CA2052172A1 - Base plate, in particular for preparation of concrete products - Google Patents
Base plate, in particular for preparation of concrete productsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2052172A1 CA2052172A1 CA 2052172 CA2052172A CA2052172A1 CA 2052172 A1 CA2052172 A1 CA 2052172A1 CA 2052172 CA2052172 CA 2052172 CA 2052172 A CA2052172 A CA 2052172A CA 2052172 A1 CA2052172 A1 CA 2052172A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- base plate
- plate according
- plate
- support
- proportion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Landscapes
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Based plates made essentially of contaminated plastic wastes may be used to replace base plates made of soft woods or tropical hard woods, such as used in the concrete industry to produce composite blocks, plates, blocks, curbstones or the like. The base plates may be made by plasticizing and extruding the thermoplastic containing plastic component.
Description
.5.~il 7~.n BASE PLATE, IN PARTICULAR FOR
PREPARATION OF CONCRETE PRODUCTS
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
l. Field of the Invention The invention rela-tes to a base plate and particularly a plate for use in production of concrete products.
PREPARATION OF CONCRETE PRODUCTS
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
l. Field of the Invention The invention rela-tes to a base plate and particularly a plate for use in production of concrete products.
2. Description of the Related Technology As show in Fig. 1 and 2, an empty base plate 20 taken from a plate storage 30 is introduced into a molding machine 10 during production of concrete products (composite blocks, plates, blocks, curbstones. The molding machine 10 includes a vertically movable mold ll, a press plunger 12 and a die plate 13. The base plate 20 is placed onto a vibrating table 14, which may be vibrated by an eccentric wheel or cam 15 or the like. Following the insertion of the base plate 20, the mold 11 is lowered onto the plate 20 and filled from above with a mixture of cement and sand. The mixture is then densified by the pressure of the press plunger l~ lowered from above and the vibration of the table 14. Subsequently the press plunger 12 and the mold ll are ràised and the plate 20, with the molding, is pushed from the molding machine 10 onto conveyer rails 40.
The plate 20 and the molding, are optionally moved by a stacking carriage 50 to a drying room 60 on. The molding is hardened in the drying room 60 conveyor rails 40. In a discharge station 70, the hardened molding is taken as a finished concrete product 80 from the base plate 20. The base plate is then returned to plate storage 30 for drying.
, ~ : . -; .
,~
~ ~.5~ 7.~, If the base plates are equipped, on their bottom side, with stacking feet the base plates 20 may be stacked directly on rails in place of a stacking carriage 50. In this case, the mutual distance of the stacking feet is sufficiently large so that when stacked a lower molding fits between the stac~ing feet of a plate 20 stacked above the lower molding. The bending rigidity of the base plate 20 must be high even when in extended storage and with the potential application of drying heat as the loaded base plate 20 rests on only two border areas on rails 40, the rails of the stacking carriage 40, the control rails of the drying room 80 or on stacking feet- If the base plate 20 is not entirely flat, hair cracks will develop during the hardening of the hardened concrete-sand mixture which render the finished concrete product useless.
Solid wood plates have been used heretofore to satisfy the aforementioned requirements of high base plate bending rigidity. The plates were assembled of individual planks, drawn together with steel reinforcing bars and protected on the frontal sides with metal profiles. As the wood, Spruce, larch or tropical hard woods have been used, with dimensions of 1400 mm x 900 mm x 50 mm, variable depending on the surface area required and on the strength of the wood used (hard or soft wood). Due to their assembly from individual planks, wooden base plates have joints at the contact locations of the planks which interrupt the smoothness of the surface- Surface-changes also occur over time due to the unavoidable abrasion and climatic effects on the wood. Furthermore, wooden base plates must be carefully maintained (regular oiling or spraying with impregnatlng agents and regular turning, so that both surfaces are used), in order to extend their useful life over a period of 2 to 5 years (depending on the type of wood)~
The replacement of wooden materials by a plastic has been heretofore unsuccessful because the plastics considered suitable for high loads would be significantly more expensive 1 ~34U
. ,:` ` : ' ¢~
than wood. The increasing public criticism of the destruction of tropical rain forests further converts the use tropical hard woods into an environmental problem, whch cannot be solved by the exclusive use of the spruce and larch wood, as soft woods may be used up to certain loads only.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the invention to create a base plate, which provides a permanent smooth surface requiring no maintenance even under very high loads, without being appreciably more expe.nsive than conventional base plates.
This object is attained according to the invention by a base plate prepared from contaminated plastic wastes composed of between 70 and 90% polyolefins by weight, between 0 and 15%
polystyrene by weight, between 0 and 10% polyvinylchloride by weight and a residual proportion of other plastics and contaminants, plasticizing and extruded in the thermoplastic containing plastic components.
The material may include fiber-containing material is added in a loose or continuous form. The fiber-containing material may be glass, wood, textile and/or plastic fibers, The fiber containing material may be added in the form of a fabric, a knit or a mat. According to the invention, the edge zones of the body of the plate may exhibit embedded reinforcing pipes or rails. Alternatively, the plate may exhibit surface mounted reinforcing rails on the plate edges. The height of the reinforcing rails may be equal to or smaller than the height of the body of the plate. The reinforcing plates may have an essentially C shaped profile. Free ends of the C
shaped profiles may include hook like projections cast into the body of the plate.
According to a further feature of the invention, stacking feet may be molded on the bottom side of ~:^~ body of the plate, or on both the top and bottom side.
.~.
, J~
The base plate according to the invention may be produced from recycled plastic materials in a single piece and may optionally include molded stacking feet. Abutting joints and other changes in the flat surface, such as those found on wooden base plates, are eliminated. Furthermore, no maintenance is required and unlimited storage period are possible. The abrasion strength of the recycled plastics is considerably higher than that of wood, which altogether results in a significantly longer useful life than that of wooden materials. The utilization of plastic wastes as the raw material rather than tropical hard woods render the base plate of the invention especially friendly to the environment. The production costs of the base plate according to th~ invention are comparable with or even lower than those of wooden plates due to the use of plastic wastes as the initial material. The base plate according to the invention has been found highly suitable in view of the aforementioned advantages.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRA~INGS
Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a production plant for composite concrete blocks and plates.
Figure 2 shows a schematic view of a molding machine in the plant according to Fig. 1 for the production of composite concrete block and plates.
Figures 3a-3d show perspective cross sections through four different embodiments of a base plate according to the invention, used in a production plant accordin~ to Figure 1 and inserted into the molding machine according to Figure 2.
~.
.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The production plant according to Figure 1 and the molding machine 10 according to Figure 2 are already explained in the preceding introduction- The base plate 20a shown in Fig. 3a includes of a prism shaped plate body, produced according to the preferred embodiment essentially from contaminated plastic wastes (recycled plastics). The plastic wastes contain a high proportio~ of thermoplastics, which when charged into an extruder, in particular a roll extruder with inlet, compression and metering zones according to DE 2,332,803, are melted essentially by the heat o~ friction and homogenized. The non-melting proportion of the plastic wastes charged in a comminuted form, is further comminuted or ground and is incorporated in the thermosplastic mass in the form of granules. The plastic melt exiting from the extruder (together with thP residual non-melting granules embedded in it) is filled into a plate mold and hardened therein.
Corresponding to the material system described abo:e for the production of plate bodies, plastic wastes are used with the following composition:
70-g0% by weight polyolefins, 0-15% by weight polystyrene, 0-10% by weight polyvinylchloride, and residual components of other plastics and impuritie Although in many cases such a base plate made of recycled plastics has adequate mechanical properties, in particular an adequate bending strength, fiber containing material may be added to the plasticized plastic mass before or during the filling of the plate mold, in a loose, irregular form. The fibers 21 (Fig. 3a) are then present in the plate cross section in a random distribution, which improves the mechanical strength, in particular the bending rigidity. In order to improve the b~nding properties of the plate 20a even more specific~lly it is also possible to provide the fibers _5_ .~ ~ 5.~ 7~;O
only in zones of the plate subject to a high mechanical stress or to enrich them in these zones. The concentration of the fibers 21 is such that all of the fibers 21 are embeddced in the thermoplastic material, in order to create an active combination with said thermoplastic materials in the sense of an increase in mechanical properties.
In place of or additionally to the loose fibers, such materials may be added in a contiguous form. The materials may be embedded in the form of a fabric designated 22 in Fig. 3b, or a knit or a fiber mat, into th~ mass to produce a base plate. The fiber layer (fabric, knit or mat) 22 in Fig. 3b is located in the neutral bending zone, i.e. in the center plane of the base plate 20b.
The fibers, in all embodiments (Fig. 3a, 3b) may be glass, textile, natural or plastic fibers may be used. Suitable natural fibers are wood or sisal fibers. The length of the fibers should be coordinated with the strength of the plate desired.
Additionally to or in place of the addition of fibers according to Fig. 3a and 3b, the strength of the base plates may be increased by embedding reinforcing pipes or bars 2s (Fig. 3d) in the body of the plate or by casting reinforcing rails onto longitudinal edges of the body of the plate. In the embodiment according to Fig. 3d, the reinforcing pipes 25 are located parallel to the longitudinal edges o the plate body.
The reinforcing pipes may be provided at least in the area of the edge zones of the plate body. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3d, an additional reinforcing pipe or rod 25 may be provided in the longitudinal axis of the plate body. The number of reinforcing pipes or rods 25 and their diameter depend on the thickness of the plate body and the mechanical properties desired of the finished base plate 20d. In any case, care must be taken that the reinforcing pipes 25 are surrounded sufficient thermoplastic materials in order to insure an active connection between the thermoplastic material and the reinforcing pipes. As the material ~or the reinforcing pipes, structural steel is preferred, with the pipes 2s provided in the a solid or a ho].low shape. In the case of hollow profiles thermosplastic material may be poured into the reinforcing pipes.
In the embodiment according to Fig. 3c, the reinforcing pipes or rails 23 located on the longitudinal edges exhibit an essentially C-shaped profile. The free ends of the C profile may be provided with hook like extensions 23e to anchor them on the body of the plate. The reinforcing rails 23 may be inserted during the molding of the plate body into the mold and cast in, so that they are positively connected to the thermoplastic material of the plate body, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties of the latter. The thickness (height) of the plate body may be chosen so that the top and bottom side of the finished base plate 20c projects past the top and bottom sides of the reinforcing rails 23, as shown at an enlarged scale in Fig. 3c. This projection of the plate body insures that only the plastic surfaces of the base plate 20c are active in the production of concrete products.
Integral stacking feet may easily be molded together with the plate bottom side or bottom and top side of the plate body in casting in all of the embodiment according to Fig. 3a and 3c as shown in Fig. 3c. This eliminates the step of screwing stacking fest on to wooden plates. The stacking feet contribute to the increased mechanical strength of the base plates 20a to 20d as the result of their single piece molding.
It is possible to use the base plates for purposes other than production of concrete products, for example as transport pallets or cladding plates, such as those used in construction.
The plate 20 and the molding, are optionally moved by a stacking carriage 50 to a drying room 60 on. The molding is hardened in the drying room 60 conveyor rails 40. In a discharge station 70, the hardened molding is taken as a finished concrete product 80 from the base plate 20. The base plate is then returned to plate storage 30 for drying.
, ~ : . -; .
,~
~ ~.5~ 7.~, If the base plates are equipped, on their bottom side, with stacking feet the base plates 20 may be stacked directly on rails in place of a stacking carriage 50. In this case, the mutual distance of the stacking feet is sufficiently large so that when stacked a lower molding fits between the stac~ing feet of a plate 20 stacked above the lower molding. The bending rigidity of the base plate 20 must be high even when in extended storage and with the potential application of drying heat as the loaded base plate 20 rests on only two border areas on rails 40, the rails of the stacking carriage 40, the control rails of the drying room 80 or on stacking feet- If the base plate 20 is not entirely flat, hair cracks will develop during the hardening of the hardened concrete-sand mixture which render the finished concrete product useless.
Solid wood plates have been used heretofore to satisfy the aforementioned requirements of high base plate bending rigidity. The plates were assembled of individual planks, drawn together with steel reinforcing bars and protected on the frontal sides with metal profiles. As the wood, Spruce, larch or tropical hard woods have been used, with dimensions of 1400 mm x 900 mm x 50 mm, variable depending on the surface area required and on the strength of the wood used (hard or soft wood). Due to their assembly from individual planks, wooden base plates have joints at the contact locations of the planks which interrupt the smoothness of the surface- Surface-changes also occur over time due to the unavoidable abrasion and climatic effects on the wood. Furthermore, wooden base plates must be carefully maintained (regular oiling or spraying with impregnatlng agents and regular turning, so that both surfaces are used), in order to extend their useful life over a period of 2 to 5 years (depending on the type of wood)~
The replacement of wooden materials by a plastic has been heretofore unsuccessful because the plastics considered suitable for high loads would be significantly more expensive 1 ~34U
. ,:` ` : ' ¢~
than wood. The increasing public criticism of the destruction of tropical rain forests further converts the use tropical hard woods into an environmental problem, whch cannot be solved by the exclusive use of the spruce and larch wood, as soft woods may be used up to certain loads only.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the invention to create a base plate, which provides a permanent smooth surface requiring no maintenance even under very high loads, without being appreciably more expe.nsive than conventional base plates.
This object is attained according to the invention by a base plate prepared from contaminated plastic wastes composed of between 70 and 90% polyolefins by weight, between 0 and 15%
polystyrene by weight, between 0 and 10% polyvinylchloride by weight and a residual proportion of other plastics and contaminants, plasticizing and extruded in the thermoplastic containing plastic components.
The material may include fiber-containing material is added in a loose or continuous form. The fiber-containing material may be glass, wood, textile and/or plastic fibers, The fiber containing material may be added in the form of a fabric, a knit or a mat. According to the invention, the edge zones of the body of the plate may exhibit embedded reinforcing pipes or rails. Alternatively, the plate may exhibit surface mounted reinforcing rails on the plate edges. The height of the reinforcing rails may be equal to or smaller than the height of the body of the plate. The reinforcing plates may have an essentially C shaped profile. Free ends of the C
shaped profiles may include hook like projections cast into the body of the plate.
According to a further feature of the invention, stacking feet may be molded on the bottom side of ~:^~ body of the plate, or on both the top and bottom side.
.~.
, J~
The base plate according to the invention may be produced from recycled plastic materials in a single piece and may optionally include molded stacking feet. Abutting joints and other changes in the flat surface, such as those found on wooden base plates, are eliminated. Furthermore, no maintenance is required and unlimited storage period are possible. The abrasion strength of the recycled plastics is considerably higher than that of wood, which altogether results in a significantly longer useful life than that of wooden materials. The utilization of plastic wastes as the raw material rather than tropical hard woods render the base plate of the invention especially friendly to the environment. The production costs of the base plate according to th~ invention are comparable with or even lower than those of wooden plates due to the use of plastic wastes as the initial material. The base plate according to the invention has been found highly suitable in view of the aforementioned advantages.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRA~INGS
Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a production plant for composite concrete blocks and plates.
Figure 2 shows a schematic view of a molding machine in the plant according to Fig. 1 for the production of composite concrete block and plates.
Figures 3a-3d show perspective cross sections through four different embodiments of a base plate according to the invention, used in a production plant accordin~ to Figure 1 and inserted into the molding machine according to Figure 2.
~.
.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The production plant according to Figure 1 and the molding machine 10 according to Figure 2 are already explained in the preceding introduction- The base plate 20a shown in Fig. 3a includes of a prism shaped plate body, produced according to the preferred embodiment essentially from contaminated plastic wastes (recycled plastics). The plastic wastes contain a high proportio~ of thermoplastics, which when charged into an extruder, in particular a roll extruder with inlet, compression and metering zones according to DE 2,332,803, are melted essentially by the heat o~ friction and homogenized. The non-melting proportion of the plastic wastes charged in a comminuted form, is further comminuted or ground and is incorporated in the thermosplastic mass in the form of granules. The plastic melt exiting from the extruder (together with thP residual non-melting granules embedded in it) is filled into a plate mold and hardened therein.
Corresponding to the material system described abo:e for the production of plate bodies, plastic wastes are used with the following composition:
70-g0% by weight polyolefins, 0-15% by weight polystyrene, 0-10% by weight polyvinylchloride, and residual components of other plastics and impuritie Although in many cases such a base plate made of recycled plastics has adequate mechanical properties, in particular an adequate bending strength, fiber containing material may be added to the plasticized plastic mass before or during the filling of the plate mold, in a loose, irregular form. The fibers 21 (Fig. 3a) are then present in the plate cross section in a random distribution, which improves the mechanical strength, in particular the bending rigidity. In order to improve the b~nding properties of the plate 20a even more specific~lly it is also possible to provide the fibers _5_ .~ ~ 5.~ 7~;O
only in zones of the plate subject to a high mechanical stress or to enrich them in these zones. The concentration of the fibers 21 is such that all of the fibers 21 are embeddced in the thermoplastic material, in order to create an active combination with said thermoplastic materials in the sense of an increase in mechanical properties.
In place of or additionally to the loose fibers, such materials may be added in a contiguous form. The materials may be embedded in the form of a fabric designated 22 in Fig. 3b, or a knit or a fiber mat, into th~ mass to produce a base plate. The fiber layer (fabric, knit or mat) 22 in Fig. 3b is located in the neutral bending zone, i.e. in the center plane of the base plate 20b.
The fibers, in all embodiments (Fig. 3a, 3b) may be glass, textile, natural or plastic fibers may be used. Suitable natural fibers are wood or sisal fibers. The length of the fibers should be coordinated with the strength of the plate desired.
Additionally to or in place of the addition of fibers according to Fig. 3a and 3b, the strength of the base plates may be increased by embedding reinforcing pipes or bars 2s (Fig. 3d) in the body of the plate or by casting reinforcing rails onto longitudinal edges of the body of the plate. In the embodiment according to Fig. 3d, the reinforcing pipes 25 are located parallel to the longitudinal edges o the plate body.
The reinforcing pipes may be provided at least in the area of the edge zones of the plate body. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3d, an additional reinforcing pipe or rod 25 may be provided in the longitudinal axis of the plate body. The number of reinforcing pipes or rods 25 and their diameter depend on the thickness of the plate body and the mechanical properties desired of the finished base plate 20d. In any case, care must be taken that the reinforcing pipes 25 are surrounded sufficient thermoplastic materials in order to insure an active connection between the thermoplastic material and the reinforcing pipes. As the material ~or the reinforcing pipes, structural steel is preferred, with the pipes 2s provided in the a solid or a ho].low shape. In the case of hollow profiles thermosplastic material may be poured into the reinforcing pipes.
In the embodiment according to Fig. 3c, the reinforcing pipes or rails 23 located on the longitudinal edges exhibit an essentially C-shaped profile. The free ends of the C profile may be provided with hook like extensions 23e to anchor them on the body of the plate. The reinforcing rails 23 may be inserted during the molding of the plate body into the mold and cast in, so that they are positively connected to the thermoplastic material of the plate body, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties of the latter. The thickness (height) of the plate body may be chosen so that the top and bottom side of the finished base plate 20c projects past the top and bottom sides of the reinforcing rails 23, as shown at an enlarged scale in Fig. 3c. This projection of the plate body insures that only the plastic surfaces of the base plate 20c are active in the production of concrete products.
Integral stacking feet may easily be molded together with the plate bottom side or bottom and top side of the plate body in casting in all of the embodiment according to Fig. 3a and 3c as shown in Fig. 3c. This eliminates the step of screwing stacking fest on to wooden plates. The stacking feet contribute to the increased mechanical strength of the base plates 20a to 20d as the result of their single piece molding.
It is possible to use the base plates for purposes other than production of concrete products, for example as transport pallets or cladding plates, such as those used in construction.
Claims (14)
I claim:
1. A base plate comprising a planar support body made of plate material exhibition a proportion of polyolefins between 70 and 90% by weight, a proportion of polystyrene between 0 and 15% by weight, a proportion of polyvinylchloride between 0 and 10% by weight and a residual proportion of other plastics and contaminants, by plasticizing and extruding the thermoplastic containing plastic components.
2. A base plate according to Claim 1, further comprising fiber-containing material is added to said plate material in a loose or continuous form.
3. A base plate according to Claim 2, wherein said fiber-containing material, glass, wood, textile and/or plastic fibers are used.
4. A base plate according to Claim 2 or 3, wherein said fiber containing material is in the form of a fabric, knit or mat.
5. A base plate according to claim 1, further comprising reinforcing elements embedded in zones of said support.
6. A base plate according to claim 1 further comprising reinforcing rails located at longitudinal edges of the body of said support
7. A base plate according to Claim 6, wherein said reinforcing rails exhibit a height equal to or smaller than a height of said support.
8. A base plate according to Claim 6, wherein said reinforcing rails exhibit an essentially C shaped profile.
9. A base plate according to Claim 8, wherein free ends of said C shaped profiles exhibit hook like projections said support.
10. A base plate according to claim 1 further comprising staking feet connected to a bottom side of said support body.
11. A base plate according to claim 10 wherein said stacking feet are integral with said support body.
12. A base plate according to claim 11, wherein said stacking feet are molded on said support body.
13. A base plate according to claim 1 wherein said plate material consists essentially of contaminated plastic wastes.
14. A base plate according to claim 1 wherein said plate material comprises a mixture of polyolefins, polystyrene and polyvinylchloride.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4030232 | 1990-09-25 | ||
| DEP4030232.6 | 1990-09-25 | ||
| DEP4040905.8 | 1990-12-20 | ||
| DE19904040905 DE4040905C2 (en) | 1990-09-25 | 1990-12-20 | Underlay board, in particular for the production of concrete products |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2052172A1 true CA2052172A1 (en) | 1992-03-26 |
Family
ID=25897147
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2052172 Abandoned CA2052172A1 (en) | 1990-09-25 | 1991-09-24 | Base plate, in particular for preparation of concrete products |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2052172A1 (en) |
-
1991
- 1991-09-24 CA CA 2052172 patent/CA2052172A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |