals, such ~s poly(oxymethylene) or polyformaldehyde, poly~trichloroacetaldehyde), S poly(~-valeraldehyde), poly(acetaldehyde), poly(propionaldehyde), and the like; acrylic polymers, such as polyacrylamide, poly(acI~lic acid), poly-(methacrylic acid), poly(ethyl acrylate), poly~methyl methacrylate~, and the like; fluorocarbon polymers, such as poly(tetrafluoroethylene~, perfluorirla-ted ethylene-propylene copolymers, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copoly-10 mers, poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene), ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymers, poly(vinylidene fluoride), poly(vinyl fluoride), and the like;
polyamides, such as poly(S-aminocaproic acid) or poly(~-caprolactam), poly(hexamethylene adipamide), poly(hexamethylene sebacamide)g poly(11-aminoundecanoic acid), and the like; polyaramides, such as poly(imino-15 1 ,3-phenyleneiminoisophthaloyl) or poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide~, and the like; parylenes, such as poly-~-xylylene, poly(chloro-p-xylylesLe), and the like; polyaryl ethers, such as poly(oxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene) or poly(I2-phenylene oxide), and the like; polyaryl sulfones, such as poly(oxy-1,~phenylenesul~onyl-l,~phenyleneoxy-1,~phenylene isopropylidene-1,4-2û phenylene), poly(sulfonyl-l,~phenyleneoxy-1,4-phenylenesulfonyl-4,4'-biphenylene), and the like; polycarbonates, such as poly(bisphenol A,~ or poly(carbonyldioxy-1,4-phenyleneisopropylidene-1,~phenylene), and the like; polyesters, such as poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(te~ramethylene terephthalate), poly~cyclohexylene-1,4 dimethyle~e terephthalate) or 25 poly(oxymethylene-1,~cyclohexylenemethyleneoxyterephthaloyl), and the like; polyaryl sulfides, such as poly(~-phenylene sulfide) or poly(thio 1,4-phenylene), and the like; polyimides, such as poly(pyromellitimido-1,~
1 3 ~
phenylene), and the like; polyolefins, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(1-butene), poly(2-butene), poly~1-pentene), poly(2-pentene~, poly(3-methyl-1-pentene), poly(4-methyl-1-pentene), 1,2-poly-1,3-butadie~e, 1,4-poly-1,3-butadiene, polyisoprene, polychloroprene, polyacrylonitrile, S poly(vinyl acetate), poly(vinylidene chloride), polystyrene, and the like;
copolymers of the foregoing, such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymers, and the like; and the like.
Thermoplastic polyolefins are preferred and include polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(1-butene), poly(2-butene), poly(1-pentene), poly(2-pentene), poly(3-methyl-1-pentene), poly(~methyl-1-pentene~7 1 ,2-poly-1 ,3-butadiene, 1 ,4-poly- 1 ,3-butadiene, polyisoprene, polychloroprene, poly-acrylonitrile, poly(vinyl acetate), poly(vinylidene chloride), polystyrene, and the like.
The more preferred polyolefins are those which contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms and which are prepared by the addition polymerization of one or more unsaturated monomers. Examples of sueh polyolefins include, among others, polyethylene, polypropylesle, poly(1-butene), poly(2-butene), poly(1-pentene), poly(2-pcIlterle), poly(3-methyl-1-pentene), poly(~methyl-1-pentene), 1,2-poly-1,3-butadiene, 1,4-poly-1,3-butadiene, polyisoprene, polystyrene, and the like. In addition, such term is meant to include blends of two or more polyolefins and random and block copolymers prepared from two or more di~ferent unsaturated monomers. E~ecause of their commercial importance, the most preferred polyolefins are polyethylene and polypropylene.
The most preferred substrates are papers and nonwoYen fabrics prepared from thermoplastic polyolefins, especially meltblown and spun-bonded nonwoven webs.
2~7~9 When the substrate is a paper, the nature of the paper is not known to be critical, provided it has sufficient strength for handling, coating, sheeting, and/or other operatio:ns associated with its manu~acture. In preferred embodiments, the base sheet will be a latex-impregnated paper.
5 By way of illustration, a preferred paper is a water leaf sheet of wood pulp fibers impregnated with a reactive acrylic polymer latex such as Rhoplex~
B-15 (Rohm and Haas Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania). Howe~rer, any of a number of other latexes can be used, if desired, some examples of which are summarized in Table I, beiow.
Table I
Suitable Latexes -for Base Sheet Polymer rype Product Identification Polyacrylates Hycar~9 260~3, 26084, 26120, 2~104, 2610~, 26322 B. F. Goodrich Company Cleveland, Ohio ~hoplex~ EIA-8, HA-12, NW-1715 Rohm and Haas Company Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Carboset0 XL-52 B. F. Goodrich Company Cleveland, C)hio Styrene-butadiene copolymers Buto~an~ 4262 BASF Corporation Sarnia, Ontario, Canada DL-219, DL-283 Dow Chemical Company Midland, Michigan 207~9 Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers Dur-O-Set~ E-666, 1~-646, E-669 National Starch & Chemieal Co.
Bridgewater, New Jersey S Nitrile mbbers Hycar~ 1572, 1577, 1570 x 55 B. F. Goodrich Company Cleveland, Ohio Poly(vinyl chloride) Geon~ 5~2 B. F. Goodrich ~ompany Clevela~, Ohio Poly(vinyl acetate) Vinac~ XX-210 Air Products and :hemicals, Inc.
Napierville~ Illinois Ethylene-acrylate copolymers Michem~ Prime 4990 Michelmall, Inc.
Cincinnati, Ohio ~0 Adcote~9 56220 M[orton Thiokol, Inc.
Chicago, Illin~is The impre~nating dispersion typically also will contairl clay and a delustrant such as titanium dio7cide. Typical amounts of these two materials are 16 parts and 4 parts, respectively, per 100 parts of polymer on a dry weight basis. An especially preferred base sheet has a basis weight of 13.3 Ibs/1300 ft2 (50 g/m2) before impregnation. The impregnated paper preferably contains 18 parts impregnating solids per 100 pa~ts fiber by weight~ and has a basis weight of 15.6 Ibs/1300 f~ (58 g/m2), both on a dry weight basis. A suitable caliper is 3.8 mils + 0.3 mil (97 + 8 micro-meters3.
2070~
Sueh a paper is readily prepared by methods which are well known to those having ordinary skill in the art. In addition, paper-impregnating techniques also are well known to those having ordinary skîll in the art.
Typically, a paper is exposed to an excess of impregnating dispersion, run S through a nip, and dried.
Turning now to the smooth antislip coating, such coating, regardless of the substrate, is comprised of from about 80 to about 99 percent by dry weight, based on the dry weight of the coating, of a binder having a glass transition temperature no lower than about -3ûC and from about 1 to 10 about 20 perceIlt by dry weight, based on the dry weight of the coating, of thermally expanded microbeads having particle sizes before expansion in the range of from about 5 to about 30 ~m. In addition, such coating must have a dry static coefficient of friction, when tested in accordance with ASTM Method 1894 against an aluminum plate having an anodizetl sur~ace with a roughness of less than about 32 microinches (about 0.8 ~4m), of at least about 0.6, and a dry dynamic coefficient of friction, when similarly tested, of at least about 0.8.
In certain preferred embodiments, particularly when the substrate will be used or expo~ed to a wet environment, the coating will haYe a wet static coefficient of friction5 when tested in accordance with ASTM Method 1~94 against an aluminum plate having an anodized surface wi~h a roughness of less than about 32 microinches ~about 0.8 ~m), of at least about 0.6, and a wet dynamic coefflcient of friction, when tested in a similar manner, of at least about 0.7.
Generally, the binder can be any of the knowIl binders which commonly arc used as the basss of coatings Oll paper and other substrates, provided the binder has a glass transition temperamre no lower than about 2070~39 -30C. It should be noted that binders having glass transition temperatures below ambient temperatures but no low~r than about -30C can yield coatings which are somewhat tacky at ambient temperatures. Although such binders still can be used, some applications may require the use of a S release coating or a release paper in order to prevent the coating from sticking or adhering to the reverse side of the substrate, particularly when the substrate is to be manu~actured, stored, and/or transported in roll form.
However, the use of a release coating or a release paper can be obviated by using binders having glass transition temperahlres no lower than about 10 15C, preferably no lower than about 25C.
The binder in general will constitute from about 80 to about 99 percent by dry weight, based on the dry weight of the coating, of the coating. As used herein, however, the term "binder" is meant to be sufficiently broad to include minor amowlts of other materials, such as 15 dyes, colorants, pigments, plastici7ers, flow agents, antistatic agents, extenders, water repellents, surfactants, viscosity control agents, dispersing aids, and the like. Preferably, the amount of binder present will be in the range of from about 85 to about 95 percent by dry weight, based Oll the dry weight of the coating. The most preferred amount of binder is from 20 about 88 to about 92 percent by dry weight.
The coating also contains from about 1 to about 20 percent by dry weight, based on the dry weight of the coating, of thermally expanded microbeads. The amount of such microbeads pre~rably is in the range of from about S to about 15 percent by dry weight, and most pre~erably is 25 in the range of from about 8 to about 12 pereent by dry weight.
In general~ the thermally expanded microbeads can be any of the commercially available microbeads, such as those sold under the Expancel~
2~7~9 trademark by Nobel Industries Sweden, Sundsvall~ Sweden, and those sold under the Foamcoat0 trademark by Pierce & Stevens Corporation, Bu~falo, New York. While any of the various types of thermally expandable microbeads can be employed, the more heat-resistant microbeads are 5 preferred.
The level of coati~g on a given substrate typically can range from about 3.7 to about 11.5 g/m~. The preferred range is from about S.6 to about 9.4 g/m2. It is neither necessary nor required, though, that the coating cover all of a surface of a particular substrate. When the substrate 10 is a paper which will serve as the backing for an abrasive layer, the coatingtypically will cover all of one surface. When the substrate is a nonwoven web or a laminate of two or more nonwoven webs intended for use as a surgical drape or a shoe cover, the coating typically will be applied only to a portion of the target surface thereof.
As already stated, the coating must have a dry static coefficient of friction, when tested in accordance with ASTM Method 1g94 against an aluminum plate having an anodized surface with a roughness of less than about 32 microinches (less than about 0.8 ~m), of at least ab~ut 0.~, and a dry dynamic coefficient of friction, when similarly tested, of at least about 0.8. Moreover, in certain preferred emboditnents, particularly when the substrate will be used or exposed to a wet environment, the coating will have a wet static coefficient of friction, when tested in like manner, of at least about 0.6, and a wet dynamic coefficient of friction, when tested in a similar maDner, of at least about 0.7.
Coefficients of friction were determined irl accordance with ASTM
Method 1894 with a Model 1122 Instron Testing Machine (Instron Corporation, Canton, Massachusetts). Each sample tested was a 2.5 inch ~ 16 -~07~39 (6.~crn) square. Dry sarnples of coated substrates were conditioned for 24 hours at 50 percellt relative humidity and 22C. Wet samples were soaked in 2 g of distilled water for 4B hours. Before testing, the water on the bottom sur~ace, i.e., the surface not having the smooth rlonabrasive antislip coating of the present invention, was removed by gentle blotting. The surface used to determine the coefflcients of friction was an aluminum plate supplied by Instron having a clear anodized surface with a roughness of less than 32 microinches (less than about 0.8 ~m).
The present invention is further illustrated by the examples which follow. Such examples, however, are not to be construed as in any way limiting either the spirit or scope of the present invention. In the examples, all parts are parts on a dry weight basis, unless stated otherwise.
Examples 1-24 Because of the convenisnce in han~ling, coating, and testing papers, all of the examples employed paper substrates. Three different papers were employed and are described below.
Paper A
Paper A was a standard latex-impregnated paper. The basis weight of the paper before impregnation was S2.6 g/m2. The latex satllrant consisted of 100 parts of Butofan~ 4262, a styrene-butadiene rubber (BASP
Corp~ration, Sarnia, Ontario, l:~anada), 30 parts of clay9 2 parts of a colloidal stabilizer, 1 part of a water repellant, and 14 parts of a colorant (the same colorant was used in all saturant and antislip coating dispersions used in the examples~. The saturant level in the paper on a dry weight basis was 26 parts per l00 parts of wood pulp fiber.
2 ~
A barrier coating was applied to one surface of the paper (referred to herein ~or convenience as the second sur~ace). The barrier coating was a dispersion which consisted of, on a dry weight basis, 100 parts of Styronal~ 4574, also a styrene-butadiene rubber (BASF, Sarnia, Ontario~
Canada), 57.5 parts of Hycar~ 2600x106, an acrylic polymer (B. ~.
Goodrich Company, Cleveland, Ohio), and 30 parts of clay. The barrier coating latex was applied with a ~Ieyer rod to provide a coating weight of 15-17 g/m.
P~per :!B
This paper also was a standard latex-impregnated paper. The basis weight of the paper before impregnation was 52.6 g/m2. The latex saturant was the same as that used for Paper A, except that the colorant level was 10. The saturant level in the paper on a dry weight basis was 38 parts per 100 parts of wood pulp fiber. A barrier was applied to the second surface as described for Paper A.
Paper C
The paper was a standard latex-impregnated paper havin~g a basis weight before impregnation of 52.6 g/m2. The latex saturant consisted of l00 parts of Hycar~ 15621 an ac~lonitrile-butadiene rubber (B. F.
Goodrich Company, Cleveland, C)hio), 4 parts of a phenolic resin, 30 parts of clay, 1.5 parts of a water repellant, and 9.28 parts of a colorant. The saturant level in the paper on a dry weight basis was 38 parts per 100 parts of wood pulp fiber. The paper had the barrier coating of Paper A on the second surface.
With the exceptîon of Example 1 in which the first surface of the paper substrate was uncoated, the first sur~ce of the paper substrate was coated with an antislip or control coating by means of a Meyer rod. The ~7~13~
coating was applied in each case at a level of 8.3-9.4 g/m~, on a dry weight basis, except for Examples 20-22, inclusive. The basis weights of the coatings employed in Examples 20-22, inclusive, were 5.6, 8.5~ and 16.2 g/m2, respectively. Each antislip coating of the present invention was dried for one minute at about 107C and then was heated for 10-15 seconds at 165~C to expand the microbeads. Both the drying and expanding steps were carried out in a forced air oven. Coatings not containing thermally e~pandable microbeads were simply dried at 107(:. The compositiolls of the dispersions, on a dry weight basis, which were employed to prepare the various antislip and control coatings tested are summari7ed in Tables 2-5, inclusive. In general, the dispersions contained about 45 percent by weight solids, based on the total weight of the dispersion9 with the remainder being water.
Table 2 Summary of Dispersion Compositions r Coatings A-F
Parts by l:)rv Weight in Cpating om~onent_ A _~ 5 D F
Rhople~9 HA16 100 --- --- 100 --- ---Styronal~ ND846 --- 100 ---Butofan~ 4262 --- 50 -~
Rhoplex~ B-15 --- --- --- --- 1~) ---Michem~ 4983 --- --- --- --- --- 100 StyronalQ 4574 --- --- 100 --- --- ---Diatomaceous earth 47 55.6 --- --- --- ---2 ~
Clay 57 --- --- --- --- ---Water repellant --- 11 .3S --- --- --- --~
Expancel~ OS1WU --- --- 15 15 15 15 Colorant 3 3 3 3 3 3 s Table 3 Sulmmary oî Dispersion Compositions ~r Antislip Coat;rlgs G-L
_ Parts by Wei~ht in Coating Component G H I J K L
Michem~ 4983 1~ 100 100 100 100 100 Expancel~ ûSlWU 15 ` 15 --- 5 30 60 Rosin soap 2 --- --- --- --- ---Potassium oleate --- 2 --- --- --- ---Colorant 3 3 3 3 3 3 -Table 4 Summary of Dispersion C~mpositions 2ûfor Antislip Coatings Ml-R
Parts by Wei~h~ in (: oatin~ _ _ Comp~nent N O P ~
Rhoplex~ HA16 -~- - --- 100 --- ---Styronal~ ND84~ --- SO 100 --- --- --Rhople~ B-15 --- --- --- --- ioo ---Styronal0 4574 lOO 50 --~
~7~
Expancel~ 051WU 15 15 15 Colorant 3 3 3 Table 5 S Summary of Dispersion Compositions ~r ~ti11p Coatings S-V
Parts by Wt.
in Coating Component ~ S T
Styronal0 ND846 50 100 Expancel0 051WU 15 15 Twenty-four diff~rent types of sheets were tested, with each type 15 constitating an example. l~amples 1-9, inclusive, constituted controls.
E~xample 1 consisted simply of an uncoated sheet. E~camples 2 and 3 utilized antislip coatings containing inorganic particles. The remaining controls involved the use of various binders without thermally.expandable microbeads being present. F,xamples 10~24, inclusive, all had an antislip 20 coating coming within the scope of the present invention. Table 6 summarizes the combination of paper a~ coating composition ~or each example.
2~0~39 Table 6 Summary of Paper and Coa~ing Compositiorls Employed in the Examples S Exam~le P~er Coating C T
7 ~ S ,.
C C
11 ~ C
C L
C O
3 ~
24 C ~I
Wet and dry static and dynamic coefficients of friction were 5 determined f~r the sheets obtained from the examples. It was observed, however, that the curves for the dry dynamic coefficient of friction tests with the sheets of E~xamples 8, 9, 10, 11, 16, 17, and 24 were noncontinu-ous. Thus, the dry dynamic val~les in such instances essentially were averages of a series of static coefficient of ~riction curves and, as a 10 consequence, may be less reliable. The results are summarized în Table 7.
Table 7 Coe~lcient of Frictioll (CO~ Resallt3 Static COF Dynamic COF
Example Drv Wet D~ Wet 0.220 1.701 0.~99 1.701 2 0.1~9 0.680 0.175 0.675 3 0.25~ 0.655 0.275 ~.750 4 0.57S 1.694 0.277 1.319 0.3g9 0.~01 0.320 0.65 6 0.3~7 0.618 ~.29~ ~.657 7 0.S26 1.~9 0.3~8 1.2~0 8 3.103 2.66~)0.910 1.8~2 9 2.028 1.27û 1.60~ 1.295 1~ 1.313 ~.7~7 1.763 0.g38 2~7~ 3~
l 1 1 .967 0.651 2.750 0.78 12 1.729 1.538 2.074 1.731 13 1.688 1.~08 2.000 1.2~2 14 1 .900 1 . 1 lS 2.00~ 1 .28 1~ 1 .57S 1 . 144 1 .674 1 .350 16 ~.717 1.710 1.217 1.9~6 17 1.569 1.329 1.781 1.3~9 18 1.938 0.93~ 2.269 0.~09 19 1.650 1.044 1.994 1.110 1~ 20 ~.002 1.015 1.291 1.213 21 0.82~ 1.053 1.131 1.2~2 22 ~.616 1.168 0.821 1.333 ~3 1 . 161 1 .~24 1 .265 1 .~79 ~4 1.602 ~.059 1.454 1.997 In order to aid in understanding and differentiating the coe~ficient of friction data presellted in Table 7, two different calculations were made, i.e., COFW - COFD and COFW + COFD, in which coefficient of ~riction is abbreYiated as COF with the subscript "W" or ~r~ to represent a wet or 20 dry coe~ficient of friction, respectively. The results of these calculations are summarizecl in Tables 8 and 9.
2 n ~
Table 8 Sllmmary of Calculations with Static Coe~lcierlt of ~i~tion Data _St~ic COF Calculations Exam~le Wet - Dry Wet -~ Dry ~.4~ 1.92 2 0.51 0.85 3 0.40 0.91 4 1.12 2.27 S 0.00 6 ~.23 1.~0 7 0.38 1.64 -0.44 5.76 lS 9 -0.76 3.30 -0.59 2.~4 1 1 -1 .32 2.62 12 -0.19 3.27 13 -0.~8 3. 10 14 -~.78 3.02 -0.~3 2.72 16 0.99 2043 17 -0.~4 2.90 1~ -1.00 2.8~
19 ~0.61 2.~9 0.01 ~.~2 21 ~.23 1.8 2~7~
22 O.S5 1.78 23 0.2S 2.58 2~ 0.46 3.66 S Table ~
Summaly of Calculations with Dynamic Co¢~lcieslt of Friction Data Dynamic CQF Calcula~iQn~
Example Wet-Prv Wet ~ Dry 1.40 2.0 2 O.S0 0.85 3 0.48 1.02 4 1.04 1.60 0.33 ~.97 0.36 O.9S
7 0.8~ 1.64 8 0.93 ~.75 9 -0.30 2.9 -0.92 2.~
11 -1.96 3.54 .34 3.~0 13 -0.76 3.2~
1~ -0.72 3.29 -0.3~ 3.02 16 0.71 3.~4 17 -0.43 3. 13 - 2ti -2 0 7 0 1 3 ~
18 -1.36 3.18 1~ -0.8~ 3.10 -0.08 2.50 ~1 0. 15 2.41 S 22 0.51 2.15 23 0.41 2.94 24 û.54 3.45 Based on the data in Table 8, several conclusions a~e possible. F;rst, 10 the di~ference between the wet and dry static coefficients of friction, i.e.,COFW - COFD, pre~erably is in the range of ~rom about -1.5 to about 1.
Second, the sum of the wet and dry static coefficients of friction, i.e., COFW + COFD, preferably is in the range of from about 1.7 to about 3.8.
Second, if the difference between the wet and dry static coefficients of 15 friction, i.e., COFW - COFD, is less than -0.4 and greater t~an -1.0, then the sum of the wet and dry static coe~1cients of friction, i.e., COFW ~
COFD~ preferably is equal to or less than about 3Ø Third, if the difference betYveen the wet and dry static coef~lcients of friction, i.e., COFW - CO~D, is greater than 0 and less than 1.0, then the sum of the wet 20 and dry static coefficients of friction, i.e., Cl:)FW ~ COFD, preferably is greater than about 1.7 HaYing thus described the invention, numerous changes and modifications ther~of will be readily apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Claims (23)
1. An article of manufacture comprising a substrate having a smooth nonabrasive antislip coating on part or all of a surface thereof, which coating:
A. is comprised of from about 80 to about 99 percent by weight, based on the weight of the coating, of a binder having a glass transition temperature no lower than about -30°C and from about 1 to about 20 percent by weight, based on the weight of the coating, of thermally expanded microbeads having particle sizes before expansion in the range of from about S to about 30 µm;
B. has a dry static coefficient of friction, when tested in accordance with ASTM Method 1894 against an alumi-num plate having an anodized surface with a roughness of less than about 0.8 µm, of at least about 0.6; and C. has a dry dynamic coefficient of friction, when tested in accordance with ASTM Method 1894 against an alumi-num plate having an anodized surface with a roughness of less than about 0.8 µm, of at least about 0.8;
in which said substrate is selected from the group consisting of papers, films, and woven and nonwoven fabrics.
A. is comprised of from about 80 to about 99 percent by weight, based on the weight of the coating, of a binder having a glass transition temperature no lower than about -30°C and from about 1 to about 20 percent by weight, based on the weight of the coating, of thermally expanded microbeads having particle sizes before expansion in the range of from about S to about 30 µm;
B. has a dry static coefficient of friction, when tested in accordance with ASTM Method 1894 against an alumi-num plate having an anodized surface with a roughness of less than about 0.8 µm, of at least about 0.6; and C. has a dry dynamic coefficient of friction, when tested in accordance with ASTM Method 1894 against an alumi-num plate having an anodized surface with a roughness of less than about 0.8 µm, of at least about 0.8;
in which said substrate is selected from the group consisting of papers, films, and woven and nonwoven fabrics.
2. The article of claim 1, in which said coating:
A. has a wet static coefficient of friction, when tested in accordance with ASTM Method 1894 against an alumi-num plate having an anodized surface with a roughness of less than about 0.8 µm, of at least about 0.6; and B. has a wet dynamic coefficient of friction, when tested in accordance with ASTM Method 1894 against an alumi-num plate having an anodized surface with a roughness of less than about 0.8 µm, of at least about 0.7.
A. has a wet static coefficient of friction, when tested in accordance with ASTM Method 1894 against an alumi-num plate having an anodized surface with a roughness of less than about 0.8 µm, of at least about 0.6; and B. has a wet dynamic coefficient of friction, when tested in accordance with ASTM Method 1894 against an alumi-num plate having an anodized surface with a roughness of less than about 0.8 µm, of at least about 0.7.
3. The article of claim 1, in which said binder has a glass transi-tion temperature no lower than about 15°C.
4. The article of claim 1, in which said binder has a glass transi-tion temperature no lower than about 25°C.
5. The article of claim 1, in which the static coefficients of friction of said coating are such that COFW - COFD is in the range of from about -1.5 to about 1.
6. The article of claim 1, in which the dynamic coefficients of friction of said coating are such that COFW + COFD is in the range of from about 1.7 to about 3.8.
7. The article of claim 5, in which the static coefficients of friction of said coating are such that, if COFW - COFD is less than -0.4 and greater than -1.0, then COFW + COFD is equal to or less than about 3Ø
8. The article of claim 5, in which the static coefficients of friction of said coating are such that, if COFW - COFD is greater than 0 and less than 1.0, then COFW + COFD is greater than about 1.7
9. The article of claim 1, in which said article is a surgical drape having said coating on at least a portion of the body-side layer of said drape.
10. The article of claim 9, in which said surgical drape comprises a laminate of two or more layers of nonwoven webs.
11. The article of claim 1, in which said article is a shoe cover having said coating on at least a portion of the outer sole thereof.
12. An article of manufacture which comprises a paper having a first surface and a second surface, in which said first surface has a smooth nonabrasive, antislip coating adjacent to and contiguous with said first surface, which coating:
A. is comprised of from about 80 to about 99 percent by weight, based on the weight of the coating, of a binder having a glass transition temperature no lower than about -30°C and from about 1 to about 20 percent by weight, based on the weight of the coating, of thermally expanded microbeads having particle sizes before expansion in the range of from about 5 to about 30 µm;
B. has a dry static coefficient of friction, when tested in accordance with ASTM Method 1894 against an alumi-num plate having an anodized surface with a roughness of less than about 0.8 µm, of at least about 0.6; and C. has a dry dynamic coefficient of friction, when tested in accordance with ASTM Method 1894 against an alumi-num plate having an anodized surface with a roughness of less than about 0.8 µm, of at least about 0.8.
A. is comprised of from about 80 to about 99 percent by weight, based on the weight of the coating, of a binder having a glass transition temperature no lower than about -30°C and from about 1 to about 20 percent by weight, based on the weight of the coating, of thermally expanded microbeads having particle sizes before expansion in the range of from about 5 to about 30 µm;
B. has a dry static coefficient of friction, when tested in accordance with ASTM Method 1894 against an alumi-num plate having an anodized surface with a roughness of less than about 0.8 µm, of at least about 0.6; and C. has a dry dynamic coefficient of friction, when tested in accordance with ASTM Method 1894 against an alumi-num plate having an anodized surface with a roughness of less than about 0.8 µm, of at least about 0.8.
13.The article of claim 12, in which said coating:
A. has a wet static coefficient of friction, when tested in accordance with ASTM Method 1894 against an alumi-num plate having an anodized surface with a roughness of less than about 0.8 µm, of at least about 0.6; and B. has a wet dynamic coefficient of friction, when tested in accordance with ASTM Method 1894 against an alumi-num plate having an anodized surface with a roughness of less than about 0.8 µm, of at least about 0.7.
A. has a wet static coefficient of friction, when tested in accordance with ASTM Method 1894 against an alumi-num plate having an anodized surface with a roughness of less than about 0.8 µm, of at least about 0.6; and B. has a wet dynamic coefficient of friction, when tested in accordance with ASTM Method 1894 against an alumi-num plate having an anodized surface with a roughness of less than about 0.8 µm, of at least about 0.7.
14. The article of claim 13, in which said binder has a glass transi-tion temperature no lower than about 15°C.
15. The article of claim 13, in which said binder has a glass transi-tion temperature no lower than about 25°C.
16. The article of claim 13, in which the static coefficients of friction of said coating are such that COFW - COFD is in the range of from about-1.5 to about 1.
17. The article of claim 13, in which the dynamic coefficients of friction of said coating are such that COFW + COFD is in the range of from about 1.7 to about 3.8.
18. The article of claim 16, in which the static coefficients of friction of said coating are such that, if COFW - COFD is less than -0.4 and greater than -1.0, then COFW + COFD is equal to or less than about 3Ø
19. The article of claim 16, in which the static coefficients of friction of said coating are such that, if COFW - COFD is greater than 0 and less than 1.0, then COFW + COFD is greater than about 1.7
20. The article of claim 13, in which said binder is a latex.
21. The article of claim 13, in which said paper is a latex-impreg-nated paper.
22. The article of claim 21, in which said second surface has a barrier coating adjacent thereto and contiguous therewith.
23. The article of claim 22, in which said barrier coating has an abrasive coating adjacent thereto and contiguous therewith.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US81520691A | 1991-12-31 | 1991-12-31 | |
| US815,206 | 1991-12-31 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2070139A1 true CA2070139A1 (en) | 1993-07-01 |
Family
ID=25217169
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2070139 Abandoned CA2070139A1 (en) | 1991-12-31 | 1992-06-01 | Substrate having a smooth nonabrasive antislip coating |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2070139A1 (en) |
-
1992
- 1992-06-01 CA CA 2070139 patent/CA2070139A1/en not_active Abandoned
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