CA2067207A1 - Radiant heat unit - Google Patents
Radiant heat unitInfo
- Publication number
- CA2067207A1 CA2067207A1 CA002067207A CA2067207A CA2067207A1 CA 2067207 A1 CA2067207 A1 CA 2067207A1 CA 002067207 A CA002067207 A CA 002067207A CA 2067207 A CA2067207 A CA 2067207A CA 2067207 A1 CA2067207 A1 CA 2067207A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- heating element
- radiant heat
- heat unit
- element support
- thermal insulation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- -1 magneYite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FXKCXGBBUBCRPU-GBOPCIDUSA-N 2-[(2r,4ar,8s,8ar)-8-hydroxy-4a,8-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8a-octahydronaphthalen-2-yl]prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](C(=C)C(O)=O)C[C@H]2[C@@](C)(O)CCC[C@@]21C FXKCXGBBUBCRPU-GBOPCIDUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000723368 Conium Species 0.000 description 1
- MWRWFPQBGSZWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N2CN(N=O)CN1CN(N=O)C2 MWRWFPQBGSZWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100353161 Drosophila melanogaster prel gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QNVBIDULDLPCDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ilicic acid Natural products CC1(O)CCC2(C)CCC(CC2C1)C(=C)C(=O)O QNVBIDULDLPCDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001208007 Procas Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000036366 Sensation of pressure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LKTZODAHLMBGLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon;$l^{2}-alumanylidenesilylidenealuminum Chemical compound [Si]#[Al].[Si]#[Al].[Al]=[Si]=[Al] LKTZODAHLMBGLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010427 ball clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012721 chromium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940107218 chromium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940090961 chromium dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IAQWMWUKBQPOIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Cr+4] IAQWMWUKBQPOIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYTAKQFHWFYBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Cr]=O AYTAKQFHWFYBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052839 forsterite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010434 nepheline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052664 nepheline Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000346 nonvolatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005624 silicic acid group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FKHIFSZMMVMEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N talc Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O FKHIFSZMMVMEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
- H05B3/74—Non-metallic plates, e.g. vitroceramic, ceramic or glassceramic hobs, also including power or control circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates
- H05B3/74—Non-metallic plates, e.g. vitroceramic, ceramic or glassceramic hobs, also including power or control circuits
- H05B3/748—Resistive heating elements, i.e. heating elements exposed to the air, e.g. coil wire heater
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)
- Induction Heating Cooking Devices (AREA)
Abstract
RADIANT HEAT UNIT
Abstract of the Disclosure A radiant heat unit containing a heating element, a heating element support and thermal insulation located below the heating element support, in which the heating element support does not cover the entire surface of the thermal insulation and the thermal insulation consists of a microporous thermal insulator. The radiant heat unit is used to heat a plate, in particular a glass ceramic plate, in radiant heaters of bakery ovens, in radiant heaters and halogen radiators.
Abstract of the Disclosure A radiant heat unit containing a heating element, a heating element support and thermal insulation located below the heating element support, in which the heating element support does not cover the entire surface of the thermal insulation and the thermal insulation consists of a microporous thermal insulator. The radiant heat unit is used to heat a plate, in particular a glass ceramic plate, in radiant heaters of bakery ovens, in radiant heaters and halogen radiators.
Description
~g7~7 Radf~nt h t~U~i~
The invention relates to a radiant heat unit compri~ing a heating element, a heating el~ment support and a thermal lnsulation located below the heating element support.
Such radiant heat units are known from DE-A-2165569, DE-A-2551137 and the corre~ponding US-A-4161648, DE-~-2339768 and the corre~ponding GB-A-1433478, DE-C-2760339 llnd EP-A-204185 and the : 10 corresponding US-A-4713527.
~ DE-A-2165569 describes supports for the heating ele%lents, : which cover part of the surface or the entire surface and a thermal Lnsulation, located i~ appropriat~ below the ~upport, consi~ting of mineral wool and/or gla~ wool arranged in layers, to allow a sprung bedding for the support.
DE-A-2551137, DE-~-2339768, DE-C-2730339 and EP-A-204185 each describo supports which cover the entire surface for the heating ele~ents, it being pos3ible, i appropriate, for the heating elament to be fixed by being laid, ; clamped or or glued in or on rece~ses or projections provided for this purpo~e, and a thsrm~l i.n~ulation, located belo~ the support, con~i~ting of a micropor~u~
thermal insulator.
Since a material which i~ relatively strong m~chanically and at the 3~me tLme ha3 a high tel~per~ture resi~tance is needed for the heating el~ment support3, ~uch material~ have a low thermal in~ulatin~ capacity, which mean~ that design~ of the heating element supports, which cover the entire surface, coun~eract high efficiancies.
: Th~ ob~ect of the i~vention i~ to provide a radia~t heat unit which is easy to handle during a~sembly and allow~ high efficiencies.
The inven ion relat~ to a radiant heat unit compri~ing a heating element, a heating elem~nt support and a thennal insulation loca~ed below the heating element support, wherein the haating element support is 2~2~
~, constructed no~ to cover the enti:re ~urface of the tharmal in~ulatlon locateA below 1~ and the thermal in~ulatloll con~ s o~ a microporou3 thennal in~ulator.
The total energy con3umption in a radiant heat unit accordi~g to the invention is reduced by up to 10 ~
relati~a to a radlant heater in which the heating element i~ bedded on a heatlng ~l~m~rlt support which cover~ the entire surface.
The as~embly of the radiant heat unit accordln~
to the in~ention i~ made considerably ea~ier ~ince the heating element can be introduced in~o the heatlng element support out~ide the radiant heat unit and the final assembly to gi~e the complete radiant heat unit can sub~equently be carried ouk. This ls of advantage in particular because of the low mechanical. stahility o~ the thermal insulation COnBiSting of a microporous thsrmal in~ulator.
According to the i~ention, the heat~ng element support does not cov~r the entire surface of the thermal insulation located below it. It preferably co~ers 5 to 70 %, ln particular 10 to 20 %, of the sur~ace of the thermal insulation located below it.
: A mechanically strong material which ha6 resist-ance to change~ in tempsrature, high temperature re8i8t ance, low temperaturo-dependent expansion and shrinkage and/or a high electrical resistance is required for the heating element support. Furthenmore, no alkali should be pre~ent, in ord~r to avoid destruction of the haating ; ele~ent~.
Since the heating element ~uppoxt can have various shapes, particular requirements are additionally to be Lmposad on the ~upport material in respect of shaping, which is why ceramic materials are usually used.
Such matexial~ ar~ known and are de~cribed, for example, in Singer, Industrielle Reramlk ~Indu~trial Ceramics), Yolu~e three, SpringarYerlag, 1966, in particular on pages 126 156.
Preferred support m~terials are clay6, such as : China clay or kaolin, bentonite, quartz, feld3par, 2~72~7 Cornish ~tone and chamotte from earthenwara, porcela~n, fireclay, ~llimanite and magne~it~. Smaller amounts of granite, hsaalt, porphyry, chalk, calcite, dolomite, magneYite, corundum, graphlke, talc:, rutlle, baryt~, gyp~um, zirconium oxide, ~ill~nanite, cobalt ore, chrom-ium ore, molten quartz, ~ilLcon carbide, ferrosilicon, clinoenstatite, forsterite, plagiocla~e, nepheline and cordierlte can also be pre~nt.
Aluminum oxide and rutile are furthermore used.
Kaolins, ball clays, pota3h feldspars, pegna-tlte~, flint, quartz ~and, cry~talline quartz, chalk, talc and expressed oils are preferably used.
Aluminum oxide ls used i~ particular.
The heating element supports are shaped by ~haping processes customary in ceramics, ~uch aq ~lip ca~ting, and in thi~ ca~e hollow ca~ting for complicated and thin-walled pieces, such as solid castiny for thick-walled pieces and casting under pxes~ure.
Other proca~ses are manual brushing-in of compo sitions of coarse~grained chamotte; a6 well a~ pressing out, extrusion, pre~ing of ~ine-grainad compositionc in the plastic state and hydro~t~tic pressing.
The shaped article~ thus produced are baked at tempsra-tures in the range f rom 400 to 1700C.
Preferrad shape~ for the heating element support~
are ray or star shapes, the individual rays bein~ con structed in the form of strip3. Other sh~pe~ are circle~
inside one another, connected by crosspieces, as well as rectangular or oval figures and/or any combînation~ of the geo~etric figure mentioned. The strip~ can be square, rectanglllar, triangular, circular or oval in cross-section or in a combined fo~m.
On the upp~r side of the heatiny element ~upports are u ually hooked, circular, o~al, cyli~drical or pyramidal, preferably hooked or ~awtooth like~ pro~ec-tions, in or on which the heating el~men ~ are fixed. The hooksd pro~ections can have the ~hape of an inverted "L~, and ~hey c~n remain in their basic shape or be bent slightly with re~pect to one another. If the pro~ections 2 0 ~ 7 2 g3 ~
are ~eformed, thay are usually defo~ed al~ernately to one or other side, that L~ to say they point aither inward or outward. The pro~ectlons can be opposite one another or else located diagonally. ~he decisive featu~e here i~ that the heating element can be embedded irmly into the a~choring according to it~ shape.
It is often suficient for the upper side o~ the heating element support to have reces~e~ which partly imitate the shape of the heating alement. The di~tances between tha pro~ection~ or th~ di~meter~ oE the reces~es here ~hould be at least the same a~ but E~referably omewhat smaller than the diameters of the heating element.
In addition to these fixings on the heatiny elemenk support, the heating elaments can also be fixed by means of adhe3ives which are known per ~e, such a~ are described, for example, in EP-A-130 629l which i~
expre~sly referred to in thi~ connection.
Prefsrred adhesive~ are water-gla3ses, silica ~ol~ and ceramic adhe3ives.
Since according to the~e arrangements the heating el~ments largely li~ free, that i~ to say contack with the pro~ection~ or reces~e~ i8 small, they radiate toward all side~, which mean that the affi~iency is increa~ed con~iderably compared wi~h radiant heater~ haviny heatlng element ~upport3 which cover the antire ~urf ace .
The radiant heat unit~ ~re u~ually circular in 3hape, but any de~ired ~hape~ o~ haated surface~ can be ropresented by mean~ of the heating element supports u ed according to the invention.
The heating ele~ents themsalve~ are usually meandering, spiral or ~traight in shape and are usually operated by means of elec~ric current.
During a qe~bly, the heating element is u~ually inserted into the heating element suppor~ by gentle pressure or by twi~ting and i8 therefore fixed but not rigidly clamped. In this wag, temperature-dependent expansion of the heatlng re~istance i~ not impeded.
The radiant he2t units can be operated by con~rol rods with electronic and also con~entional ~mperature - 5 ~ v~ ~3 ~
monitorinq.
The the.rmal lnsulatlon corlsi3tiny of a micro~
porou~ thermal ln~ulator pr~ferably ha~ the following compo~ltian.
30 - 100 ~ by waight of fine;L~ dlvided metal oxide, 0 - 50 ~ by weight of opac:ifying agent, 0 - 50 ~ by waight of fiber material and 0 - lS ~ by weight of inor~anic binder material.
Preferred composition~ contain:
30 ~ 89 % by weight of finely divided metal oxids, 10 - S0 % by weight of opacifyin~ agent, 1 ~ 50 ~ by weight o fi~er matexial and 0 - 5 % by weight of inorgcinia bindsr material.
Par~icularly good re~ults are achieYed with the following compo~ition~:
50 - 89 % by weight of finely di~ided metal o~ide, 20 - 40 ~ by waight of opacifying agent, 5 - 70 % by weight o~ fiber materi~l and 0.5 - 2 % by weight of inor~anic binder m~terial.
Examples of finely dlvided metal oxide ar~
p~rogenicall~ produced ~ilicic acid~, including arced silicic acids r low-alkali precipitated ~ilicic acids, alumin~m oxide, titanium o~ide and zirconi~m oxid*
prepared analogou~ly, and mixtureY thexeof. Pyrogenically produced 8ilicic acid, aluminum oxide or a mixture thereof are pre~erably u~ed. The finely di~ided metal oxida~ hav~ specific suxface area~ o~ pre~erably 50 - 700 m2/g, in partlcular 70 - 400 m2Jg.
Examples of opacifyi~g agent~ are iLm~nite, titanium dio~ide, silico~ carbide, iron(II)Jiron(III) mixed oxide, chromium dioxide, zirconium oxide, mangane~e dioxide, iron oxide, silicon dioxida, al~minum oxide and zirronium 3ilicata, and mixture~ thereof. Ilmeni~e and zirconium silicat~ are preferably used. Th opacifying agent~ advantageously have an ab~orption maxLmum in the infraxed re~gion between 1.5 and 10 ~m.
~ Exz~ples of fiber material arc gla~s wool, rock : wool, ba~alt wool, slag wool, ceramic fiber~t such a~ are obtained from melt3 of alumi~um o~ide and/or silicon w 6 ~ 2 ~ 6 r~
oxide, and as~e~to3 fibers, and mixtures thereof. Fibers obtained from a melt of aluminum oxide and/or ~ilicon oxide are preferably used.
Inorganic binder~ which can be u~ed are all ~he binder~ which are known for u~e in microporou~, pres~ed thermal in~ulator~. Examples of such binders are di~-closed, for example, in EP-A-29227, which i~ expressly referred to in this connection. Borides of aluminum, of titanium, of ~irconium or o~ calcium, silicides ~uch a-~
calcium siliclde and calcium/aluminum silicide, and inparticular boron carbide are pre~erably employed. Ex-amples of other constltuents are ba~ic oxide~, in par-ticular magnesium o~ide, calcium oxids or barium oxide.
The productlon of the thermal insulation consi~t-ing of a microporous, pressed thermal insulator preferab-ly comprise the following process ~teps:
a) preliminary compaction of the thermal insulating mixture based on ~inely divided metal oxide under pres-sures of 1 to 5 bar, in particular 2 ~ar or approxLmately 2 bar;
; b) pressing of the precompacted material into the desired shape under final pres3ures o~ 8 to 20 bar, the thickness of the re~ulting shapes preferably being 1 to 25 mm, in particular 2 to 10 mm; and c) if appropriate heating of the pressed article at temperature of 100 to 900C.
The gases enclo~ed in the bulk material should be able to escape during the prel ~inary comp~ction a~d pre~sing. The compaction and pressing are therefore pre~erably carried out while applying reduced pres~ure.
The dega~sing can al50 already be carried out before the compactio~ or pressing.
A pressing tool which ha8 prominences or depres-~ion~ which image the geo~etric shape of the heating element support can be used during the pressing opera-tion. Firm anchoring of the heating element support in the thermal insulation i~ achievad in this way. The hea~ing element support can also additionally be flxed in or on the thermal insulation by clamping or gluing.
2 ~
Radiant heat unit~ according to the l~ventlon are us~d for heating a plate, in particular a glas~ cex~nic plate, in radiant heaters of ovens, i.n particular bake~y ovan~, in radLant heater~ or in halogen radiators.
Radiant heaters have a resistance wire a~ the source of heat, and halogen radiators a halogen lamp. H~logen and xesi~tance wire heaters combined in a radian~ heater have recently been disclosed.
Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in Figures 1 and 2. In these figures:
1 denot2s a microporou~ thermal insulator 2 denotes a ceramic heating element ~upport 3 denotQs a heating coi:L
The invention relates to a radiant heat unit compri~ing a heating element, a heating el~ment support and a thermal lnsulation located below the heating element support.
Such radiant heat units are known from DE-A-2165569, DE-A-2551137 and the corre~ponding US-A-4161648, DE-~-2339768 and the corre~ponding GB-A-1433478, DE-C-2760339 llnd EP-A-204185 and the : 10 corresponding US-A-4713527.
~ DE-A-2165569 describes supports for the heating ele%lents, : which cover part of the surface or the entire surface and a thermal Lnsulation, located i~ appropriat~ below the ~upport, consi~ting of mineral wool and/or gla~ wool arranged in layers, to allow a sprung bedding for the support.
DE-A-2551137, DE-~-2339768, DE-C-2730339 and EP-A-204185 each describo supports which cover the entire surface for the heating ele~ents, it being pos3ible, i appropriate, for the heating elament to be fixed by being laid, ; clamped or or glued in or on rece~ses or projections provided for this purpo~e, and a thsrm~l i.n~ulation, located belo~ the support, con~i~ting of a micropor~u~
thermal insulator.
Since a material which i~ relatively strong m~chanically and at the 3~me tLme ha3 a high tel~per~ture resi~tance is needed for the heating el~ment support3, ~uch material~ have a low thermal in~ulatin~ capacity, which mean~ that design~ of the heating element supports, which cover the entire surface, coun~eract high efficiancies.
: Th~ ob~ect of the i~vention i~ to provide a radia~t heat unit which is easy to handle during a~sembly and allow~ high efficiencies.
The inven ion relat~ to a radiant heat unit compri~ing a heating element, a heating elem~nt support and a thennal insulation loca~ed below the heating element support, wherein the haating element support is 2~2~
~, constructed no~ to cover the enti:re ~urface of the tharmal in~ulatlon locateA below 1~ and the thermal in~ulatloll con~ s o~ a microporou3 thennal in~ulator.
The total energy con3umption in a radiant heat unit accordi~g to the invention is reduced by up to 10 ~
relati~a to a radlant heater in which the heating element i~ bedded on a heatlng ~l~m~rlt support which cover~ the entire surface.
The as~embly of the radiant heat unit accordln~
to the in~ention i~ made considerably ea~ier ~ince the heating element can be introduced in~o the heatlng element support out~ide the radiant heat unit and the final assembly to gi~e the complete radiant heat unit can sub~equently be carried ouk. This ls of advantage in particular because of the low mechanical. stahility o~ the thermal insulation COnBiSting of a microporous thsrmal in~ulator.
According to the i~ention, the heat~ng element support does not cov~r the entire surface of the thermal insulation located below it. It preferably co~ers 5 to 70 %, ln particular 10 to 20 %, of the sur~ace of the thermal insulation located below it.
: A mechanically strong material which ha6 resist-ance to change~ in tempsrature, high temperature re8i8t ance, low temperaturo-dependent expansion and shrinkage and/or a high electrical resistance is required for the heating element support. Furthenmore, no alkali should be pre~ent, in ord~r to avoid destruction of the haating ; ele~ent~.
Since the heating element ~uppoxt can have various shapes, particular requirements are additionally to be Lmposad on the ~upport material in respect of shaping, which is why ceramic materials are usually used.
Such matexial~ ar~ known and are de~cribed, for example, in Singer, Industrielle Reramlk ~Indu~trial Ceramics), Yolu~e three, SpringarYerlag, 1966, in particular on pages 126 156.
Preferred support m~terials are clay6, such as : China clay or kaolin, bentonite, quartz, feld3par, 2~72~7 Cornish ~tone and chamotte from earthenwara, porcela~n, fireclay, ~llimanite and magne~it~. Smaller amounts of granite, hsaalt, porphyry, chalk, calcite, dolomite, magneYite, corundum, graphlke, talc:, rutlle, baryt~, gyp~um, zirconium oxide, ~ill~nanite, cobalt ore, chrom-ium ore, molten quartz, ~ilLcon carbide, ferrosilicon, clinoenstatite, forsterite, plagiocla~e, nepheline and cordierlte can also be pre~nt.
Aluminum oxide and rutile are furthermore used.
Kaolins, ball clays, pota3h feldspars, pegna-tlte~, flint, quartz ~and, cry~talline quartz, chalk, talc and expressed oils are preferably used.
Aluminum oxide ls used i~ particular.
The heating element supports are shaped by ~haping processes customary in ceramics, ~uch aq ~lip ca~ting, and in thi~ ca~e hollow ca~ting for complicated and thin-walled pieces, such as solid castiny for thick-walled pieces and casting under pxes~ure.
Other proca~ses are manual brushing-in of compo sitions of coarse~grained chamotte; a6 well a~ pressing out, extrusion, pre~ing of ~ine-grainad compositionc in the plastic state and hydro~t~tic pressing.
The shaped article~ thus produced are baked at tempsra-tures in the range f rom 400 to 1700C.
Preferrad shape~ for the heating element support~
are ray or star shapes, the individual rays bein~ con structed in the form of strip3. Other sh~pe~ are circle~
inside one another, connected by crosspieces, as well as rectangular or oval figures and/or any combînation~ of the geo~etric figure mentioned. The strip~ can be square, rectanglllar, triangular, circular or oval in cross-section or in a combined fo~m.
On the upp~r side of the heatiny element ~upports are u ually hooked, circular, o~al, cyli~drical or pyramidal, preferably hooked or ~awtooth like~ pro~ec-tions, in or on which the heating el~men ~ are fixed. The hooksd pro~ections can have the ~hape of an inverted "L~, and ~hey c~n remain in their basic shape or be bent slightly with re~pect to one another. If the pro~ections 2 0 ~ 7 2 g3 ~
are ~eformed, thay are usually defo~ed al~ernately to one or other side, that L~ to say they point aither inward or outward. The pro~ectlons can be opposite one another or else located diagonally. ~he decisive featu~e here i~ that the heating element can be embedded irmly into the a~choring according to it~ shape.
It is often suficient for the upper side o~ the heating element support to have reces~e~ which partly imitate the shape of the heating alement. The di~tances between tha pro~ection~ or th~ di~meter~ oE the reces~es here ~hould be at least the same a~ but E~referably omewhat smaller than the diameters of the heating element.
In addition to these fixings on the heatiny elemenk support, the heating elaments can also be fixed by means of adhe3ives which are known per ~e, such a~ are described, for example, in EP-A-130 629l which i~
expre~sly referred to in thi~ connection.
Prefsrred adhesive~ are water-gla3ses, silica ~ol~ and ceramic adhe3ives.
Since according to the~e arrangements the heating el~ments largely li~ free, that i~ to say contack with the pro~ection~ or reces~e~ i8 small, they radiate toward all side~, which mean that the affi~iency is increa~ed con~iderably compared wi~h radiant heater~ haviny heatlng element ~upport3 which cover the antire ~urf ace .
The radiant heat unit~ ~re u~ually circular in 3hape, but any de~ired ~hape~ o~ haated surface~ can be ropresented by mean~ of the heating element supports u ed according to the invention.
The heating ele~ents themsalve~ are usually meandering, spiral or ~traight in shape and are usually operated by means of elec~ric current.
During a qe~bly, the heating element is u~ually inserted into the heating element suppor~ by gentle pressure or by twi~ting and i8 therefore fixed but not rigidly clamped. In this wag, temperature-dependent expansion of the heatlng re~istance i~ not impeded.
The radiant he2t units can be operated by con~rol rods with electronic and also con~entional ~mperature - 5 ~ v~ ~3 ~
monitorinq.
The the.rmal lnsulatlon corlsi3tiny of a micro~
porou~ thermal ln~ulator pr~ferably ha~ the following compo~ltian.
30 - 100 ~ by waight of fine;L~ dlvided metal oxide, 0 - 50 ~ by weight of opac:ifying agent, 0 - 50 ~ by waight of fiber material and 0 - lS ~ by weight of inor~anic binder material.
Preferred composition~ contain:
30 ~ 89 % by weight of finely divided metal oxids, 10 - S0 % by weight of opacifyin~ agent, 1 ~ 50 ~ by weight o fi~er matexial and 0 - 5 % by weight of inorgcinia bindsr material.
Par~icularly good re~ults are achieYed with the following compo~ition~:
50 - 89 % by weight of finely di~ided metal o~ide, 20 - 40 ~ by waight of opacifying agent, 5 - 70 % by weight o~ fiber materi~l and 0.5 - 2 % by weight of inor~anic binder m~terial.
Examples of finely dlvided metal oxide ar~
p~rogenicall~ produced ~ilicic acid~, including arced silicic acids r low-alkali precipitated ~ilicic acids, alumin~m oxide, titanium o~ide and zirconi~m oxid*
prepared analogou~ly, and mixtureY thexeof. Pyrogenically produced 8ilicic acid, aluminum oxide or a mixture thereof are pre~erably u~ed. The finely di~ided metal oxida~ hav~ specific suxface area~ o~ pre~erably 50 - 700 m2/g, in partlcular 70 - 400 m2Jg.
Examples of opacifyi~g agent~ are iLm~nite, titanium dio~ide, silico~ carbide, iron(II)Jiron(III) mixed oxide, chromium dioxide, zirconium oxide, mangane~e dioxide, iron oxide, silicon dioxida, al~minum oxide and zirronium 3ilicata, and mixture~ thereof. Ilmeni~e and zirconium silicat~ are preferably used. Th opacifying agent~ advantageously have an ab~orption maxLmum in the infraxed re~gion between 1.5 and 10 ~m.
~ Exz~ples of fiber material arc gla~s wool, rock : wool, ba~alt wool, slag wool, ceramic fiber~t such a~ are obtained from melt3 of alumi~um o~ide and/or silicon w 6 ~ 2 ~ 6 r~
oxide, and as~e~to3 fibers, and mixtures thereof. Fibers obtained from a melt of aluminum oxide and/or ~ilicon oxide are preferably used.
Inorganic binder~ which can be u~ed are all ~he binder~ which are known for u~e in microporou~, pres~ed thermal in~ulator~. Examples of such binders are di~-closed, for example, in EP-A-29227, which i~ expressly referred to in this connection. Borides of aluminum, of titanium, of ~irconium or o~ calcium, silicides ~uch a-~
calcium siliclde and calcium/aluminum silicide, and inparticular boron carbide are pre~erably employed. Ex-amples of other constltuents are ba~ic oxide~, in par-ticular magnesium o~ide, calcium oxids or barium oxide.
The productlon of the thermal insulation consi~t-ing of a microporous, pressed thermal insulator preferab-ly comprise the following process ~teps:
a) preliminary compaction of the thermal insulating mixture based on ~inely divided metal oxide under pres-sures of 1 to 5 bar, in particular 2 ~ar or approxLmately 2 bar;
; b) pressing of the precompacted material into the desired shape under final pres3ures o~ 8 to 20 bar, the thickness of the re~ulting shapes preferably being 1 to 25 mm, in particular 2 to 10 mm; and c) if appropriate heating of the pressed article at temperature of 100 to 900C.
The gases enclo~ed in the bulk material should be able to escape during the prel ~inary comp~ction a~d pre~sing. The compaction and pressing are therefore pre~erably carried out while applying reduced pres~ure.
The dega~sing can al50 already be carried out before the compactio~ or pressing.
A pressing tool which ha8 prominences or depres-~ion~ which image the geo~etric shape of the heating element support can be used during the pressing opera-tion. Firm anchoring of the heating element support in the thermal insulation i~ achievad in this way. The hea~ing element support can also additionally be flxed in or on the thermal insulation by clamping or gluing.
2 ~
Radiant heat unit~ according to the l~ventlon are us~d for heating a plate, in particular a glas~ cex~nic plate, in radiant heaters of ovens, i.n particular bake~y ovan~, in radLant heater~ or in halogen radiators.
Radiant heaters have a resistance wire a~ the source of heat, and halogen radiators a halogen lamp. H~logen and xesi~tance wire heaters combined in a radian~ heater have recently been disclosed.
Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in Figures 1 and 2. In these figures:
1 denot2s a microporou~ thermal insulator 2 denotes a ceramic heating element ~upport 3 denotQs a heating coi:L
4 denotes a sawtooth~like retaining cone Figure 2 repr0sent~ an enlarged longikudirlal section of Figure 1.
Example 1 Clay was made into a pa~te with water to give a plastic, ~asily shaped mass. This mas~ wa~ rolled out to a thickneæs o~ 5 ~m.
An eight-rayed ~tar cross which was additionally ~tabil-i~ed by a square on the tip wa~ shaped from thi~ using a blade. The ray width -~a~ 11 mm. The diameter of the entire holder wa~ 178 mm~ Sawtooth-like holding cone~ of tha clay mass ~erQ positioned on the rays ~uch that they imitated a spiral geometry. ~hi~ heating element ~upport was baked at a temperature of 1050C.
A thermal insulatio~ con~i~ting of 62.5 ~ by weight o~ pyrogeni~ally produced silicic acid, 31.7 ~ by weight of zirconium silicate, 5 ~ by weight of aluminum ~ilicate fiber and : 0.8 ~ by weight of boron carb~de wa~ pre~3ad, using a pre~sure ram which imagad th~
geomstry of the heating elemQnt ~upport, to a molding having a diameter of 198 mm, edge height o~ 10 mm, o~erall he:ight 3f 31 mm and basa heigh~ of 16 mmy and ~he molding wa,~ treated in an oven at ~00C for 1 hour.
A heating coil ~diameter 5 mm, wire thickness 2 ~ l~ 12 ~3 7 a 0.8 mm) wa~ laid .in the heating element ~upport. The heating element support equipped in this way was laid in the thermal insulstion, the heatlng element support being fixed in the thenmal insulation by 2 metal clamp~.
S The radiant heat unit having an ouput of 1800 watt was sub~ected to a fatigue te~t lasting 100 hour~ with on and off cycles of lS minute~.
~xample 2 The procedure accerding to Example 1 ~as repeat-ed, with the modification that the ceramic holder was ~quare in construction. The ray width was al50 11 mm here, and the edge length of t~le square wa~ 240 mm. The appearance of the ceramic holder corresponded to Example 1, but the rays were lengthened 60 that they fill a square of edge length 240 mm. The ray ends were stabilized by ~ square fram0 of the 8ame ceramic.
A thermal in~ulation con~i~ting of 62.5 ~ by weight of pyroganically produced siliciG
acid, 37.7 % by weight of zi~conium silicate3, 5.0 % by weight of aluminum 3ilicate fiber~ and 0.8 % by weight of boron carbide was preQsed by mean~ of a pre~sure ram which imaged the geometry o~ the heating element support to give a molding having tho following dimen~ion~:
external length o~ square 300 mm, edge width 30 mm, e~dge height 14 mm, b~se height 16 mm, overall height 30 mm.
The heating element ~upport with heating coil according to Ex~mple 1 was laid in thi~ moldin0 and fixed with 5 holding clamp8. This unit wa~ subjected to the f atigue te~t according to Example 1 .
Example 3 The procedure accordi ng to Example 1 wa~ repeat-ed, with the modification that th~ resi~ance wire wa~
not in the shape of a coil but wai constructed a~ a level f lattened wire .
Example 1 Clay was made into a pa~te with water to give a plastic, ~asily shaped mass. This mas~ wa~ rolled out to a thickneæs o~ 5 ~m.
An eight-rayed ~tar cross which was additionally ~tabil-i~ed by a square on the tip wa~ shaped from thi~ using a blade. The ray width -~a~ 11 mm. The diameter of the entire holder wa~ 178 mm~ Sawtooth-like holding cone~ of tha clay mass ~erQ positioned on the rays ~uch that they imitated a spiral geometry. ~hi~ heating element ~upport was baked at a temperature of 1050C.
A thermal insulatio~ con~i~ting of 62.5 ~ by weight o~ pyrogeni~ally produced silicic acid, 31.7 ~ by weight of zirconium silicate, 5 ~ by weight of aluminum ~ilicate fiber and : 0.8 ~ by weight of boron carb~de wa~ pre~3ad, using a pre~sure ram which imagad th~
geomstry of the heating elemQnt ~upport, to a molding having a diameter of 198 mm, edge height o~ 10 mm, o~erall he:ight 3f 31 mm and basa heigh~ of 16 mmy and ~he molding wa,~ treated in an oven at ~00C for 1 hour.
A heating coil ~diameter 5 mm, wire thickness 2 ~ l~ 12 ~3 7 a 0.8 mm) wa~ laid .in the heating element ~upport. The heating element support equipped in this way was laid in the thermal insulstion, the heatlng element support being fixed in the thenmal insulation by 2 metal clamp~.
S The radiant heat unit having an ouput of 1800 watt was sub~ected to a fatigue te~t lasting 100 hour~ with on and off cycles of lS minute~.
~xample 2 The procedure accerding to Example 1 ~as repeat-ed, with the modification that the ceramic holder was ~quare in construction. The ray width was al50 11 mm here, and the edge length of t~le square wa~ 240 mm. The appearance of the ceramic holder corresponded to Example 1, but the rays were lengthened 60 that they fill a square of edge length 240 mm. The ray ends were stabilized by ~ square fram0 of the 8ame ceramic.
A thermal in~ulation con~i~ting of 62.5 ~ by weight of pyroganically produced siliciG
acid, 37.7 % by weight of zi~conium silicate3, 5.0 % by weight of aluminum 3ilicate fiber~ and 0.8 % by weight of boron carbide was preQsed by mean~ of a pre~sure ram which imaged the geometry o~ the heating element support to give a molding having tho following dimen~ion~:
external length o~ square 300 mm, edge width 30 mm, e~dge height 14 mm, b~se height 16 mm, overall height 30 mm.
The heating element ~upport with heating coil according to Ex~mple 1 was laid in thi~ moldin0 and fixed with 5 holding clamp8. This unit wa~ subjected to the f atigue te~t according to Example 1 .
Example 3 The procedure accordi ng to Example 1 wa~ repeat-ed, with the modification that th~ resi~ance wire wa~
not in the shape of a coil but wai constructed a~ a level f lattened wire .
Claims (9)
- Patent claims l. A radiant heat unit comprising a heating element, a heating element support and a thermal insulation located below the heating element support, wherein the heating element support is constructed not to cover the entire surface of the thermal insulation located below it and the thermal insulation consists of a microporous thermal insulator.
- 2. The radiant heat unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heating element support covers 5 to 70 % of the surface of the thermal insulation located below it.
- 3. The radiant heat unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heating element support covers 10 to 20 % of the surface of the thermal insulation located below it.
- 4. The radiant heat unit as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 3, wherein the heating element support consists of a mechanically strong material which has resistance to changes in temperature, high temperature resistance, low temperature-dependent expansion and shrinkage and/or a high electrical resistance.
- 5. The radiant heat unit as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 4, wherein the heating element support consists of a ceramic material.
- 6. The radiant heat unit as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 5, wherein the heating element support consists of aluminum oxide.
- 7. The radiant heat unit as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 6, wherein the heating element support has a ray or star shape.
- 8. The radiant heat unit as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 7, wherein the thermal insulation has the following composition:
30 - 100 % by weight of finely divided metal oxide, 0 - 50 % by weight of opacifying agent, 0 - 50 % by weight of fiber material and 0 - 15 % by wright of inorganic binder material. - 9. The use of the radiant heat unit as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 8 for heating a plate, in particular a glass ceramic plate, in a radiant heater of an oven, in particular a bakery oven, in a radiant heater or in a halogen radiator.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3935031A DE3935031A1 (en) | 1989-10-20 | 1989-10-20 | radiant heater |
| DEP3935031.2 | 1989-10-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2067207A1 true CA2067207A1 (en) | 1991-04-21 |
Family
ID=6391880
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002067207A Abandoned CA2067207A1 (en) | 1989-10-20 | 1990-10-19 | Radiant heat unit |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0495897A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH04503427A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR920702180A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2067207A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3935031A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1991006193A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4304539A1 (en) * | 1993-02-11 | 1994-08-18 | Belzig Elektrowaerme Gmbh | Radiant heater for glass ceramic cooking surfaces |
| DE4331702A1 (en) * | 1993-09-17 | 1995-03-23 | Wacker Chemie Gmbh | Radiant heater, in particular for heating a glass ceramic hotplate |
| DE4332884A1 (en) * | 1993-09-21 | 1995-03-23 | Belzig Elektrowaerme Gmbh | Radiant heater for glass ceramic hobs (vitreous ceramic hobs) |
| GB9505153D0 (en) † | 1995-03-14 | 1995-05-03 | Rockwool Int | Method of making mineral fibres |
| DE29513519U1 (en) * | 1995-08-23 | 1995-11-30 | KKW Kulmbacher Klimageräte-Werk GmbH, 95326 Kulmbach | Thermal insulation |
| DE10016969A1 (en) * | 1999-04-14 | 2000-10-19 | Diehl Ako Stiftung Gmbh & Co | Microporous heat insulating body for radiative heater for cooking, comprises pressed heat insulator containing finely divided metal oxide, opacifying agent, fiber, graphite and inorganic binder |
| GB0113942D0 (en) * | 2001-06-08 | 2001-08-01 | Ceramaspeed Ltd | Radiant electric heater |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3346720A (en) * | 1965-05-25 | 1967-10-10 | Gen Motors Corp | Infrared surface heating unit with corrugated ribbon-shaped filament |
| DE2165569C3 (en) * | 1971-12-30 | 1986-05-28 | E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer, 7519 Oberderdingen | Electric cooker with a top plate made of highly heat-resistant glass-like or ceramic material |
| DE2205132C3 (en) * | 1972-02-03 | 1980-09-04 | E.G.O. Elektro-Geraete Blanc U. Fischer, 7519 Oberderdingen | Electric cooker |
| DE2747663A1 (en) * | 1977-10-24 | 1979-04-26 | Gruenzweig Hartmann Glasfaser | Coatings for compressed mixts. of silica opacifier and mineral wool - comprises a mixt. of inorganic binder, filler, pigment and mineral wool |
| DE3020326C2 (en) * | 1980-05-29 | 1985-12-19 | Grünzweig + Hartmann und Glasfaser AG, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Radiant heater with an electrical heating coil, in particular for a glass ceramic hotplate |
| US4894515A (en) * | 1985-04-08 | 1990-01-16 | The Kanthal Corporation | Hot plate for cooking |
| JPH0727798B2 (en) * | 1986-03-31 | 1995-03-29 | 京セラ株式会社 | Ceramic Heater |
| JPS62240013A (en) * | 1986-04-11 | 1987-10-20 | ザ カンサ−ル コ−ポレイシヨン | Hot plate for cooking |
-
1989
- 1989-10-20 DE DE3935031A patent/DE3935031A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1990
- 1990-10-19 CA CA002067207A patent/CA2067207A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-10-19 EP EP90916002A patent/EP0495897A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-10-19 WO PCT/EP1990/001772 patent/WO1991006193A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-10-19 KR KR1019910700571A patent/KR920702180A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-10-19 JP JP2514738A patent/JPH04503427A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3935031A1 (en) | 1991-04-25 |
| JPH04503427A (en) | 1992-06-18 |
| WO1991006193A1 (en) | 1991-05-02 |
| EP0495897A1 (en) | 1992-07-29 |
| KR920702180A (en) | 1992-08-12 |
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