CA2055080A1 - Rock bolting - Google Patents
Rock boltingInfo
- Publication number
- CA2055080A1 CA2055080A1 CA 2055080 CA2055080A CA2055080A1 CA 2055080 A1 CA2055080 A1 CA 2055080A1 CA 2055080 CA2055080 CA 2055080 CA 2055080 A CA2055080 A CA 2055080A CA 2055080 A1 CA2055080 A1 CA 2055080A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- station
- boom
- bolting
- rock
- head
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Landscapes
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract To place rock bolts, a rock bolting head 26 mounted at the end of a boom 24. The head 26 incorporates a drilling station and a bolting station which are fixed in position relative to one another. When resin bonded bolts are being used, the head will also incorporate a resin injection station. The boom is moved, under computer control, so that the drilling station is positioned at the point where a bolt is to be placed. A hole is drilled, and then the boom is moved again to position the injection station in line with the drilled hole. Resin is injected and then the boom is moved again to position the bolting station in line with the hole so that a bolt can be inserted and secured.
Figure 2 SP832.CA
30 October 1991
Figure 2 SP832.CA
30 October 1991
Description
~`' . `~3 ROCK BOLTING
This invention relates to rock bolting as used in mining and similar fields for placing and securing rock bolts. The invention extends to a method for inserting rock bolts and to apparatus for inserting rock bolts.
The technique of rock bolting is well known. ~t consists of drilling a hole in a rock face, inserting a length of rod i~to the hole (a so-called rock bolt3, securing the inner end of the bolt in the hole and then securing the outer end of the bolt against the rock face. This has the effect of anchoring ~he rock face back to the rock at the depth of the hole.
It is known to anchor the inner end of the rock bolt either by using a mechanical anchor, or by inserting a settable resin into the hole. The present invention is concerned particularly with resin bonded bolts, but is also applicable to mechanically anchored bolts.
It is known to mount a rock bolting head at the end of a boom, so that by movement of the boom the rock bolting head can be positioned at a range of different places and a series of bolts can be put in place in accordance with a pre-determined bolting pattern. It is necessary to carry out three sequential operations in order to place a resin bonded bolt; ie drilling the hole, inserting the resin and placing and securing the bolt. In a known apparatus, the rock bolting head includes a locating member which is first locked into position against the rock face. A carriage which supports a rock drill, a resin injection head and a bolt supply unit is mounted relative to the locating member for rotation about the axis of the locating member. The apparatus is then operated by actuating the drill to drill SP~32 . CA
30 October 19g1 - 2 ~
a hole, indexing the carriage about the axis of the locating member until the injection unit registers with the hole drilled by the drill, inserting the resin and then indexing the carriage again until the bolt insertion unit registers with the hole.
The known apparatus has two specific disadvantages.
Firstly, considerable accuracy is required in respect of the indexing movement ahout the axis of the locating member if the resin insertion and the bolt insertion are to reliably line up with the hole drilled by the drill. The rock bolting head is however operating under adverse conditions and rock debris inevita~ly becomes trapped in whatever bearing arrangement is used between the carriage and the locating member. As a result, over the course of time the bearing becomes worn and sloppy leading to inaccuracies.
Secondly, where the axis of the locating member is at riyht angles to the rock surface, then th~ positions of the injection unit and the bolt insertion unit will reliably line up with the drilled hole (assumin~ no undue wear in the bearings). However in the situation where the axis of the locating member is not at right angles to the rock face, then the reliability of positioning of the apparatus is severely limited, and in some cases the apparatus cannot be used at all because the injection and insertion units simply do not line up with th~ drilled hole.
According to the invention, there is provided a method o~
inserting rock bolts, the method comprising the steps of mounting a rock bolting h~ad which includes a drilling station and a bolting station at one end of a boom, moving the boom to position the dxilling station at the place where a rock bolt hole is to be drilled, drilling a hole, moving the bo~m to locate the bolting station below the hole S P832 . CA
30 Oc~ob~r 1991 3 - 2 ~ ~ J ~
drilled by the drilling station and inserting a bolt in the hole.
Preferably the rock bolting head also includes a grouting station, and the method includes the steps of moving the grouting station to register with the hole prior to the movement of the bolting station to register with the hole.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided rock bolting apparatus comprising a mobile chassis and a boom, one end of the boom being mounted on the chassis and the other end of the boom carrying a rock bolting head, wherein the rock bolting head carries a drilling station and a bolting station which stations are mounted in a fixed position relative to one another with no relative movement between the stations and the part of the head which is mounted on said other end of the boom, and wherein the boom is movable in slew, lift, and extend modes under computer control.
Where the apparatus is to be used for placing resin bonded bolts, then the rock bolting head will also include a resin injection station. Resin injection is also referred to as grouting.
It has been found that it is possible with computer control to position the remote end of a boom with very great accurac~. According to the invention, this results from the use of separate position transducers in each boom joint/pivot point, signals from all of whi~h are fed back to a central control unit. It is possible to programme the control unit to carry out a selected sequence of movements.
It has ~een found that by using such computer control of the boom, it is possible to entirely dispense with any movement S P832 . CA
30 October 191 in the rock bolting head itself so far as the positioning of the drilling station, the grouting station (if present) and the bolting station are concerned.
The drilling station, the grouting station and the bolting station will normally be arranged parallel with one another within the rock bolting head, and preferably the grouting station is arranged between the drilling station and the bolting station.
The invention will now be further described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a side view of rock bolting apparatus in accordance with the invention, in position in a mine tunnel;
Figure 2 is a plan view of the apparatus of Figure 1, illustrating a possible rock bolting pattern;
Figure 3 is a detail view of a boom and a rock bolting head in accordance with the invention;
Figure 4 is an end elevation of a rock bolting head in accordance with the invention;
Figure 5 is a side elevation of the head of Figure 4;
3~ Figure ~ is a plan view of the head of Figures 4 and 5;
and Figure 7 shows a resolver unit fitted at one of the boom joints, SP832. CA
30 October 1,,l v Figure 1 shows a mine tunnel with a floor 10 and a roof 12.
A vehicle 14 mounted on crawler tracks 16 is positioned in the tunnel. The vehicle is steered in a conventional manner. The vehicle has a boom support 22 on which a boom 24 is mounted. The boom itself will be described in more detail with reference to Figure 3. At the outer end of the boom is a rock bolting head 26, and this head will be described in more detail with reference to Figures 4, 5 and 6. Figure 1 shows two alternative positions of the head, Z6 and 26a, and the head can be positioned in either position 26 or position 26a, or indeed a variety of other positions by appropriate control of the boom 24.
Figure 2 is a plan view of the same ~-ehicle 14, in position between the two side walls 28, 30 of the mine tunnel. In Figure 2, a network of roof bolt positions 32 is shown. In order to stabilise a mine roof (or mine walls) it is conventional to insert a number of bolts normally in a pre-defined pattern such as the square grid shown in Figure 2.
Th~ boom 24 will be moved to each of the positions shown in chain dotted lines, in order to insert a bolt at each location 32.
Figure 3 shows the boom 24 in more detail. The boom has a back plate 34 which will be rigidly fixed to the support 22 on the vehicle 14. The main boom tube 36 is mounted relative to the plate 34 for rotation about a vertical axis 38 and about a horizontal axis 40. Movement about the axis 38 is controlled by a slew cylinder 42 and movement about the horizontal axis 40 is controlled by a li~t cylinder 44.
Both the cylinders 42 and 44 are conventional double-acting hydr~ulic piston/cylinder units connected between the boom and the base plate 34.
SP832 .C~;
30 October 1991 2 ~
The main boom tube 36 supports, in a telescopic manner, an inner boom tube 46 which can be extended from or retracted into the main tube 36 by means of an internal piston/
cylinder unit (not shown in the drawings). At the outer end of the boom a rollover unit 48 is mounted and this allows rotation about the axis of the boom in a manner as described, for example, in British patent specification 2 189 724. Finally, the rock bolting head 26 is mounted to the end of the boom for rotation about a horizontal tilt axis 50, and this movement is controlled by a hydraulic piston/cylinder unit 52.
At each axis of rotation and at the interface between the inner boom tube 46 and the main boom tube 36, a transducer is mounted which monitors the movement taking place.
Signals from all these transducers are passed to a control unit 53 on the vehicle 14. The control unit also sends signals to the hydraulic system to direct boom movement.
By suitably programming the control unit 53, it is possible for the rock bolting head 26 to be moved sequentially to a series of pre planned locations where rock ~olts can be inserted. If the control unit is programmed in this way, then the apparatus need only be placed in a starting position, and then the control unit can be responsible for all movements of the boom and the rock bolting head which are required to fix bolts at a series of different positions. It may also be possible for the control unit to contr~l movement of the vehicle 14 on the floor 10, to enable a still more extensive pattern of bolts to be fixed.
Figures 4, 5 and 6 show the rock bolting head itself. The head comprises a carriage 54 which is secured to the end of the boom 24. On this carriage a rock drill 56 with a feed ~eam 5~ is mounted at one side and a rock bolt insertion S P832 . CA
30 Octobcr 1991 ~ v ` ~; ~ 3 unit 60 is likewise mounted on a ~eed beam 59 on the other side. A tube 62 for injection of resin grout is also provided. The rock drill 56 and the insertion unit 60 are each of conventional construction, and their manner of operation will be clear to those skilled in the art. The insertion unit 60 may be associated with a magazine which supplies rock bolts to the unit for insertion.
In use, the boom is first moved to a position where the axis of the drill 56 registers with the location 32 where a rock bolt is to be placed. The boom can be brought to this position by operation of the control unit 53 or by operation of manual controls. Whichever method of boom placement is chosen, the transducers fitted in the boom will continue to send ~osition signals back to the control unit, so that the control unit at all times knows where the end of the boom iS .
The drill 56 is then operated to drill a hole in the rock of the necessary length. The drill is retracted, and a signal is thereupon sent to the control unit which tells the control unit to move the entire boom by a distance which coxresponds to the distance between the a~is of the drill 56 and the axis of the injection tube 62. Depending upon the position of the hole relative to the supports 22, this movement may require any combination of the possible modes of movement of the boom, ie lift, slew or extend. The amount of movement required will be small because the distance between the axis of the drill 56 and that of the tube 62 is small, but it would be within the power of the computer control to achieve this movement to a position where the tube 62 registers with the hole drilled by the drill 56.
Resin grout is then injected into the hole in any conv~ntional manner. After the injection stage has been SP832 . CA
30 October 1991 2 ~ a completed, the boom is moved again to line up the axis of the bolt insertion unit 60 with the hole so that a bolt can be run into the hole and then, once the grout has secured the bolt, the bolt can be tightened.
The movements to position the drilling station, then the grouting station and then the bolting station beneath the location 32 are all accomplished by movement of the boom itself, rather than by movements within the rock bolting head 26.
In place of resin bonded bolts, mechanically anchored bolts can be used, and in this case the grouting tube 62 can be omitted. Most known types of mechanically anchored bolts can be used.
Figure 7 illustrates, by way of example, a transducer which monitors the movement of the boom 36 about the axis 40. The boom is mounted for pivoting movement on a pin 64. The pin is secured to a bracket 66, and a resolver unit 68 has a part which is fast with the main boom tube 36. When the boom tube 36 moves about the axis 40, there is relative rotation between the parts 66 and 68 and this is detected by a resolution detector 70. A signal is then sent along a line 72 to the control unit 53. Resolver units 70, or transducers, are well known in the art and any conventional unit which is suitable for use in a mining environment can be used. The type of transducer required to monitor the sliding movement between the inner boom tube 46 and the main boom tube will also be readily apparent to one skilled in the art.
The invention thus provides an accurate method of positioning rock bolts in a rock wall which avoids the need for any moving parts in the positioning mechanism at the S P832 . ~A
30 October 1991 2~rL~ o location where the drilling for the rock bolt hole is carried out. This leads to simplification of the rock bolt head, and improved accuracy of registration between the drilling station, the grouting station and the bolting station.
SP832 . CA
30 October 1991
This invention relates to rock bolting as used in mining and similar fields for placing and securing rock bolts. The invention extends to a method for inserting rock bolts and to apparatus for inserting rock bolts.
The technique of rock bolting is well known. ~t consists of drilling a hole in a rock face, inserting a length of rod i~to the hole (a so-called rock bolt3, securing the inner end of the bolt in the hole and then securing the outer end of the bolt against the rock face. This has the effect of anchoring ~he rock face back to the rock at the depth of the hole.
It is known to anchor the inner end of the rock bolt either by using a mechanical anchor, or by inserting a settable resin into the hole. The present invention is concerned particularly with resin bonded bolts, but is also applicable to mechanically anchored bolts.
It is known to mount a rock bolting head at the end of a boom, so that by movement of the boom the rock bolting head can be positioned at a range of different places and a series of bolts can be put in place in accordance with a pre-determined bolting pattern. It is necessary to carry out three sequential operations in order to place a resin bonded bolt; ie drilling the hole, inserting the resin and placing and securing the bolt. In a known apparatus, the rock bolting head includes a locating member which is first locked into position against the rock face. A carriage which supports a rock drill, a resin injection head and a bolt supply unit is mounted relative to the locating member for rotation about the axis of the locating member. The apparatus is then operated by actuating the drill to drill SP~32 . CA
30 October 19g1 - 2 ~
a hole, indexing the carriage about the axis of the locating member until the injection unit registers with the hole drilled by the drill, inserting the resin and then indexing the carriage again until the bolt insertion unit registers with the hole.
The known apparatus has two specific disadvantages.
Firstly, considerable accuracy is required in respect of the indexing movement ahout the axis of the locating member if the resin insertion and the bolt insertion are to reliably line up with the hole drilled by the drill. The rock bolting head is however operating under adverse conditions and rock debris inevita~ly becomes trapped in whatever bearing arrangement is used between the carriage and the locating member. As a result, over the course of time the bearing becomes worn and sloppy leading to inaccuracies.
Secondly, where the axis of the locating member is at riyht angles to the rock surface, then th~ positions of the injection unit and the bolt insertion unit will reliably line up with the drilled hole (assumin~ no undue wear in the bearings). However in the situation where the axis of the locating member is not at right angles to the rock face, then the reliability of positioning of the apparatus is severely limited, and in some cases the apparatus cannot be used at all because the injection and insertion units simply do not line up with th~ drilled hole.
According to the invention, there is provided a method o~
inserting rock bolts, the method comprising the steps of mounting a rock bolting h~ad which includes a drilling station and a bolting station at one end of a boom, moving the boom to position the dxilling station at the place where a rock bolt hole is to be drilled, drilling a hole, moving the bo~m to locate the bolting station below the hole S P832 . CA
30 Oc~ob~r 1991 3 - 2 ~ ~ J ~
drilled by the drilling station and inserting a bolt in the hole.
Preferably the rock bolting head also includes a grouting station, and the method includes the steps of moving the grouting station to register with the hole prior to the movement of the bolting station to register with the hole.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided rock bolting apparatus comprising a mobile chassis and a boom, one end of the boom being mounted on the chassis and the other end of the boom carrying a rock bolting head, wherein the rock bolting head carries a drilling station and a bolting station which stations are mounted in a fixed position relative to one another with no relative movement between the stations and the part of the head which is mounted on said other end of the boom, and wherein the boom is movable in slew, lift, and extend modes under computer control.
Where the apparatus is to be used for placing resin bonded bolts, then the rock bolting head will also include a resin injection station. Resin injection is also referred to as grouting.
It has been found that it is possible with computer control to position the remote end of a boom with very great accurac~. According to the invention, this results from the use of separate position transducers in each boom joint/pivot point, signals from all of whi~h are fed back to a central control unit. It is possible to programme the control unit to carry out a selected sequence of movements.
It has ~een found that by using such computer control of the boom, it is possible to entirely dispense with any movement S P832 . CA
30 October 191 in the rock bolting head itself so far as the positioning of the drilling station, the grouting station (if present) and the bolting station are concerned.
The drilling station, the grouting station and the bolting station will normally be arranged parallel with one another within the rock bolting head, and preferably the grouting station is arranged between the drilling station and the bolting station.
The invention will now be further described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a side view of rock bolting apparatus in accordance with the invention, in position in a mine tunnel;
Figure 2 is a plan view of the apparatus of Figure 1, illustrating a possible rock bolting pattern;
Figure 3 is a detail view of a boom and a rock bolting head in accordance with the invention;
Figure 4 is an end elevation of a rock bolting head in accordance with the invention;
Figure 5 is a side elevation of the head of Figure 4;
3~ Figure ~ is a plan view of the head of Figures 4 and 5;
and Figure 7 shows a resolver unit fitted at one of the boom joints, SP832. CA
30 October 1,,l v Figure 1 shows a mine tunnel with a floor 10 and a roof 12.
A vehicle 14 mounted on crawler tracks 16 is positioned in the tunnel. The vehicle is steered in a conventional manner. The vehicle has a boom support 22 on which a boom 24 is mounted. The boom itself will be described in more detail with reference to Figure 3. At the outer end of the boom is a rock bolting head 26, and this head will be described in more detail with reference to Figures 4, 5 and 6. Figure 1 shows two alternative positions of the head, Z6 and 26a, and the head can be positioned in either position 26 or position 26a, or indeed a variety of other positions by appropriate control of the boom 24.
Figure 2 is a plan view of the same ~-ehicle 14, in position between the two side walls 28, 30 of the mine tunnel. In Figure 2, a network of roof bolt positions 32 is shown. In order to stabilise a mine roof (or mine walls) it is conventional to insert a number of bolts normally in a pre-defined pattern such as the square grid shown in Figure 2.
Th~ boom 24 will be moved to each of the positions shown in chain dotted lines, in order to insert a bolt at each location 32.
Figure 3 shows the boom 24 in more detail. The boom has a back plate 34 which will be rigidly fixed to the support 22 on the vehicle 14. The main boom tube 36 is mounted relative to the plate 34 for rotation about a vertical axis 38 and about a horizontal axis 40. Movement about the axis 38 is controlled by a slew cylinder 42 and movement about the horizontal axis 40 is controlled by a li~t cylinder 44.
Both the cylinders 42 and 44 are conventional double-acting hydr~ulic piston/cylinder units connected between the boom and the base plate 34.
SP832 .C~;
30 October 1991 2 ~
The main boom tube 36 supports, in a telescopic manner, an inner boom tube 46 which can be extended from or retracted into the main tube 36 by means of an internal piston/
cylinder unit (not shown in the drawings). At the outer end of the boom a rollover unit 48 is mounted and this allows rotation about the axis of the boom in a manner as described, for example, in British patent specification 2 189 724. Finally, the rock bolting head 26 is mounted to the end of the boom for rotation about a horizontal tilt axis 50, and this movement is controlled by a hydraulic piston/cylinder unit 52.
At each axis of rotation and at the interface between the inner boom tube 46 and the main boom tube 36, a transducer is mounted which monitors the movement taking place.
Signals from all these transducers are passed to a control unit 53 on the vehicle 14. The control unit also sends signals to the hydraulic system to direct boom movement.
By suitably programming the control unit 53, it is possible for the rock bolting head 26 to be moved sequentially to a series of pre planned locations where rock ~olts can be inserted. If the control unit is programmed in this way, then the apparatus need only be placed in a starting position, and then the control unit can be responsible for all movements of the boom and the rock bolting head which are required to fix bolts at a series of different positions. It may also be possible for the control unit to contr~l movement of the vehicle 14 on the floor 10, to enable a still more extensive pattern of bolts to be fixed.
Figures 4, 5 and 6 show the rock bolting head itself. The head comprises a carriage 54 which is secured to the end of the boom 24. On this carriage a rock drill 56 with a feed ~eam 5~ is mounted at one side and a rock bolt insertion S P832 . CA
30 Octobcr 1991 ~ v ` ~; ~ 3 unit 60 is likewise mounted on a ~eed beam 59 on the other side. A tube 62 for injection of resin grout is also provided. The rock drill 56 and the insertion unit 60 are each of conventional construction, and their manner of operation will be clear to those skilled in the art. The insertion unit 60 may be associated with a magazine which supplies rock bolts to the unit for insertion.
In use, the boom is first moved to a position where the axis of the drill 56 registers with the location 32 where a rock bolt is to be placed. The boom can be brought to this position by operation of the control unit 53 or by operation of manual controls. Whichever method of boom placement is chosen, the transducers fitted in the boom will continue to send ~osition signals back to the control unit, so that the control unit at all times knows where the end of the boom iS .
The drill 56 is then operated to drill a hole in the rock of the necessary length. The drill is retracted, and a signal is thereupon sent to the control unit which tells the control unit to move the entire boom by a distance which coxresponds to the distance between the a~is of the drill 56 and the axis of the injection tube 62. Depending upon the position of the hole relative to the supports 22, this movement may require any combination of the possible modes of movement of the boom, ie lift, slew or extend. The amount of movement required will be small because the distance between the axis of the drill 56 and that of the tube 62 is small, but it would be within the power of the computer control to achieve this movement to a position where the tube 62 registers with the hole drilled by the drill 56.
Resin grout is then injected into the hole in any conv~ntional manner. After the injection stage has been SP832 . CA
30 October 1991 2 ~ a completed, the boom is moved again to line up the axis of the bolt insertion unit 60 with the hole so that a bolt can be run into the hole and then, once the grout has secured the bolt, the bolt can be tightened.
The movements to position the drilling station, then the grouting station and then the bolting station beneath the location 32 are all accomplished by movement of the boom itself, rather than by movements within the rock bolting head 26.
In place of resin bonded bolts, mechanically anchored bolts can be used, and in this case the grouting tube 62 can be omitted. Most known types of mechanically anchored bolts can be used.
Figure 7 illustrates, by way of example, a transducer which monitors the movement of the boom 36 about the axis 40. The boom is mounted for pivoting movement on a pin 64. The pin is secured to a bracket 66, and a resolver unit 68 has a part which is fast with the main boom tube 36. When the boom tube 36 moves about the axis 40, there is relative rotation between the parts 66 and 68 and this is detected by a resolution detector 70. A signal is then sent along a line 72 to the control unit 53. Resolver units 70, or transducers, are well known in the art and any conventional unit which is suitable for use in a mining environment can be used. The type of transducer required to monitor the sliding movement between the inner boom tube 46 and the main boom tube will also be readily apparent to one skilled in the art.
The invention thus provides an accurate method of positioning rock bolts in a rock wall which avoids the need for any moving parts in the positioning mechanism at the S P832 . ~A
30 October 1991 2~rL~ o location where the drilling for the rock bolt hole is carried out. This leads to simplification of the rock bolt head, and improved accuracy of registration between the drilling station, the grouting station and the bolting station.
SP832 . CA
30 October 1991
Claims (9)
1. A method of inserting rock bolts, the method comprising the steps of mounting a rock bolting head which includes a drilling station and a bolting station at one end of a boom, moving the boom to position the drilling station at the place where a rock bolt hole is to be drilled, drilling a hole, moving the boom to locate the bolting station below the hole drilled by the drilling station and inserting a bolt in the hole.
2. A method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the rock bolting head also includes a grouting station, and the method includes the steps of moving the grouting station to register with the hole prior to the movement of the bolting station to register with the hole.
3. Rock bolting apparatus comprising a mobile chassis and a boom, one end of the boom being mounted on the chassis and the other end of the boom carrying a rock bolting head, wherein the rock bolting head carries a drilling station and a bolting station which stations are mounted in a fixed position relative to one another with no relative movement between the stations and the part of the head which is mounted on said other end of the boom, and wherein the boom is movable in slew, lift, and extend modes under computer control.
4. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 3, wherein the rock bolting head includes a resin injection station.
5. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 3 or Claim 4, wherein separate position transducers are provided in each boom joint/pivot point, signals from all of which are fed back to a central control unit.
SP832.CA
30 October 1991
SP832.CA
30 October 1991
6. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 3, wherein the central control unit is programmed to carry out a selected sequence of movements.
7. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 3 or Claim 4, wherein the drilling station and the bolting station are arranged parallel with one another within the rock bolting head.
8. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 7 when dependent on Claim 4, wherein the grouting station is arranged parallel with the drilling and bolting stations within the rock bolting head.
9. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 8, wherein the grouting station is arranged within the rock bolting head between the drilling station and the bolting station.
SP832.CA
30 October 1991
SP832.CA
30 October 1991
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB909024358A GB9024358D0 (en) | 1990-11-08 | 1990-11-08 | Rock bolting apparatus |
| GB9024358.5 | 1990-11-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2055080A1 true CA2055080A1 (en) | 1992-05-09 |
Family
ID=10685103
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2055080 Abandoned CA2055080A1 (en) | 1990-11-08 | 1991-11-06 | Rock bolting |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2055080A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB9024358D0 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA918778B (en) |
-
1990
- 1990-11-08 GB GB909024358A patent/GB9024358D0/en active Pending
-
1991
- 1991-11-05 ZA ZA918778A patent/ZA918778B/en unknown
- 1991-11-06 CA CA 2055080 patent/CA2055080A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9024358D0 (en) | 1990-12-19 |
| ZA918778B (en) | 1992-08-26 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Dead |